w'fmd'i' - doenets.lk · fuu únd.fha m%;sm, u; ksl=;a flfrk iy;slh" wiia...

- i -

w'fmd'i'(id'fm<) úNd.h - 2012

we.hSï jdr®;dj

81 - lDIslr®uh yd wdydr ;dlaIKh

CurriculumAssessment

&Evaluation

Teaching LearningN E T S

mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok YdLdjcd;sl we.hSï yd m¯ÈK fiajdjY%S ,xld úNd. fomdr®;fïka;=j

- ii -

ishÆ u ysñlï weú˙◊'

lDIslr®uh yd wdydr ;dlaIKh

we.hSï jdr®;dj - w'fmd'i'^id'fm<& úNd.h - 2012

uQ,H wkq.%yh

wkd.; ±kqï flakaøSh moku f,i mdi,a moaO;sh

m%;sksr®udKh ls¯fï jHdmD;sh (TSEP-WB) u.sks'

- iii -

ye`†kaùu

Á ,xldfõ m%isoaO úNd. w;=˙ka jeä u wh≥ïlrejka ixLHdjla fmkS isákafka w'fmd'i'îd'fm<& úNd.h i|yd h' cd;sl uÜgñka meje;afjk fuu úNd.fha m%;sM, u; ksl=;a flfrk iy;slh" Wiia wOHdmkh

i|yd iq≥iaika f;dard .ekSug muKla fkdj uOHu uÜgfï /lshd wjia:d ,nd.ekSug o cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r úYajúoHd,j, iuyr mdGud,d ye≤¯ug uQ,sl iq≥iqlula f,i ie,flk ñkqï oKavla jYfhka o ms<s.efka' fuf,i ms<s.efkkafka fuu úNd.fha we;s j,x.=;dj yd úYajiH;dj fuka u by< .=Kd;aul nj o fya;=fjks' fuu úNd.fhka Wiia idOk uÜgula ,nd .ekSu i|yd isiqyq o Tjqkaf.a tu wfmalaId imqrd,Su i|yd .=rejre yd fouõmsfhda o ±ä fjfyila or;s' fuu we.hSï jdr®;dj ilia lr we;af;a Tjqkaf.a tu wfmalaId bgqlr.ekSu ms◊i Á ,xld úNd. fomdr®;fïka;=fõ iydh °ula jYfhks' fuu we.hSï jdr®;dfõ we;=<;a f;dr;=re úNd. wfmalaIlhskag" .=re Nj;=kag" ú≥y,am;sjrekag" .=re WmfoaYl uy;au uy;aókag" úIhNdr wOHlaIjrekag" fo.=rekag yd wOHdmk mr®fhaIlhskag tl fia m%fhdackj;a jkq fkdwkqudk h' fï ksid fuu jdr®;dj jeä ms˙ilf.a m˙YS,kh i|yd mqia;ld,hg fhduq ls¯u jvd;a iq≥iq fõ'

fuu we.hSï jdr®;dj fldgia ;=klska hqla; jk w;r úIh wNsu;dr®: iy úIh idOkh ms<sn| ixLHdkuh f;dr;=re o fuu úIhfhys m%Yak m;% weiqfrka wh≥ïlrejkaf.a idOkh" tla tla m%Yakh iòyd fjka fjkaj o fuys ˚ fldgfiys we;=<;a fõ' we.hSï yd m¯ÈK fÈa;%fha Ndú; jk iïNdjH m¯ÈK kHdh ^Classical Test Theory& iy whs;u m%;spdr kHdh Îtem Response Theory& mokï lrf.k" úNd. fomdr®;fïka;=fõ mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok YdLdj u`.ska fuu úYaf,aIK is≥lr we;' lDIslr®uh yd wdydr ;dlaIKh úIhfhys ˚ yd ˚˚ m%Yak m;% i|yd wfmalaIs; ms<s;=re" ,l=Kq °fï mámdá" ms<s;=re iemhSu ms<sn| ks¯laIK" ks.uk yd m%;sfmdaIKh iòyd jQ fhdackdj,ska fuu jdr®;dfjys ˚˚ fldgi iukaú; fõ'

m%Yak m;%j, tla tla m%Yakhg ms<s;=re iemhSfï ° wfmaCIlhka ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq o bf.kqï b.ekaùï ldr®hh ms<sn| woyia yd fhdackd o fuu jdr®;dfjys ˚˚˚ fldgfiys we;=<;a lr we;' úúO ksmqK;d yd tu ksmqK;d uÜgïj,g <Ûdùu i|yd bf.kqï yd b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh ixúOdkh lr.; hq;= wdldrh ms<sn| j fuhska uy;a msájy,la ,efnkq we;ehs is;ñ'

fuu jdr®;dfõ .=Kd;aul nj jeä †hqKq ls¯u i|yd M,∞hS woyia yd fhdackd wm fj; fhduqlrk f,i b,a,ñ' fuu jdr®;dj ilia ls¯u i|yd lem jQ md,l m¯Èljreka we;=Ω iïm;a ∞hlhskag;a RD wdlD;shg wkqj f;dr;=re iemhQ m%Odk$ w;sfr®l m%Odk$ iyldr m¯laIljrekag;a Á ,xld úNd. fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ks,Od¯ka we;=Ω ldr®h uKav,fha ishÆ u fokdg;a udf.a yDohx.u ia;+;sh m< lrñ'

ví,sõ'tï'tka'f–' mqIaml=udr

úNd. flduid˙ia ckrd,a

2013 fkdjeïnr® 10

mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok YdLdj"

cd;sl we.hSï yd m¯CIK fiajdj"

YS% ,xld úNd. fomdr®;fïka;=j"

me,j;a;"

n;a;ruq,a,'

- iv -

WmfoaYl;ajh ( ví,sõ'tï'tka'f–' mqIaml=udr

úNd. flduid˙ia ckrd,a

fufyhùu yd ixúOdkh ( .hd;s% wfí.=Kfialr

úNd. flduid˙ia

^mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok&

iïnkaëlrKh ( fla'ta'tÉ'tÉ' l=remamq

iyldr úNd. flduid˙ia

ixialrKh ( ouhka;s nd,iQ˙h

wOHdmk wOHÈ ^lDIslr®uh&

wOHdmk wud;HdxYh'

mS' ù' tia' ã' is˙jr®Ok

úY%dñl ksfhdacH wOHdmk wOHÈ ^lDIslr®uh&

fla'ta'tÉ'tÉ' l=remamq

iyldr úNd. flduid˙ia

ieliqï lñgqj ( bkaødks wfíúl%u

ksfhdacH wOHdmk wOHÈ

m<d;a wOHdmk fomdr®;fïka;=j

niakdysr m<d;

iqfka;%d fiakdkdhl

Wm.=re

ls˙¢je, uOH uyd úoHd,h

m˙.Kl msgm; ieliqu ( bfrdaId nkavdr

o;a; igyka l%shdlre

´' tï' ã' fiõjka†

o;a; igyka l%shdlre

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we;=<; msgq

msgq wxlh

I fldgi

1. úIh wNsu;dr®: yd úIh idOkh ms<sn| f;dr;=re

1.1 úIh wNsu;dr®: 1

1.2 úIh idOkh ms<sn| ixLHdkuh f;dr;=re

1.2.1 úIh i|yd fmkS isá wh≥ïlrejka ixLHdj 2 1.2.2 wh≥ïlrejka fY%a◊ ,ndf.k we;s wdldrh 2 1.2.3 m%:ujrg fmkS isá mdi,a wh≥ïlrejka fY%a◊

,ndf.k we;s wdldrh - †ia;%slal wkqj 3 1.2.4 m%:ujrg fmkS isá mdi,a wh≥ïlrejka fY%a◊

,ndf.k we;s wdldrh - wOHdmk l,dm wkqj 4 1.2.5 ,l=Kq ,ndf.k we;s wdldrh - mka;s m%dka;r wkqj 7

1.3 úIh idOkh ms<sn| úYaf,aIKh

1.3.1 I m%Yak m;%h i|yd idOkh 8 1.3.2 II m%YAk m;%fhys m%Yak f;dardf.k we;s wdldrh 9 1.3.3 II m%Yak m;%fhys m%Yak i|yd ,l=Kq ,ndf.k we;s wdldrh 9 1.3.4 II m%YAk m;%h i|yd idOkh 10

II fldgi

2. m%Yak yd ms<s;=re iemhSu ms<sn| f;dr;=re

2.1 I m%Yak m;%h yd ms<s;=re iemhSu ms<sn| f;dr;=re

2.1.1 I m%Yak m;%fha jHQyh 13 2.1.2 I m%Yak m;%h 14 2.1.3 I m%Yak m;%h i|yd wfmaÈs; ms<s;=re yd ,l=Kq °fï mámdáh 18 2.1.4 I m%Yak m;%hg ms<s;=re iemhSu ms<sn| ks¯ÈK ^úIh fCIa;% wkqj& 19 2.1.5 I m%Yak m;%fha tla tla m%Yakfhys jrK f;dard we;s wdldrh

- m%;sY; f,i 20 2.1.6 I m%Yak m;%hg ms<s;=re iemhSu ms<sn| iuia; ks¯ÈK" ks.uk

yd fhdackd 21

2.2 II m%Yak m;%h yd ms<s;=re iemhSu ms<sn| f;dr;=re

2.2.1 II m%YAk m;%fha jHQyh 22 2.2.2 II m%Yak m;%h i|yd wfmaÈs; ms<s;=re" ,l=Kq °fï mámdáh"

ms<s;=re iemhSu ms<sn| ks¯ÈK" ks.uk yd fhdackd 23

III fldgi

3. ms<s;=re iemhSfï ° ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq yd fhdackd

3.1 ms<s;=re iemhSfï ° ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq 43 3.2 bf.kqï yd b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh ms<sn| woyia yd fhdackd 44

- 1 -

I fldgi

1' úIh wNsu;dr®: yd úIh idOkh ms<sn| f;dr;=re

1'1 úIh wNsu;dr®:

fuu mdGud,dj ye≤¯fuka YsIHhd"

* m%dfoaYshj iq,N iïm;a lDIsldr®ñl lghq;= i|yd M,∞hS yd ;sridr f,i

Ndú; ls¯ug fhduqfjhs'

* lDIslr®u lafIa;%fhys we;s jHjidhl;aj udr®. y∫kd .ekSug wjia:dj

i,id .kshs'

* m˙ir ys;ldó f,i lDIsldr®ñl lghq;= ls¯ug yqrefjhs'

* kj lDIs;dlaI◊l l%fudamdhka y∫kd .ekSug yd Ndú;hg wjia:dj i,id

.kshs'

* lDIs lafIa;%fha ksr®udKlrKhg wjia:dj ,nd .kshs'

* lDIs lafIa;%hg iïnkaO úúO mqoa.,hka yd wdh;k iuÛ lghq;= lrhs'

* lDIs lafIa;%fha is≥jk fjkiaùïj,g wkqjr®;kh fjhs'

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1.2 úIh idOkh ms<sn| ixLHdkuh f;dr;=re

1.2.1 úIh i|yd fmkS isá wh≥ïlrejka ixLHdj

udOHh mdi,a fm!oa.,sl tl;=j

isxy, 48498 1341 49839

fou< 13083 2944 16027

bx.%Sis 0 10 10

tl;=j 61581 4295 65876

j.=j 1

1.2.2 wh≥ïlrejka fY%A◊ ,ndf.k we;s wdldrh

fY%a◊hmdi,a wh≥ïlrejka

fm!oa.,sl

wh≥ïlrejka tl;=j m%;sY;h

ixLHdj m%;sY;h ixLHdj m%;sY;h

A 4886 7.93 137 3.19 5023 7.62

B 5160 8.38 212 4.94 5372 8.15

C 14536 23.60 791 18.42 15327 23.27

S 21316 34.61 1773 41.28 23089 35.05

W 15683 25.48 1382 32.17 17065 25.91

tl;=j 61581 100 4295 100 65876 100

j.=j 2

- 3 -

1.2.3 m%:ujrg fmkSisá mdi,a wh≥ïlrejka fY%a◊ ,ndf.k we;s wdldrh - †ia;%slal wkqj

†ia;%slalh

fmkS

isá

ixLHdj

úYsIag

iïudk

idur®:Hh

(A) ,enQ

wê

iïudk

idur®:Hh

(B) ,enQ

iïudk

idur®:Hh

(C) ,enQ

idudkH

idur®:Hh (S) ,enQ

iu;a

^A+B+C+S&

≥r®j,

(W)

ixL

Hdj

]

ixL

Hdj

]

ixL

Hdj

]

ixL

Hdj

]

ixL

Hdj

]

ixL

Hdj

]

