what are ontologies (in computer science)
DESCRIPTION
A short introduction into the building blocks of ontologies; concepts, classes, instances, and relations. And how they can be used with RDF and linked open data.TRANSCRIPT
COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
In computer science and information science, an ontology formally represents knowledge as a set of concepts within a domain, and the relationships between pairs of concepts. It can be used to model a domain and support reasoning about concepts.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontology_(information_science)
COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
In computer science and information science, an ontology formally represents knowledge as a set of concepts within a domain, and the relationships between pairs of concepts. It can be used to model a domain and support reasoning about concepts.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontology_(information_science)
computer science
information science
ontology
knowledge
set of concepts
concepts
domain
relationships reasoning
subject ofsubject ofrepresentation
ofcontains
contains
containscontains description of
makes use of
supports
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Components of an Ontology
Classes(concepts, types, universals)
Apple
COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
Components of an Ontology
Classes(concepts, types, universals)
Apple
Pomesub class of
Fruitsub class of
Pear
sub class of
Elstar GoldenDelicious
sub class ofsub class of
COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
Components of an Ontology
Instances(individuals, particulars)
Apple
Pome
Fruit
sub class of
sub class of
Pear
sub class of
Elstar GoldenDelicious
sub class ofsub class of
COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
Components of an Ontology
Instances(individuals, particulars)
Apple
Pome
Fruit
sub class of
sub class of
Pear
sub class of
Elstar GoldenDelicious
sub class ofsub class of
COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
Components of an Ontology
Instances(individuals, particulars)
Apple
Pome
Fruit
sub class of
sub class of
Pear
sub class of
Elstar GoldenDelicious
sub class ofsub class of
The apple in my lunch box
type
The apple onthe tree in my garden
type
COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
Components of an Ontology
Relations
Apple
Pome
Fruit
sub class of
sub class of
Pear
sub class of
Elstar GoldenDelicious
sub class ofsub class of
The apple in my lunch box
type
The apple onthe tree in my garden
type
COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
Components of an Ontology
Relations
Apple
Pome
Fruit
sub class of
sub class of
Pear
sub class of
Elstar GoldenDelicious
sub class ofsub class of
The apple in my lunch box
type
The apple onthe tree in my garden
type
COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
Components of an Ontology
Relations
Apple
Pome
Fruit
sub class of
sub class of
Pear
sub class of
Elstar GoldenDelicious
sub class ofsub class of
The apple in my lunch box
type
The apple onthe tree in my garden
type
COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
Components of an Ontology
Relations
Apple
Pome
Fruit
sub class of
sub class of
Pear
sub class of
Elstar GoldenDelicious
sub class ofsub class of
The apple in my lunch box
type
The apple onthe tree in my garden
type
COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
Components of an Ontology
Relations
Apple
Pomesub class of
sub class of
Pear
sub class of
Elstar GoldenDelicious
sub class ofsub class of
The apple in my lunch box
type
The apple onthe tree in my garden
type
COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
Components of an Ontology
Relations
Apple
Pomesub class of
sub class of
Pear
sub class of
Elstar GoldenDelicious
sub class ofsub class of
The apple in my lunch box
type
The apple onthe tree in my garden
type
has colour
red
location
my lunch box
COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
Ontology Languages
Triples
The apple in my lunch box
Apple
Pomesub class of
sub class of
Pear
sub class of
Elstar GoldenDelicious
sub class ofsub class of
type
The apple onthe tree in my garden
type
has colour
red
location
my lunch box
COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
Ontology Languages
Triples
The apple in my lunch box has colour red
COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
Ontology Languages
Triples
The apple in my lunch box has colour red
SUBJECT PREDICATE OBJECT
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Ontology Languages
Triples
SUBJECT PREDICATE OBJECTElstar sub class of AppleElstar label “Elstar”
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Ontology Languages
Triples
SUBJECT PREDICATE OBJECTElstar sub class of AppleElstar label “Elstar”Apple label “Apple”Apple total production 69,569,612
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Ontology Languages
RDF(Resource Description Framework)
SUBJECT PREDICATE OBJECTElstar sub class of AppleElstar label “Elstar”Apple label “Apple”Apple total production 69,569,612
URI (or blank node) URI
URILiteral(number/string)
http://example.com/Elstar http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://example.com/Appleex:Elstar rdfs:subClassOf ex:Apple
COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
VocabulariesRDF W3C Conceptual Description Method
RDFS W3C Basic elements for Ontologies
OWL W3C Ontologies
Dublin Core DCMI Metadata Discovery
AgroVoc FAO Food, Nutrition, Fisheries, Forestry, ...
