Westward  Expansion  Chapter  16  Page  165-­‐171  

*  In  1817  Jackson  marched  into    *  Florida  to  put  an  end  to  Seminole  raids  *  He  blew  up  a  fort  *  He  captured  two  other  forts  *  In  1819,  Spain  gave  the  U.S.  Florida  for  $5  million  to  be  

given  to  Georgian  settlers  whose  property  had  been  destroyed,  and  who  blamed  Spain.  

Andrew  Jackson  

Indians  attacking  a  settlement  in  Georgia.  

*  The  Spanish  minister  demanded  evacuation  and  "suitable  punishment"  for  Jackson.  Secretary  of  State  John  Quincy  Adams'  reply  berated  the  Spanish  for  not  restraining  the  Indians,  and  included  the  following:  "Spain  must  immediately  [decide]  either  to  place  a  force  in  Florida  adequate  at  once  to  the  protection  of  her  territory,  ...  or  cede  to  the  United  States  a  province,  of  which  she  retains  nothing  but  the  nominal  possession,  but  which  is,  in  fact,  ...  a  post  of  annoyance  to  them."  This  in  effect  said  "Keep  the  inhabitants  of  Florida  in  line,  or  we'll  do  it  for  you."    

Monroe  Doctrine  

* A  few  years  later  in  1823  President  Monroe  issued  the  Monroe  Doctrine.  *  It  is  a  foreign  policy  that  acknowledged  Europe’s  colonies,  but  said  once  their  out  their  out.  

*  In  early  days,  voting  was  done  by  property  owners.  *  New  western  states  all  white  men  could  vote.  *  Representatives  began  to  change  from  property  leaders  

to  men  that  were  easily  relatable.  *  For  example  Davy  Crocket  

The  Age  of  Jackson  

*  1828  Andrew  Jackson  became  the  seventh  President.  *  All  white  men  were  allowed  to  vote  *  Many  of  them  liked  Jackson  because  they  felt  he  was  a  

common  man  like  them  *  His  nickname  in  the  military  was  “old  hickory”  because  he  was  tough.  *  He  became  a  hero  when  he  and  his  troops  beat  the  British  at  the  Battle  of  New  Orleans.  

The  Election  of  Andrew  Jackson  

The  Election  of  Andrew  Jackson  

His  Philosophy  on  Government:  He  thought  that  

government  should  not  help  the  rich  get  

richer.  

*  Jackson  was  very  tough  when  it  came  to  Indian  removal,  and  was  very  harsh  and  unfair  to  Native  Americans.  * He  got  Congress  to  pass  the  Indian  Removal  Act  of  1830  *  It  resulted  in  the  mass  removal  of  the  Cherokee  people  in  1838  that  resulted  in  the  death  of  more  than  4000  Cherokees  from  cold,  disease,  and  lack  of  food.  

Indian  Removal  

Trail  of  Tears  

* Manifest  Destiny-­‐  belief  that  Americans  should  own  all  land  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean  to  the  Pacific  Ocean.  

From  Ocean  to  Ocean  

*  In  1820,  Moses  Austin  got  permission  from  the  Mexican  government  to  start  a  colony  in  Texas.  *  1834  General  Antonio  Lopez  de  Santa  Anna  became  dictator.  *  Texans  became  angry  with  his  actions.  *  Texans  created  a  temporary  government  on  November  3,  1835.  

Americans  in  Early  Texas  

*  Texans  attacked  San  Antonio  and  took  it  over  December  5,  1835.  *  Santa  Anna  attacked  the  Alamo  on  February  23,  1836.  *  The  Alamo  fell  March  6  *  March  2  Texas  leaders  declared  their  independence.  *  April  21,  1836  Houston  attacked  Santa  Anna  at  San  Jacinto.  

Americans  in  Early  Texas  

“Remember  the  Alamo”  was  the  battle  cry  at  San  Jacinto  

*  Texas  ruled  itself  as  it’s  own  country  for  nine  years.  *  In  1845  it  was  admitted  as  the  28th  state.  

