What are prokaryotic cells? Give an example.

What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

• ____________________

• ____________________

• ____________________

How many chromosomes are in a normal healthy adult cell? ________

What happens in a cell during interphase?

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

What happens during the main 4 stages of mitosis?

P __________ - _______________________________________________

M __________ - _______________________________________________

A __________ - _______________________________________________

T __________ - _______________________________________________

What are the advantages of embryonic stem cells over adult stem cells?

State 4 ways to increase the rate of diffusion

• ___________________________________________________________

• ___________________________________________________________

• ___________________________________________________________

• ___________________________________________________________

Define osmosis

• ___________________________________________________________

• ___________________________________________________________

• ___________________________________________________________

Active transport is the movement of substances from a _________ concentration to a

_________ concentration, ____________ the concentration gradient.

It requires ___________ from ___________. This is why cells that do active

transport like ________ ________ cells in plants, have lots of _______________.

What are prokaryotic cells? Give an example.

What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

• ____________________

• ____________________

• ____________________

How many chromosomes are in a normal healthy adult cell? ________

What happens in a cell during interphase?

• __________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________

What happens during the main 4 stages of mitosis?

P __________ - _______________________________________________

M __________ - _______________________________________________

A __________ - _______________________________________________

T __________ - _______________________________________________

What are the advantages of embryonic stem cells over adult stem cells?

State 4 ways to increase the rate of diffusion

• ___________________________________________________________

• ___________________________________________________________

• ___________________________________________________________

• ___________________________________________________________

Define osmosis

• ___________________________________________________________

• ___________________________________________________________

• ___________________________________________________________

Active transport is the movement of substances from a _________ concentration to a

_________ concentration, ____________ the concentration gradient.

It requires ___________ from ___________. This is why cells that do active

transport like ________ ________ cells in plants, have lots of _______________.

They have no nucleus (or other membrane-bound organelles) e.g. bacteria

Cell Wall

Chloroplasts

Vacuole

46

The DNA duplicates

The cell carries out its normal activities

rophase Chromosomes condense

etaphase Chromosomes line up down the middle

naphase Chromosomes are pulled apart by spindles

elophase 2 new nuclei form

They can differentiate into any kind of cell.

Adult stem cells are tissue specific so they can only make cells from where they are found.

Increase temperature

Increase surface area

Increase concentration gradient (steeper)

Decrease diffusion distance

Movement of water

From a dilute solution to a concentrated solution

Across a partially permeable membrane

low

high against

energy respiration

root hair mitochondria

What happens to an enzyme when the temperature is too high or the pH iswrong?

• ___________________________________ • ___________________________________

Amylase converts __________ into __________

Protease enzymes convert __________ into __________ _________

Lipase enzymes covert __________ into __________ __________ and ___________

Food tests:

Blood is made up of: ________________________________________________________________________________________

____________ are used to open blocked arteries. If this doesn’t work, ___________ surgery grafts a vein around the blockage.

Mechanical valves require the patient to take ________________ drugs whereas biological valves need _____________ every 10 years.

What is cancer?___________________________________________________________________

How does cancer spread?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Arteries: __________ walls, _________ lumen, _____ valvesVeins: __________ walls, _________ lumen, valves to _______________________

What conditions speed up transpiration?

• ___________________________________ • ___________________________________• ___________________________________

Indicator Positive Result Negative Result

Starch

Glucose

Protein

Fats

What happens to an enzyme when the temperature is too high or the pH iswrong?

• ___________________________________ • ___________________________________

Amylase converts __________ into __________

Protease enzymes convert __________ into __________ _________

Lipase enzymes covert __________ into __________ __________ and ___________

Food tests:

Blood is made up of: ________________________________________________________________________________________

____________ are used to open blocked arteries. If this doesn’t work, ___________ surgery grafts a vein around the blockage.

Mechanical valves require the patient to take ________________ drugs whereas biological valves need _____________ every 10 years.

What is cancer?___________________________________________________________________

How does cancer spread?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Arteries: __________ walls, _________ lumen, _____ valvesVeins: __________ walls, _________ lumen, valves to _______________________

What conditions speed up transpiration?

• ___________________________________ • ___________________________________• ___________________________________

Indicator Positive Result Negative Result

Starch

Glucose

Protein

Fats

Denatures - The active site changes shape

It no longer fits the substrate

sugars glucose

protein amino acids

fats fatty acids glycerol

Iodine Black Brown

Bennedict’s (and heat) Green Yellow Brick red Blue

Biuret Lilac Blue

Ethanol Cloudy White Clear

Stents

White Blood Cells (pathogens)

Plasma (urea, glucose, carbon dioxide)Platelets (clotting)

Red Blood Cells (oxygen)

bypass

anticoagulant

replacing

Uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells

A cell breaks off a malignant tumour. It is carried by the blood to another organ where it divides to form another tumour.