Ontology of Measures FBR Units, Quantities, Scales, ...
Friend Of A Friend FOAF Biographic data, relations, ...
Gene Ontology GO consortium Gene and gene product attributes
Ontology of Astronomical Object Types IVOA Astronomical object Types
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DataDBpedia Data taken from info boxes in
Wikipedia
Geonames Geographical information
BBC Programmes TV Programmes, series, ...
DBLP Computer Science Bibliography Bibliographic metadata
DrugBank Chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical data
data.gov.uk Public data related to policy
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Data
And Many More
PUBLIC DATA SETS
and
Not so public data sets
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LINKED OPEN DATA
Remember URIs?
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LINKED OPEN DATA
http://dbpedia.org/page/Nijmegen
Remember URIs?
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs
http://sws.geonames.org/2750053/
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LINKED OPEN DATA
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WorldFact-book
JohnPeel
(DBTune)
Pokedex
Pfam
US SEC(rdfabout)
LinkedLCCN
Europeana
EEA
IEEE
ChEMBL
SemanticXBRL
SWDogFood
CORDIS(FUB)
AGROVOC
OpenlyLocal
Discogs(Data
Incubator)
DBpedia
yovisto
Tele-graphis
tags2condelicious
NSF
MediCare
BrazilianPoli-
ticians
dotAC
ERA
OpenCyc
Italianpublic
schools
UB Mann-heim
JISC
MoseleyFolk
SemanticTweet
OS
GTAA
totl.net
OAI
Portu-guese
DBpedia
LOCAH
KEGGGlycan
CORDIS(RKB
Explorer)
UMBEL
Affy-metrix
riese
business.data.gov.
uk
OpenData
Thesau-rus
GeoLinkedData
UK Post-codes
SmartLink
ECCO-TCP
UniProt(Bio2RDF)
SSWThesau-
rus
RDFohloh
Freebase
LondonGazette
OpenCorpo-rates
Airports
GEMET
P20
TCMGeneDIT
Source CodeEcosystemLinked Data
OMIM
HellenicFBD
DataGov.ie
MusicBrainz
(DBTune)
data.gov.ukintervals
LODE
Climbing
SIDER
ProjectGuten-berg
MusicBrainz
(zitgist)
ProDom
HGNC
SMCJournals
Reactome
NationalRadio-activity
JP
legislationdata.gov.uk
AEMET
ProductTypes
Ontology
LinkedUser
Feedback
Revyu
GeneOntology
NHS(En-
AKTing)
URIBurner
DBTropes
Eurécom
ISTATImmi-gration
LichfieldSpen-ding
SurgeRadio
Euro-stat
(FUB)
PiedmontAccomo-dations
NewYork
Times
Klapp-stuhl-club
EUNIS
Bricklink
reegle
CO2Emission
(En-AKTing)
AudioScrobbler(DBTune)
GovTrack
GovWILDECS
South-amptonEPrints
KEGGReaction
LinkedEDGAR
(OntologyCentral)
LIBRIS
OpenLibrary
KEGGDrug
research.data.gov.
