pomona britannica 1817
TRANSCRIPT
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Fruit-Garden Ulujlrated,
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Containing Sure Methods for Improving all the
Kinds oft
Now EXTANT in
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\ CALCULATED FROM \t
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Great Variety of EXPERIMENTS made in all
^Kinds of SOILS and ASPECTS.
WHEREIN ,
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Thc Manner of Rajfing-^Y o v ij g Stocks, Graftings Inoculating^
^lantingy &c, are clearly and fully demonftrated.
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With DIRECTIONS>
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I. For Pruning wherein Reafons^
Marnier^ and Confequemes thereof are clearly
demonflrated. '
II, For Nailing j wherein the true
that the Branches of Fbe laid upon the Walls, are fet forth : Being a
moft important and ufeful Difcovery, unknown
to Gardeners in general.
III. For Preservingthe Injuries of Frqfls, Winds^ &c.
IV. RULES for the Thinning of their
ymmg'fet Fruits leave no more than
Nature can flrongly fupport, and ripen in the
greateft Perfection.
For ^referving and Ordering Young Fruit*,
their SloJJbm to the Time o^ their
VL To give them their true Tajle and Colour
when fully grown, Seafon of Ripningy Mannerof Gatherings Treferving^ &c.
s
Likcwife fevcml Praftical OBSERVAT ION S on the ImUhlng 9ower
and Ter/pkations of Fruit-Trees j the feveral EfFeds o(Heat2Lni
Moljlure tending to the Growth and Maturity of F r u ITS.
To which is added,
A Curious Account of the Moft Valuable Cyder-Fruits of D
TheWhole lUuftrated with above Three Hundred Drawings of the feveral FCurioufly Eng Seventy-nine large Folio Plates
By BATTT £^NGZ£rof Twickenham,1r
L N D O N :
Printed for G. Strahan in Comhill i R. Gosling. W. Meaks, F. Clay. D. BrowB. MoTTE, and L. G temple-bar JS GG in IVeftmmJier-Hall
J. O s B o R Nj at Qray S'Jnn Gate , and C. D a v i s in Pater-Nojier-Roiv- MMo. Bot. Garden,
1893\
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imA^ r
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\ TO T H
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Moll
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Excellent Majefty•
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MAJl_AJ!if,^^ i
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OUR Majefty*s . known Goodnefs
and exquifite Knowledge
culture
in Horti
>hope -will excufe
my
Your
Prefumption • in Dedicating to
fiioft#f *
Sacred JMajefty the en«
T>?
^ ^ ^ if-S
IS an accurate
Work : which 1 am bold to
ation of Vegetable Na
ture in her various Produdions of the moft valuable
>
Fruits now extant in this Nation : Wherein her gra
dual Operations, thro* their feveral Degrees of Growth^
to their Maturity, are exadly delineated and defcrib'd.
TO-*-i
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IV 2) E A N.
TO attempt a Pourtraiture of Your Majefty's
Illuftrious Character, would be an Undertaking fupe
rior to the greateft Genius, and intirely inexcufable
m one who has made thefe Humble,
Studiesy
his principal Employmen t?
thou
and
or ufeful7
has no
Capacity, belides an honeft Zeal and fincere Loyalty,
fb arduous a TaskX
1
BUT as we,
' m
who have the Happinefs to live min Your
our
y It
lour inoft aufpidous Reign, behold united
Sacred Majefty the Perfeaions and Virtues of all
moft Glorious Queens Your Royal Predeceflbrs
would be in fotne meafure unpardonable to omit ._
Opportunity to exprefs our Gratitude for the Bleflings
heap'd upon U5 by Your Goodnefs.
any
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WHlLETBis Sacred Majefty,
Sovereisfnt)"j
our moft gracious
imploys his important Cares for the Hap-pinefs and Profperity of his People, both at Homeand Abroad
>
and Privileges,
in order to fecure to them their Rightsand to preferve and extend the Benefits
of their Trade and Commerce,
Europe YouJ
Youf Subjects,
Madam,
Your
great Concerns of Religion and Virtue
of a Private and Domeftick Life.
and is the Arbiter of
powerfully recommend to all
, the
and the Duties
own bright Example
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D A N. Vt
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BE it the Task of a more elevated Genius to
tranfmit to Pofterity the Uluftrious Graces of Your
Majefty's Publick Charadler, together with the Ex-
emplarinefs of Your Conjugal Affeftion, and Maternal
are of Your Royal Offspring (the future Hopes and
Happinefs of this Kingdom) ; Yolif profound Know
ledge in all Parts of Divine and Human Learning
Your Exemplary Piety, and that Gracious Affability
y
and Condefcenfion to -all who have the Honour o
approaching Your Royal Perfon, which is peculiar to
Your Majefty »
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*
a
W'H ILE I indulge myfelf in the mu
ranee>
That to a Mi»d exalted Nature;and
improved by Study, the Contemplation of the Works
of the Great Creator, difplay'd in the
Produdions getative !b5aturcp-txjntain'd
autiful
thei
copious Syftem.of Planting and Gardening,will be
anwhen Your more arduous
\
agreeable Entertainment,
Affairs will permit Your Majefty to enjoy the calm
and peaceful Sweets of Solitude and Retirement.
m*
THIS agreeable Affurance emboldens me to lay
before-Ypur -Majefty the following Obfervations and
Experiments on the choiceft Fruits which are pro
duc'd in thefe Kingdoms : The right Ordering whereof
being well underftood, will render them Mature and
Wholefome?
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VI
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D D A N.I
Wliolefome;
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and not a little contribute to the Healthof Your People.
THAT Your Majefty may long continue an
Ornament to the Royal Dignity/ an Example to Your
Sex, the Delight of Your Subjects, and Admiration
ofEurope^
is
the fervent Prayer of. «
May pieafe Tour Ma if e sty?
i --%
Tour Majefifs mofi Dutiful,
9
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And moji Loyal
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A V
LTHO our ady ^S^alks?
Avenues, Groves Wildernefles
Grotto's, Fountains^ Canals. &c, {of ivhkh have en
deavourd to gratify the C fwHh great Variety
Vlans?
ifter a Grand and more RuralManner than has hen done before, in
my New of Gardenin lately hlifljd) may e juftly pro
portion dy and truly executed in all their Tarts, yet if they are not em^
lellijh'd mth the heft Kinds of Fruits now extant in England, it cannot
le faid hut that they are ^ajily Jbort of thofe Beauties 'which male
them truly Grand and Nohky as well as Trojitalle and Delightful
IF we dd hut conjider the various Forms and Colours of the Leaves
Fruit^TreeSy and compare them with Forejl^Trees, it will le found
rees V ^fjuaJIy-ns lieautfful-T-^Ttt-wh^ff WC COWparC
their beautiful Bloffoms, with which they are adorn d in G springs
their Fruits which fucceed, and their Leaves alfo, with the bare Leaves
}fForeJi'Trees only^ 'tis evident that there's no manner of Compartfofi
tetween them
J
BVT It is not to hi underjiood, that decaufe the Beauties of Fruit-^
Trees are fuperior to thofe of Forefl-TreeSy that therefore Foreji-Trees
are to rejeSfedy and not receivd in our Gardens. And Jince that
Fruit-Trees are hioWn to he beautiful as well as profitable^ 'tis therefore
that I advife the Planting of them with Forefi-^Tfees, in Wildernefles
and other Rural TdrU of Gardens^ that their various agreeable Mix-
tures of Leaves and Fruits, may not o?ily delightfully entertain the Eyes
the Beholders, as they pafs thro the feverat Meanders thereof
hut their Tafte aljo*
J BESIDESi
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V
Vlll The
BESi'DESy from Plantations of this Kkd^ there airways arlfe great
ProfitsJ
{exchji' aforefaid Vleafures) hji
d 'Pears produce good Cyder and Perry Goofehernes an
^ Apples
Currants
mmethe
5Ch Raslerries fine Mixtures in Brandy^ dec
many Services in the Kitchen for Tarts, Sec, all fwhiche/ides
'very ferviceahle and advantageous to a Family, an
loumhly recommended to the Con/lderation of the Judici
therefc iS mo
w
As I have thus advifed the Planting of fuch Fruits which ripen
very well in the open Air 5 namely^ Cherries, Plumbs, Pears, Apples,
Strawberries, Rasberries^ Goofeberries, Currants^ ^c. Ifhall now pro--
ceed to fay fomething relating to the moft dejired Fruits, namely, thofe
produced againji Walls.
THEAp Peach
valuable Wall-Fruits in England, are Cherries, Plumbs
GrapyFig
yd Pears which we have a very
i
great Variety, that are trulygood, when well order d, in kind Seafc
But, to the great Misfortune of mofi of our Nohility and Gentry
very feldom that they have any that are truly good, when Seafon
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tis
kind^ notwit the very -great Expences they are at, except hy i
Accident, when Nature herfelf has a6ied the Part of a judicious Gadener
5a^id the Reafons thereof whollyjmknown to the Gardener undi
whofe ^tre^fonfie has^
IT
greateft PerfeCi
as impojthk that Fruits can ie mature and ripen'd in their
ywhe their are full Crudities that are
confind in them for want of a free Perfpiration, as it is for Natur
equally to fupport ten 'Lo%en of Peaches, &c. ''with the fame Nourijh
ment as when there• ' -^is hit a T)ozen and half
But this is 72ot the dire6i Fault Gardenersy
' two 'Do%en at mofi
as there s no one
them now in England, {the ingenious Mr. Miller of the Phyftck Garden
ever thought) of Crudities hingt Chelfea excepted) that knows
contain d in the f Fruits, which, when
Tafies to le watery and infipid
^Jind^ their
5that fuch Crudities are diflharged hy
Perfpiration, {very few of nsohom know the Meaning of the Word) they
— not to he hlamedfor what they never knew, and therefore 'tis no wonderthat had Fruits have heen nually produced in great ^mntities, even
when\
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The E. ix
4
nsjhen Seajbns were ^ery hi as the ^erfptration of Fruits is d
new 'D'lfcoveryy their paji Errors are pardonahle5 hit for the future 'tis
pe6iedy that they are no more pra6iifedy and the following ftri6ilj
executed^ whereby every GentlemaJi will receive his Fruits in the utmojb
VerfeCiion, that his Soil and the Seafbn can produce-.
»
THE following Works are, in general^ Matters of FaB^ digefted in
fuch a Manner as to he read hy every one that dejires to know the Renfons
and Confequemes of all their Operations^ which I humlly conceive will
e no lefs delightful than Profitable * the Whole heing a new Scene
Nature^ wherein her wonderful Methods of Working, thro'out her various
^rodu6tionSy are fully demonjlrated^ in a concife and eafy Manner^ ca
culated to the Underjianding of the meanefi Capacity^ as well as the mojt
Oolite and Learned herein. ' ^
"'TIS ^ery protdhtey ihdt^ at the jirfi Sight hereof Gardefiers may
e unwilling to depart from their old, uncertain^ conceited Methods^* >
Relieving themfelves either too oldy or too well learned, to learn more than
ihey already know t, or may imagine^ that what is here offered for fheir
Impro'oementSy fnav he lard Chimera*s onh. lih 'unto all which hasay
leen wrote on this SubjeSi ly TheoricaJ Gardeners^ who never had {or
were Ired to) 'Practice, But howevery if they will hut temperately ready
will
I
conJideTy and make Experiments^ on fame of their TreeSy Experie
Opinions
nee
Coon convince em
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/ST is a ^very great Mijtake and Misfortuney <when Nohlemen and
Gentlemen cannot hefixd with good Gaitdeners^y hut are always changing^
and very often from a had to a worfe, which a^Jirft is not difcoverdy
till fome terrible Stroke is made among the Fruit'Trees, perhaps fo the
utter Ruin of theniy and then 'tis too late to he retrieved.
'^-^
THERE is a certain Kind of People in England, who having leen
employ d in the labouring 'Part of Gardeningy perhaps hut for one Month
)will then put on Jp i
and call themfelves Gardi 9tho'y at
thefame time^ they infaEt are no more than Wheel-harrow Men, and
very often hardly worthy of that Office*
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IT is aJfo a very great Mijlake h Gentlemen^ ns^ho Lett tfoeir Gardens
to he kept hy the Tear^ to Undertahrs^ ^joho generally Lett them aga'm
to Gardeners under theniy at ficb very low Rates, that, to fa^e them-
felves, they are forced to Jlight and hurry over every Tart in
ns)orJp; Manner, to the great Trejudice of nz^ell-planted Gardens.
ir
^y Twickenham, in the County c/MiddJefex>
is an hijlance this
Kind, where it mihappily falls out, thai the very hejl Garden of that
County, nay, I may jujlly
faythe only One in England
5 for fuch another
curious Colk6iion of valmhle Fruits is not found in one ardien mT
this Kingdom 5 is made a Sacrifice therehy : j4nd I am credibly inform d
vy a. Labourer thereof, that the Gardener who now has the Care of it^
midef the Undertaker, attempted, the lafl Wmter, to lett the Vruning-
h
ffnd Nailing of thofe mofi valuable Wall-Fruits to the
S^hree-pefice per Rod,
al'ourerSy atf r
I MUST confefs that I was grieved tb hear it, forfiner Trees ife
not in England 5 ajid the Trice leing fo very fmall, the Labourers could
not undertalze the Work, and thereby they efcaped, in Tart, the Fury of
th& unshlfu
4-
However^ to difpaich them in as expeditious a
Manner as e abourers were fet to Work hy the 2)ay)and
left to their own Tiifcretron, ahho' tjjey knew mfloing of the Matter^ any
more than making fmooth Walls, which they fucceeded in^ fir not knowing
the Eloffom-Budsfrom the Leaf-Buds, they cut away the greatefi Tart
of the Fruits : So that during this Manner of Keeping, there has been
very few, or fcarcely any Fruits in the whole Garden, notwithfianding
that it confifis i Twenty Acres, and did feldom or never
fail of being very fruitful before.