Thick narrow no

Thin large prevent backflow of blood

High temperatureHigh wind speedLow humidity

Choose an element: Draw the electronic structure

Mendeleev left _______ for elements he thought had not been ___________.

Predicted the _________ of the elements that were later found.

Group 0 elements: An example ____________. They are ________ because they

have a ______ ______ ________ of __________.

Group 1 elements: An example: _________

Reactivity _______ as you go down the group because the outer electron that is

_____ when it reacts is ________ from the nucleus

Group 7 elements: An example:

Reactivity _______ as you go down the group because the outer electron that is

_____ when it reacts is ________ from the nucleus

Name of:

CuCl2

NaCO3

LiNO3

FeSO4

Name model discovery by this scientist:

J J Thompson

Ernest Rutherford

Niels Bohr

James Chadwick

Method used to separate:

Soluble salt from solution:

Insoluble solid from liquid:

Two different liquids:

Number of:Protons:Electrons:Neutrons:

Write electronic configuration: ___________

Formula for:

Carbon dioxide:

Hydrochloric acid:

Sulfuric acid:

Sodium hydroxide:

Choose an element: Draw the electronic structure

Mendeleev left _gaps__ for elements he thought had not been __discovered__.

Predicted the _properties__ of the elements that were later found.

Group 0 elements: An example _Helium, neon, argon krypton xenon, radon_.

They are _unreactive_ because they have a _full outer shell of electrons_.

Group 1 elements: An example: _lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium__

Reactivty _increases_ as you go down the group because the outer electron that is

_lost_ when it reacts is _further_ from the nucleus

Group 7 elements: An example: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine

Reactivity _decreases_ as you go down the group because the outer electron that is

_gained__ when it reacts is _further_ from the nucleus

Name of:

CuCl2: Copper Chloride

NaCO3: Sodium carbonate

LiNO3: Lithium nitrate

FeSO4: Iron sulfate

Name model discovery by this scientist:

J J Thompson: Plum pudding model

Niels Bohr: Electrons in shells

James Chadwick: Neutrons

Ernest Rutherford: Nuclear model

Method used to separate:

Soluble salt from solution: Evaporation

Insoluble solid from liquid: Filtration

Two different liquids: Distillation

Number of:Protons:Electrons:Neutrons:

Write electronic configuration: ___________

Formula for:

Carbon dioxide: CO2

Hydrochloric acid: HCl

Sulfuric acid: H2SO4

Sodium hydroxide: NaOH

Draw a dot and cross diagram for an ionic compound: eg/ LiF, NaCl, MgCl2, Li2O

In ionic bonding electrons are _______

Simple covalent:

Example:

>

>

>

>

Metals:

Example:

>

>

>

>

Features and properties of:

Ionic compounds:

Example:

>

>

>

>

Draw a dot and cross diagram for a covalent molecule eg/ F2, CH4,H2O, CO2,

In covalent bonding electrons are _______

Name:

carbons bonded:

Structure:

Properties

Uses:

Draw a dot and cross diagram for an ionic compound: eg/ LiF, NaCl, MgCl2, Li2O

In ionic bonding electrons are _gained or lost__

Simple covalent:

Example: O2, Cl2

• Strong covalent bond

• Weak intermolecular force

• Often gas/liquid at room

temp

Metals:

Example: Any metal

• Outer electron delocalised.

• High melting/boiling pt

• Good conductors of electricity

and heat.

• Malleable

Features and properties of:

Ionic compounds:

Example: NaCl

• Giant ionic lattice

• High melting/boiling pt.

• Can dissolve in water

• Conduct electricity

when dissolved or molten

> Strong electrostatic forces

Draw a dot and cross diagram for a covalent molecule eg/ F2, CH4,H2O, CO2,

In covalent bonding electrons are _shared_

Name: Graphite Diamond Graphene Fullerene

carbons bonded:

3 4 3 3

Structure: layers of hexagonal rings which have nocovalent bonds between the layers. Electron delocalised.

giant covalent structure

single layer of graphite. layers of hexagonal rings

Hollow shapes, sometimes spherical

Properties Conducts electricity/ Soft.

very hard,very high melting point, doesn’t conduct

Strong, light, conducts.

Spherical-(lubircant), can trap substances. Tubes: strong, conduct

Uses: Pencils, lubricant Jewellery electronics and composites

nanotechnology, electronics and materials

In a torch __________ energy in the battery is turned into _____________ energy. ___________ energy is wasted.