49th  Parallel  It  looked  like  we  would  again  get  in  a  war  with  Britain,  but  this  time  over  the  Oregon  country,  but  in  1846  President  Polk  agreed  to  a  treaty  that  divided  the  Oregon  Country  

on  the  49th  parallel.  

*  The  United  States  and  Mexico  did  not  agree  on  where  the  border  was  between  Texas  and  Mexico.  *  United  States  –  Rio  Grande  *  Mexico  –  believed  it  was  farther  north  *  Mexican  and  American  troops  on  patrol  fought  in  a  skirmish  on  April  1846.  

War  With  Mexico  

* President  Polk  said  that  “American  blood  was  spilled  on  American  soil.”  *  Congress  declared  war  on  Mexico.  

* The  United  States  invaded  Mexico  in  1847  * The  war  ended  in  1848  with  the  Treaty  of  Guadalupe  Hidalgo.  *  Mexico  had  to  give  up  all  of  Texas,  California,  

Nevada,  Utah,  and  parts  of  Arizona,  Colorado,  New  Mexico,  and  Wyoming  *  Mexico  received  $15  Million  

War  With  Mexico  

*  Gadsden  made  arrangements  with  Mexico  in  1853  to  buy  small  parts  of  neighboring  land  with  Arizona  and  New  Mexico.  *  This  brought  the  Continental  United  States  to  its  present  day  size.  

The  Gadsden  Purchase  

Chapter  17  Diverse  Peoples  of  the  West  

*  Mexican  influence  can  be  seen  all  over  the  Southwest  in  words  that  are  used,  and  the  names  of  towns  *  Ranchos,  vaqueros,  “lariat”,  chaparreras,  sombreros  

*  Foods:  enchiladas,  carne  asada,  tortillas  *  Cities:  Los  Angeles,  Santa  Fe,  Las  Cruces,  San  Antonio  

Mexicanos  

*  The  U.S.  government  did  not  protect  the  property  of  the  rancho  owners,  and  many  newcomers  claimed  rancho  land.  *  Later  the  Mexican  government  fought  a  revolution  over  the  same  issues  of  land  redistribution  from  the  rancho  owners.  

Mexicanos  

*  In  1848  gold  was  discovered  in  California.  *  Within  a  year  more  than  80,000  people  moved  to  California  to  find  gold.  *  Those  who  came  began  to  call  themselves  forty-­‐niners  because  they  had  arrived  in  1849.  

California  Gold  Rush  

*  Eager  to  mine  for  gold  many  Chinese  immigrants  came  to  the  U.S.  *  Due  to  political  issues  and  bigotry  they  ended  up  working  for  the  railroad.  *  Due  to  diseases,  and  the  fact  that  Chinese  crews  were  cheap,  nearly  all  of  the  Pacific  railroad  workers  were  Chinese  in  time.  *  A  lot  of  this  was  due  to  the  fact  that  they  drank  tea.    

 

Chinese  Immigrants  

*  After  the  railroad  was  finished,  anger  towards  the  Chinese  for  “taking  away  jobs”  influenced  the  passing  of  the  Chinese  Exclusion  Act  in  1882  *  This  prevented  most  

Chinese  from  entering  the  United  States  

Mormons  Settle  Utah  * Mormons  or  members  of  the  Church  of  Jesus  Christ  of  Latterday  Saints  led  by  Brigham  Young  moved  to  Salt  Lake.  *  Joseph  Smith  their  

leader  was  killed  in  1844  due  to  religious  differences.  *  Salt  Lake  was  so  harsh  

no  other  settlers  would  want  it.  

Mountain  Meadows  Massacre  

*  Afraid  that  Mormon  territory  would  eventually  be  “invaded”.  *  120  people  in  a  wagon  train  were  massacred  as  they  passed  through  their  territory  only  17  children  under  the  age  of  7  were  spared.  *  Only  one  man  later  took  the  fall  for  this,  John  Lee  

*  Beginning  in  the  1830’s  many  trails  west  began  to  open  up  *  Some  of  the  more  popular  were  the:  *  Santa  Fe  Trail  *  Oregon  Trail  (more  than  2000  miles)  *  By  1845  more  than  10,000  Americans  had  used  the  Oregon  trail  

Trails  West