I
LF I may may be permitted to give my Opinion, with Relation to the»
Truning of Fruit'Trees in large Gardens, I humbly conceive that their
Truning is the direct Bufinefs of the Head Gardener himfelf, an no
other Terfon whatfoy
pting that any of his Underlings have h
well infirufied therein, who may then un his Eye, perform a Tart
thereof one experienced T will perform more Wor tn one
Seajbn, than any Nobleman or Gentleman's Table can reqmre : and there
fore when unskilful Teople (as aforefaid) are employ d in fuch Worksj either
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ill The G E.
ly the IndifcreUon of the Gardener under 'whom they Work, or thro* his
Idlenefs, the Gentleman mohom they fer'^je^ h certain of leing greatly in*
jtr/dy and very often his Trees are totally ruind thereby
WHEN Gentlemen are determind to Lett the Keeping of their Gar-
dens ly the Tear^ 'tis much to their Advantage, to Lett them to the Gar^
deners themfehes, twho are employ d on the Spot, ^nd not to Undertahrsy
fwho muji have a Fleece out of the Tearly Jllowance for doing nothing :
hofen^herefore my Advice is. That fome reputahle Gardener
theannual Sum in Grofs allow d him 5 for then ^whatever happens amifs
he is ^wholly anfweralle for it,
*
B T this Way of proceedings the Gentleman 'will le fure of having no
Room for Excufes for want Help3
he will he fure of keeping his
mofi valuable Fruits^ ^Flowers^ Roots, and "Plants, in his own Garden,
which many Undertakers are very apt to take a Liking to. And, in a Word,
ifBujinefs is to le well done in this Manner, it muft certainly le hefi when
4he Gardener reaps the whole Gain that is allow dfor
his Labour,an
Expences therein.I
.
THUS much Way of Caution, with Refpe£i to the Bujinefs of
Pruning and Keeping of Gardens 5 / now recommend you to T^raffice,
which is fully declared in thefollowing Chapters
-i-rrftrti-
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41
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ftwickenham^ July
25, 1728.Batty Langley.
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T H
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Principal MattersJ
A B:
BELE
Jdmirabk ^eachEarly-
Late
Folio
47
103
Bakim ^ears
106 Ba
Barren Lands how help'd
Folia
^3i
JiKy a Principle of Vegetables 5 Black Damojine Plumb
4/make about new planted Trees 40
^Iberge ^each
jilhemark 'Teach
jinne feachr
Afplesy how propagated
Table of the beft Kinds
Proper Soils
\
104 Black 9ear ffumh
ibid. BlackJweet
100
5>4
134
2
jipricots
Maiculine
Roman8S
Kinds\ Orange
Turky
Bruxel
Proper Soils
How propagated
Beft againft North-weft
^and South-weft Walls
On what Wood produced
Pittance to be planted at
When, and how to be thin'd
Diftance to ripen at
When to be gathered
How eaten
%9
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JfpeBsy
North-eaft
Eaft
South-caft
South
South-weftWeft
North-weft
North
Autumn Fruits, When to gather
45
88
60
77
7982
8i
ibid.
43>44
4446
4544
ibid.
4
GrapVI
Black currant Grap
33? 34 Black Frontinac Grape
Black Muskadine Grape
Bloody Peach
Blue Fig
Blue 'Terdrigon Plumb
BhJJbm Buds, injurious to prune
Bkedhig-Heart Cherry
Blights
Boggy Lands, how drained
4
h^933y 54 Bordine Peach
Bonum Magnum Plumb
ibid*
"5114
107
118
66
%6
7432
95102
Branches next the Roots ofTrees, perilh
; when too many in Number, by want
of a free Perfpiration
Branchesy their Growth
Their Diftance, that they fhould be
kept from each other, fb as to have
^5
0.0
free Perfp
To. be frefh nailed every Year, and
why
Thofe in a healthy and fruitful State
are preferved by early pruning
Thofe that are weak are ftrengthned
by early pruni
<^4, 66•
66
y
ibib
Thofe that are luxurious are checked
by late pruning
Their Ends, why fome muft be
ibid,
pruned
Why fome are not to be pruned
ibid.
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^L -"n— -"-r
XlV D X.• 'ij:^t-st .!* l»ALn_
Brick Grape
Brookes Peach
Briixel Apricot
Brtinian Neclorinc
jB//^/i their Nature
Their Number in a Stock
Which are to be difplacedj and when
Burdock Peach
Folio
114
103
130
4J
106
C
' "
Carjiation Cherry
Catherine Pkimb
Catherim Peach
Canadd Grape
Cermy Perdrigon
Chefton Plumb
CherrieSy Their Soils
How propagated
107
-JII4
ibid.
1
Stones how ordered before and33
F H
at fbwing .
PijJance to be planted at
When ripe
When to be gathered
When to be eaten
Cionsy How to cut
To place on the Stock
Clay^ how generated
To plant therein
Ckiffer Grape
Claret Grape
Cockagee, an Irijh Cyder Apple
Cattims, How to order
r
ibid.
iMd.
38, 3p
' 2
31
114
116
When to plant
For grafting, how chofen
For Inoculation how chofen 40, 1
Whento
be taken from the^
Mother Trees
CurrantsS6
J 24
i)
A'^, the Quantity that falls in aNightDew and Raip^ that fall in a \Digging
Diapre Plumb Yellow
Double Troy Peach
D/'^?^ (/V/- Pllimb
Dutch ElmDtyj//" T'r^es how ordered at planting
Duke Cherry
How pruned
12
20
31
;'4
03
^4
47
59
Remarks on the Produdion of
ibid
7
Folio
104 Earth the Kinds
A Principle of Vegetables
The Quantity of Moillure con
tained therein
I
S
Eafi mUM Winds
Bloffom
nuriou§ to Fruits in
7
44
Leaves
Dutch Currant^
ibid.
125
4
EdVly Jdmirable Peach
Efpaliers how planted,
Exhalation
Experiments ,
To prove the Quantity of Moifture
in different Depths ofSoils
To prove the Quantity of Moifture
03
59
74
9
a Day from the
fuperiicial Foot of
II
IJ
.porated in
Surface of
Land, more than falls in Dew at
Night
To prove the Quantity evaporated
in a Day from an Acre
To prove the Reafon of ]?runing the
Heads af Trees it the Time ofplanting
A Second Experiment
To prove the great Fdrce withwhichthe Leaves of Fruit Trees attract
Nourilhment, and pexfpire it away 70A. Second Experiment
t
5B
F J ^
49 Figs, their Soil
33
34
36
^^^^ow propagated
Their Cuttings and Laybe topp'd
2
S3
Their Fruits how produced'^ 72Kinds that ripen in' England
Manner of pruning
When ripe
ees their Growth pyramldical
.and why '
l5ow planted *
Manner of prunirig
Potheringham Plumb
Forefl
3418
18
^9
82
Frofis
Fruit 7i lesj when to be grafted
When to be inoculated
Manner of pruning- at the
Time ofplanting jt
When to head
Diftances to be planted at
FruitSy How preferved from Frofts
47
49
74
37
41
'y 58
60
when in Bloflbm
Half grown>
Stt and
Manner and Seafon of thinning
75, 77, 78
77Manner
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i Fol
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Manner and' Seafon of expofing
them tb the Sun %Yhen fully
grown
Infipid and why8
Horfi-chejiiat
HoImam Duke Cherry
Fol
47
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Tf
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Time and Manner of gathering
How preferved in the Con'
. . fervatory
'
Fruits ripen fboner or later, according t
S
"Jean-hattve Plumb
84 Imterial PlumBf:
the different Nature of the Soil1.
ibid
White
Black
Grizel
Frontijiac Grap
Imperatrke Plumb
Imrchui^
Tmculation
.
(
i\j
> «
^•i
-
J
5 InfeBs how deftroyed
'Italian ^each
*fItalian NeBarinS
\ i-»
f
d. iH
1^Yr/A^ (i/v//e
'4lK
<^
40
ibid*
toy
103
113
tI
IfI
00
Gardeners
Their common Method of ordering
1
•tt
Ki
c
f
Fruit Trees
Their feveral
pruning
Their errone<
62
2-
Methods ofr'i
\I tK t
65
r 1 •
jKernels of Fruits, how ordered before
and at the Time of fowing ,
* Their Sealbn of pcrfeding35
Methods of nailingf
the Branches of Fruit Trees
Their Error in pruning theFig Tree
ibid
7
L•
V j t M V
Their Error in dif-leaving FruitTrees 7
Gafcoigm Cherry
Qolden NeBariiie
Goojeberries
Kinds
Ordering
f\i
V-
H 1
I f'-A
i4 r • * J
Graftings the Seafc
(?f^/i
Manner
to loam
To unti(
i
85
103
ibid*
ibid.
37
37, S^
S7
Land to prepare for plantingLeaves of Fruit Trees
. Their Ufes
i 01
1
Attracting NoUrifhment ,.
Are the main excretory Duds
Increafe in Magnitude proportio
ably to the Growth of their
J 1
ibid
r
Fruits<*i
7^,73Preferve the Sap VelTels. from the
r
r
t\
\
\.
^
Grizel Frontinac Grap^
Grapes
The Soils
How raifed
Where produced
Seaibn for pruning
Manner of pruning
f Diftance of their Branches
Manner ofordering in May
Bleeding Seafon
When ripe
How preferved
Gravel how to plant therein
Green gage Plumb
Inj of Heat and Gold
7 y
\
110
III
33110
III
rllO. 112
When produced, and whyPlaced againft Buds, and why ibid
80
7
r^ r^
\ p .
Strawberry
ibid.
[2,113
III
81
82,83
31
5)4120
To be watered in the Spring,whenthe Seafon is dry
Leaf-buds to be chofen for to prune at
Lime-Tree
LoamJhow generated
London ^lumh
Lukeward Cherry
Lightning
Luxuriancy Stopt
/3
1
S7) >
2
68
47i
86
7430
M1 1^
RedWhite
Hi
Hautboy Strawberry
Hermitage Grape
Heat at two Feet depth
Hemskirk Peachn
Houghing
/ .
Magdalene Peach
MafcuTine Apricot
Maitre Claude Plumb
Matchief Y\\^vi^y White
1 20 Maiacotune \
116 May Cherry
16 Meadiate Apple
loj jW/fe Injurious
31 Mirabk Plumb, White
V ^
100
88
ibid.
107
8i,86
Hi3i
Minion
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XVI N
Mimon Peach
Moifiwe necelTary for Plants
Railed by the attractive Power
of the Sun-
And by the attradive Force of
Folio
9
II
Vegetablesi
i
14 ibid
Imbibed by Plants af theii; Roots
Imbibed by Plants at theirLq^yea
How raifed
2
Morello Cherry
i^orifco Cherry
^rocco Plumb
Magtile Plumb
^"^ntabon Peach
2^3
L
«
How propagated
Their Diflance of Planting
Their Courfons ,
Leaves, Bloflbms, and Fruits ?
when and where produced y^'Table ofthe beft Mipds '-
Kinds that produce th^Ir Fruits
tn CLuii^ES at the End^ ^t their
Folid
33, 346o
3
9 '.
3
I Shootsy
Blue
rs-tV^ i
?1 &5 ^ixdrigon Plumbi ^ > White^
A>
Mu^dine Grape
f^ujcat Grape
KindsL
How propagated
W hite
511
9S
. 33
^t?;7^ of Plants
Musk
Cerney
1 »
:0
6^, 79
12
i>3
How accounted for
When performed
Manner
Black• 4 ^ -
4Thmh. i fioinfii
23
27
f j-^ i ^t.
^
N
Nailifigy when and how to be(
l^eBarim
perfornied
uly
{.p^^
Their Soils
Mow propagated
Diftance of Planting
Manner of pruning
When rip
« ^8, ;>o
V* -n H
('^
1
I -
f - >-f
' ^
I
u-i
\
s-^4
KindsN
^ewington Peach
iVo^^ Peach-
Noruh Afjaed
^^rt^wej Afyed:
Smith
OldN
-
Nutmeg V^SLcihW/i
Red1
102, 103
101
'^ 1 04lOI
4^
4J
1 00
^rimof'dm Plumb
Planting ih Pap
In Wetlands
The Sealbn
-»? •' r !