1' fld<U 1737 183 10.54 168 9.67 375 21.59 512 29.48 1238 71.27 499 28.73

2' .ïmy 3757 289 7.69 249 6.63 758 20.18 1280 34.07 2576 68.57 1181 31.43

3' lΩ;r 2503 257 10.27 220 8.79 594 23.73 826 33.00 1897 75.79 606 24.21

4' uykqjr 3666 422 11.51 336 9.17 904 24.66 1118 30.50 2780 75.83 886 24.17

5' ud;f,a 1590 112 7.04 131 8.24 344 21.64 548 34.47 1135 71.38 455 28.62

6' kqjrt<sh 2146 88 4.10 115 5.36 428 19.94 737 34.34 1368 63.75 778 36.25

7' .d,a, 2256 222 9.84 176 7.80 466 20.66 763 33.82 1627 72.12 629 27.88

8' ud;r 2231 378 16.94 231 10.35 522 23.40 611 27.39 1742 78.08 489 21.92

9' yïnkaf;dg 2123 195 9.19 226 10.65 535 25.20 718 33.82 1674 78.85 449 21.15

10' hdmkh 1304 91 6.98 100 7.67 313 24.00 446 34.20 950 72.85 354 27.15

11' ls,sfkdÉÑ 586 21 3.58 31 5.29 88 15.02 167 28.50 307 52.39 279 47.61

12' ukakdru 413 47 11.38 43 10.41 125 30.27 142 34.38 357 86.44 56 13.56

13' jõkshdj 967 125 12.93 123 12.72 282 29.16 300 31.02 830 85.83 137 14.17

14' uq,;sõ 737 12 1.63 22 2.99 108 14.65 228 30.94 370 50.20 367 49.80

15' uvl,mqj 1924 191 9.93 187 9.72 481 25.00 604 31.39 1463 76.04 461 23.96

16' wïmdr 2328 152 6.53 209 8.98 611 26.25 778 33.42 1750 75.17 578 24.83

17' ;%sl=Kdu,h 1083 70 6.46 91 8.40 216 19.94 387 35.73 764 70.54 319 29.46

18' l=reKE., 5255 529 10.07 581 11.06 1420 27.02 1719 32.71 4249 80.86 1006 19.14

19' mq;a;,u 1594 123 7.72 128 8.03 439 27.54 585 36.70 1275 79.99 319 20.01

20' wkqrdOmqrh 3154 247 7.83 313 9.92 785 24.89 1056 33.48 2401 76.13 753 23.87

21' fmdf<dkakrej 1889 110 5.82 184 9.74 489 25.89 666 35.26 1449 76.71 440 23.29

22' n≥,a, 3171 281 8.86 302 9.52 808 25.48 1089 34.34 2480 78.21 691 21.79

23' fudKrd., 2212 150 6.78 182 8.23 544 24.59 723 32.69 1599 72.29 613 27.71

24' r;akmqrh 3230 240 7.43 299 9.26 685 21.21 1048 32.45 2272 70.34 958 29.66

25' lE.,a, 2552 262 10.27 280 10.97 651 25.51 805 31.54 1998 78.29 554 21.71

iuia; †jhsk 54408 4797 8.82 4927 9.06 12971 23.84 17856 32.82 40551 74.53 13857 25.47

j.=j 3

- 4 -

1.2.4 m%:ujrg fmkS isá mdi,a wh≥ïlrejka fY%A◊ ,ndf.k we;s wdldrh - wOHdmk l,dm wkqj

wOHdmk l,dmh

fmkS

isá

ixLHdj

úYsIag

iïudk

idur®:Hh

(A) ,enQ

wê

iïudk

idur®:Hh

(B) ,enQ

iïudk

idur®:Hh

(C) ,enQ

idudkH

idur®:Hh

(S) ,enQ

iu;a

^A+B+C+S&

≥r®j,

(W)

ixL

Hdj

]

ixL

Hdj

]

ixL

Hdj

]

ixL

Hdj

]

ixL

Hdj

]

ixL

Hdj

]

1' fld<U 287 46 16.03 26 9.06 54 18.82 65 22.65 191 66.55 96 33.45

2' fydaud.u 648 54 8.33 58 8.95 173 26.70 185 28.55 470 72.53 178 27.47

3' Y%S chjr®Okmqr 470 48 10.21 51 10.85 90 19.15 163 34.68 352 74.89 118 25.11

4' ms<shkao, 332 35 10.54 33 9.94 58 17.47 99 29.82 225 67.77 107 32.23

5' .ïmy 958 81 8.46 72 7.52 177 18.48 321 33.51 651 67.95 307 32.05

6 ñkqjkaf.dv 1101 103 9.36 82 7.45 260 23.61 392 35.60 837 76.02 264 23.98

7' ó.uqj 908 77 8.48 64 7.05 187 20.59 309 34.03 637 70.15 271 29.85

8' le,◊h 790 28 3.54 31 3.92 134 16.96 258 32.66 451 57.09 339 42.91

9' lΩ;r 788 56 7.11 56 7.11 176 22.34 288 36.55 576 73.10 212 26.90

10' u;=.u 866 112 12.93 96 11.09 243 28.06 249 28.75 700 80.83 166 19.17

11' fydrK 849 89 10.48 68 8.01 175 20.61 289 34.04 621 73.14 228 26.86

12' uykqjr 966 226 23.40 93 9.63 223 23.08 253 26.19 795 82.30 171 17.70

13' fokqjr 514 43 8.37 58 11.28 139 27.04 159 30.93 399 77.63 115 22.37

14' .ïfmd, 608 48 7.89 32 5.26 145 23.85 192 31.58 417 68.59 191 31.41

15' f;,afoKssh 468 28 5.98 42 8.97 119 25.43 150 32.05 339 72.44 129 27.56

16' j;af;a.u 491 24 4.89 42 8.55 92 18.74 172 35.03 330 67.21 161 32.79

17' lgq.iaf;dg 619 53 8.56 69 11.15 186 30.05 192 31.02 500 80.78 119 19.22

18' ud;f,a 658 63 9.57 58 8.81 133 20.21 236 35.87 490 74.47 168 25.53

19' .f,afj, 683 39 5.71 51 7.47 159 23.28 228 33.38 477 69.84 206 30.16

20' kdW, 101 5 4.95 9 8.91 27 26.73 36 35.64 77 76.24 24 23.76

21' ú,a.uqj 148 5 3.38 13 8.78 25 16.89 48 32.43 91 61.49 57 38.51

22' kqjrt<sh 553 15 2.71 21 3.80 82 14.83 206 37.25 324 58.59 229 41.41

23' fld;auf,a 267 17 6.37 18 6.74 55 20.60 91 34.08 181 67.79 86 32.21

24' yegka 596 6 1.01 23 3.86 108 18.12 213 35.74 350 58.72 246 41.28

25' j,mfka 342 14 4.09 17 4.97 71 20.76 111 32.46 213 62.28 129 37.72

26' yÛ=rkafl; 388 36 9.28 36 9.28 112 28.87 116 29.90 300 77.32 88 22.68

27' .d,a, 853 118 13.83 76 8.91 174 20.40 262 30.72 630 73.86 223 26.14

28' we,amsáh 450 33 7.33 29 6.44 116 25.78 147 32.67 325 72.22 125 27.78

29' wïn,kaf.dv 519 27 5.20 42 8.09 88 16.96 205 39.50 362 69.75 157 30.25

30' Wvq.u 434 44 10.14 29 6.68 88 20.28 149 34.33 310 71.43 124 28.57

31' ud;r 564 111 19.68 53 9.40 120 21.28 139 24.65 423 75.00 141 25.00

32' wl=/iai 577 131 22.70 78 13.52 138 23.92 141 24.44 488 84.58 89 15.42

33' uq,áhk-ylauK 468 74 15.81 51 10.90 134 28.63 126 26.92 385 82.26 83 17.74

34' fudrjl-fokshdh 622 62 9.97 49 7.88 130 20.90 205 32.96 446 71.70 176 28.30

- 5 -

wOHdmk l,dmh

fmkS

isá

ixLHdj

úYsIag

iïudk

idur®:Hh

(A) ,enQ

wê

iïudk

idur®:Hh

(B) ,enQ

iïudk

idur®:Hh

(C) ,enQ

idudkH

idur®:Hh

(S) ,enQ

iu;a

^A+B+C+S&

≥r®j,

(W)

ixL

Hdj

]

ixL

Hdj

]

ixL

Hdj

]

ixL

Hdj

]

ixL

Hdj

]

ixL

Hdj

]

35' ;x.,a, 665 63 9.47 71 10.68 179 26.92 217 32.63 530 79.70 135 20.30

36' yïnkaf;dg 973 86 8.84 101 10.38 226 23.23 339 34.84 752 77.29 221 22.71

37' j,iauq,a, 485 46 9.48 54 11.13 130 26.80 162 33.40 392 80.82 93 19.18

38' hdmkh 365 43 11.78 33 9.04 83 22.74 110 30.14 269 73.70 96 26.30

39' ¥m;a 45 3 6.67 3 6.67 6 13.33 17 37.78 29 64.44 16 35.56

40' f;kaudrÉÑ 330 18 5.45 32 9.70 89 26.97 107 32.42 246 74.55 84 25.45

41' j,slduï 455 23 5.05 29 6.37 107 23.52 172 37.80 331 72.75 124 27.25

42' jvurÉÑ 109 4 3.67 3 2.75 28 25.69 40 36.70 75 68.81 34 31.19

43' ls,sfkdÉÑ 586 21 3.58 31 5.29 88 15.02 167 28.50 307 52.39 279 47.61

44' ukakdru 311 46 14.79 34 10.93 94 30.23 98 31.51 272 87.46 39 12.54

45' uvq 102 1 0.98 9 8.82 31 30.39 44 43.14 85 83.33 17 16.67

46' jõkshdj ol=K 780 111 14.23 100 12.82 218 27.95 239 30.64 668 85.64 112 14.36

47' jõkshdj W;=r 187 14 7.49 23 12.30 64 34.22 61 32.62 162 86.63 25 13.37

48' uq,;sõ 434 7 1.61 13 3.00 62 14.29 130 29.95 212 48.85 222 51.15

49' ;=kqlaldhs 303 5 1.65 9 2.97 46 15.18 98 32.34 158 52.15 145 47.85

50' uvl,mqj 563 103 18.29 65 11.55 142 25.22 167 29.66 477 84.72 86 15.28

51' l,al=vd 540 20 3.70 37 6.85 135 25.00 179 33.15 371 68.70 169 31.30

52' m†˙mamq 634 56 8.83 55 8.68 162 25.55 196 30.91 469 73.97 165 26.03

53' uvl,mqj uOHu 58 4 6.90 19 32.76 11 18.97 16 27.59 50 86.21 8 13.79

54' uvl,mqj niakdysr 129 8 6.20 11 8.53 31 24.03 46 35.66 96 74.42 33 25.58

55' wïmdr 814 43 5.28 73 8.97 263 32.31 250 30.71 629 77.27 185 22.73

56' l,auqfka 298 41 13.76 46 15.44 63 21.14 84 28.19 234 78.52 64 21.48

57' iuka;=frhs 296 22 7.43 25 8.45 67 22.64 106 35.81 220 74.32 76 25.68

58' uyTh 232 4 1.72 14 6.03 54 23.28 91 39.22 163 70.26 69 29.74

59' foysw;a;lKaäh 405 6 1.48 15 3.70 77 19.01 158 39.01 256 63.21 149 36.79

60' wlalfrhsm;a;=j 25 5 20.00 3 12.00 10 40.00 6 24.00 24 96.00 1 4.00

61' ;srelafldaú,a 258 31 12.02 33 12.79 77 29.84 83 32.17 224 86.82 34 13.18

62' ;%sl=Kdu,h 213 17 7.98 22 10.33 51 23.94 78 36.62 168 78.87 45 21.13

63' uq;+r® 423 36 8.51 38 8.98 81 19.15 132 31.21 287 67.85 136 32.15

64' lka;f,a 155 5 3.23 9 5.81 31 20.00 71 45.81 116 74.84 39 25.16

65' lskakshd 189 10 5.29 21 11.11 34 17.99 76 40.21 141 74.60 48 25.40

66' ;%sl=Kdu,h W;=r 103 2 1.94 1 0.97 19 18.45 30 29.13 52 50.49 51 49.51

67' l=reKE., 976 88 9.02 76 7.79 213 21.82 343 35.14 720 73.77 256 26.23

68' l=,shdmsáh 819 82 10.01 105 12.82 230 28.08 260 31.75 677 82.66 142 17.34

69' ksljeráh 946 109 11.52 129 13.64 271 28.65 285 30.13 794 83.93 152 16.07

70' uyj 942 95 10.08 89 9.45 266 28.24 311 33.01 761 80.79 181 19.21

71' .s˙W,a, 813 95 11.69 104 12.79 243 29.89 247 30.38 689 84.75 124 15.25

72' bínd.uqj 759 60 7.91 78 10.28 197 25.96 273 35.97 608 80.11 151 19.89

- 6 -

wOHdmk l,dmh

fmkS

isá

ixLHdj

úYsIag

iïudk

idur®:Hh

(A) ,enQ

wê

iïudk

idur®:Hh

(B) ,enQ

iïudk

idur®:Hh

(C) ,enQ

idudkH

idur®:Hh

(S) ,enQ

iu;a

^A+B+C+S&

≥r®j,

(W)

ixL

Hdj

]

ixL

Hdj

]

ixL

Hdj

]

ixL

Hdj

]

ixL

Hdj

]

ixL

Hdj

]