__________ energy in a ball which is dropped is turned __________into ______________ energy as it gets closer to the ground.

What is the equation used to calculate: Kinetic energy: _____________Gravitational potential energy: ____________

Define what is meant by specific heat capacity. ___________________________________________________________________What are the units for specific heat capacity? ___________

Describe how to measure the specific heat capacity of a metal block. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Describe the law of conservation of energy. ___________________________________________________________________

What does it mean if a material has a high thermal conductivity? ___________________________________________________________________

Motor A is 2kW and motor B is 4kW, they both lift an object to the same height at the same speed. Which one is most efficient? ________ Why? ________________________________________________________________________________________

Complete the table below

Which of the energy sources above are renewable? ___________________________________________________________________

Energy Advantages Disadvantages

Coal/Oil/Gas

Nuclear

Hydroelectric

Biomass

Geothermal

In a torch chemical energy in the battery is turned into light energy. Thermal energy is wasted.

Gravitational energy in a ball which is dropped is turned mechanicallyinto kinetic energy as it gets closer to the ground.

What is the equation used to calculate: Kinetic energy: _ ½ x m x v2_____Gravitational potential energy: _m x g x h____

Define what is meant by specific heat capacity. The energy needed to raise 1kg of material by 1°C

What are the units for specific heat capacity? J/kg°CDescribe how to measure the specific heat capacity of a metal block. Measure the mass of the block using a mass balance. Turn on the heater. Measure the start temperature using the thermometer. After 10 minutes measure the end temperature and the energy used using a Joule meter. Use the equation to calculate SHC.

Describe the law of conservation of energy. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, just transferred from one form to another.

What does it mean if a material has a high thermal conductivity? It conducts heat well (lets a lot of thermal energy through)

Motor A is 2kW and motor B is 4kW, they both lift an object to the same height at the same speed. Which one is most efficient? ___A____ Why? It does the same work but uses less energy

Complete the table below

Which of the energy sources above are renewable? Hydroelectric, biomass, geothermal

Energy Advantages Disadvantages

Coal/Oil/Gas Reliable CO2 causes Global Warming

Nuclear Reliable/No CO2 Radioactive Waste

Hydroelectric No CO2 /Renewable Can effect wildlife

Biomass Renewable Carbon neutral/Can effect wildlife

Geothermal No CO2 Only in certain countries

Draw the circuit symbols for the following devices:

A: Diode B: LED C: Thermistor D: LDR E: Variable resistor F: Fuse

Draw the current – voltage graph for

an ohmic conductor a filament bulb a diode(Constant resistance)

Describe the graph for an ohmic conductor__________________________________

Draw the circuit needed to measure the resistance of a filament bulb.

Which of the following resistor combinations has the lowest resistance? Why?

A) B) C)

Combination _____ Because: _____________________________________________

What is the UK mains voltage? __________ What is the UK mains frequency? ______

What colour are the following in a plug and what is their potential difference?

Live: ___________ _____Neutral: ___________ _____Earth: ___________ _____

Why is the potential difference raised to 400,000V when electricity is transferred around the country in the national grid? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Cu

rren

t

Potential Difference

Cu

rren

t

Potential Difference

Cu

rren

t

Potential Difference

5Ω 5Ω 5Ω 5Ω5Ω

Draw the circuit symbols for the following devices:

A: Diode B: LED C: Thermistor D: LDR E: Variable resistor F: Fuse

Draw the current – voltage graph for

an ohmic conductor a filament bulb a diode(Constant resistance)

Describe the graph for an ohmic conductor Directly Proportional

Draw the circuit needed to measure the resistance of a filament bulb.

Use the ammeter to measure the current.Use the voltmeter to measure voltage.Use the variable resistor to get a range of readings.Use V=IxR to calculate resistance.

Which of the following resistor combinations has the lowest resistance? Why?

A) B) C)

Combination __C__ Because: There are more pathways for the current to flow. What is the UK mains voltage? ___230V___ What is the UK mains frequency? 50Hz

What colour are the following in a plug and what is their potential difference?

Live: Brown 230VNeutral: Blue 0VEarth: Green & Yellow 0V unless a fault then 230V

Why is the potential difference raised to 400,000V when electricity is transferred around the country in the national grid? Increase the potential difference which reduces the current, this reduces the amount of heat wasted, making it more efficient. The potential difference is then reduced to make it safe to use in the home.

Cu

rren

t

Potential Difference

Cu

rren

t

Potential Difference

Cu

rren

t

Potential Difference

5Ω 5Ω 5Ω 5Ω5Ω