'{*' \
%
4 i.
2,
60
90
S2
48I
Vhid
^/^;?fJ how nourifli'd by Rain,, pew^c, at th eir Roots, Barks, ^ucjs, and
Leaves
%'uning
^7
?r>
Leaf-bud/
- V---^ li
^4<J8
V
o
Qr.chardiS the South-fides of Rivers
Knife to be very keen-edged
The bell Seafon
^orpree Peach
Purple. Jlberge Peach
^urpk Rasberry
%\\ \
I
t t' 1 V
H <!
<-,.
.
imbibe the- humid Steams
^6
47
04
23
I
Orange ApOrleans Plumb
aded by the Sun>
as they
77 Q.
\
I
91
p'Pnvies^
^y^rz^ Royal Peach
^ajs'viokt
^arjley Grape
Reaches their Soil
•9
^y
s
How propagated,
Where produced
1 05)
103
114
2
33, 34
g^wr^i'their ^oil
Bloflbms. an(} J^eaves when and
in what manner prodi^cec}
§l^eef2 Mother Plumb
a.
73
94
tc
Rains their Penetration into the EarthR and Dezythat fall
Ho pnined
Their Goodnefs
Biftance of their Branches
Tables of Kinds
Time and manner ofgatljenQg
When ripe
St. Jeter's Grap
^ears their Soil
99
99loo
108
82
82
Raclicks
Raijin Grap
Year
e
Rajb
Kinds
How propagated
Manner of pruning
Reine Claude PlumbRed Magdalene Peach
II
20
28
11^
•122*
ibid,
ifeid.
ibid.
93*oo
Red
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I'
^-
I
N D X- xvu
Red Currant
Kind Graftifjg
Rickets ^each
R^ts to bg. pj^dSrved
Fdl
i
'9 fTo be foiled
^o be pr^rved froiji Frofts, Winds
To hold at the time of pruning
Their manner of pruning
Their outward Coat or Rind
V
Tahk of Peaches
^.o T'abk of Grapes
\o6 T'ahkof Plumbs
54 7abU of Pcars-
60 Table of Apples"
Traps
Ti'enchim
Turkey^ flumb
ricot
ibid
I.
969
Roman Apripot
Royal WVding
Royal <^mmbRozamia ^eacb
RMt^llion ^each
r-V*.
I
^ k35
'I
101
10• S Of
\
uT
^ H
m^^u uiij
i^^z^fi^ to, cpvex tJie W^ujids of Tiecs
SfjMwherries""
Manner of Planting
Scc^rkt RasherryS^^ds Germinate
4558
120
ibid
ibid
Dilate
^^dh when and how to trani^l
S^ajbns for planting
Service how railed
S^QOts of Trees that are weak how to beftrengthned
18
a 8
57
33
pith's Newington Peach
Soils the Kinds
Their different Natures
'1 i %
k.
South-Eaft: Wall
Smh'fM Afpea: )
^g
n
Sflice graft
Cold
Dry
Stocks
Stock
How headed
grafting
Seaion ofgraftmg
63
. loi
I
43
44>4i. 45
29
29
38
343&
38,39
iS'/i?(:ib large to be Rind-grafted 40
Standard Fruits their diftanceof planting 6^0
Straining the Roots of Trees at . t^nor
up?
Sterility the Caufe
very prejudicial
V How preventeda Principle of Veget^bl
, in Rain and DewSupcr-coeleftial Apple
Swalze Peach
Sweetwater Grape 3
61
ibid.
59
J47
114
Taf-roots
T"1:>
JolioicS
%¥
k
te/Ap
Tiiteon de Venice Peach
3536
95
ICI
C \
V.I
Vegetables their Principles
Imbibe Rain and DeWVinds their Soil
Viokte PJumb
Vioku hative Peach .
t HI I
"
2»1^ Volatile Salt a^Ptinciple of Yegetable^f*-*
44
104
5
-o ,ib WiJ
ibiti: ^fe/ a Principle of" Vegeral)/e5» « I
ftrIts Evaporation in a Winter's I5ay
Its Evaporation in a Year 173- IVaterings necelTary in hot and dry Seafbns 23
36
5ry5^
57> 53
35
_44
When neceffary
PVall-tre'es how pianted
Manner of pruning
Wallnuts how lailed
m'p^wall
fVhitJour A^^Xe
White '^erdrigon .P/unxb
White HoUand Piymb
White ^ear Plumb
White Nutmeg Peach
Whit-e Magdalene Peach
White Sweet-water Graper
White Mujcadipe Grape
White Frontinac Grape
White Fifo-
White Rasberry
Wentworth Plumb
filnter Fruits when to be gathered
^ Mirabik
"JAfatchiefs
Wood Strawberry'
How propagated
141
1 00
lot
113ri4
118
123
P5
White Plumb 9^
12a
121
Y
ToU??g nes require the leaft pruning,
and why
Telhw Diapree Plumb
6%
9S
%Zantoyne Grape 113
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I
:*-^ f
i
t
\
i
«%
;^-'
i t
*:. *w
•
-
R
o?T H
"
f-
R N;
^
ST D..
j^
V
*
.t
•* »
;
H P.TT'lA
-aF
Of
f
Ht
1» *T'
*^
^
I J
*
E firft and moft neceflfary Work to be done, before
we begin our Plantations, is, Either to make Choice
of a proper Soil, or prepare fuch as we have, fit for
the Reception of thofe Fruits which we defi
propag:^ IT
ALL the feveral Kinds o»
Sand
the
y Loam 3
Soil
tis
may
my
be reduced to Three, ^u/^^
Belief, that Sand (only) is
and all others but Compounds : For, as
in his Works of Nature, That Sand being
^ andClay
ure primitive Earthy
Mr. £r^% juftly obferves ^. r ,
moiften d with Water, and worked in the Hand to a Lump, and aherwards
- •
dried in the Sun7
\vill>
when thoroughly driedJ
fall down into a
Heap
\
y
/
/
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r
s
2 M N A: Or7
".
Heap of Sand as before 5 but if 'tis moiiften'd in the fame Manner
)anith Oil
become a very
laid in the Sun to dry, it M^ill incorporatey
and
ar Subflance. So, om hence 'tis very probable,
that different Natures, Colours, and Textures of Earths, are alter'd, ac-
cording to the feveral Natures of the various Juices with which they*
are mix'd.m
NOW fteing that Oily Juices will incorporate with Sand, and become
a hard rough Subftance, and that more or lefs m Prop to
Quantity of the Oily Particles contained therein 5 'tis very probable that
from thence it is^ that the feveral Sorts of Clays are generated.
THE feveral Colours of both Sand and Clay, may very probably
proceed from the different Colours of their Juices 3 for Sand moiften'd
with Water has a different Colour from that mix'd with Milk, Oil, (^c.
Experience demonftrates, that Sand mix'd with Clay^ makes a compound
Earth called Loam 5 which differs in its Nature, according to the Pro-
portion contained between each other.^
c
-kF
EQUAL Quantities of Sand and Clay, perfedly mix'd together
makes the beft (and is called a Middling) Loam.
TWOThirds Oay, and one Third Sand,
makes a very ftrong Loamufually called Brick-Earth. Thefe two Kinds of Loams are th very
beft Soils for Apples, Pears, Plumbs, Apticots, and Quinces : The firfl
lowefl^e Surface, or firfl: Strata 5 and the lafl: for the Bottom, or
StrataI-
*i
L
vTWCi Thirds Sand, and one Third Clay, makes a light Loamufually called Light-Land. Thefe two lafl are the befl Soils for Cherries
the firfl Strata
>
Peaches, Figs, Vor Surfac
&c. this lafl Compofit
fy
and the preceding the Bottom or next lower Stratai*f
VINES delight in rich warm Soils, and therefore the Sand ought to
be in greater Proportion then the preceding.
THE
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. '
w^f^
.4
I'he Fru I G A R » EN Illufirated.
.4
^rj>
THE Depth of thefe tw iSVratas ken needs never e
moie than two Feet, {viz.) The fiift iS^r^? I, or Surface, i6 Inches, and
Bottom, or next lowefl: Stratay 8 Inches : For whatever Nourifli-
mcnt IS imbibe bcl
L
ow this Depth, is crude and undigelled
or wane of Heat t therefore whenever Fruit Trees are fuffer'd to
ftrike their Tap-Roots fo very deep, they immediately become luxurious— n
and their Fruits infipid, by the over and above Crudity of the Sap im-
bibed frornt bclow.
IT has been (:he Pradice of many eminent Gardeners, to make theit
Borders for Fruit Trees full three Feet deep 3 and Mr. Wife and Mr.
London, nay, and even Mr. Carpenter alfo, recommends the making o
Earth full three Feet deep, in their Frmich Tranflation of the Retired
Gardiener}without confiderin the different Degrees of Heat in the
Earth, from i to3
^ Inches deep.
THE Reverend and Learned Mr. HaleSy in his FegetgNe Statlch,
'tis 27 Degrees colder than. 64. has proved. That at two Feet Depth,
on the Surface, and confeqiiently the deeper we go afterwards, the more
cold
.
er an crude is the Nourifliment.
I F we are fo happy as to have the Liberty o making our own
Choice of a Soilfor Pi
)
has not
of
difturbed the
I advife that it
be Land whicl
Spade or Plough within -
or 60 Years, and continually fed with Cattle Th it be ai*
kind, moderate, fandy Loam, of two Spits in Depth, its Bottom incli
able to a Brick-Earth, with a moderate Reel towards the SouthJ
South declining Eaft about 20 Degrees 5 and the Spring7
about teni
twelve, &c, Feec below the Surfi
^
\
TO make Choice of Soils, by their Smells, Taftes, ^c* as Mr. Wife
agrees toJ
in Treatife aforefaidy
is difficult>
notwith
andin that their Steams, or Tafles, may be difagreeable to our Pa
Jyet 'tis vcry probable that they may be agreeable to Pla
Iwhen
Nature has prepared them fit for their NouriHim Befides 'tis not
Powers to determine the Nature of Soils by Smell or Tafte 1 be
fe that all Soils contain a great Variety of J >fome neceffary for
the
I /
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i
. t
O M N A: Or7
the Support of one Kind of Plants,' others for other Kinds, wliich Na-
ture can diftinguifli and make proper Choice of5 but we cannot 5 for
when we fmell or tafte/tis all the Juices mixt together. Extream Droughty
and Clay,
J
extream Wet, caufes Barrennefs in all Kinds of Soils Sand.
moderately moiftened^ w prod
r
divers V^getabl well Timber
Fruit-Trees: The Englifh Elm, Cherry, Peach, &c. will grow
moifl: Sand, and the Oak Pear, Appl &.m
in a ftrong Clay
*.
BUT when thefe Trees are planted in a moderate moift Loam, th
Gi-owth are much
ery other Pi
g in the fame Time : and the like of almoft
the Garden. Therefore when N has not
well prepared our Soil, as the Natures of Trees
end to make good fuch Defeds by Art
require, we mu
t
LANDS th
Mud of R->Ponds,
very light and fandy, are beft manured with Clay
&c, and thofe that are clayey, ftifF wet, c^,
with Sand, Sea-coal-aflies, Street-dirt, and Horfe-dung, well mixt together.
Pigeon*s-dung is alfo a good Manure for cold Lands^ being ufed with
Difcretion.
ALL Kinds of Loams, require lefs Help than either Sands or Clays5
therefore drive Nature beyond its Strength. The beftut we muft
Compoft for Manuring a good moderate Loam, is Horfe-dun^ompoit ror ivianuring a gooa moaerate Loam, is Horie-dung, Cowdung, and a fmall Qtiantity of Sea- coal -afhes, well mixt with the uppermoft of a frefli Meadow, in a Lefta
Jfor Six. Month before
Rotten Leaves and the Bottom of Wood-piles, are alfo good Manures
for ft
mLoams
ALL Kinds of Soils are greatly improved by early Ridging, for light
tf^ereby capable of receiving the wholeBene
and fandy Lands are made
fits of Rains, Snow,& : that fall in the Winter, and clayey ftrong Landsare made melloiv, and fit for the Reception of Seed and Plant
Spring And Loams ing y
s in the
are not only meliorated and fweetned
&^ butby having their Crudities exhaled away by the Sun, Windenabled to imbibe freely the great Benefits of Moifture, throuahout thewhol Winter, as well
e Sunwiiuic yvmer, as well as the genial Heat of the Sun, in t
which are the very Life and Support of thofe Vegetables that we
to propag
Spring;
defire
T
t
CHAP.
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y
I1
f
^
*
I
The Fr u I T-G A R D EN lUufirated.