73' mq;a;,u 751 56 7.46 59 7.86 214 28.50 254 33.82 583 77.63 168 22.37

74' y,dj; 843 67 7.95 69 8.19 225 26.69 331 39.26 692 82.09 151 17.91

75' wkqrdOmqrh 793 74 9.33 81 10.21 184 23.20 233 29.38 572 72.13 221 27.87

76' ;Uq;af;a.u 665 56 8.42 70 10.53 184 27.67 215 32.33 525 78.95 140 21.05

77' lelsrdj 543 59 10.87 49 9.02 117 21.55 186 34.25 411 75.69 132 24.31

78' .f,kaì∫Kqjej 600 34 5.67 61 10.17 171 28.50 225 37.50 491 81.83 109 18.17

79' leì;sf.d,a,Ej 553 24 4.34 52 9.40 129 23.33 197 35.62 402 72.69 151 27.31

80' fmdf<dkakrej 470 45 9.57 55 11.70 124 26.38 151 32.13 375 79.79 95 20.21

81' ysÛ=rlaf.dv 725 27 3.72 62 8.55 168 23.17 266 36.69 523 72.14 202 27.86

82' †Uq,d., 694 38 5.48 67 9.65 197 28.39 249 35.88 551 79.39 143 20.61

83' n≥,a, 659 80 12.14 72 10.93 163 24.73 219 33.23 534 81.03 125 18.97

84' nKavdrfj, 698 82 11.75 70 10.03 175 25.07 202 28.94 529 75.79 169 24.21

85' uyshx.kh 803 58 7.22 64 7.97 192 23.91 295 36.74 609 75.84 194 24.16

86' je,suv 722 38 5.26 68 9.42 195 27.01 270 37.40 571 79.09 151 20.91

87' miair 289 23 7.96 28 9.69 83 28.72 103 35.64 237 82.01 52 17.99

88' fudKrd., 775 53 6.84 57 7.35 196 25.29 239 30.84 545 70.32 230 29.68

89' je,a,jdh 837 49 5.85 66 7.89 188 22.46 273 32.62 576 68.82 261 31.18

90' ìì, 600 48 8.00 59 9.83 160 26.67 211 35.17 478 79.67 122 20.33

91' r;akmqr 995 110 11.06 99 9.95 209 21.01 281 28.24 699 70.25 296 29.75

92' n,kaf.dv 759 56 7.38 83 10.94 187 24.64 240 31.62 566 74.57 193 25.43

93' ksú;s., 751 33 4.39 67 8.92 151 20.11 252 33.56 503 66.98 248 33.02

94' weô,smsáh 725 41 5.66 50 6.90 138 19.03 275 37.93 504 69.52 221 30.48

95' lE.,a, 901 150 16.65 125 13.87 231 25.64 252 27.97 758 84.13 143 15.87

96' udjke,a, 647 50 7.73 58 8.96 157 24.27 201 31.07 466 72.02 181 27.98

97' foys´úg 1004 62 6.18 97 9.66 263 26.20 352 35.06 774 77.09 230 22.91

iuia; †jhsk 54408 4797 8.82 4927 9.06 12971 23.84 17856 32.82 40551 74.53 13857 25.47

j.=j 4

- 7 -

1.2.5 ,l=Kq ,ndf.k we;s wdldrh - mka;s m%dka;r wkqj

mka;s m%dka;rh ixLHd;hixLHd;

m%;sY;h

iuqÉÑ;

ixLHd;h

iuqÉÑ; ixLHd;

m%;sY;h

91 - 100 305 0.46 65876 100.00

81 - 90 1586 2.41 65571 99.54

71 - 80 3607 5.48 63985 97.13

61 - 70 6119 9.29 60378 91.65

51 - 60 10227 15.52 54259 82.37

41 - 50 13681 20.77 44032 66.84

31 - 40 15356 23.31 30351 46.07

21 - 30 10371 15.74 14995 22.76

11 - 20 4182 6.35 4624 7.02

01 - 10 438 0.66 442 0.67

00 - 00 4 0.01 4 0.01

j.=j 5

by; j.=fjka f;dr;=re ,nd .kakd wdldrh my; i|yka W∞yrKfhka fmkajd ° we;'

W∞ ( 31 - 40 mka;s m%dka;rh

fuu úIhh i|yd 31 - 40 m%dka;rh ;=< ,l=Kq ,nd .;a YsIH ixLHdj 15356 ls' th

m%;sY;hla jYfhka 23.31% ls' ,l=Kq 40 fyda Bg wvqfjka ,nd we;s YsIH ixLHdj 30351 la

jk w;r" th m%;sY;hla jYfhka 46.07% ls'

- 8 -

1.3 úIh idOkh ms<sn| úYaf,aIKh

1.3.1 I m%Yak m;%h i|yd idOkhw

'fm

d'i

'^i

d'fm

<&

úN

d.h

- 2

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81

-

lDI

slr

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yd

wdy

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m%Y

akj

, m

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h

myiq;d or®Ylh

m%Y

ak w

xlh

0.0

0.1

0.8

0.9

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0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

m%ia;dr

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mdar

ufhk

a ,nd.

;a f

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fuu m

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fhk

a f;dr

;=re ,nd .k

akd wdl

drh m

y; i

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a W∞yrK

fhk

a fmk

ajd ° w

e;'

W∞ ( f

uys w

h≥ïl

rej

ka j

eä u

ixL

Hdj

la k

sjer

† j

ms<s;=re imhd we;

af;a 1

m%Yak

hg h

' tys m

%;sY;h 8

6%l

s' tfuk

a u w

h≥ïl

rej

ka

wvq u

ixL

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la k

sjer

† j

ms<s;=re imhd we;

af;a 7

m%Yak

hg h

' tys m

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3% l

s'

- 9 -

1.3.2 II m%Yak m;%fhys m%Yak f;dardf.k we;s wdldrh

m%ia;drh 2 ^RD/16/02/OL fmdarufhka ,nd.;a f;dr;=re weiq˙ka ilia lrk ,°'&

w'fmd'i'^id'fm<& úNd.h - 201281 - lDIslr®uh yd wdydr ;dlaIKh - ˚˚ m;%h

m%Yak f;dardf.k we;s wdldrh

100

90

m%Yak wxlh

m%;

sY;

h

60

50

80

40

20

70

30

10

01 4 72 53 6

1.3.3 II m%Yak m;%fhys m%Yak i|yd ,l=Kq ,ndf.k we;s wdldrh

m%ia;drh 3 ^RD/16/02/OL fmdarufhka ,nd.;a f;dr;=re weiq˙ka ilia lrk ,°'&

64210

40

20

60

90

10

50

80

30

70

100

753

w'fmd'i'^id'fm<& úNd.h - 201281 - lDIslr®uh yd wdydr ;dlaIKh - ˚˚ m;%h

m%Yak i|yd ,l=Kq ,ndf.k we;s wdldrh ^,l=Kq m%dka;r wkqj&

m%;

sY;

h

m%Yak wxlh

,l=Kq m%dka;rh

fuu m%ia;drfhka f;dr;=re ,nd .kakd wdldrh

my; i|yka W∞yrKfhka fmkajd ° we;'

W∞ ( fuys 1 m%Yakh wksjdr®h jqj o" iqΩ ms˙ila

thg ms<s;=re imhd fkdue;' ms<s;=re imhd

we;s m%;sY;h 99% ls' wvqu m%;sY;hla

f;dardf.k we;af;a 3 m%Yakhhs' tu m%Yakh

f;dard .ekSfï m%;sY;h 51% ls'

fuu m%ia;drfhka f;dr;=re

,nd .kakd wdldrh my;

i|yka W∞yrKfhka fmkajd

° we;'

W∞ ( fuys 1 m%Yakh i|yd

fjka lr we;s ,l=Kq

m%udKh 20 ls' tu

,l=Kqj,ska" 76 - 100%

m%dka;rfha tkï ,l=Kq

16 - 20 f;la ,nd.;a

m%;sY;h 8%ls' ,l=Kq 0 - 25% m%dka;rfha tkï

,l=Kq 0 - 5 f;la ,nd.;a

m%;sY;h 27% ls'

- 10 -

1.3.4 II m%Yak m;%h i|yd idOkh

m<

uqj

k m

%Yak

fh

a fl

dgi

a yd

wk

qfl

dgi

a

myiq;d or®Ylh

w'f

md'i

'^i

d'fm

<&

úN

d.h

- 2

012

81

-

lDI

slr

®uh

yd

wdy

dr ;

dlaI

Kh

˚˚

m;

%fh

a m<

uqj

k

m%Y

akfh

a fl

dgi

aj,

my

iq;

d or

®Yl

h

m%ia;dr

h 4

'1 (

RD

/16/

04/O

L f

mdar

ufhk

a ,nd.

;a f

;dr

;=re wei

q˙k

a il

ia l

rk

,°')

fuu m

%ia;dr

fhk

a f;dr

;=re ,nd .k

akd wdl

drh m

y; i

|yk

a W∞yrK

fhk

a fmk

ajd ° w

e;'

W∞ ( 1

m%Yak

fhys (

iii) f

ldg

fiys m

yiq;dj

37%

la j

k w

;r (

ix) f

ldg

fiys m

yiq;dj

48%

ls'

- 11 -

m%ia;dr

h 4

'2

m%Y

akh

fl

dgi

a yd

wk

q fl

dgi

a

w'f

md'i

'^i

d'fm

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d.h

- 2

012

81

-

lDI

slr

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yd

wdy

dr ;

dlaI

Kh

˚˚

m;

%fh

a m%Y

akj

, t

la t

la f

ldg

fi

ys m

yi

q;d

or

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h

myiq;d or®Ylh

- 12 -

II fldgi

2. m%YAk yd ms<s;=re iemhSu ms<sn| f;dr;=re

2.1 ˚ m%YAk m;%h yd ms<s;=re iemhSu ms<sn| f;dr;=re

2.1.1 ˚ m%YAk m;%fha jHQyh

ld,h meh 01 ls' uqΩ ,l=Kq 40 ls'

Ú jrK y;rla iys; nyqjrK m%Yak 40 lska iukaú; fõ' tu tla tla m%Yakhg °

we;s (1), (2), (3) yd (4) jrKj,ska ksjer† fyda jvd;a .e<fmk fyda jrKh f;a¯u

wfmaCId flfr®'

Ú iïmQr®K úIh ksr®foaYhu wdjrKh jk m˙† m%Yak ilia lr we;'

Ú m%Yak ish,a,g u ms<s;=re iemhsh hq;=h'

- 13 -

2.1.2 ˚ m%YAk m;%h

- 14 -

- 15 -

- 16 -

- 17 -

2.1.3 ˚ m%Yak m;%h i|yd wfmaÈs; ms<s;=re yd ,l=Kq °fï mámdáh

m%Yak ms<s;=r m%Yak ms<s;=r wxlh wxlh

01' ''''''''' 21' '''''''''

02' ''''''''' 22' '''''''''

03' ''''''''' 23' '''''''''

04' ''''''''' 24' '''''''''

05' ''''''''' 25' '''''''''

06' ''''''''' 26' '''''''''

07' ''''''''' 27' '''''''''

08' ''''''''' 28' '''''''''

09' ''''''''' 29' '''''''''

10' ''''''''' 30' '''''''''

11' ''''''''' 31' '''''''''

12' ''''''''' 32' '''''''''

13' ''''''''' 33' '''''''''

14' ''''''''' 34' '''''''''

15' ''''''''' 35' '''''''''

16' ''''''''' 36' '''''''''

17' ''''''''' 37' '''''''''

18' ''''''''' 38' '''''''''

19' ''''''''' 39' '''''''''

20' ''''''''' 40' '''''''''

4

1

1

3

4

4

2

1

4

3

4

1

2

1

3

3

2

2

2

4

4

2

1

3

2

2

3

4

3

2

1

3

1

2

3

3

2

3

2

2

ksjer† tla ms<s;=rlg ,l=Kq 01 ne.ska uqΩ ,l=Kq 40 ls'

- 18 -

2.1.4 ˚ m%Yak m;%hg ms<s;=re iemhSu ms<sn| ks¯CIK ^úIh fCIa;%h wkqj& (

w'fmd'i'^id'fm<& úNd.h - 201281 - lDIslr®uh yd wdydr ;dlaIKh

˚ m;%fha m%Yak i|yd ksjeros ms<s;=re imhd we;s wdldrh

m%;

sY;

h

m%Yak wxl

01

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

1 m;%fha 1, 3, 9, 11 yd 30 m%Yak i|yd ms<sfj<ska 86% la" 78% la" 76% la" 85% la yd 83% f,i

wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka 75% lg jeä m%;sY;hla ksjer†j ms<s;=re imhd ;snqKs' tfiau tys 5, 7, 8, 21 yd

