what are some influences on the american form of government? ancient greece democracy rome a code...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 2 Review
Government
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What ARE some influences on the American form of government?
Ancient Greece democracyRome a code of lawsEnlightenment philosophersEngland most settlers were from England—they brought their way of government
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Limited governmentGovernment should NOT be all-powerful.
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We elect officials to do the will of the people.
(They represent us.)
Representative government
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English documents that influenced our government
• Magna Carta• Petition of Right• English Bill of Rights• Enlightenment writings
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The first written constitution in AmericaThe Mayflower Compact• Written by the Pilgrims
Massachusetts has the oldest Constitution still in effect.
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The first example of self-government in the coloniesThe Virginia House of Burgesses
Every colony had its own constitution and legislature before 1776
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Separation of POW ERS
• Executive branch is separate from legislative branch.
The judicial branch is separate too.
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French and Indian WarThis event left England with high debt, and they began to tax the colonies.
“No taxation without representation!”
Worth mentioning because . . . ?
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Ben Franklin
He proposed a congress to meet and talk about the French and Indian problem.
It didn’t succeed, but it was an important step toward unity.
Albany Plan of Union
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1st organized meeting to protest British policy
• 9 out of 13 colonies came
They met to protest the Stamp Act
Stamp Act Congress
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First Continental Congress
• 12 colonies met (Georgia stayed home)
• Talked about independence a boycott
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Thomas Paine
He said it was only -- -- that the colonies should form their own union.
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2nd Continental Congress• President John Hancock*
• Named George Washington as commander-in-chief of the army
• Our 1st (unofficial) government
*Legend says that he wrote so large so that King George could read it without his glasses!
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July 4, 1776
Author: Thomas Jefferson
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We hold these truths . . .
to be self-evident
That . . . all men are created equal
And are . . . Endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights,
Among these right are . . . Life,
Liberty,and the pursuit of Happiness
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BliPS: what state constitutions had in common
• Bill of Rights • Limited government• i
• Popular Sovereignty• Separation of Powers
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USA’s first official government:
The Articles of Confederation
Strengths:CUB
Could raise an army & navyUnited the StatesBorrow money
Weaknesses:
• 1 vote per state• No . . .
Tax Executive branch
National court• All states needed for amendments
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Shay’s
Rebellion
Angry Massachusetts farmers led by Daniel Shays led a rebellion because they were upset at farm foreclosures and other economic problems.
The Rebellion showed that the national government could not raise an army for defense. It was weak.
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Constitutional Convention
• Met in Philadelphia• All the states but Rhode Island were there• The Framers were 55 well-educated men; they are also
known as our “Founding Fathers.”• George Washington was elected to preside.
• James Madison is called the Father of the Constitution because he was the author of the basic plan.
1 7 8 7
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Whatever happened to the
Articles of Confederation???
They trashed it and started from scratch.
The Framers intended to REVISE it, but instead . . .
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?First Question: representation
Large states Small states
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The Plans*the most important question: How should the states be represented?
Virginia Plan• Proposed by James Madison
• A bicameral legislature
• Representation based on population
• 3 branches of government
New Jersey Plan• Proposed by William
Paterson• A unicameral (one house)
• Equal representation
• A group of executives to be chosen by Congress. The executive would appoint Judiciary.
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The Great Compromise*
Senate• Equal representation
House of Representatives• Representation by
Population
*proposed by Roger Sherman
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3/5 Compromise• slaves would be counted as 3/5 of a person
Slave Trade and Commerce Compromise• Congress had the power to control trade• But Congress could not interfere with slave trade for 20 years
Second Question: slavery
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“Constitution Day”
As he went to sign the Constitution, Ben Franklin said the sun painted on the back of George Washington’s chair was a rising, not a setting sun.
September 17, 1787
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Ratification*
*ratification: to approve (opposite of veto)
1. How much power should the national government have?2. What about a Bill of Rights?
1. The Federalists stressed the weakness of the Articles; they wanted a stronger NATIONAL government.
Madison, Hamilton, and Jay wrote The Federalist papers to support the Constitution.
2. The Anti-federalists insisted on a BILL of RIGHTS.
Key Questions:
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The United States of America
• Our first capital: New York City
Our first president: George Washington