wet lands day
DESCRIPTION
This issue is very much contemporary.TRANSCRIPT
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“Wetlands are areas of marsh , fen , peat land , of water of
temporary with water that is static or flowing, fresh, breakish of
salt, including areas or marine water, the depth of which at low
tide does not exceed six meters & may include riparian of
coastal zones adjacent to the wet lands or island or bodies of
marine water deeper than six meters at low tide lying with in the
wet lands.”
United States fish and wildlife service
(1979)
Wet lands are lands traditional & aquatic
systems where the water table is usually at or
near the surface or the land is covered by
shallow water. For purpose of this
classification wetlands must have one or
more of the following attributes:
•At last periodically, the land supports
predominantly hydrophytes.
•The substrate is nonsoil and is saturated
with water or covered by shallow water at
some time during the growing season of each
year.
•The substrate is predominantly undrained
hydric soil.
•Organic Soil Wetlands:
•Organic Soil
Wetlands:
Bog Fen
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Himalayan wetlands
Ladakh and Zanskar: Pangong Tso, Tso Morari, Chantau,
Noorichan, Chushul and Hanlay
Marshes
KashmirValley: Dal, Anchar, Wular, Haigam,
Malgam, Haukersar and Kranchu lakes
Central Himalayas: Nainital, Bhimtal and Naukuchital
Eastern Himalayas: Numerous wetlands in Sikkim,
Assam, Arunachal Pradesh,
Meghalaya, Nagaland and Manipur,
Beels in the Brahmaputra and
Barak valley
Indo-Gangetic wetlands :The Indo-
Gangetic flood plain is the largest wetland
system in India, extending from the river
Indus in the west to Brahmaputra in the
east. This includes the wetlands of the
Himalayan terai and the Indo-Gangetic
plains.
Coastal wetlands
The vast intertidal areas, mangroves and
lagoons along the 7500 kilometer long
coastline inWest Bengal, Orissa, Andhra
Pradesh, Tamil
Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra
andGujarat. Mangrove forests of the
Sunderbans of West Bengal and the
Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Offshore
coral reefs of the Gulf of Kutch,Gulf of
Mannar, Lakshwadeep and Andaman
andNicobar Islands.
Deccan
A few natural wetlands, but
innumerable small and large reservoirs
and several water storage tanks in
almost every village in the region.
Sunderban : Climate Changing
Environmental Disaster Taming
the Environmental
Diversity, Challenge and Human
Response: A India-Bangladesh
Contain
By Suppratim Karmakar,
(Japan, October,2012)
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INDIGENOUS TECHNOLOGY OF RAIN WATER
HARVESTING AND NATIONAL WATER POLICY-A
CONTEMPORARY APPROACH IN INDIAN
SUBCONTINENT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES OF
WORLD WATER VISION PERSPECTIVE
-Supratim Karmakar
[KUSET, NEPAL(IN PRESS)]
Wetland losses – a threat to
ecological balance
Rainfall data
The wetland loss in
The wetland loss in
India can be divided
into two broad groups
namely-
acute and chronic
losses.
Acute wetland losses
• Agricultural conversion•Direct deforestation in wetlands•Hydrologic alteration•Inundation by dammed reservoirs
Chronic wetland lossesAlteration of upper watersheds
Degradation of water qualityGround water depletionIntroduced species and extinction of native biota
States Total Districts Drought Affected
Uttar Pradesh 64 62
Haryana, Chandigarh
and Delhi21 21
Punjab 16 14
Madhya Pradesh 45 39
Himachal Pradesh 12 12
Use of remote
sensing and
GIS in
wetland
management
Flood zonation mapping
Turbidity Classification
Low Turbid area ModerateTurbid area HighTurbid area
Region of Interest
0 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 0.35 Kilometers
1990: Spatial Turbidity pattern 1990: Spatial Turbidity pattern 1997: Spatial Turbidity pattern1997: Spatial Turbidity pattern
Class Name
1990 1997 2007
Area
(ha)
Area
(%)
Area
(ha)
Area
(%)
Area
(ha)
Area
(%)
Change %
1990–2007
Wetland
Ecosystem
961.7 33.5 424.3 14.77 356.3 12.4 -21.1
Aquatic
Vegetation
- - 182.0 6.33 203.3 7.0 7.0
Other
Vegetation
144.9 5.0 506 17.61 329 11.45 6.45
Other Land
Use
1765.7 61.5 1760 61.29 1983.7 69.15 7.65
Total 2872.3 100 2872.3 100 2872.3 100 0
Area Statistics of Wetland Area during 1990, 1997, 2007
Tipaimukh Dam: Potential Consequences for Bangladesh
Location: Tipaimukh, Manipur, India,on Barak river, around 100 km from Jakigang, Sylhet)
Length: 390 meterHeight: 164 meterCost: $1.35 billionCompletion: 2012Reservoir C: 15.9 BCM average
Tipaimukh Dam at a glance:
Tipaimukh is located in Churachandpur district in Manipur state. It is in the south-western hilly region of Manipur bordering the Indian state of Mizoram.
Tipaimukh means the confluence of the Tuivai and Barak rivers.
The word “Tipai” is the corrupted name coined for the river “Tuivai”, and “Mukh” meaning “mouth” in Bengali.
Tipaimukh Dam: Potential Consequences for Bangladesh
What Consequences for Bangladesh?: Mirror Image of Farakkah
Rajshai-Khulna vs Sylhet-DhakaPadma vs Shurma, Kushiara
Political Impact
Giving India the ability to full control the water through Barak River itself is dangerous as they can use it as a weapon against Bangladesh as and when necessary
This has been done in the past using the Farakka Barrage
Tipaimukh Dam: Potential Consequences for Bangladesh
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