22 m%Yak i|yd ms<sfj,ska 28% la" 23% la" 28% la" 28% la yd 24% la f,i ms<s;=re imhd ;snqfKa

wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka 30% lg wvq m%;sY;hls'

myiq;dj jeäu m%Yakh

tys myiq;dj

1

86%

myiq;dj wvqu m%Yakh

tys myiq;dj

7

23%

- 19 -

2.1.5 ˚ m%Yak m;%fha tla tla m%Yakfhys jrK f;dard we;s wdldrh - m%;sY; f,i

m%Yakwxlh

ksjer† jrKh

tla tla jrKh f;dard we;s YsIH m%;sY;h

1 2 3 4 1 4 6% 5% 3% 86% 2 2 10% 65% 19% 6% 3 1 78% 12% 7% 3% 4 3 15% 8% 51% 26% 5 2 37% 28% 14% 21% 6 2 8% 44% 31% 17% 7 3 3% 3% 23% 71% 8 4 59% 7% 7% 27% 9 3 5% 11% 76% 8%10 2 7% 48% 31% 14%11 1 85% 3% 2% 10%12 3 23% 21% 52% 4%13 1 33% 21% 25% 21%14 2 20% 36% 18% 26%15 3 9% 16% 66% 9%16 3 43% 12% 36% 9%17 2 10% 68% 16% 6%18 3 12% 14% 50% 24%19 2 10% 66% 15% 9%20 2 10% 67% 6% 17%21 4 14% 41% 16% 29%22 1 24% 38% 20% 18%23 1 57% 13% 13% 17%24 3 2% 39% 52% 7%25 4 11% 41% 13% 35%26 4 14% 15% 24% 47%27 2 10% 68% 8% 14%28 1 41% 28% 12% 19%29 4 37% 10% 13% 40%30 3 6% 6% 83% 5%31 4 22% 10% 12% 56%32 1 53% 21% 7% 19%33 2 20% 53% 9% 18%34 1 36% 36% 14% 14%35 3 13% 31% 38% 18%36 3 13% 20% 50% 17%37 2 39% 42% 15% 4%38 2 13% 51% 32% 4%39 2 20% 31% 39% 10%40 4 20% 34% 12% 34%

tla tla m%Yakh hgf;a ksjer† jrKh f;dard we;s YsIH m%;sY;h w∫re lr olajd we;'

- 20 -

2.1.6 ˚ m%Yak m;%hg ms<s;=re iemhSu ms<sn| iuia; ks¯CIK" ks.uk yd fhdackd (

m%Yak wxl 1" 11 yd 30 m%Yak i|yd ms<sfj<ska" 86%, 85%, yd 83% la ksjer† jrK f;dardf.k we;'

1 m%Yakhg ° we;s jrK isiqka úiska meye†<sj wjfndaO lrf.k we;s nj fmfka' isiqka jeä ms˙ilg

hemqï lDIslr®uh yd jdksc lDIslr®uh ms<sn| j ukd wjfndaOhla we;' 11 m%Yakh o wh≥ïlrejka b;d

myiqfjka ksjer† ms<s;=r f;dard we;s m%Yakhls' lDIsldr®ñlj jvd;a ys;lr mdxY= „ùka ms<sn| j isiqka

jeä ms˙ila ±kqj;a ù we;' 30 m%Yakh i|yd ° we;s igyk fyd¢ka wOHhkh ls¯fuka wh≥ïlrejka

b;d myiqfjka ifudaOdksl f.dúfmd<l we;s m%Odk tall y∫kdf.k" m%Yakhg ksjer†j ms<s;=re

imhd we;'

5 m%Yakfha ksjer† ms<s;=r jk" 2 jrKh f;dardf.k we;af;a wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka 28% la jk

w;r jer† jrKhla jk 1 jrKh wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka 37% la f;dard we;' fuhg m%Odk fya;=j jkafka

mqIamSlrKh yd m%Nd wjê ixfõ°;dj ms<sn| isiqka ;=< we;s wjfndaOh m%udKj;a fkdùuhs' tneúka

bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sfha ° fuu lreKq ms<sn| meye†,s yd ksrjq,a wjfndaOhla isiqka yg ,nd †h

hq;= fõ'

7 m%Yakfhys ksjer† ms<s;=r 3 jrKh jqj;a th f;dardf.k we;af;a wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka 28%

mu◊' wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka 71% la u jer† ms<s;=rla jk 4 jk jrKh f;dard we;' iq<x †Yd or®Ylh

iïnkaOfhka fuu m%Yakh wid we;s w;r ksjer† ms<s;=re iemhSu wju uÜgul mej;=ks' fuhska

meye†,s jkafka isiqkag fï ms<sn| m%dfhda.sl ±kqu u| njhs' kshñ; WmlrK mdi,aj, fkdue;s

wjia:dj, ° wkqfhda.S WmlrK ilia ls¯fuka fyda fÈ;% pd˙ld uÛska isiqka yg m%dfhda.sl w;a±lSï

,nd °ug .=re Nj;=ka fhduq úh hq;=h' fuu WmlrKh isiqkag b;d myiqfjka ksr®udKh l< yelsjk

ksid m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlula f,i fyda ld<.=◊l uOHia:dkhl ° fyda fuu w;a±lSu ,nd †h

yelsh'

8 m%Yakh i|yd ksjer† jrKh f;dard we;af;a wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka 27% ls' wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka

59% la jer† jrKhla jQ 1 jrKh f;dard we;' cEï ksIamdokfha ° fhd∞ .kakd øjH ms<sn|j wid we;s

kuq;a ta ms<sn| meye†<s wjfndaOhla isiqka yg fkdue;s nj fmkS hhs' fï iïnkaOj .=re udr®f.dmfoaY

ix.%yfhys olajd we;s m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlï weiqfrka w∞< úIh lreKq ;yjqre jk m˙† bf.kqï

b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh ixúOdkh lr.; hq;=h'

13 m%Yakh" i;aj frda. iïnkaOfhka úuid we;' ta i|yd ksjer† ms<s;=r" 1 jrKh jk w;r

th f;dard we;af;a wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka 33% la mu◊' tΩ yd .j frda. ms<sn|j ±kqu yd wjfndaOh

fkdue;s ùu ksid" wh≥ïlrejka úiska b;s˙ jrK o ms<sfj<ska 21%, 25% yd 21% jYfhka f;dard

f.k we;' tu ksid i;a;aj frda. ms<sn| ±kqu yd wjfndaOh ,nd°fï° tΩ mÈd.d;h jeks úfYaI

frda. fndajk wdldrh ms<sn|j jeä wjOdkhla fhduq l< hq;=hs'

14 m%Yakh fhduqlr we;af;a ls˙ „jdkqyrKh yd meiag¯lrKh ms<sn|jhs' isiqka 36% la ksjer†

jrKh f;dard we;s w;r jer† jrKh f;a¯ï 20%, 18% yd 26% f,i fõ' fuhska meye†,s jkafka

meiag¯lrK yd „jdkqyrK l%shdj,s ms<sn| j meye†<s wjfndaOhla isiqkag fkdue;s njhs' 11 fYa%◊fha

.=re udr®f.damfoaY ix.%yfhys 10.10 ksmqK;d uÜgug kshñ; f;dr;=re f.dkqj m˙YS,kh lrñka

ixikaokd;aul wOHhkhlg isiqka fhduq l< hq;=h'

16 m%Yakh i;a;aj wdydr ix>gl iïnkaOfhks' fuu m%Yakhg ksjer† ms<s;=r imhd we;af;a

wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka 36% ls' Tjqqkaf.ka 43% la u ldfndayhsfâ%Ü ix>glh f,i mqkaklal= f;dard we;'

fuhska fmkS hkafka i;aa;aj wdydr i,dlhlg fh†h hq;= ix>gl ms<sn|j ksrjq,a wjfndaOhla isiqkag

fkdue;s njhs' 11 fY%a◊fha .=re udr®f.damfoaYfhys 10.2 yd 10.4 ksmqK;d uÜgïj,g wø<j lKavdhï

.fõIK wjia:dj, ° i;a;aj wdydr ix>gl ms<sn|j isiq wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=h' ;jo" fm<fmd;a

m˙YS,kh ls¯ug o isiqka fhduq l< hq;=h'

- 21 -

21 m%Yakh j,a me<Eá md,kh iïnkaOfhka ieliS we;' ta i|yd ksjer† jrKh f;dard we;af;a

29% mu◊' isiqkaf.ka 41% la u f;dard we;af;a" ridhksl l%uhhs' ridhksl m<sfndaO md,kfha we;s

wys;lr n,mEï ms<sn| iy ksjer† l%uh jk taldnoaO m<sfndaO md,kfha we;s ys;lr nj ms<sn| j

isiqka ;=< wjfndaOh wvq nj fmkS hhs' ridhksl m<sfndaO md,kh ksid jr®;udkfha mek ke.S we;s

nrm;, fi!LH .egÆ yd m˙ir ¥IKh ie,ls,a,g .ksñka taldnoaO m<sfndaO md,kfha jeo.;alu

;yjqre l< hq;=h'

jgmKq wdidokh ms<sn| wid ;snQ 22 m%Yakhg" ksjer† jrKh 1 jqj;a th f;dard we;af;a 24% la

mu◊' isiqkaf.ka 38% la uq,aj, .eá;s mej;Sug fya;=j" khsá%cka ;srlrk nelaà˙hd nj ie,ls,a,g

f.k we;s nj fmkS hhs' jgmKq ydkshg ,la jQ ksú;s wd° Ydlj, uq,aj, .eá;s i;H ksor®Yl u.ska

fyda mska;+r u.ska isiqkag fmkajd †h hq;= w;r khsg%cka ;sr lrk uQ, .eá;s we;s jkafka rks, Ydl

uq,aj, muKla nj isiqkag ;yjqre jk m˙† b.ekaùï l< hq;=h'

25 m%Yakh" fnda. j.d ls¯u ms<sn| m%dfhda.sl m%Yakhls' ksjer† jrKh 4 jqj;a" th f;dard we;af;a

wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka 35% la mu◊' tu ksid úúO fnda. jr®. j.d ls¯u uÛska tu md;a;s jr®. .ek

m%dfhda.sl ±kqu yd w;a±lSï isiqkag ,nd †h hq;=h'

W!re megjqkaf.a frda. ms<sn|j wid ;snQ 34 m%Yakfha ksjer† jrKh hlv W!k;dj jqj;a" th

f;dard we;af;a wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka 36% la mu◊' 2 jrKh jk ffjria wdidok o wh≥ïlrejka 36%

la úiska f;dard we;' fï wkqj fmkS hkafka W!rkag we;sjk frda. ms<sn|j meye†,s lrñka fuu úIh

lreKq wjOdrKh l< hq;= njh'

35 m%Yakh i;aj fmdaIKh yd iïnkaO fõ' wdydr i,dlj,g tlalrk uQ,sl fmdaIH m∞r®:

imhk i;aj wdydr .ek isiqkag ±kqu wvq nj fmkS hhs' ksjer† jrKh jk 3 ms<s;=r 38% la úiska

f;dard we;' yd,a ksjqvq fm%daàka idkaø wdydrhla fkdjk nj;a udÆ l=vq" fm%daàka idkaø wdydrhla nj;a

isiqka meye†<sj fkd okakd nj fmfka' tneúka isiqkag i;aj fmdaIKh yd iïnkaO wdydr jr®.SlrKh

ms<sn|j meye†,s ±kqula ,nd°u jeo.;a fõ'

m<sfndaOkdYl jr®.SlrKh ms<sn| ±kqu m¯Èd ls¯ug ,nd ° we;s 39 m%Yakfha ksjer† jrKh

jk 2 jk ms<s;=r 31% la f;dardf.k we;' .egΩfõ §ixia:dksl¶hk jpkfha f;areu fkd±k isàu

ksjer† ms<s;=r f;a¯ug ndOdjla ù we;s nj fmfka tneúka m<sfndaOkdYl jr®.SlrKh ms<sn| úIh

lreKq ;yjqre jk m˙† b.ekaúh hq;=h'

40 m%Yakh Ydl fmdaIl wdY%fhka ieliS we;' ms<s;=r jk 4 jrKh wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka 34% la

fuka u" 2 jk ms<s;=r o wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka 34% la f;dard we;' fuhska fmkS hkafka isiqkag Èqø

fmdaIl yd uyd fmdaIl ms<sn| ±kqu yd wjfndaOh ,nd †h hq;= njhs'

- 22 -

2'2 ˚˚ m%YAk m;%h yd ms<s;=re iemhSu ms<sn| f;dr;=re

2'2'1 ˚˚ m%YAk m;%fha jHQyh

ld,h meh 02 hs' uqΩ ,l=Kq 60 ls'

m<uqjk m%Yakh wksjdr®h jk w;r' th flá ms<s;=re iemhSfï wkq fldgia 10 lska

iukaú;h' tu m%Yakhg ,l=Kq 20 la ysñ fõ'

wfkla m%Yak yh jHqy.; yd wr®O jHqy.; jr®.fha jk w;r bka m%Yak y;rlg muKla

ms<s;=re iemhSu wfmalaId flfr®' tla m%Yakhlg ,l=Kq 10 ne.ska uqΩ ,l=Kq 40 la ysñ

fõ'

II m;%hg wjidk ,l=Kq = 60

- 23 -

2.2.2 ˚˚ m%Yak m;%h i|yd wfmaÈs; ms<s;=re" ,l=Kq °fï mámdáh" ms<s;=re iemhSu ms<sn|

ks¯ÈK" ks.uk yd fhdackd

Ú ˚˚ m;%h i|yd ms<s;=re iemhSu ms<sn| ks¯CIK m%ia;dr 2, 3, 4.1, 4.2 yd 4.3 weiqfrka b†˙m;a lr we;' m%Yakhg w∞< m%ia;dr fldgi ta ta m%Yakfha ks¯CIK yd ks.uk iu. olajd we;'

A fldgi - jHqy.; rpkd

1 m%Yakh

01' (i) (a) kÛ=,a jr®.