\
'4•
».
n
H
rthe Principles VEGETABLES.
is well known to Chymifts that Vegetables are compofed of
Five Principles, ^iz. Sulphur, Volatile Salt, Water, Air, and
Earth, and fince that their Nourifliment is in greateft Part com-
municated to them at their Roots, "'tis very reafonable to believe, that
when the Earth is capable of nourifliing and fupporting the Growth of
Plants, ilie is then furniflhed with fufficient Quantities of the firft Fouc
Principles, namely, Sulphur, Volatile Salt>Water, and Air.
«
r
W1 ^
BY the preceding Chapter it appears, that the more or lefs Quantity
of oily Juices Earths are mixed with, fo are th^y more or lefs capable
of receiving Water, Air, &c. For Sand and Loams, wi 1mbibe
Water, with muck
For the Firft having little or no oily Partic
than- Clay and very ftrong Loam5.
Juices, a
mit o a free Entrance 3 but the Clay and (Irong Loams, having great
Quantities thereof, refill the Water's free Paffage therein. j^
.
(
NOW, as Earths are differently ftored with thefe oily Particles,^.To are
they more or lefs farniflied with each of the aforefaid Principles : Which
feems to be a wife Order of Nature. For as Vegetables are differently
compofed of their Principles, fo are the feveral Kinds of Earths furnifiied
therewith, whereby Nature has adapted every Plant to Its proper Soil,
wherein 'twill rive beft.
/
,
"
SUPPOSE an Oak to be compofed of equal Principles, viz. one
Fifth o Volatile Salt)
Fifth of Sulphur, one Fifth of Water, one
Fifth of Air, and Fifth of Earth3
C THEN
J
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M N A: Or,
I
THEN the NourifTiment truly natural to the Oak, is of each an
equal Quantity : But when thefe Principles are unequally mixt, be it more or
lels, in any other Soil, and the Oak is ti
will be retarded proportionably 5 becaufi
fplanced erein e Growth
qual Mixture of the
feveral Principles are difproportionable to thofe of which the Oak is com-
pofed.
HENCE it is that Alders, Willow;
great Quantities of Water in them
Popl & which hav
9
And contrarily, the Oak, Beech, Cherry, Peach
very wet Lands, where the Quantity of Water
thrive in hot and dry Land}
&^ cannot thrive
great a Qi
ty for their Support, which rather difunites their Principles, thanVupports
them Therefore to be certain f adapting every Plant to its proper
Soil, we muft firil examine the exacfl Quantities of each Principle that's
'd in every Plant we would propagate, as alfo in the Soils we in-
tend to cultivat:. And then, if we plant our feveral Soils with fuch Ve-
getables whofe Principles are found to be equal, or nearly eqiial to thofe
of the Soils
tainty •
may affure our felves of Succefs. and work with Cer
whereas what has been hitherto well done by every one in Plant
ing and Gardening, has been by mere Chance only
S T
I
TIS true, that thefe Inquiries into Vegetable Nature are
beyondReacK of otdinary Capthe
3
nd require abundance of Accuracy, Judg-may hinder many from making Refearches
but were fuch a Work judicioufly compleated, ^twould render the
ment, and Time
therein
which
Practice of Gardening certain and fuccefsfi
IT with no fmall Concery
I
that the great Hurry of Bufinefs andWant of Time, have prevented the compleating ofthefe fo-much wanted
which I lliould gladly have obliged the World with at thExpInftant, fince they are the very Bafis and LifeVplanting'and GardeningBut if Life permits, I fliall very fpeedily accomplifli them
e greatefl: Accuracy and Jufinefs will be
which with
communicated, that everyLover of Planting and Gardening, may have a true Underftanding ofthe
lahues, and thereby be always certain of
feveral different Natures
defired Succefs
dQi
CHAP,
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«r
The Fru I T-G AR D EN1
lUufirated.
-
w
I
H III.
Of the Moifture contained in the Earth, for the ProduHion
and Support of Plants.
Light
- -
imperfed when deprived of any one of the feve
ral Colours, of which 'tis compofed^ which the Prifm exhibits
fo likewife Vegetables imperfed, wh7
Principles is wanting. And 'tis very probabl
Principle; WATERSulphur, are j
any o their
y
that th
when that moft neceffary
Ifo wanting
.vantmg, that the Principles of Volatile Salt, and
For
d in Water, rather than in Earth
more reafonable to believe that they
«
THIS
Vegetables
leaft Afliftance of Earth
thrive wi
great meafure proved by Nature, who produces feveral
Spear-mint, and many other aquatick Plants, without the
nay
GarJenei
feem to a(I(
ere are many Vegetables that live and
the Humidity of Air onlyT^BuTmrTntdTurs of the Retk'd
?Mr. London, Mr, Wife^ and Mr. Carpenter do in
the contrary where the Frenchman fay
agree to it, " Ton mil allow, with allthe World, that Heat
general
they
u
a
u
Moijiure are the two Principles that give Life to Vegetables
the Reafon of
3an
Is is, That there is
which animates and fets it upon A6t>
a Kind of Salt in the Earth>
•
(C
((
a
cc
" NOW this Salt can have no Influence unlefs it he diffohed, for
whilfi it is, as it were^ fetter d to the Earthy and fer'ves to compofe
the fame Mafs with it, it's uncapahle of
a new Production ; lut when the Water has
Qi
U
neceffary to
Salty and
mingled it with the Parts of the Earth, the Parts thus anmated^
feparate and communicate themfehes to the Root of the Plants that
their Nourifhment from them»
/ CAN'T
I t
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O M N A: Or.>
?S ••
•^m^
.^
CAN'T lee wherein the Philofophy of thefe Gentlemen confifts.
the Sale of Vegetables is volatile, ' and not a
therefore has no occafion of a DiflTolution to prepare its Parts
rofs Body, and
for the
Nouridiment of Plants.^
t \
the
AND again, if this vegetative Salt were contained in the Earth, why
ace ofin very hot and dry Seafons, when no Rains tall in
fix or feven Weeks^ and the Earth becomes fo dry as tobe unfit for Veg
tation, e thereof mu periflh Becaufe that the Dews (tho
perhaps very great) are of themfelves incapable of penetrating the Earth
deep enough to diflblve the Salt therein contained5 which they fay muft
be diffolved, before it can do any Thing neceflary to a new Produdion.
But e contrary feen that Pi do
make new Produ(5l
perifhj but oftent
in o
Proof that nutritive Sa
very dry Seafons^ which is a convincing
muft e tained Dews which
are then their chief Support,and not in the dry Earth, which is then
rendered nearly incapable of Adion
/"
I F thefe Gentlemen had made Experiments of their owri, and ftrid
Refearches into the wonderful Operations of Nature, they might have dif-
cover'd many of her furprizing Ways of working.
r
THEY might have feen what Prep
Buds, and Barks of Vegetables, to imbibe Nourifhmentfi
when their Roots are pable of communicatin
made in the Leaves
om Dews
>
^
perfpire it away when plentifully fupplied therewith
any, as w as to
1mbibed Trees, <^c, at their Roots
For all the Moifture
making of Sap
;IS not
J
lieved
forming new Buds, Branches, &wholly implov'd in
(But this I fhall fully handl
as IS generally e
Ai hathnown the great Power th
how it fl:rongly attrads when in a fix'd State
State :
Place)—They would alfo ha\
Vegetabfesrowth oy
iirongiy attracts when in a hx'd State, and repels in an el
How it helps to diftend their tender dudileParts, and invig
aftick
Sap : And how?
Its mixing with the other Principl theythereby affimulated into the Nourifhment of the feveral Parts of the Ve-getable, whereby its Growth is carried on to the greateft Maturity ; Howthe Growth of Vegetables is performed
Adion and Re-adion of their Principl
r»fi
?and that
>ite Combination;
the volatile Salt
and\
1
I-
s
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'
The Fruit-Garden lUufirated.
\
and Sulphurous Particles of Vegetables, are contained in Rains and Dews
and not a Part of the Earth, as they imagin*di
>
BUT pardon me for this long Digreffion^ and I will proceed to the
Subje(5l in Hand.
THE Quantity o Moifture effary for e Supp of Piants>
fhould be in Proportion to their feveral Natures 5 for fome del I in
&.uch, and others in lefs,
different Depths, furnifli'd the Surface of th
therefore Natu ably at
Earth with fuch Quantities
^re neceffary to fupport their feveral Natures
AND *tis obfervable, that thofe Plants whole Nature rec|uire but
little Moifture, are fliallow jooted 5 but thofe that delight in much, ex
tend their Roots to greater Depths.
1
'
HAVE made d periments_, in great Variety df Soils, to
difcover the Quantity of Moiftu
Support of Pla
that Nat had ovided or the
in Seafc an find, that the greateft Quantity
always contained in the fecond Foot below the Surf
tindeniable Direction for the Depths of Soils.
3which
AND^the Reverend Mr. Hales has alfo proved the fame, in his
Vegetable Statlchy 5' m t anncr following :
the Ye 714 he dug up a CubicleON the laft Day of July, in
poot of Earth from the Surface of an Alley in his Garden 5 and putting
it into a Cubical Veffel, whofe Weight was before known, he weighed
it and found its Weight equal to 1 04 Pounds one Fourth, Averdupoh.
THIS done, he dug up a fecond Cubical Foot of Earth from the
Bottom of the firft, whofe Weight was I 06 Pounds fix Ounces : And}
laftly. a third Cubical Foot from the Bottom of the fecond, which
weighed 1 1 Pounds + one Third.
THESE three Feet in Depth were a good Brick-Earth3but below
them a Gravel of two Feet depth, under which the Springs did then
run
weigghcd^
*
i
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'
4
A /
I
•
lO O M N
^f^
^^m^
Or9
/
I wejVlied a Cubical Foot of Rain Water3
F
and found its Weight to
very little more halfbe nearly 50 Pounds AiHerdupohy which is
the fpecifick Gravity of Earth : But Spring-water is oftentimes fomething
the Earth or Mineral from
^
heavier, according to the different Nature o
which it fpring
AFTER thefe three feveral Cubicle Feet of Earth were weighed, they
were laid in, that their Moifture might
twas found, that when
be the fooner exhaled 5 and
firft Cubick Foot was become fo dry and
dufty as to be unfit for Vcg>
it had loft fix Pounds + eleven
Ounces of Water, which is near one Eight Part of its firft Bulk
', *L r
THE fecond Cubick Foot being not fo dry when the firft was weighed,
was left fome Days longer, and being then weighed, had loft ten Pounds
of its Weight. ,
THE third Cubick Foot being very dry, had loft eight Pounds + eight
Ounces, 121%^ one Seventh Part of its firft Bulk.
FROM thefe Experiments it appears, That the fecond Cubick Foot
decreafed in Weight the moft, (but indeed 'twas fome fmall Matter dryer
than either the firft or third) and confequenrly contained as much or moreJ
Moifture than that next below it. And 'tis obferveable, that the Roots
of moft Plants that are of a large and quick Growth, poffefs that
Depth, probably, becaufc in that Depth the Juices are meliorated and
made fitter for the Nourifliment of Plants, than thofe that are deeper
which, for want of the genial Heat of the Sun (being crude and un
prepared) are unfit for the Support of Vegetables.
>
BUT notwithftanding that Moifture in the next lower
yet 'tistrata s is not fo well prepared for the Nourifhment of Plants
abfolutely neceffary that it fliould be there in Store, to fucceed that
which is imbibed and perfpired away by Plants^ as they advancein Growth :
For if there was not a Succeffion of Moifture conftantly afcending,
'twould be impoffible for Plants to live in very dry Seafons 5 which will
appear when I come to demonftratc the (Quantities of Moifture imbibed
and perfpired by Plants.
^ AND
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rf
\
The R U I T G A R. D E N Illujirated. II
* _
AND it is from thefe Supplies of Moifture, that deep Soils fupport
their Plants in very dry Seafons, when thofe on fliallow dry-bottom'd
Lands perifh : For tho' the Moifture of thefe deep Stratas is not fit for
the Nourifliment of Plants, when veryr+
eep, yet as it alcends an
comes nearer to the Surface, 'tis better prepared, and at length made fie
for their Reception.
f
\
i
THE Moifture
d by the attradive Pow
d in the lower Strata
the Sun, as we
IS, in lome mea>
as th imbibing
Force of Vegetables 5 which laft is undoubtedly much ftronger
e
have
Tree
firft, becaufe thofe Countries which greatly abound with Woods
planted : For the Roots o
»
gRai thofi are
having a very imbibing Force o up nd imbibe
great Quantities of Moifture, which they are continually perfpiring away
their L'
thereby furnifli the Atmofpl>
tities of Water, which unplanted Lands cannot d
with Q
TIS obfervable that Rains will freely penetrate the Earth Two Feet
deep, but feldom freely deep
not only the Rain Water
7therefore at that Depth there is contained
w
as 'tis
at the Spring Water alfo, in fuch Quantity
raifed by the Two attractive Powers aforefaid :Which Depth Na
feems wifely to-h !inoien not ly that the genial Heat of the
Sun can there prepare the crude rancid MoiftuTe fit for the Nourifliment
of Vegetables, but the fcorching Rays of the Sun, and drying Winds,
cannotprefently exhale away the neceflaryMoifture, fo as to deprive Plants
of their Support.