uk
VIVOCornell
UniRef
WordNet(RKB
Explorer)
Cornetto
medu-cator
DDC DeutscheBio-
graphie
Wiki
Ulm
NASA(Data Incu-
bator)
BBCMusic
DrugBank
Turismode
Zaragoza
PlymouthReading
Lists
education.data.gov.
uk
KISTI
UniPathway
Eurostat(OntologyCentral)
OGOLOD
Twarql
MusicBrainz(Data
Incubator)
GeoNames
PubChem
ItalianMuseums
Good-win
Familyflickr
wrappr
Eurostat
Thesau-rus W
OpenLibrary(Talis)
LOIUS
LinkedGeoData
LinkedOpenColors
WordNet(VUA)
patents.data.gov.
uk
GreekDBpedia
SussexReading
Lists
MetofficeWeatherForecasts
GND
LinkedCT
SISVU
transport.data.gov.
uk
Didac-talia
dbpedialite
BNB
OntosNewsPortal
LAAS
ProductDB
iServe
Recht-spraak.
nl
KEGGCom-pound
GeoSpecies
VIVO UF
LinkedSensor Data(Kno.e.sis)
lobidOrgani-sations
LEM
LinkedCrunch-
base
FTS
OceanDrillingCodices
JanusAMP
ntnusc
WeatherStations
Amster-dam
Museum
lingvoj
Crime(En-
AKTing)
Course-ware
PubMed
ACM
BBCWildlifeFinder
Calames
Chronic-ling
America
data-open-ac-uk
OpenElection
DataProject
Slide-share2RDF
FinnishMunici-palities
OpenEI
MARCCodesList
VIVOIndiana
HellenicPD
LCSH
FanHubz
bibleontology
IdRefSudoc
KEGGEnzyme
NTUResource
Lists
PRO-SITE
LinkedOpen
Numbers
Energy(En-
AKTing)
Roma
OpenCalais
databnf.fr
lobidResources
IRIT
theses.fr
LOV
Rådatanå!
DailyMed
Taxo-nomy
New-castle
GoogleArt
wrapper
Poké-pédia
EURES
BibBase
RESEX
STITCH
PDB
EARTh
IBM
Last.FMartists
(DBTune)
YAGO
ECS(RKB
Explorer)
EventMedia
STW
myExperi-ment
BBCProgram-
mes
NDLsubjects
TaxonConcept
Pisa
KEGGPathway
UniParc
Jamendo(DBtune)
Popula-tion (En-AKTing)
Geo-WordNet
RAMEAUSH
UniSTS
Mortality(En-
AKTing)
AlpineSki
Austria
DBLP(RKB
Explorer)
Chem2Bio2RDF
MGI
DBLP(L3S)
Yahoo!Geo
Planet
GeneID
RDF BookMashup
El ViajeroTourism
Uberblic
SwedishOpen
CulturalHeritage
GESIS
datadcs
Last.FM(rdfize)
Ren.EnergyGenera-
tors
Sears
RAE2001
NSZLCatalog
Homolo-Gene
Ord-nanceSurvey
TWC LOGD
Disea-some
EUTCProduc-
tions
PSH
WordNet(W3C)
semanticweb.org
ScotlandGeo-
graphy
Magna-tune
Norwe-gian
MeSH
SGD
TrafficScotland
statistics.data.gov.
uk
CrimeReports
UK
UniProt
US Census(rdfabout)
Man-chesterReading
Lists
EU Insti-tutions
PBAC
VIAF
UN/LOCODE
Lexvo
LinkedMDB
ESDstan-dards
reference.data.gov.
uk
t4gminfo
Sudoc
ECSSouth-ampton
ePrints
Classical(DB
Tune)
DBLP(FU
Berlin)
Scholaro-meter
St.AndrewsResource
Lists
NVD
Fishesof
TexasScotlandPupils &Exams
RISKS
gnoss
DEPLOY
InterPro
Lotico
OxPoints
Enipedia
ndlna
Budapest
CiteSeer
Media
Geographic
Publications
User-generated content
Government
Cross-domain
Life sciences
As of September 2011
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