Ú ;eá kÛ=,

Ú yev ,E,s kÛ=, ^fuda,a fnda,aâ kÛ=,& (,l=Kq 1 x 1 = 01)

(b) leg fmdä ls¯fï lDIs WmlrKh

Ú fldl= kÛ=,

Ú ;eá fmdarej

Ú frdgfõgrh (,l=Kq 1 x 1 = 01)

(ii) fhda.H ls˙.j jr®.h

Ú cr®is

Ú iska†

Ú i.sjd,a

Ú AMZ

Ú hqfrdamh" foaYSh fouqyqu

Ú hqfrdamSh" bka°h fouqyqu (,l=Kq 1 x 1 = 01)

- 24 -

(iii) rks, t<jΩ fnda.

Ú uE

Ú oU,

Ú fndxÑ

Ú nqIsgdfjda

Ú wjr (,l=Kq 1 x 2 = 02)

(iv) m<;=re fnda.

Ú wkakdis

Ú flfi,a

Ú mefmd,a

Ú meIkamDÜ

Ú rUqgka

Ú wU (,l=Kq 1 x 2 = 02)

(v) w;=reh;a.Efï l%shdldrlï

Ú j,ame< W≥Ω.Eu

Ú mi nqre,a ls¯u

Ú .ia uq,g mia ±óu

Ú fmdfydr mi iuÛ l<jï ls¯u (,l=Kq 1 x 2 = 02)

(vi) mdxY= ixrÈK l%u

Ú ifudaÉP l%uhg jeá ±óu

Ú ifudaÉP ldkq ±óu

Ú ifudaÉP j.dj

Ú ifudaÉP l%uhg ìï ieliSu

Ú mi jiqka ls¯u

Ú wdjrK fnda. j.dj

Ú mig ldnksl øjH tl;= ls¯u

Ú wju ìï ieliSu (,l=Kq 1 x 3 = 03)

(vii) ridhksl øjH

Ú bkafvda,a weisála wï,h

Ú bkafvda,a ìhqá%la wï,h

Ú filafgd

Ú rEfgdaka (,l=Kq 1 x 2 = 02)

(viii) W∞iSk mila ùug

yqKq tl;= ls¯u

Ú le,aishï ldnfkaÜ

Ú le,aishï yhsfv%dlaihsâ

Ú le,aishï Tlaihsâ

Ú fvd,uhsÜ

Ú ismams lgq (,l=Kq 1 x 1 = 01)

- 25 -

(ix) ldnksl fmdfydr fh°fï jdis

Ú fnda.j,g wjYH ishÆu fmdaIH m∞r®: ,eîu'

Ú mi nqre,aùu'

Ú jd;kh †hqKqùu'

Ú c, wjfYdaIKh yd c,h rπ .ekSu jeäùu'

Ú laIqø„ù l%shd ls¯u jeäùu'

Ú mi lΩùu ksid ;dm wjfYdaIKh jeäùu'

Ú mdxY= Ldokh wvqùu'

Ú mfia legdhk yqjudre Od˙;dj jeãu' (,l=Kq 1 x 4 = 04)

(x) i;a;aj fnda. udre f.dúm<l jdis

Ú i;a;aj ksIamdok yd fnda. ksIamdok tljr ,nd.; yelsùu'

Ú i;a;aj u, øjH fmdfydr f,i ,nd.; yelùu'

Ú N+ñh urejk ksid j,ame< md,kh'

Ú wjodku yd wvudkh wvqùu'

Ú mi ireùu'

Ú lïlrejkaf.ka Wm˙u m%fhdack .ekSu'

Ú ;DK jeùu ksid th ixrÈKh ùu'

Ú frda. yd m<sfndaO md,kh myiqùu'

Ú lDIsldr®ñl lghq;= i|yd i;=ka fhd∞.; yelsùu'

Ú „j jdhq ksIamdokhg wuqøjH imhd.; yels ùu' (,l=Kq 1 x 3 = 03)

1 m%Yakhg ms<s;=re iemhSu ms<sn| iuia; ks¯CIK" ks.uk yd fhdackd (

1 m%Yakh wksjdr®hh jqj;a ms<s;=re imhd we;af;a 99% l

ms ils' fuu m%Yakh i|yd ,l=Kq 20 la ysñ fõ'

,l=Kq 0 - 5 m%dka;rfha 27% la o




,l=Kq ,ndf.k we;'

fuu m%Yakh i|yd ,l=Kq 16 fyda Bg jvd ,nd.;a ms˙i

8%la jk w;r" wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka 27% la ,ndf.k

we;af;a ,l=Kq 5 fyda Bg wvqfjks'

m%Yakh i|yd ,l=Kq ,nd we;s wdldrh

- 26 -

fuu m%Yakhg fldgia 10 la we;' tajd w;=frka myiq;dj jeä u fldgi iv fõ' tys myiq;dj 68%ls' tfia u myiq;dj wvq u fldgi jkafka vii h' tys myiq;dj 31%ls'

myiq;dj

1 m%Yakfhys fldgia yd wkq fldgia

m%Yakfha fldgia yd wkq fldgiaj, myiq;dj

fuu m%Yakh úIh ksr®foaYfha ksmqK;d jeä m%udKhla wdjrKh jk m˙† ilid we;' by< myiq;d

or®Yl jk 68% l yd 66% fmkakqï lrkafka iv yd x hk fldgiah' iv m%Yakhg w∞< w;=re fnda.

j.dj †jhsfka m%dfhda.sl j olakg ,efnk neúka wh≥ïlrejka myiqfjka yd ksjer† j ms<s;=re

imhd we;' x fldgig w∞< ms<s;=re iemhSug wjYH ±kqu yd wjfndaOh fm<fmd; m˙YS,kh

u.ska ;j ≥rg;a ixjr®Okh l< yelsh'

vii fldgfia myiq;d or®Ylh 31% la ùug fya;=j m%dfhda.sl ls%hdldrlïj, fh°fï °" ms<s;=rg

w∞< ridhksl øjH Ndú; fkd ls¯u úh yelsh' úIh lreKq ksrjq,aj isiqkag ,efnk m˙† .=re

udr®f.damfoaY ix.%yhg wkqj b.ekaùu;a fm<fmd; m˙YS,khg isiqka fhduq ls¯u;a jeo.;a fõ'

iii fldgig ksjer† ms<s;=re imhd we;af;a isiqka 37% la mu◊' Ydl l=, yd tajdg W∞yrK

ms<sn| ±kqu m%udKj;a fkd jk nj fuhska fmkS hhs' fnda. jr®.SlrKhg w∞< l%shdldrlï i„ù

ksor®Yl weiqfrka l%shd;aul ls¯u wjYH fõ'

iv, x, vii, iii hk fldgia yereKq úg lDIs WmlrK" ìï ieliSï' mdxY= ixrÈKh yd ldnksl

fmdfydr wdY%fhka wid we;s fiiq fldgia ms<sn| j ksmqK;dj ,nd .ekSug bf.kqï b.ekaùï

l%shdj,sfha ° kHdhsl ±kqu yd m%dfhda.sl yelshd ,nd °ug;a fm< fmd; m˙YS,khg isiqka fhduq

ls¯ug;a fÈ;% ks¯ÈK pd˙ld i|yd;a" fhduq úh hq;=h'

- 27 -

2 m%Yakh

02' (i) (a) ms˙is≥ ls˙ ksIamdokh i|yd fhd∞.; yels l%shdudr®.

ls˙ f∞jkakdf.a ms˙iq≥lu

Ú fyd¢ka w;a fia°u" nq,;aúg fkdlEu

Ú i;a;aj u, øjH fmdfydr f,i ,nd.; yelsùu' (,l=Kq 1/2 x 2 = 01)

.j .df,a ms˙is≥ nj

Ú ueiaikaf.ka f;dr ùu" f.du uq;%d bj;alr .ekSu

Ú wmøjHj,ska f;r úh<s ;;a;ajfhka ;sîu'

.jhdf.a ms˙is≥ nj

Ú f.du Y¯rfha ;ej¯ ;sfíkï ms˙is≥ ls¯u'

Ú nqre,a, fia°u" j,s.h .eg .eiSu' (,l=Kq 1/2 x 4 = 02)

ls˙ Ndckj, ms˙is≥ nj

Ú ls˙ Ndck fyd¢ka WKq c,fhka fida∞ úh<d ;eîu

Ú kshñ; Ndck Ndú;h (,l=Kq 1/2 x 2 = 01)

(b) ls˙ ksIamdokh

Ú uqojmq ls˙" óls˙

Ú Öia

Ú fhda.Ü (,l=Kq 1/2 x 2 = 01)

(ii) /lalùug iq≥iq ì;a;rj, ,ÈK

Ú wêl f.da,dldr fkdùu yd ´j,dldr yevh'

Ú †k 5 lg jvd mrK fkdjQ ì;a;r'

Ú ixfiaÑ; ì;a;r ùu'

Ú úYd, fyda l=vd fkdùu' ^.%Eï 55 - .%Eï 65&

Ú ì;a;r lgqj iqug ùu' mÆ≥ rys;ùu'

Ú lgqj wêlj >kùu fyda ;=kSùu is≥ fkdùu'

Ú jr®.hg w∞< wdfõ◊l jr®Kh ;sîu'

Ú jd; fldaIh m%udKhg jvd úYd, fkdùu' (,l=Kq 1/2 x 4 = 02)

(iii) (a) /f,ka bj;a lrk wjia:d

Ú ì;a;r f;dark wjia:dfõ °

Ú ì;a;r rlaljk wjia:dfõ °

Ú megjdg †kla jhie;s wjia:dfõ °

Ú megjqka jefvk wjia:dfõ °

Ú kEïìhka wjia:dfõ °

Ú ì;a;r ouk wjia:dfõ ° (,l=Kq 1/2 x 4 = 02)

- 28 -

(b) /f,ka bj;a ls¯fï jdis

Ú ksfrda.S l=l=Ω rxpqjla ,nd .ekSu

Ú wdydr b;s˙ lr .ekSug yelsùu

Ú bvlv b;s˙ lr .ekSug yelsùu

Ú frda. fndaùu wvqlr .; yelsùu

Ú iq≥iq i;=kag jeä myiqlï i,id °ug yelsùu

Ú f.úmf,ys ldr®Èu;dj yeäùu

Ú ksIamdokj, .=Kd;auh jeäùu

Ú lïlre Y%uh yd ld,h b;s˙ ùu (,l=Kq 1/2 x 2 = 01)


2 m%Yakh f;dardf.k we;af;aa 89% la mu◊'

fuu m%Yakhg ysñ ,l=Kq 10 ls'

bka ,l=Kq 0 - 2 m%dka;rfha 19% la

,l=Kq 3 - 5 m%dka;rfha 39% la



jYfhka ,l=Kq ,ndf.k we;'

fuu m%Yakhg 17%l ms˙ila ,l=Kq 8 fyda Bg

jvd ,nd we;s w;r" wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka 19%la u

,ndf.k we;af;a ,l=Kq 2 fyda Bg wvqfjks'


myiq;dj


m%Yakfha fldgia yd wkq fldgiaj, myiq;dj fuu m%Yakfha wkqfldgia 5 la we;'

tajd w;=frka myiq;dj jeä u wkq

fldgi (i)(b) fõ' tys myiq;dj

91%ls' tfiau myiq;dj wvq u

wkqfldgi jkafka (iii)(a) h' tys

myiq;dj 26%ls'

- 29 -

fuu m%Yakfhys" i fldgiska ms˙is≥ ls˙ ksIamdokh i|yd wkq.ukh l< hq;= l%shdudr®. ms<sn|

wjfndaOh o" ii fldgiska /lalùu i|yd iq≥iq ì;a;rj, ,CIK y≥kd .ekSfï yelshdj o" iii fldgiska kqiq≥iq mCISka msg,Efï wjia:d y≥kd .ekSfï yelshdj o uekSu wfmaCId flfr®'

fuu m%Yakh" isiqka jeäu m%udKhla tkï isiqkaf.ka 89% l m%;sY;hla f;dard f.k we;s m%Yakhhs'

m%Yakfha wkq fldgia w;˙ka" i b wkq fldgi i|yd wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka 91% la ksjer† ms<s;=re

iemhSug iu;aj we;' tfukau iii b wkq fldgi i|yd" wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka 76% la ksjer† ms<s;=r

,nd ° we;' fï wkqj fmkS hkafka" i b iy iii b wkq fldgiaj,g w∞< úIh lreKq isiqkag myiq

ù we;s njh' fuu m%Yakfhys wkq fldgia weiq˙ka" isiqkag jvd;a ≥Ialr ù we;af;a" iii a wkq fldgih' ta i|yd ksjer† ms<s;=r imhd we;af;a" isiqkaf.ka 26% la ;rï iqΩ m%;sY;hls' m%Yakfha

fuu fldgiska wfmaCId lr ;snqfKa" l=l=<ka msg,Efï wjia:d y≥kd .ekSfï yelshdj jk kuq;a"

wjia:d fjkqjg isiqka fya;= b†˙m;a lr ;snq◊' úIh b.ekaùfï °" fuu úIh lreK meye†,s j

wjia:d iy fya;= f,i fjka fjka j wjOdrKh lr fkd;sîu" óg fya;= jQjd úh yelsh'

m%Yakhg fjka lr we;s ,l=Kq 10 ka" ,l=Kq 0-2 mka;s m%dka;rh ;=< isiqkaf.ka 19% la o" ,l=Kq

3-5 mka;s m%dka;rh ;=< isiqkaf.ka 39% la o" jYfhka ,l=Kq 5 g wvqfjka ,nd .;a isiq ms˙i" uqΩ

YsIH ixLHdfjka 58% ls' fuhska fmkS hkafka fuh fndfyda ms˙ila f;dard .;a m%Yakhla jqj o

isiqkaf.a ,l=Kq ,nd .ekSu by< uÜgul fkd ;snQ njhs' úIh lreKq ms<sn|j" isiqkaf.a wjfndaOh

m%udKj;a uÜgul fkd mj;sk nj fuhska meye†<s fõ' tu ksid" i;a;aj md,kh b.ekaùfï °"

m%dfoaYSh mY= ffjoH ldr®hd,j, iydh ,nd .ekSu yd f.dúm< fCIa;% pd˙ld ixúOdkh ls¯u

;=<ska isiqkag jvd;a m%dfhda.sl bf.kqï w;aoelSï ,nd °u l< hq;=h' tfuka u bf.kqï b.ekaùï

l%shdj,sfha °" ùäfhda or®Yk" i;a;aj md,kh ms<sn| ,shejqKq fmd;a yd m;%sld fuka u fm< fmd;

o" m˙YS,kh ls¯ug isiqka Wkka≥ l< hq;=h'

3 m%Yakh

- 30 -

03' (i) fmdfydr jr®.