\
r
IF any doubt the Afcenfion of MoiftD
let them read Mr. Hales %
Vegetable Statkhy Pag. 54 and 55Having thus explained the Man
of Nature's fupplying Plants with Moifture in hot and dry SeafonJ
the loweft Strata s of the Earth5
perhaps it mayn't be amifs if Ifrom
r
fliould fpeak a Word or
freOiing to Plants in dry and hot Seafo
tw in relation to Dews, which arc very re
.1^
by Mr. Hales {vide his Statlch
Pans which were three
BY an Experiment made Jugujl 1 5.
Pag. 5J.)^^ appears, that two glazed Earthe
Inches deep, and twelve Inches Diameter in Surface, fiU'd with pretty
moift
^'
14
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. i. f
-•
r4
M
12 M A: Or?
moin: Earth: increafcd in Weight by one Night's Dew. 180 Grains, andJ
the next Day decreafed Ounce 4- iSi Grains. And that nothing
Accuracy of this curious and ufefulmight add to, or fubtrad from, the
Experiment, Mr. Hales placed thofe two Pans, in two other broader Pans,
I
prevent any Moifture flicking to their Bottoms r
Jwhich mi make
the Quantity of Dew fallen, feem to be greater than it adually was
AND 'twas found that a greater Quantity of Dew fell on that Earth
which was moft moi5than on that which was drier, and more than a
double Quantity on Water, than an equal Surface of moift Earth. For
the Particles of Dew and Water being Homogeneous, do attract each other
with a much greater Force, than Earth and 2)e'W do, that are Hetero-
geneous.
<c
iC
cc THE Evaporation ofa Surface of Water in a Winter^s Day of nine
an Inch, of Ice fet in the Shade for the fame Space ofours, is
time n of an Inch.
NOW if from the above Quantity evaporated y6i Grains, which
are equal to I Ounce 282 GrainsJ
You fubtrad the Dew receiv'd in one Night
The Difference is
180
Jg2
;
V
This Difference of 5 8 1 Grains is the extraordinary Quantity evaporated
from a Circular Area of Earth of one Foot Diameter every 24 Hours in
the Summer, more than falls in Dew in the Night. Which in 2 1 Days
is near i6 Ounces.
ForT
Multiply'd by
The Produft is
582
21
582
11(^4
)
the Quantity daily evaporated
the Number of Days 1
y
\
12 2 22 Grains.
And
f
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J
H M O N Or,
EXAMPLE. \
The Diameter
Multiplyed by
12
12
Inches.
r-
\
The firft
Produa is
Which multiply by
24
12
441
The 2d Produd
which divide by
i
^
'44
144
14-
018
H
044
4*
•
i ^^
1 4) I J 84(11 3 I The Quotient, which is the Num-
ber of Iquare Inches in the Area
I
or Circle, whofe Diameter was
one Foot, or twelve Inches.
qual to Seventh
THE fecond Work
02 remains^ which is equal to tI of the Divifori
t
)to find the Number offquare Inches in a fq
Foot: Which is known by multiplying twelve Inches the one Side of the
J
qual to
by twelve, another Side of the Square, and the Produd wiUbe
Foot
44; which is the Number of fquare Inches contained in a
EXAM9LE.
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\
The Fruit-Garden lUufirated. '5
Multiply'd by
X A M<P11
12
Inches
one o
Side of a Scjuare Foot
other Sides.
24
120 \
The Produd 144 Which are the Square Inches in a Square
Foot as required.
THE third Work is to find the Number of Square Feet in a Square
which are alfo found by multiplying 1 6 Feet andole, or Perch,od,
a half, (the Number of Feet contained in a- Rod in Length) by the
fame, and their Product is the Number of Square Feet required.
The Produa
X M'P E.
Feet:
16
16
96
o
t7%
Inches.
06
06
00
00
00
o' ^
o Which are the Square Feet con-
tained in one Square Rod as
required.
dR^^
AND as an Acre of Land contains 1 60 Poles
culation may be made for any Quantity required.
ior Rods, the Cal
I
AS for Example>
A SQUARE Pole (whofe Sides are feverally equal to \6 Feet
contains 39204 Square Inches, which being divided by 1 13, the Area of
the Circular Foot, omitting the Fradion, the Quotient is ^^6 \^1
a,AND,
I
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• *-
'^ *
I;
%
i<5
^
M N Or>
AND, has been proved, that in i \ Day 6 Ounces were
evaporated from one Circular Foot^ therefore multiply 3 46 (the Number
o Circular Feet in one Square Rod) (the Quantity evaporated\
from the Surface of a Circular Foot in 2 1 Days) and the Produa will
be 895x5, which is very near the Quantity of Ounces that are evaporated
from the Surface of one Rod 21 Day
IF Spjxi be divided
1
\6^ (the Ounces in a Pound J'verdupoh)
the Quotient will be 5 6 2 1 , the Quantity of Pounds Weight evaporated.
V
- F
1 I
«
IF we admit, that one Pound of Water is equal to one Pint, we may
eafily reduce the 562 ^ Pounds into Gallons : For 5(^2 being divided
the>
the Number of Pints in a Gallon3the Quotient is 26 |f,
Quantity of Gallons evaporated from one Square Rod in 2 1 Days.
NOW ly the Rule of Proportion :
\J
11^1
IF, in 21 Days_, 8996 Ounces be evaporated from one Square Rod
what Quantity is evaporated from the fame Surface in 1 1 Days >
7
ANSWER. 428 Ounces, equal to 2<J Pounds iz Ounces, equal
to three Gallons^ one Quarf, and clucc Quarterns
N. B. IF the judicious Gardener does 'weJl conjider thh, he twill
le eaftly led into the Reafons of ivatering Plants in dry Seafons.
NOW, feeing that we have obtained the daily Evaporation of
Rod. I will proceed to a further Enquiry, n)iz. WhMoifture is evaporated in the- Space of a whole Summer
Quantity of
the 1 5th of May, and end at the i jth of 05ioh
3which I begin at
icontaining
1 54 Day
Br the Rule Proportion :
' IF, from the Surface of one Rod, 428 Ounces are evaporated
Day, what Quantity will be evaporated from the fame Surface
Days ? %i
one
154
% ANSWER
i<
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The Fr u it-G ard e N" Illufirated,
-•T'^
- -
ANSWER.J14 Gallons,
65912 Ounces, equal to 41 19 Pounds | >c
SmPiinc, equal to 14 Barrels, 10 Gallons
qual to•
JPint.
• — m--^ a^ «!#
NOW to n
t —
e Quantity of Moifture evaporated from one Acre,
in the fame Time, proceed by the fame Rule 3 %^iz.1*
IF from the Surface of one Rod, 65912 Ounces are evaporated in
1
^ T
54 Days, what Quantity will be evaporated from the Surface of an
Acre (viz. 1 60 Rods) in the fame Time ?
ANSWER. 1 6 J4 59 20 Ounces, equal
to 82390 Gallons, equal to 2^16 Barrels, 14 Gallons.
to ^J9i 20 Pounds, equal
i
\
\
NOW, as have
4
this Calculation, let us proceed a little
Further, and enquire what Depth of Water is evaporated from the Sur-
face of the Earth every Day, whereby fome Proof may be given foe
the preceding Calculation. - .»
J t
i
NIC. Crugmus {as Mr. Hales obferves, p. 55.) N^ 581. of the
(C
C(
'PhiloJbphkaJ Tranfa6iionSy found that 2 8 Inches Depth evaporated in
a whole Year from Water. /. e. tt of an Inch each Day, at a me^niC
u
cc
Rate 3 but the Earth, in a
Inch 5 fo the Evaporation of a Surface of Water is to th/
of a Surface of Earth in Summer, as ten is to three.
Summer's Day, evaporated^^J- Part of an
• r
e Evaporationi
I
4
j
reOR fince that ^l of an Inch is evaporated daily from Water, 'the
fore, in twelve Days, there will be one entire Inch in Depth evapoi^atcdj
and confequently in 144 Days, (which is much about the Length of a
Summer) one entire Foot in Depth, .provi<led that Rains were not, or
do not fall in that Time, From this we may eafily account for the
Wafte of Water in ftagnant Fiflhponds, Canals, &4:."^
- L
*' n
}
BUT fince that the Earth doth evaporate but ^ of an Inch in a Day,
therefore one entire Inch in Depth cannot be evaporated under 40 Days.
AND as the firft Cubical Foot of Earth, in the preceding Exp
ment3
had wafted ?4 Cubick Inches of Water, which der'd the
Earth
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r
"^
^he F R u I T-G A R D^ N. Illujlrated. rp
NOW divide '54 J by 4, the Quarts In a Gallon 31.JL-
I
4)545(1 J (5 f the Number of Gallonsi
4'-I
* ItJ
*'w-
i«iA.
15
r
I ILemainaer, equal to oik Quart
NOW fay, If in 40 Days ij6 Gallons are evaporated from the
Surface of one Rod, how many are evaporated in 154 Days ?
ANSWER. 51 j I, which will appear by mtilti|)lying ij4 by 1565
and dividing thek Produd: by 40^the Quotient will be.ji}
},as
aforefaid. See the Operation. ^ \ ,^
_
THE Proportion is thiIS5
40 : 1^6 :, : 154 : 523 5that is
> -a,.f
As 40 is to i3<^, ici_k_i54 to 523 : Therefore place your Numbers
as following :.
—
40 : 136 : : 154 : ^13
136
(Tf
014
k\ 4
462
'54
^ r ^
The Produd. which divide by 40)20944(5x3 I-
2CO • •
1
94
80f
144
120»
24 Remainer, equal to ||, or,
" or -rf, ot 1.
tl
NOW,
<^
N
V
-
*^
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\
20% M N Or
?
*
NOW, if we compare this Quantity thus obtain^, with the other
before obtain'd, wc fliall find their Differenee to be inconfiderable :
I
The Gallons before found to evaporate from one Rod in 1 54Days, were
The Gallons now found at
Days - -
40 of an Inch per 2)iem for 154
1
The Difference is
5H
5^?
Therefore the Evaporation of Earth is nearly ^ of an Inch in a Day,
as before laid. ^.E. 2).
<c
iC
cc
ACCORDING to the Experiments of the Reverend and Learned
" That the Quantity of Rain and Dew,r. HaJeSj p, J
6. it appears
which falls in a Year, is at aMedi 11 Inches ^
V V
cc THE Quantity of the Earths Evaporation in arYearr
9 +
mer'
, is, at leaft.
Inches, fince that is the Rate at which it evaporates in a Sum-I
Day
ic
i a
FROM which p -f i Inches;- are to be deduced 5. ?p In
ating De
hes for
remains 6. Which 2 Jnchc
from the Quantity of Rain which fell
dedu(5leds in a
<(lead 6 Inches Depth
-^Year, there remains at
:>
u\
plenifli the Earth with Moifture fit for
t>'^ d to fupply the Springs and Rivers
TH IS
16
Inches Depth of Water, with which the Earth is replenift'd
be ,all evaporated in the Spac(\
and Springs and Rivers fupplied, would
of 6^0 Day is but
I
Year
and three Days, were the Earth t^i fo long without Rainswould the whole World be deftroy-d. wer. «,. „.. .„ .
s
World be deftroya^ were
continual circulating Bleffings of -Rain and Dewappears by the following Calculation
:
nineMonths, three Week
So eafily
we not to receive thofe
The Truth of which
IT has already been proved,"that aa Inch Depth of Water israttd in
for Support of Springs, c^,. by 40
therefore tnuitiply ,
6, the Inches
> e NumberDepth o
evapor
Water
o Da that one
Inch
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t >
1
I
)
The Fruit-Garden lUuftratel
\
Inch evaporating, and the Produd be 6± Day
divided by 7, the Days in a Week, the Quotient will be
wl 1 being
equal to one Year, nine Months.
T Weeks
three Weeks^ and three Day
i
The Days that one Inch deep Is evaporating away, are
The mean Depth of Water in the Earth for
40
the Supp c>
Rivers, Springs, Plants^ &.
•
w
The Produ(5t :
Whichdivide
byto one Year, nine Months^ and three Weeks.
Inch
46
4
7)640(9 1 Weeks,cqual
16
7
2f
/
Days remain*
>Now, whilft that \6 Inches deep arc evaporating from the Earth
there will be at the fame time, foiir Feet, five Inches, | Depth of Water
evaporated from Seas and Rivers $ for (as before) it was fhewn, that
Inch Depth of Water was evaporated in 1 2 Day>
f( we
divide 640, (the Number of Day
rating out of the Eartli>^h^i_4 2^ (the Day
om the Surface of the Water)
Inches of Water is evapo
It one Inch is evaporating
c U Tj which
the Depth of Water that would be evaporated in 640 Day
t a)^4o(J 3 i Inches Depth
60
40
- -
Remains, equal to ^.