(a) ñhq˙fhaÜ Tµa fmdgEIa

(b) ;%s;aj iqmr® fmdiafmaÜ

(c) hQ˙hd (,l=Kq 02)

(ii) (a) uQ, øjH 3 Ú khsá%cka

Ú fmdiamria

Ú fmdgEishï (,l=Kq 01)

(b) ridhksl fmdfydrj,ska Wm˙u m%fhdack ,nd .ekSu

Ú fmdfydr fnda.fha uq,a úysfok ≥˙ka fh°u

Ú th mia iu. ñY% ls¯u

Ú c,h fh°u

Ú jiqkla fh°u

Ú j,ame< md,kh ls¯u

Ú fmdfydr iu. ldnksl øjH ñY% lr fh°u

Ú wvq m%udK j,ska jeä jdr .Kkl ° fmfydr fh°u (,l=Kq 1 x 2 = 02)

(iii) (a) fhd∞ .kakd øjH

Ú i;a;aj yd Ydluh øjH

Ú fnda. wjfYaI

Ú l=iaisfhka bj;,k øjH" ±j wΩ (,l=Kq 1/2 x 2 = 02)

(b) †rdm;aùu blauka ls¯u

Ú mer◊ fldïfmdiaÜ ñY% ls¯u

Ú hQ˙hd ñY% ls¯u

Ú f;;ukh wdrÈd ls¯u

Ú jd;kh †hqKq ls¯u

Ú f.dv fmr<Su

Ú .j uq;%d tl;= ls¯u (,l=Kq 1/2 x 2 = 02)

(c) f.dv fmr,Sfï

1 fmr,Su - mqrjd i;s 2 lska

2 fmr,Su - mqrjd i;s 4 lska

3 fmr,Su - mqrjd i;s 6 lska (,l=Kq 1) uqΩ ,l=Kq10

- 31 -


3 m%Yakh f;dardf.k we;af;a 51% ls' fuu

m%Yakh i|yd uqΩ ,l=Kq 10 la ysñ fõ'

bka ,l=Kq 0 - 2 m%dka;rfha 29%la

,l=Kq 3 - 5 m%dka;rfha 43%la

,l=Kq 6 - 7 m%dka;rfha 19%la

,l=Kq 8 - 10 m%dka;rfha 9%la o

,l=Kq ,ndf.k we;'

fuu m%Yakh i|yd ,l=Kq 8 fyda Bg

jeäfhka ,nd.;a ms˙i 9% la jk w;r" 29% la ,ndf.k we;af;a ,l=Kq 2 fyda Bg jvd

wvqfjks'


myiq;dj


m%Yakfha fldgia yd wkq fldgiaj, myiq;dj fuu m%Yakfha fldgia yd wkq

fldgia 8 la we;' tajd w;=frka

myiq;dj jeä u wkqfldgi (iii)(a) fõ' tys myiq;dj 89% ls' tfia u

myiq;dj wvq u wkqfldgi jkafka

(i)(b) h' tys myiq;dj 20% ls'

- 32 -

fuu m%Yakfha i fldgiska fmdfydr y≥kd .ekSfï yelshdj o" ii fldgiska mQr®K ñY%K kï ls¯fï

yelshdj o iii fldgiska" fldïfmdaiaÜ fmdfydr ksmoùfï yelshdj o wfmaCId lrk ,°'

fuu m%Yakh f;dard f.k we;s isiq m%;sY;h 51% la jk w;r" i a, i b yd iii c ys myiq;d ms<sfj<ska

21% la o" 20% la o" 21% o fõ' i a yd i b, m%Yak fmdfydr y∫kd .ekSfï m%dfhda.sl ±kqu m˙CId

ls¯ug ilia lr ;snq w;r" tu ±kqu b;d wvq nj isiqkaf.a ms<s;=rej,ska wkdjrKh úh' fuhg

fya;=j" mdif,a ° .=rejrhd úiska fmdfydr ksor®Yl ks¯ÈKhg yd tys ,ÈK wOHhkhg isiqka

fhduq fkdls¯u nj yef`.a'

iii c ys wkq fldgfika" fldïfmdaiaÜ f.dvla fmr,Sfï wjia:d i|yka ls¯u wfmaCId flreK o"

ms<s;=re wkqj th m%dfhda.slj mdif,a ° l%shd;aul lr fkdue;s nj" ;yjqre úh' jeä myiq;d or®Yl

we;s fldgia jkqfha" i c, ii a, ii b, iii a yd iii b, hk wkq fldgia jk w;r" tajdfha myiq;d ms<sfj<ska

75%, 46%, 51%, 89% yd 59% ls' fuu myiq;d or®Yl fmkaùug fya;=j f,i j.d ls¯fï ° nyq,j

ldnksl fmdfydr yd hq˙hd Ndú; jk ksid th ms<sn| m%dfhda.sl w;a±lSï isiqkag ióm fyhsks'

fldïfmdaiaÜ ksmoùu ms<sn|j m%dfhda.sl ±kqu ,nd °ug" iEu mdi,lu mdi,a wmøjH m%;splS%lrKh

lr fldïfmdaiaÜ iE°fï úúO l%u" fmr<Sfï wjia:d ms<sn| w;a±lSï ,nd .ekSug isiqkag wjia:d

ie,ish hq;=h'

wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka 72% lau uqΩ ,l=Kq ixLHdfjka 50% lg jvd wvqfjka ,l=Kq ,nd f.k we;'

tksid idOk uÜgu by< ±óug" Ydl jr®Okhg wjYH m%Odk fmdaIl yd mQr®K fmdfydr ñY%K

.ek ±kqu yd wjfndaOh kHdhslj yd m%dfhda.slj ,nd †h hq;=h' bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sfha

M,∞hS;dj jeä ls¯u i|yd fÈa;% m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlï yd wdor®Yk b†˙m;a ls¯u b;d jeo.;a

fõ'

4 m%Yakh

- 33 -

04. (i) miq wiajkq ;dÈKhg wh;a l%shd #-

Ú lafIa;% weis¯u yd m%jdyh

Ú ms˙is≥ ls¯u yd f;a¯u

Ú fYa%◊ .; ls¯u

Ú weis¯u

Ú fj<|fmd< olajd m%jdykh

Ú fj<| fmdf<ys weis¯u yd .nvdlrKh (,l=Kq 1/2 x 4 = 02)

(ii) (a) wdydr m¯ÈKfha jeo.;alu #-

Ú blaukska krlajk iqΩ wdydr l,a ;nd .ekSug yelsùu'

Ú ld,Sk yd w;s˙la; lDIs wiajekak wmf;a hdu je<elaùu'

Ú tu wdydr ck;djf.a fmdaIKhg tla ls¯fuka fmdIK ;;a;ajh kÛd

isgqùu'

Ú m¯ÈKh ksid wdydr úúOdx.SlrKh jk ndysr m˙rlaIs; reÑh jeäùu'

Ú /lshd wjia:d iq,N ùu'

Ú úúO lr®udka; ìysùu ksid rfgys wdr®:slh kexúh yelsùu'

Ú mqoa.,hskaf.aa wúfõlS nj yd wdydr m˙fNdck rgdfõ fjkialïj,g

i˙,k m˙† È◊l wdydr ksmoúh yelsùu'

(,l=Kq 1 x 2 = 02)

(b) wdydr m¯ÈK l%u

Ú úh<Su

Ú meiag¯lrKh

Ú „jdkqyrKh

Ú YS;kh

Ú áka ls¯u

Ú iSks ±óu

Ú ÆKq ±óu

Ú úkdls˙ ±óu

Ú wdydr m˙rÈK fh°u (,l=Kq 1 x 2 = 02)

úia;r ls¯ug (,l=Kq 1 x 1 = 01)

(iii) (a) iQr®h ;dm úh<kh #-

tiúh yels

fmd,s;ska ;Srej

wjr®K

fmd,s;ska

,S má

lΩ fmd,s;ska

lïì

±,

(b) iQr®h ;dm úh<kfha jdis

Ú wdydrhg wmøjH tlaùu j<lajd .ekSu

Ú jr®Kh t;rïu fjkia fkdùu

Ú i;=kaf.ka wdrÈd lr .; yels ùu

Ú ms˙is≥ ksIamdokhka ,nd .; yels ùu

Ú taldld¯ f,i úh,Sula is≥ùu (,l=Kq 1/2 x 2 = 01)

- 34 -


y;r jk m%Yakh f;dardf.k we;af;a 61% ls'

fuu m%Yakhg ,l=Kq 10 la ysñ fõ'





,l=Kq ,ndf.k we;'

fuu m%Yakhg ,l=Kq 8 fyda Bg jeäfhka ,nd.;a

ms˙i 17% la jk w;r" 30%la ,ndf.k we;af;a

,l=Kq 2 fyda Bg wvqfjks'


myiq;dj

4 m%Yakfhys fldgia yd wkqfldgia

m%Yakfha fldgia yd wkq fldgiaj, myiq;dj fuu m%Yakfha wkqfldgia 5 la we;'

tajd w;=frka myiq;dj jeäu wkq

fldgi (ii)(a) jk w;r tys myiq;dj

66%ls' myiq;dj wvqu wkqfldgi

jk (iii)(a) yss myiq;dj 33% ls'

- 35 -

fuu m%Yakfhys i fldgiska" miq wiajkq ;dCIKhg w∞< ls%hdldrlï ls¯fï yelshdj o" ii fldgiska

wdydr m˙rCIKfha jeo.;alu o" iii fldgiska iQr®h ;dm úh,kh kï WmlrKh we| kï ls¯fï

yelshdj o" wfmaCId fl˙ks'

fuu m%Yakh f;dard f.k we;s isiqkaf.a m%;sY;h 61% ls' fuys i, ii a, ii b, iii b hk wkq fldgiaj,

myiq;d ms<sfj,ska 54% la o" 66% la o" 60% la yd 53% la o úh' Bg fya;=j" tu fldgia wdydr

m˙rCIKh yd iïnkaO fyhska idudkH „ú;hg ióm nj;a ±laùu ksidh' wkq fldgiaj,ska

wvq u myiq;d or®Ylh fmkajd we;af;a" iii a jk w;r" tu w.h 33% ls' fuhska wfmaCId lrk

,oafoa" iQr®hh ;dm úh,kh we| kï ls¯uhs' fuh wvq úhoulska b;d myiqfjka iE†h yels ir,

WmlrKhla jqj o" isiqka fuh ±l fkd;snQ nj" Tjqka we| ;snq rEm igykaj,ska meye†,s úh'

iQr®h;dm úh,kh wdydr úh,Su i|yd ksjfia ° Ndú; l< yels" m%fhdackj;a WmlrKhla jk

fyhska" mdif,a ° .=reNj;d úiska" isiqka iu. fuu WmlrKh ilia lr" tys wdydr úh<Su is≥

lrk wdldrh ms<sn|j" isiqkag m%dfhda.sl w;a±lSï ,nd †h hq;=h'

,l=Kq 10 la ysñ fuu m%Yakhg" isiqkaf.ka 62% lau" ,l=Kq 5 g wvqfjka ,nd f.k we;s nj fmkS

hhs' fï wkqj wdydr m˙rCIK l%u yd ta i|yd fhd∞ .kakd WmlrK ms<sn|j;a" w∞< m%dfhda.sl

l%shdldrlï ms<sn|j;a isiqkaf.a oekqu m%udKj;a fkdjk nj" fmfka' by; úIh lreKq t†fk∞

„ú;hg o fndfyda ióm fyhska" myiqfjka .%yKh lr .; yels jk m˙†" m%dfhda.sl ls%hdldrlï

o iys;j bf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh" jeä †hqKq lr .ekSfuka" úIh lreKq ms<sn| wjfndaOh"

by< kexúh yelsh'

5 m%Yakh

- 36 -

05 (i) (a) mdxY= ix>gl

Ú mdxY= L◊c

Ú mdxY= c,h

Ú mdxY= jd;h

Ú mdxY= „ùka

Ú mdxY= ldnksl øjH (,l=Kq 1/2 x 4 = 02)

(b) mdxY= legdhk yqjudre Od˙;dj jeä lr .ekSug

Ú mig ldnksl øjH tl;= ls¯u'

Ú ueá wvq mila kï ueá tl;= ls˙u' (,l=Kq 1 x 2 = 02)

(ii) (a) mdxY= jhkh lDIsldr®ñl lghq;= i|yd jeo.;ajk wdldrh

Ú j.dlrk fnda.h f;drd .ekSug'

Ú ìï ieliSfï WmlrK yd l%u f;dard .ekSug'

Ú c, iïmdok l%u ;SrKh ls¯u i|yd'

Ú c, jyk l%u ;SrKh ls¯u i|yd'

Ú mdxY= ixrÈK l%u ;SrKh ls¯u i|yd'

Ú fhdok fmdfydr jr®. ;SrKh ls¯u i|yd' (,l=Kq 1 x 2 = 02)

(b) mi wdï,sl ùug fya;=

Ú wêl jr®Idj ksid ,jK jr®. fia° hdu

Ú mdxY= Èø „ù ksid ≥r®j, ldnksl wï, we;sùu

Ú ldnksl øjH úfhdackh ùu ksid

Ú wdï,sl ridhksl fmdfydr ks;r ks;r mig fh°u ksid

^wefudakshï i,afmaÜ jeks&

Ú ú≥,s flàï (,l=Kq 1 x 2 = 02)

(iii) ydhkhg m;ajQ mila fnda. j.djg iq≥iq ;;a;ajhlg m;a lr .ekSu'

Ú PH w.h iq≥iq ;;a;ajhlg m;a lr .ekSu'

Ú mi wdï,sl kï fvd,uhsÜ" wÆyqKq wd†h fh°u'

Ú ,jk wêl mi fia°u ldnksl øjH fh°u" ‚maiï fh°u'

Ú ldnksl øjH wvq ksid ldnksl øjH tl;= ls¯u'

Ú mdxY= fmdaIl ms˙yS we;akï ridhksl ldnksl øjH fh°u'

Ú mi ;o ù we;akï mi nqre,a ls¯u'

Ú iq≥iq mdxY= ixrÈK l%u fh°u'

W∞ #- jiqka fh°u" ldKq lemSu (,l=Kq 1 x 2 = 02)

uqΩ ,l=Kq 10

- 37 -

5 m%Yakh ms<sn| iuia; ks¯CIK" ks.uk yd fhdackd (

m%Yakh i|yd ,l=Kq ,nd we;s wdldrh 5 m%Yakh f;dardf.k we;af;a 67% la mu◊' fuu

m%Yakh i|yd ,l=Kq 10 la ysñ fõ'





,l=Kq ,ndf.k we;'

fuu m%Yakh i|yd ,l=Kq 8 fyda Bg jvd jeäfhka

,nd.ka ms˙i 8%la jk w;r" 45% la ,ndf.k

we;af;a ,l=Kq 2 fyda Bg wvqfjks'

myiq;dj


m%Yakfha fldgia yd wkq fldgiaj, myiq;dj fuu m%Yakfhys wkqfldgia 5la

we;' tajd w;=frka myiq;dj jeä

u fldgi (iii) h' tys myiq;dj

60%ls' tfiau myiq;dj wvq u

wkqq fldgi jkafka (ii)(a) h' tys

myiq;dj 24% ls'

- 38 -

fuu m%Yakfha i fldgiska mdxY= ix>gl y∫kd .ekSfï yelshdj o" ii fldgiska mfiys jhkfha

jeo.;alu o" iii fldgiska mdxY= ydhkh ksjer† ls¯fï l%u kï ls¯fï yelshdj o wfmaCId lrk

,°'

fuu m%Yakh f;dard f.k we;s isiq m%;sY;h 67% ls' m%Yakhg ms<s;=re ,sùfï ° jeäu myiq;dj

fmkakqï flfrkafka ii - b wkq fldgfiys jk w;r" th 60% ls' fuhg fya;=j fuu úIh lreKq

uQ,Or®u f,i meye†,sj fm<fmdf;a i|yka ùuhs' wvq u myiq;dj jdr®;d flfrkqfha i a, i b yd ii b hk wkq fldgiaj, jk w;r" tu m%;sY; ms<sfj<ska" 34%, 31% yd 24% fõ' i - a ys ms<s;=r

f,i" mdxY= ix>gl kï l< hq;= jqj o" isiqka jeä ms˙ila Lkscuh fldgfiys wvx.= jk je,s"

ueá" fndrΩ wd†h ms<s;=re f,i i|yka lr ;sì◊' mdxY= ix>gl iy mdxY= Lkscuh fldgfiys

wka;r®.;h ms<sn| fjki isiqka úiska jgydf.k fkdue;s nj fuhska meye†,s fõ' ii b ys mfiys

legdhk yqjudre Od˙;dj" jeä lr .kakd Wml%u kï l< hq;= jqj o" ms<s;=re ksjer† j b†˙m;a

lr fkd;sì◊' thg fya;=j legdhk yqjudre Od˙;dj ms<sn|" wjfndaOh ,nd f.k fkd;sîuhs'

iii- a ys mdxY= jhkfhys jeo.;alu ±laúh hq;= w;r" thg imhd ;snq ms<s;=re widr®:lh' thg

fya;= ù we;af;a" mxY= jhkh hk md˙NdIsl jofka ksjer† wr®:h iy tys lDIsldr®ñl jeo.;alu

wjfndaO ù fkd;sîuhs'

by; wvq myiq;d or®Yl we;s wkq fldgia b.ekaùfï °" mdxY= ix>gl y∫kd .ekSu i|yd" w∞<

m%dfhda.sl m¯ÈK is≥ l< hq;=h' tfukau md˙NdIsl joka ksjer† j wr®: ±laùu" .=rejrhd úiska

is≥ l< hq;=h' fuu m%Yakh i|yd ,l=Kq 10 la fjka lr we;s w;r" ,l=Kq 5 g wvq YsIH m%;sY;h

80% ls' tu ksid" idOk uÜgu by< ±óug fuu ksmqK;dj ,nd °fï ° úIh lreKq ms<sn| ±kqu

fuka u" úoHd.dr yd lafIa;% m%dfhda.sl ls%hdldrlïj, fh°ug o" wjia:dj ie,iSfuka bf.kqï

b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfha" M,∞hs;dj jeä l< yelsh'

- 39 -

6 m%Yakh

06 (i) (a) yshque¯fï frda.h

(b) ishqfvdfudkdia$ fid,kaishdrEï$ nelaà˙hdjls

(c) md,kh i|yd l%shdudr®.

Ú YIH fnda. udrej wkq.ukh'

Ú mi „jdkqyrKh'

Ú ms˙is≥ îc Ndú;h'

Ú frda. m%;sfrdaë m%fNao Ndú;h'

Ú frda.S Ydl .,jd mqΩiaid ±óu' (,l=Kq 1 x 3 = 03)

(ii) (a) tms,elakd l=reñ◊hd (,l=Kq 01)

(b) ur®ok l%u

Ú lDóka w;ska tl;= lr úkdY lr ±óu'

Ú lDñkdYl fh°u'

Ú Odrl Ydl úkdY ls¯u'

Ú fldfydU †hr iq≥Ω%EKq ødjKh" wd†h m;% u;g biSu' (,l=Kq 1 x 2 = 02)

(iii) m<sfndaOkdYl m˙yrKfha ° yd biSfï ° wkq.ukh l<hq;= wdrÈl ms<sfj;a #-

Ú ñ, ° .ekSfï ° yd m%jdyfha °'

Ú wkqu; fj<| ie,lska kshñ; m<sfndaO kdYl uq,a weiqreu iys;'

Ú ldka≥ ùï fkdue;s weiqreï ñ, ° .ekSu'

Ú weiqreï mÆ≥ fkdjk m˙† m%jdykh yd wdydr øjH iu.

m%jdykh fkdls¯u' (,l=Kq 1 x 2 = 02)

.nvd ls¯fï°

Ú uq,a weiqreu ;=<u .nvd ls¯u'

Ú iqr;,a i;=kag yd l=vd <uqkag yiq fkdjk m˙† ≥ria:j

.nvd lr bì h;=re fhd∞ wdrÈs;j ;eîu'

biSug fmr

Ú f,an,h fyd¢ka lshjd tys Wmfoia ms<sme°u'

Ú w;a wdjrK me<£u yd fldagq lene,a,lska ñY% ls¯u'

Ú biSug fmr wdydr .ekSu'

Ú iydhg mqoa.,fhl= iu. hEu'

Ú wdrÈs; we∫ï we£ï'

- 40 -

fh°fï °

Ú iq<x †Ydjgu ,ïnlj biSu'

Ú fhdok w;r ;=r wdydr fkd.ekSu'

Ú fkdi,h wjysr jQ úg lg ;nd msöfuka je<lSu'

Ú wjg c,dYh yd N+ñj,g fkdhk fia ridhk øjH fh°u'

fh°fuka miq

Ú ysia n∫ka úkdY ls u yd fh¥ hka;%h Ndck fida∞ c,h ydkslr fkdjk

wkaoñka bj;a ls¯u'

Ú m<sfndaO kdYl fh¥ njg ±kaùï mqjrejla fh°u'

Ú fh¥ ;eke;a;d iakdkh lr ms˙is≥ ùu'

(,l=Kq 1/2 x 4 = 02) uqΩ ,l=Kq 10

6 m%Yakh ms<sn| iuia; ks¯CIK" ks.uk yd fhdackd (

m%Yakh i|yd ,l=Kq ,nd we;s wdldrh 6 m%Yakh f;dardf.k we;af;a 62% la mu◊' fuu






,l=Kq ,ndf.k we;'

fuu m%Yakhg ,l=Kq 8 g fyda Bg jvd ,nd.;a

ms˙i 14% la jk w;r" wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka 25% lau

,ndf.k we;af;a ,l=Kq 2 fyda Bg jvd wvqfjks'

myiq;dj


m%Yakfha fldgia yd wkq fldgiaj, myiq;dj fuu m%Yakfha wkqfldgia 6 la we;' tajd w;=frka myiq;dj

jeä u wkqfldgi (iii) fõ' tys

myiq;dj 76% ls' tfia u myiq;dj

wvq u wkqqfldgi jkafka (i)(c) h' tys myiq;dj 35% ls'

- 41 -

fuu m%Yakfhys i fldgiska" zysgque¯uZ kï frda.fha ,CIK y`≥kd .ekSfï yelshdj o" ii fldgiska

§tms,elakd¶ lDñ ydksfha ,CIK y`≥kd .ekSfï yelshdj o" iii fldgiska ridhksl m<sfndaOkdYl

m˙yrKfha ° wkq.ukh l< hq;= wdrCIl ms<sfj;a ms<sn|j oekqu o" m¯CId ls¯u wfmaCId lr

;snqKs'

uqΩ YsIH ixLHdfjka 63% l m%;sY;hla" ms<s;=re ,sùug fuu m%Yakh f;dard f.k ;sì◊' i a yd

i b fldgia i|yd isiqka ±lajQ myiq;dj ms<sfj<ska" 46% la yd 42% ls' isiqka jeä u myiq;djla

fmka jQ m%Yakh jQfha" iii fldgi jk w;r ta i|yd 76% la ksjer† ms<s;=re imhd ;sì◊' bf.kqï

b.ekaùï l%shdj,shg wu;rj ckudOH Tiafia o m<sfndaOkdYl wdrCIdld¯ j m˙yrKh ls¯u

ms<sn| j ±kqj;a ls¯ï is≥ lrk neúka" fuh isiqkag myiq ù we;ehs is;sh yelsh' fuu m%Yakfha i c wkq fldgi i|yd" wvq u myiq;d or®Ylh jdr®;d ù we;s w;r" th 35% ls' fuu m%Yakhg ms<s;=r

f,i isiqka olajd ;snqfKa ´kE u frda.hl fmd≥ md,k ms<sfj;a h' thg fya;=j" fuu nelaà˙hd

frda.h isiqka mdi,a lDIs fCIa;%fha ° w;a±l fkd;sîu iy nelaà˙hd frda. md,kfha iqúfYaIS l%u

ms<sn|j wjfndaOhla fkd;sîuhs'

fuys ° isiqkaf.ka 66% la" uqΩ ,l=Kq 10 la jQ fuu m%Yakhg ,l=Kq 5 g wvqfjka ,ndf.k ;sì◊'

tu ksid mdi,a f.dúfmdf<a °" fnda. j.d lr tajdg je<f|k frda." lDñ ydks wdosh ms<sn| j

isiqkag fCIa;% w;a±lSï ,nd †h hq;=h' tfia fkdue;s kï i„ù ksor®Yl fyda ùäfhdamg weiqfrka

bf.kSug wjia:dj ie,eiaúh hq;=h'

- 42 -

7 m%Yakh

07 (i) (a) ìx≥ c, iïmdok l%uh

Ú c,h wjYH;dj b;d wvqfõ'

Ú je,s mila ùu' ^fjk;a l%u Ndú; l< fkdyel&

Ú iu;,d fkdjQ ìula ùu'

Ú flfi,a j.djla ùu - bisk c, iïmdokfha° m;% c,h úis¯ug ndOdfõ'

(,l=Kq 1 x 2 = 02)

(ii) ldKq moaO;s jr®.