A
W E having gone ro' fuch Parts that' have inform us ow to
account for the Quantity of Water that is daily evaporated by the Sun,
&c. we lliould now take fome Notice of the Quantity of Moifture that
is imbibed from the Earth, by the Roots, and perfpired away thro' the
Leaves of Plant?.
FOR
/
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* >
.
22M N A: Or
7
P
f -
FOR thereby we fliall be able to determine whatMoifture is fuffi
for the Support of every Vegetable committed Care behold
the great Beauties contained in their different Natures and Conft
THE Experiment mad*'
Vegetable Stattch) will g
Mr, Hales on the Sun-Flower
a yery great Help herein ;
3
was th
obferv'd, That the Space of Ground that its Roots occupied, evaporated
fomething more than ten Pounds, and two Ounces, in the Space of i x
a
Days, and th Plant imbibed at the fame time Pounds3
therefore th
Quantity evaporated an
occupied about four u
imbibed wasr -
bical Feet of G
V
19 Pound
;
: And
Moift
as
ure w
e Roots
ailed
Evap and Perfp was more Earth w^ould have I
porated (had no Sun-Flower been planted in it) in the Space of \ oo /
Days and upwards. For as we allow Pound of Water to a
Pint>
e3 9 Pounds are
3 9 Pints 5 and fince that one Pint contains
Cubical Inches, therefore 39 contains 1404
f
39F
*— J
'
«»«
2 34
117
Frodud: 1404 the Number of Cubical Inches
of Moifture wafted from four Cubical Feet 21 Day
AND fince that the Surface or Superficial Content of four Square Feet
(the Surface of four Cubical Feet) is equal to 57 (i Inches 5 therefore divide
which isqual to
18^404, by 576, and the Quotient will be 2 |||
fomething more than 2 Inches | in Depth, which requires more than
1 00 Days for its Evaporation.\
V...
Multiply'd by
44 the Inches in the upper Surface of i Cubical Foot
the Number of Cubical Feet
The Product is 57^. By which divide 1404
57^5)1404(2 jf The Depth on four* Cubical Feet5
1152*-K^
35^ Remainder, equal to H when reduced.
NOW
V
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•
^
The H U I T Ga R.D E N Illufirated. 2
KOW feeing that the Sun-Flower imbibed the Moifture with very ncai
three times the Velocity that the Sun evaporated it^ viz. as lo is to 2p »
which is very near as one is to three •
vety dry Seafons, we fliould allow four times th
when we water the Sun-Fl
porated by tl Sun. which befo was
Red5
njtz- Pints which is e
provedj
qual to
to
Moift
be
lire IS cva
near 27 Pints
Gallons
r
2)iem
r^And
Powers of Perfp
like of all other Vegetables^ in Prop to their different
I F all the beft Kinds of truits were planted in Pots, and covcr'd*
with Lead, as in the Experiment of die Sun-Flower, we might very
eafily Icnow theit different Powers of imbibing and perfpiring : But then
Care mufl be taken to proportion the Magnitude of the vera>
^s near equal as can be. and to make the Weights o
Plants
the feveral Pots
and Earth equal 5 that by giving each Plant an equal Quantity of Waref
we may every Evening fee the Qiiantities perfpired^
their Weights.
y
the Difference of
I TO be very accurate in thefe Experiments, 'tis neceflary to make
Experiments on
Growth, that we might difi
one5
two
with
>thr four
>Years
what diff(
ve, &c.
Force they im
bibe and perfpir
And when we '<
d their Sap-Veffels hardeny adv^rtTccNel-in^
thus inform'd of the different Powers of Pcrfp>
may, by comparin
L
their Magnitudes with the Magnitudes of other
Plants, know their Perfpirations alfo
AND fmceL
different as the
the Perfpiration of Pla wi be found to b
Deg Heat and Cold 3 'twould be well worth
while place Thermom again our PI to know what De
rees o Heat caufed fuch and fuch Perfp And gainfl thofe
feveral Degrees were placed the Perfpirations of thofe Plants, w
atall times afterwards behold and account for thofe very great an
m
won
derful Op
well
tions of Nature
DireAory alfo,
7which wi
v^
be a continual Entertainment
when and how we are to reliev
i
our Plants and Fruits, in hot and dry Seafo
y^^
2 BUT
^
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24
I
M A: Or?
BUT as Experiments o th Naturbe Lin in
an
willio
bferv'd thro'ouc a whole Summer, I therefore d
to begin this Work the .next Spring, an
Spring
(Go
thro out the whole Summer : after which I will communicate
the
continue it
my
ereon, for the^Pleafu an Improvement of thofe thObfervations
delicrht, and are concern d in thofe innocent Amufements of Planting
and Gardening.
m
n
IV.
*
Of the Manner that Nature fupports Plants with^ 10.-^
Moifture, and its Effects on the Growth oj Trees.
LANTS 'are fupporte^ with Moifture
Springs, &c, which
.
3Rains
yDews
)
receive at their Bark, BudSj and
Leaves, as well as at their Roots
*.^
IN warm and dry, or hot dry Day5they receive Iheir Nou
\
rifhment at their Roots only, becaufe that then they are in a perfbiring
State, and therefore muft be fupported at their Roots only j for Trees
&pen A
3
&c
bibe and perfpire at their Lea?
the fame time : But in an Evening, when the Heat of the Day
im-hen they are changed from their perfpiring to a ftrongly
imbibing plentifully the Dew and Rain, when any happibing State
at their Leaves and Bark
en)
Jas well as Moifture of the Earth at their
Roots.
/
IF difpute or doubt the Perfpiration of Plants, let them read
Mr. Hakss Vegetahle Stat'ich, which, in fad, fliould be read and well
every one that would underftand the Reafons of theirderftood
feveral Opetations in Gardening
2 IN
%f
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^.
JtV .alfqi>»<H^>l» i .-
The Fru it-Garden IHuJirated."~V ^ ^ i £
25
in
but
IN cool or wet Days, the' Perfpiration of Plants is not
they have no Perlpnd hot Days 5 nay, very
great, as
>
bibing State, efpecially in warm wet Weather
AND when cold wet Weather continues a long while, Trees become
faturated with Moifture 5 and then it is that their Sap is full of Crudities,
for want of a drying Air to perfpire it away, which renders their Fruits
immature, with infipid Taftes
THIS is manifefted when wet and cold Summers
even for this only Reafon^ ^tis abfolutely neceflary.herefore.
Branches of Trees fhould be kcp
Air as is r
app3
that le
very m3
as et in much• «
perfpire away the Crudities of the Sap*p • ^
THIS is the real Caufe of the lower Branches of Trees, which ftandr
hilfl: thofe oneing dead, or very near Ky whick together in a Wood,r »
their very Tops are in a thriving healthy State.
r^--
t
i'
FOR notwithftanding that the lower Branches are neareft to the Root,
and confequently receive their Sap before thofe at the Top, yet for
want of free drying Air, they cannot perlpire away the Crudities thereof,
but, being fatuTatcd ' thcrcwk^ at lengthy perifli 5 whilft thofe on the
fiom the Root,reeTops, which always enjoy a
perfpire freely, and expand much. And on the contrary, Trees that
ftand fingle, have their largeft and ftrongeft Branches next the Roots,
and the very weakeft at their Tops 5 for fuch Trees having a free Per-
fpiration in all their Parts, their lower Branches are firft furnifh'd with
Sap, vhich renders them ftronger than thofe that are higher, and lafl:
ferved. And7 •
tis rom this that Foteft Trees acquire their beautiful
Pyramidical Forms, the Force of the Sap being proportionably Ipent, in
the feveral Stages of their lateral Branches, as they afcend in Heighch.
\
AND as every Stage of Branches are fhaded by the next above them
'tis therefore that they become naked, and only produce Leaves at their Ends
as in e Cafe of Trees planted clofe together in a Wood. But if the
middle of Trees are kept open, as Dwarf Trees in Gardens, or very
thin of Wood, then all their feveral Branches will have a free Peripi-
H ration
/
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Jff-
26 M N Or>
/
all their Parts, and confcquently be full of Buds, Leavesy
Shoots.
V
THIS I ad vife.my Readers to confidI
hole Succefs of our Labou which
^r well^ for hereon depends
fhall fully demonftrate whe
come to lay down the Reafons and Manner of Pruning/
BY the preceding Account it appears, That 'tis very Beneficial to
water the Leaves and Branches of Fruit Trees in an Evening, when
. Seafons are very dry.
/
The 20th Experiment of Mr. iffi?/(?^, mention^'d in his Vcgetalh
Statichy p TI
r
at two Feet Depth the Heat is
fiderable and conftant 3 that is5
the fame by Night as by
d that by its ftrong Influence
Day7
}Qt O Moiftu are con
lly raifed from the lower Strata s^ during the warm Summer Seafon,
The Impulfe of the Sun-Beams givin
ccMotion, which
IC
a
r the Support of
e Humidity of the Earth a brisk undulated
Particles, when feparated and ratified by Heat, do afcerid*
Vapour,
watry
Form of
and vigoroufly enter the Roots of Plants
9 *THEREFORE (as this Gentleman further obferves, *. 66.) t)S
eijeve That the Roofs of Vegetables are thus, byery realb
Means of the Sun s genial Heat, continually watered with new Suppl
of Moifture : For if the Humidity of the Earth did not thus afcend
the Roots of Vegetables muft receive all the Nourifliment which they
from Earth, merely by knbibin the next adjoining Moifturc
contain'd in thofe Shells of Earth which enclofe their Roots • and
if fo, why then that Earth which is next to their Roots would be
always much dryer than that which is farther from it, which is not
always fo : And again, if this was the Cafe, why then Plants that grow
in Earth root very (hallow, would be as foon perifh'd for
want of Moifture, as the fame Plants when they are planted in larcre
Tubs, fuch as thofe in which we plant our Orange Trees, whofe Bottoms
preventing the rarified Vapour from penetrating the Roots of the within
planted Trees, they do therefore foon exhauft away all the Moifture
fupplied with
^
d in the Earth of the Tub, and perifli if not
more
AND
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V
k
TJje FrU I T-G AR'D EN lUufirated. 'iiP' 27
AND again, (as this Gentleman further obferves) if Plantwere not
thus fupph'ed with Moifture from the
poffible
Strata Sj how would it bef?»U
them to fubfift in very hot Latitudes, as thofe within i o
or
llain
Degrees of the Equinodial Line, where they are often without
for y Mon
THEREFORE genial Heat of the Sun being in Conjundion
with the Attradion of the capillary Sap-Veflels, the Moifture
imbibed d carried
>
up
is raifed
thro' the Bodies and Branches of Plants, and
thcrice paffing into the Leaves, it is there moft vigoroufly atfled up
thoHe thin Platy
an4
where^'armth,
their SurR
Rapidity into the Air
put in an dulating Motion by the Sun
by it is moft plentifully thrown off, and pcrfpired thro
3whence, as foon as it is difentangled
Jmounts with great
NOW, from what is here deliver'd
ftrong-bottom'd Lands, which
y
9 •
tlS ain, That eep and
ways abound with great Quantities o
1 5, are the only Lands which we are to makeoifture in their lower Strata
Choice of for our Plantations of Fruits : That when hot and dry Seafons
PP•n, they may be able to fubfift without great Labour and Expencc
ill \Vatering,\ which muft be at thofe Seafons when we plant in fhallow,
dry-botrom^ S^'ih^ /"ucJi as Saq^js. Gravels, &c.-
/
y
p.
/
\
/
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)
-^
«MI'
28 FO M N Or'
7
i»
/*•
H V.
Of the GkowTh and Maturity of plants•
Win Seed
V
HE firft Operation of Nature, after
Vegerable, is to imbibe as much Moifture as is necefTary for
its Germination, whereby it fwells with very great Force.
This Force Mr. Hales has proved, in his Experiment on Peafe, which he
put in an Iron Pot with Water, and, as they dilated themfelves7
raifed 1 84 Pounds. Vide Vegetable Statlch, p
they
94p
NOW feeing that Seed cannot ftrongly germinate without a fufficient
rops are produced,
Maxim of fowins
Qiiantity of Moifture, 'tis no wonder that
hen fown late in dry Seafons : Therefore the o
r7feems to be a Miftake
yxcept in Lands that are naturally very
AND fince that Seeds dilate themfclv with
Germination
very great Force ac
eretore ch
e
: Soil
wherein they are fow'd fiiould
ell meliorated by digging, &c, ' not only for their free Dilatations,
but for the more eafy Penetration of their tender Plumes, or firft leading
Shoots into the Air, as well as their Radicles, or firft fhooting Roots
wi their fubfeq Fibres3
in the Earth. For wheny
e Radicles
cannot freely penetrate the Earth, 'tis impoffible that they can imbibe
fufficient Moifture necefTary for the Produftion of good Plants.
N IF any Sieji\ to e
N Genmnatton of Seed to the Formation
them read Mr. Hales'5 Vegetable Statick
tformd homo Nature operates ft
Biidi Shoot
om the
&c. let
}^9yU9J ?5
THE Shoots or Branches of Trees produced by the gradual Di
V
latation and Extenllon of their Buds ; for all Branches and Fruits areform'd in the very fame Proportion as they afterwards appear when fliUy
grown. ~
SOME
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{
b '
o
».
t-*< M N Orm y
•
'f 4
*tr-
\*
% ' - T
• *
#
J*
H VL«
#
^
0/^ //j^ Manner of Treparing Lands for Plantations of
Fr u I T-T R E E S.
H E befi: Seafon for preparing Lands, whereiti we defign to
make Plantations of FruT - --'
the Moifture of th^ Ground
O^oler, or as
admit.
foon after
»
-?
1 •
tisIF your Land is deep, that is, when. about two Feet in Depth
bed to trench it two Spits, and the Crumb (as term'd by Gardeners)
in Depth, laying the Spit that is taken from the Bottom in Ridges, that
the Cru-the Winter Rains and Frofts may mellow it, and exhale away
dities ereof. But if your Land is flbalJow, the bc/l Afetnod iIS to
it one fingle Spit Only, and that to be laid in Ridges, for the Reafons
aforefaid, and level'd down in the Spring following. ;
%'
I F your Land is not over frefli or rich, Would be very ferviceable
to mix in the Working a good Coat of Horfc-dung well rotted, fuch as
old Cucumber and Melon Beds^ &c, but not new Dung on any account,
it being perfed: Poifon to the Roots of* new-planted Trees."
i
IN the Trenching of Land, Care fliould be taken that the Workmen
don't leave Cores of undifturb'd Earth between the bottom Spits of eachA
Trench, as they are apt to do, when they work by the Grate, (nay
when by the Dayj and that their Spits are of a moderate Size 3 for when
Lands ^re digged with large Spits, they cannot meliorate fo welly
as
when with moderately fmall ones, and confequently are then lefs fit for
the free Penetration of thofe Roots which we dcfire fliould thrive
therein. . t
h '
r -
WHEN/
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i
The Fru IT Ga R DE N IJluJiratel
,rA %
WHEN by trenching the aforefaid Depth, a hungry; raw, or (harp
Bottom comes it>
ris e vc off, and
tjoodnefs of the Land ^t -m
And if at
o no deeper than the
ft the whole Depth ap-
1 8 Inches m Depch^ the
firft Spit of a green Sward, or Meadow,r ' -
which has not been brokeup by Spade or Plough within the Knowledge
pears to be too fliallow, that is to fay; lef
only Method is to rdife ic with the
Vv
o Man, and where Cattle has <^'oritinnaily been fed But or . want o
Juch Vii'gin Earth, as Mr. Evelyn calls i't^, wFmuft make ufe of the very
befl; and freflieft we can cret. and there\Vith make the o-ood 'Land about
Feet Depthv «
i ^ A
,t
WHEN Lands in general are of very unkind Natures, fuch as fliarp
Lands, ftifF cold Clays, Gravel, t&c. len we mu)
at proper
Diftances, fink Holes of fix or eight Feet Square, and two Feet Deptl1>
1 the Land is dry3but ir CO
)tis much the e Way to raiife a
Quantity of Earth, of the aforefaid Dimenfion, upon the Surface of the
natural Soil 5 which Earth fliould be repared in a Leftal, as direded
in the firft Sedion of the fccond Part of my Ne^ Principles
Gardening.-1
1 ^ »r4
AND (incc chat Fepu^rees (cipeciayy Pear-Trees) are apt to flioot
down Tap-Roots inC) the lower Strata s, where the Moifture bein
tritde and unprepared, renders their Fruits infifid, and Growth luxuriousJ
tis much e beft Way, "when we plant" our Trees r not o toly
prune away every Root that feems to tend downwards, but to pave the
Bottom with Tile-flicds, Brick-bats, &c. alfo to prevent others, which
Nature iiiay afterwards produce, from entering therein.
31
».
)
i
WHEN Lands preparedfitfi the Reception of Seeds, PI>
Trees, &c. they fliould conrinually be kept mellow, by frequent Dig
gings, Houghing M; &^ otherwife our firft Labours wall be
For fince that the Moifture which fupportsin vain ;
Plants in ^ Seafons, is,
Roots of
reat art, attraded up by the kindly In
fluence of the Sun 5 'tis therefore abfolutely neceflary to keep the Surfac
mellow, that the Heat may have a fi"ee Penetration : And not
r
t t
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..*
.»
22'*
*-*
O M N Orm t
'%
7
the only Reafon, but by often DrcfTings>
as aforefjaiJ
the Rains (when
they happen) have a free Entrance, and confequently flore the Earth
>with greater Quantities of Moifture, neceffary for the Support of Plants,
than when the Surface being hard and refifts, the Moifture cannot enter^
but is immediately rennanded back into the Atmofphere.
t
"H
*v
WET boggy Lands are beft drain'd dry by Ttenches dug in proper
ices, to convey away the too much Moifture to fome proper Place o
Reception3
an fuch Trenches are filled at BottomsJabout
one Foot high, with Pot-fherds, Pebbles, Brick-bats, &c. they will
always keep an open free Paflage for the Water5and want o
Laying of Bufhes^ r fagg BeechyAlder, Ozier, &.
them
will en-
dure many Years, and anfwer the fame Endt
T
'I*
m
L t -
' '
i
• -
#\i£»
J*^
*
r \
.:%'
- '
T
T
I
' s*^
t
-^ V
X
. 4
'\.
*v
."
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r
. i -A.
The Fr u it-G ard e N lUufiratel
w
33
Jwl»^
m
The Manner
J*
VIL
their
plantin
raijing Fruit-Trees in a Nurfery
Grafting , Inoculating , and Manner of Tranf
againji PFalls^ Efpalierr
05J";&C
HE feveral Methods of raifin Fruit rccs, are from SctSis
Cutti
J
Kernels, Layers, v^uccings^ orarcingraftiyand Inoculation.
THE feveral Kinds of Cherries, Apricots, Figs, Apples, Pears>
Peaches, Plumbs, Walnuts, Service, and Mulberries now in bein)
were without doubt originally raifed from their Seeds or Kernels 5 but
our ufual Method now to pro^gagate them, is, either by Cuttings, LayersJ
Grafting, or Inoculation,
'^f
t
THE feveral Kinds that may be propagated by Cuttings, are the
different Sorts of Grapes and Figs j but 'tis much the beft way to encreafe
them by Layers.
WHEN we are to encreafe them by Cuttings, we fhould jufl: before
the Fall of the Leaf take off the Cuttings from the Mother-Plants 5 and
plant them inaving prun'd them to Lengths of about two Feet each,
an Eaft Border, well prepared by digging, ^r. for their Reception, ob?
ferving to lay them in flopin as their lovveft Parts don't exceed a
Foot in Depth. They fliould not be nearer to each other than a Foot
at the leaft, for they are both Plants that require a great deal of Air to
perfpire in.
THE
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34OM N A: Or»
THE Vines muft be cut at a Bud, but the Figs muft not be topp'd.
and 1 their Ends are but four or five Inches out of Ground>
tis
fufficient.
k
IT will be very proper to lay a Coat of good rotten Horfe-dun be-
tween the Rows^ which will not only keep the Earth warm thro'out
the Winter, but moift in the Spring, when they are ftriking Root, and
advancing in their Growth.
AND \i they are fuifer'd to remain there for the Space of two Years,
before they are planted out, ^twill be much better, than to remove them
the firft Year after planting.
' _ ^^
N. B. IF the Spring after the firft planting of the Cutthigs proves
dryy 't<will he very necejfary to keep them moiji^ ly frequent Wa^teringSy nsohich mil add "very much to ther Growth,
-
BUT the beft Way of raifing thefe Fruits, is by Layers, becaufe
the whole Timehat the Mother-Plants are a conftant Support, durin
of their ftriking Root.
THE bed Seafonfor
Workis
OMer. for
the whole Winter to imbibe fufficient J >
len they haveceffary for their ftrikin
Root early in the Spring' 4. ^
THE other Kinds of Fruits^ tvz. Cherries, Apricots, Peaches?Pears
Plumbs, &c, being propagated by Grafting and Inoculating, we muft
before we proceed thereto^ confider of the beft Method of rai
beft Kinds of Stocks for thofe Ufcs.
>
'«H'
n
•
'
CHERRIES are commonly budded or grafted on Cherry Stocks
which are raifed from the Stones of the common Black Cherry.
J^TLES are grafted on Crab Stocks,
raifed from the Kernels of
the Crab, as alfo on Stocks raifed from the Kernels of Apples, of which
that called the Taradice, is the beft to raft on to make Trees of
fmall Growth, and produce Fruits in great plenty very early
'PEARS
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The Fruit A R D E N (llujlrated,
*% t
TEARS are rafte
^
upon Pear Srocks, raifed from the Kernels of
the ildna Hedge-Pear, and on Quince Stocks alfo, raifed from Cuttings«r
rafte on Pear Stocks^, are bed forr Layers. Thofe Pears that are
light, mellow, warm Soils 5 and thofe on Quince Stocks, r wet and
cold Lands, fome few Sorts of Pears excepted, that will thrive better on
Quinces then on Pear Stocks : & contra.
TEARS may be grafted on a White Thorn, and Cherries on the
* Laurel, but the Fruit is n
Cutiofity than Ufe.
othim the better^ and pradis'd more for
ATRICO TS and Thmh are both rais'd on Plumb Stocks, thefirft
by Inoculation, the latter by Grafting,
TEACHES and Ne^arines are propagated by Inoculation, either
dSt.n Peach Stocks^ Almond Stocks, Mufde, White Pear-Plumb, an
Julian Stocks. Thofe on Peach and Almond Stocks, are beft for hot
light Lands, and the Plumb Stocks for thofe
cold.
that are more ftrong and
But there are many Sorts of Peaches that are very difficu to
make take on either Peach or Plumb Stock, that will very eafily on the
mmen cJ rious, That all theirApricot5
Trees, which they intend to be of the beft Kind of Peaches and Neda-
lines be firft made Apricot Trees by Inoculation, and afterwards budded
with the feveral Kinds of Peaches that they defire to have plenty of
CHERRT-STONESy^nd Kcmds oi Cr2hs and Pears, fliould
be laid thin and well dry'dy
n firft of the Pulps3
and as
foon as the Moifture of the Winter will permit^ they fliould be fown
Beds o
moift
well-prepar'd Mouldj that is . in Nature moderately and
being d with/fine-.Mould, about two Inches thick a
good Coat of rotten Dung over that, to prcferve them from the Winter
Cold, during their Germination.
/
YOU mu not forg to fet a fuflScient Number of Traps for the
catching of Mice, which othervvife will deftroy e Kernels and dif-
appolnt you of your Hop And in March, when the Frofts >
%and
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O M O N Or7
ive the Surfaceand the Spring coming on, take away the Dung, and
a gentle Houghing over^ that their tender Plumes may eafily rife thro'
the fame. .
-
IF e Weather proves ry durin the Months of March, Jpril and
May^ Will be very proper to give them moderate Refrefhings ofV
Water, being always kept clean from Weeds, which every one is ex
peded to do, that is a Lover of Gardening.
WHEN the young Seedlings are arrived to the Magnitude of
eir Stems, they fhould be tranfolanted oommon Tobacco Pipe in
of the Seed-Beds into a Nurfery, planting them at i 8 Inches Diftance
from each other, in Lines three Feet afunder 5 for then, by having a free
alway
f(
culating abo them)
they wi
than when planted very clofe gether,
ecome Trees much
after the common
Manner ufed in Nurferies5
where, for
want of afree
drying circulatingAir, they cannot perfpire away the Crudit o
quently cannot thrive
their Sap, and confe
WHEN the Stocks o
half
young Plantation are arrived to about
Inch Diameter in their Stems, they are or Graftm
Inoculation, The firfl: Operation being to
and March, znd the other ia June and July
an
e F orm February
THE whole Care of thefe Worfy
is, to take Cuttings of fuch
Fru we would propagate, from Branches that
not rom fuch as are luxurious, which willruitful State, an
duce any Fruit under a very long time 5 and thofe
are the beft.
a healthy and
not pro-
Year's Growth
TIS bfolutely neceflary to e o/
Cuttings for Grafting full
Month before they are grafted, that, being fomething checks, they maygreedily imbibe the Juices of the Stocks as foon as grafted, and thereby
confirm their Unions inftantly, which Grafts that are cut from a Treethe Inftanc of Graftin
g
with Moifture as the Stock
its Juices^ inftantly perifli.
do, becaufe then they are as re
?and therefore ftead of ftrongly attrafting
^ BUT
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The Fruit-Garden lUuftratei\
V
BUT tho a e e
4
king of Curting om Trees Month
before e Time of Graftp
ic muft e dcrftood that they
are to lie out of the Earth all that T mufi: be with their
Ends about three or four Inches in
a
Length,
dofed
them at the Time of Grafcin
under a North Wall, until
in the Earth, well
Du immediately ufc
t
CHERRIES ^i\i ^lumhsiixc the firft Fruits we" begin
th, whichis generally about the Middle of Fehhia
grafting
Pears abou
Beginning3an Apples the Middle or End of March, hen the Sap
is a httle rarified by the Heat of the Spring 5th
win rife freely from the Wood.
yfodn as the Bark
I
? \ i
\.\
THERE arc feveral Ways of Grafting Fruit-Trdes5 fome bein
for Stocks that are fmall: others for thole that areroper
large 5 and laftly
moderatcly
Jothers for Trees that are very largely grown.