fy˙kafndaka l%uh

.%Sâwhka l%uh

iudka;r l%uh (,l=Kq 1 x 2 = 02)

m%Odk c,jyk ldkq

mdr®Yaúl ldkq

mdr®Yaúl

ldkq

mdr®Yaúl

ldkq

fy˙kafndaka ldkq moaO;sh

m%Odk c,jyk

ldkqj

m%Odk c,jyk ldkqj

.a˙â whka ldkq moaO;shiudka;r ldkq moaO;sh

(,l=Kq 02)

(iii) (a) flaIdlr®IK c,h

tfia isria j yd ;sria j .uka lrhs

mia wxY=j,g ;†ka ne£ ke;

Ydlj,g wjfYdaIKh lr .; yels mfia we;s tlu c, jr®.h

(,l=Kq 02) (b) c,dlr®IK c,h

mia wxY=j,g ;†ka ne£ mj;S

Ydlj,g wjfYdaIKh lr .; fkdyelsh'

1000 C WIaK;ajhg meh 8 la r;a l, o mfika tu c,h bj;a fkdfõ

(,l=Kq 02) uqΩ ,l=Kq 10

- 13 -

7 jk m%Yakh ms<sn| iuia; ks¯CIK" ks.uk yd fhdackd (

7 m%Yakh f;dardf.k we;af;a 60% la mu◊' fuu






,l=Kq ,ndf.k we;'

fuu m%Yakh i|yd ,l=Kq 8 fyda Bg jeäfhka ,nd.;a

ms˙i 5%la jk w;r" 67% la ,ndf.k we;af;a ,l=Kq

2 fyda Bg jvd wvqfjks'


fuu m%Yakhg wkqfldgia 5 la we;' tajd w;=frka myiq;dj jeäu fldgi i (a) fõ' tys myiq;dj 38% ls' tfiau myiq;dj wvqu fldgi jkafka ii h' tys myiq;dj 21% ls'

myiq;dj


m%Yakfha fldgia yd wkq fldgiaj, myiq;dj

- 43 -

- 14 -

fuu m%Yakfhys" i fldgiska WÑ; c, iïmdok l%u f;dard .ekSu ms<sn|j o" ii fldgiska c,

jyk ldKq moaO;s ms<sn|j o" iii fldgiska mdxY= c, wdldr úia;r ls¯u o" isiqkaf.ka wfmaCId lr

;snqKs'

fuu m%Yakh f;dard f.k we;s isiq m%;sY;h 60% lss' fuys ishÆ u fldgia i|yd isiqka ,l=Kq ,nd

f.k ;snqfKa 38% lg jvd wvqfjks' ta wkqj fuu m%Yakh isiqkag ms<s;=re iemhSug jvd;a ≥Ialr

jQ m%Yakhls' wvq u myiq;dj jQ 21% jdr®;d ù ;snqfKa ii fldgigh' i a yd i b ys† ms<s;=re widr®:l

ùug fya;=j jQfha isiqkag c, iïmdok l%u ms<sn| kHdhhsl ±kqu ;snqK o fok ,o mdxY= yd m˙ir

;;a;ajj,g WÑ; c, iïmdok l%u f;dard .ekSfï ksmqK;dj fkdue;s ùuhs' ii ys ldKq moaO;s

jr®. kï ls¯ug isiqka wfmdfydi;a ù ;snqqKq w;r" thg fya;=j isiq fm< fmdf;a olajd we;s fuu

lreK ms<sn| j ksis wjOdkh fhduq fkd ls¯uhs' iii ys wid we;s mdxY= c, wdldr isiqka úiska kï

l< o tajd fjka fjka j iy ksrjq,a j wjfndaO ù fkd ;sîu fya;=fjka wvq ,l=Kq ,nd we;'

fuu m%Yakhg ysñ ,l=Kq 10 ka" ,l=Kq 5 blaujd ,nd .ekSug isiqkaf.ka 88% lg fkd yels ù

;sì◊' fuh b;d wi;=gq∞hl ;;a;ajhls' tneúka mdxY= c, wdldr b.ekaùfï °" mia idïm,hlg

c,h fhdoñka" úúO c, wdldr ±laùu o" tu md˙NdIsl jpkj, f;areu ksjer†j wjfndaO lrùu

o" l< hq;=h' c, iïmdok l%u b.ekaùfï °" isiqkag úúO mia jr®. wkqj Bg .e,fmk c, iïmdok

l%uh f;dard .ekSug m%dfhda.sl l=i,;dj" mdi,a lDIs fCIa;%fha ° ,nd °u fhda.Hh'

- 44 -

- 15 -- 45 -

˚˚˚ fldgi

3. ms<s;=re iemhSfï ° ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq yd fhdackd (

3.1 ms<s;=re iemhSfï ° ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq (

fmd≥ Wmfoia (

* m%Yak m;%fha we;s uQ,sl Wmfoia lshjd fyd†ka f;areï .; hq;=h' tkï tla tla

fldgiska fldmuK m%Yak ixLHdjlg ms<s;=re iemhsh hq;= o" l=uk m%Yak wksjdr®ho"

fldmuK ld,hla ,efío" iy fldmuK ,l=Kq ,efío" hk lreKq ms<sn|j ie<ls<su;a

úh hq;= w;r" m%Yak fyd¢ka lshjd ksrjq,a wjfndaOhla we;slrf.k m%Yak f;dard.;

hq;=h'

* I m;%fha m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re iemhSfï °" jvd;a ksjer† tla ms<s;=rla f;dard.; hq;=h'

* II m;%fha m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re iemhSfï °" iEu m%Odk m%Yakhla u wÆ;a msgqjlska wdrïN

l< hq;=h'

* ksjer† yd meye†,s w;a wl=rej,ska ms<s;=re ,súh hq'=h'

* wh≥ïlrejkaf.a úNd. wxlh iEu msgqjlu w∞< ia:dkfha ,súh hq;=h'

* m%Yak wxl yd wkq fldgiaj, wxl meye†,s j" ksjer† j fh†h hq;=h'

* m%Yakh wid we;s wdldrhg" ;r®ldkql+,j yd úYaf,aIKd;aul j lreKq b†˙m;a l<

hq;=h'

* ms<s;=re ,sùfï ° r;= yd fld< mdg mEka Ndú;d ls¯fuka je<lsh hq;=h'

úfYaI Wmfoia

* m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re iemhSfï °" w∞< ia:dkj, md˙NdIsl fh≥ï Ndú; l< hq;=h'

* rEm igyka we|sh hq;= wjia:dj, oS" tajd ksjer† yevh" wkqmd;h iys;j ksjer†j;a b;d

meye†,s j;a we|" fldgia kï l< hq;=h'

* ms<s;=re ,shkúg ° wjYH W∞yrK f.k yer ±laùu jvd;a fhda.H fõ'

- 16 -- 46 -

3.2 bf.kqï yd b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh ms<sn| woyia yd fhdackd

* lDIs úoHd .=rejrhd mqΩ,a" ixlSr®K ldr®hNdrhla bgq lrkafkls' mka;ss ldurh ;=<

is≥jk" idudkH bf.kqï l%shdj,shg wu;rj" mdi,a f.dúfmd<la ilialr" wLKavj

kv;a;= ls¯u o" mdi,a lDIs úoHd.drh" ld<.=◊l uOHia:dkh isiqkag bf.kqï wjia:d

,nd fok wdldrhg ieliSu o" lDIs úoHd m%or®Yk ixúOdkh o" f.j;= j.d ;rÛ i|yd

mdi, iQ∞kï ls¯u o" mdi,a ms˙h; l<ukdlrKh o" lDIslr®u jHdmD;s l%shd;aul ls¯u

o" fÈ;% pd˙ld ixúOdkh o" úIh yd iïnkaO wdh;kj,ska iïm;a ∞hlhska f.kajd

isiqkag w;a±lSï ,nd °u o" úIhhg w∞< ±kqu ñkqu ;rÛ i|yd isiqka mqyqKq lr

b†˙m;a ls¯u o" we;=Ω lr®;jH rdYshla fuu úIhh yd iïnkaOj we;' fuu wjia:dj,°

isiqkaf.a Wm˙u iyNd.s;ajh we;s jk m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlï i|yd bv i,iñka" bf.kqï

b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh ukdj l<ukdlrKh lr .ekSu .=rejrhdf.a j.lSuhs'

* lDIs úoHd.dr ;=<" úIhhg w∞< mqj;am;a" úúO wdh;kj, jdr m%ldYk" lDIslr®u

fomdr®;fïka;=fõ m%ldYs; m;%sld" úúO iÛrd" lDIslr®uhg Ndú; jk fmdfydr ksor®Yl"

ldnksl lDIs fhojqï" lDñ ksor®Yl" j,a me<Eá ksor®Yl" îc fmÜáh iy lDIs WmlrK

wd†h isiqkag ks¯ÈKh i|yd iQ∞kï lr ;sìh hq;=h' ;jo m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlï i|yd

wjYH WmlrK yd øjH l%udkql+,j ;ekam;alr ;sìh hq;=h'

* úIhh ±kqu ;yjqre ls¯fï °" myiqlï wkqj ùäfhda or®Yk fmkaùu o " m˙.Kl uD≥ldx.

yd wka;r®cd, Ndú;fhka mska;+r ùäfhda wd†h b†˙m;a ls¯u o" wjYH wjia:dj, ° nyq

udOH m%lafImK wd†h Ndú; ls¯uo fhda.Hh'

* t†fk∞ „ú;hg wjYH ±kqu yd ksmqK;d ,nd fok m˙† ie,iqï lr we;s" fuu

úIhfhka" wka;r® mqoa., in|;d f.dv ke.Su o" ,nd .kakd ksmqK;d t†fk∞ „jk

mqre≥ njg m;aùu o" wruqKq lr we;s fyhska" b.ekaùfuka yd ta ms<sn| wjOdrKh ls¯u

WÑ;h'

* lDIs úoHd .=rejrhdg" úIh yd iïnkaO" úIh yd iu.dó l%shdldrlï f,i" m˙ir

ixrÈKh" ffcj úúO;ajh wdrÈd ls¯u" mdif,a wmøjH l<uKdlrKh" mdxY=

ixrÈKh" Tiq Whka wdrïN lr kv;a;= ls¯u" úfYaI †k i|yd iQ∞kï ùu ^rela

frdamK †kh" m˙ir †kh" ffcj úúO;aj †kh& wd° j.lSï /ila mej¯ we;s fyhska" ta

i|yd isiqka ixúOdkh ls¯u o .=rejrekaf.a j.lSuls'

* .=rejrhd bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sfha °' úfYaI jHdmD;s ilia lr ta ;=<ska úIhfha

idOkh o" tuÛska w'fmd'i'^id'fm<& úNd. m%;sM, j, m%udKd;aul yd .=Kd;aul nj

by< kexùu i|yd ie,iqï ilia l< hq;=h' tuÛska w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& lDIs úoHd úIh

ye≤¯u i|yd isiqka jeä m%udKhla fhduq ls¯ug lghq;= ls¯u fhda.Hh'

* fuu úIhg w∞< j úúO wud;HdxY hgf;a we;s lDIslr®u úoHd, yd nyq ;dÈ◊l

wdh;kj,ska ,nd fok Wiia ämaf,daud wd° mdGud,d i|yd isiqka fhduq ls¯u i|yd

.=reNj;=ka ta ms<sn|j ±kqj;a ù isàu b;d jeo.;ah'

- 17 -- 47 -

* .=rejrhd lDIs yd wdydr ;dCIKh úIhfha wka;r®.;h ms<sn| wjfndaOh we;sj

bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh ixúOdkh l< hq;=h' fuu úIhh m%dfhda.sl yelshd

mokï lr f.k ksmqK;d t<s olajk úIhls' tu ksid úIh b.ekaùfï ° tla tla

lDIslr®ñl uQ,Or®u idOkh i|yd jvd;a WÑ; m%dfhda.sl ls%hdldrlï ;=<ska ksmqK;d

f.dvkexúh hq;=h'

* lDIs úoHdj yd wdydr ;dCIKh hkq" ñksidf.a uQ,sl wjYH;djla jk wdydr

ksIamdokh yd m˙ir ixrCIKh iu. ine∫Kq m%dfhda.sl úIhhls' tu ksid lDIs

úoHd;aul ±kqu ,nd °fï °" idudkH f.dú ck;djf.a idïm%odhsl ±kqfuka Tíng

f.dia kj mr®fhaIKd;aul fidhd .ekSï weiqfrka úoHd;aul ±kqu ,nd °ug WÑ;

l%u .=re Nj;=ka úiska wkq.ukh l< hq;=h' túg ksr®udKd;aul kj ksmehqï flfrys

isiqka ;=< wNsfm%arKhla we;s fõ'

* mdif,a °" isiqka úiska ,nd .kakd ksmqK;d" mdif,ka ;u ksjig o bka Tíng

iuia; m%cdjg o" ∞hl lrkafkl= njg m;a ls¯ug .=re Nj;=ka j. n,d .; hq;=h'

* fï ;=<ska lDIs úoHdfõ ±kqu" wdl,am" m%dfhda.sl l=i,;d yd wdpdrOr®u ixjr®Okh

lrñka isiq ksmqK;d Tmakexùug yelsjk wdldrhg bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh

ixúOdkh l< hq;= fõ'

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