*-^ j
, i
^ -
ITHE feveral Methods of Grafting maybe reduc'd to three, n)i%.
1JWhip or Spltce Grafting^ proper for Stocks of the fmalleft Size
5
Stocks of a middle Size 5 and laftlydly, Stock Grafting^ proper
Kind Grafting^ P'^^P^^'" Trees thac are largely grown
)
K
"%
viiI M
THE flary Inftruments r thefe Works^ are, ^ very good
Knife that cuts very
ftrong Pruning'
mooth and clean for cutting the Cions 5 a 00
Knife for to head the Stocks with : a Saw to cut ofFfuch
Branches as are too lar e for the Knife 5 a Grafting-Chizel for opening
the Cleft Stocks, whiift the C ac A good Quantity-
found Bafs'Matting
Horfe-dung
with well-prepar'd Loam, well mix'd with fhort
5 and Wood-aflies^ to work their Hands when the Loam
IS little too moift or clammyc
BEING prepar'd every thin^ is in readinefs for Work 5 butt»
much the better Way to have a Boy or Man to loam after you, than
loam your felf.
I TREES
\
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L
38^< V M O N A; Or
7
t
TREES that are intended for Standards, mufl: be bedded at about
five ItGt high 5 half Standards at three Feet 5 and Wall-Trees at fix or
eight Inches above Ground.
4
THE Manner pf Spl
makin
ce-Gfkftjn
an oblique Sedion.
ed Whip.Grafting) IS per rm
or flopin Cut like a PenJ
in the1 k
Cion, (as the Section c^ Fig, I. ¥Iate I.) with a Slit upwards rrom nea
the Bottoni 3 tlien having cut^a Tmall Part'dut of 'the Top of the Stock
fit for the Reception of the C the inward Sed7FigAY, wi a
downright Slit therein, as ^- place thereon the. Cion ay
as the Si»
of the Cion5bein /=
Slit of the Stocky
e lower Part of the Cion yFig, III. may be exadly fmooth with the lower Part of the Cut the
Stock at t^Fig.lY' And if it happens that the Breadth of the Stock is greater^ ^.1
than the Breadth of the Cion, be fure that you pi the Cion
Side of the Stocki
as for their Barks lie
with each other 5 for then
each other, they can
xadly fmooth and even
eafier
Sap-VeiTels being pla^'d dire<5lly over
you havenite ether If when
placed your Cion in the St3ck, they do not fit clofe together, you mufi:.
with-'Bafs-Mat, bind them clofe, fo that the Wet or Air cannot
petween, and difunite their Union? You muft alfo be careful
the
get
fee
m well loamed
r
that the Loam is well clo/ed at the Tops and Bot
toms3
that it is not put on too w tywhich wi it to fall imme
diately, and that 'tis well work'd in all its Parts, fo as to have no Cracks
thereint
I•
4
C
WHEN you head down a Stock for Grafti;ig, you muft be careful
:re the Bark is pes-fedly fmooth, and freeto cut it off at a Place wh
fiom Canle7Mois, &,
*. v M
TIS bfolutely neceffary that cut your Cuttings or Cion againfl;
Bud, as at hy Fig. I. and that you have at leaft two others above it fior 'tis
by the attractive Power of the Bud
and
7that the Cions draw Nouridiment
-»«
AND
I
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The F R u I T"G A R D^£ N ) IRufiratel B9
AND'tis alfo highly; neceflary that juft under i\\s, Giafc, as at /,> 1
Bud be left, to attraft Nourifhmenc for, ,(^t
perfpire away the Crudities thereof. . ^'
Suppprt o£ the Graft, "and
^ IN May, wheni>
t Cions are united, and have produced " Shoots>
you muft rcleafe them of their Bandage, ' (the Bafs with' which you bound
them) or otherwife they C&nnot dilate themfelves'wich Freedom, an
confequently will not thrive fo well. You mull alfo at this time dif-
charge the Stocks of all theit Jateral Branches, which' before were fuffer'd
to grow, to draw upi the Nourinimehc as faid. V
r )
i
STOCk Grafting, or Grafting in the Cleft, moftly iifcd for Apples w
9
is perforni as follows:
^^^^^^^ ^w 4^I *
rlb
FIRST, having determined your Pkcc* to graft at3
fit
V^V
your righc
Foot againft the Stock, and with your Pruning- Knife cue it ofiF floping^
then placing your Foot at /. agalnfl: theas q? ty Fig. IL 'I^Jate I.)5
Stock to keep it ftedfaft, fmooth down the Head of the Stock hohzbn
tally, as the Line / j^, fo will-tbc Head of your 'Stock become level^
as i Fig. Ilf. This being done', apply the Edge df iyour Pruning^Kniffi
downwards, -from* chc*»To o the Stock at / towards h^ and with ft
Mallet, make the Cleft i hy and fo is the Stock ready to receive the
Cion qn'y Fig* Y.' - x
J t
^*
BUT this Work of heading down the Stocks, fmOothing, an
cleaving them, (hoiild be done by aoptber Hand^ that you may have
nothing to do but cut
perform ^s follows :
the Cions and fix them in the Stocks 5 which
? -^
THE Stocks being cleft, you muft therefore cut € Ckm m tnc
Form of a Wedge, zs n m Fig. V. which rnuft always e cut fronfi i
as at rriy for the Reafons aforefaid 5 and then with i Graftin
as that their Barks
Bud,
Ch:zel open the Slit, and place the Cion therein^ 10
may be exactly even and fmooth*
6t/T
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40f
^ *
'V, M N A: Or?
BUT if the Bottom or the Cur, Part of the Cion d^ were cut ob-
uely, as at o Fig. VI. they wOtild be eaficr and better^ placed3and-
then being loamed^ as aforefeid, the Work is done.
•^
<
WHEN Stocks are very Jarge, fo as not to be cleft^ they mufl be
grafted in the Rind, an old and common Way, well known to mo
Countrymen, and therefore fliall omit that Defcription.
*
* \s
BESIDES all ele
that
w
feverat Ways of Grafting many
are prad:is'd in Hertford and "Devonfhkey by the Propagator o
Cyder Fruits, which are not worth the Notice of the Curious, and there
re left out."%
i
\.
\
T
TrtE Manner of In-arching, or Grafting by Approach, being chiefly
omitfed on Orange-Trees, I fliall therefi
fuch Exoticks are intended for another Work
fince Culture of
' 'i
f-X
\--
*>*t
1
It* INOCULAT ION or Budding (atid^ indeed Grafting ^Ifo) is muchfooner learned, and better underftood
form'd
}feeing the Op
a skilful Nurferyman, than by Ten thoufand Wordstherefore to offer any Diagrams of that Kind would be needle fs.
3
per
an
1
t
: f
:s yi -
\.
BUT however it mayn t be amifs if I fliould fpeak a Wordrelation to the proper Seafons, Choice of Cuttings, &
two
r
14
i^
THE Seafon forg Trees is, from the middl of
'
Wood5
1
June to about the middle of Ju/y, whilft the Bark rifes freely from the
the Weather is cloudy and wee, 'tis fo much the better
becaufe, thatwhilft the Operations are performing, the Sap, both of the
Bud and Stock, are not prcjudic'd by Heat ? And therefore if the Seafonhapp be dry, the only Times of the Day for
early in a Morning, and late in ati Even
the Horizon
Work"\
IS, very
juft before the Sun is below
Xn
«v
9\
' *'
^TIS as necefl-aryto be curious in the Choice of Cuttings from fruitfu! Branches for
Inoculation> as was before faid for Grafting5 but
thefe
^
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The Fruit-Gard?n Illujlrated.
*
thefe for Inoculation fhould be ufed as foon as tlicy are taken ftchi tlie
Tree, or otherwife put in Water, and kept frefh till i^fed
41
ONE Bud in a Stock is g to form a 00 Tree"i a
but
'tis much
fhould fail
T
better Way to put two Buds in each Stock, left one only
V
1
IN the Choice of Cuttings, particular Care fliould be had to their
Buds, mz. That they ar^ not Bloflbm-Budsy
which are k
bein doubleJ and neverproduce Shoots, as we efire when we
late. And likewife that ey are not Shoots ways V in\
the Shade, whofe Buds are immature for want of Per/p
that are ftrong 1>
always pofleflcd a ree
but fuch
rculating
Air, and of the fame Year's Growtl
WHEN three eks or a Month IS aft, after Inoculation, you
a freefhould releafe them of their Bandage, that the Stock may
Dilatation : And if your Buds have taken, they will appear very plump
and of their natural Col7/
as when firft put in. If that Part of the
Leaf which is left to the Eye pf the Bud ro off freely, 'tis good
% that they are united7but if it withers and fticks firm thereto, tis
a certain Sign that the Bud is jying or dead
IN Fehruaryj after Inocul5you muft ey your Stocks, and
thofe that have their Buds perfed muft be headed off, about three Inches
above them, that in March the whole Nourifliment of the Stock may
the Bud, which the firft Year wibe fully applied to the Growth o
be very confiderable, and efpecially if a the lateral Shoots of the Stock
difplac'd when they ppear
THE Mafculine, Orange^ and Romm ApJ
are the firft Fruits
that fhould be inoculated3and after them. Cherries, Peaches, Plumbs
->
Pears, &c. And it often happens, that it you taKehat tak the Advantage o
bef(the Beginning of the Seafon, you may,
inoculate fuch that have miffed at your firft Inoculat
the Seafon Re
\
M "PEACH%
'-.
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^
,'
42 k M N A: Or)
•-»
TEACH Stocks are generally large enoug to
after their Kernels are fet 3 but Cherry Stocks, Plum
till the third Year^ and fometimes not till the fourth.
p
raft the firft Year
Stocks3&c. not
THE next Spring after the Buds have made their Shoots, thofe
Parts of e Stocks which were left above e Buds?
ould be cut
away
fuet.
clofe to the Bud, and cover'd 1 a Salve made o Mutton
Bees-wax)
an RofiinJ
as fliall dirciSl: in my Chapter on
Pruning the Branches of Fruit-Trees^ to preferve the StockL
Injuries of Wet, which \s oftentimes deftrudive to them.
rom the
V.
'^
i-^
\
t'*
\
,a^
ki^-l^- -
3,
>
*r-/
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\
Tlje R. u I T-G A R. D E N Jllujlrated.43
y
Hf
Of ASPECTS
VIIl
and AcciDENts
«
\
%
IS very unreafonable to expedt that two South, or Eaft,
&c. Walls, in the fame Laticude, planted with the fame Fruits,
of the fame Age arid Goodnefs, ftiould produce Fruits equally
as good and early, when^ the Soil of the one U a moderate, lighCj
warm Loam, and the other a ftrong, cold Brick-Earth, or Clay.
•i<-
fTHESE different Natures and Qiialities in Soils dre feldoni confidcr'd
and therefore when good Kinds of Fruits are planted in bad Soils, of in
Soils^ whole Principles are diiproportion^d to thofe of the Fruits, they are
either faid to be bad Kinds_, (tKo' naturalfy rcry good) or elfe the Judg
ment of the Gardener is condemned, notwithftanding that he
mayhappen to be one of the bed Sort, as Gardeners ate now a-Day
AND when it falls out thatrbad Soil and a bad Gardener hapberi to
meet together, which is the very Cafe of ten Gardens to one thro'out
Enghndy then the Produdion muft confecjuently be very bad.
HAVE known fome Eaft, and even North-Eaft Walls, whofe
Soils have been very kind, produce better arid earlier Peaches and
Cherries, than fbme South and South-Eaft Walls, whofe Soils have been
very wet and cold : Therefore when People h^ve good Afped:s and bad
Soils, 'tis impoffible they can have any good Fruits : Hence it appears,
that to have good Fruits, wc muft firft confult our Soil_, and if, upon
Examination, it appears to be incapable of the Produdions we exped.
why then our only Bufinefs is to help Nature in the beft Manner that
our Place and Conveniency will permit
2 THUS
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i'^^V
;t
I
«
*.
The FrUIT-G ARD EN JUujirated.%
%
.•
. -f
47• *
*
IX.
Of the Manner>
defend
Planting Fores t-T r e e s
Injuries
North9
Plantations of fruits from the
and Weji W^inds.
to
HE moft proper Kinds of Trees for this Purpoft, arc the
Lime-Tree, the Eiiglifi and ^utch Elms, Horfc-ChcfnutSj
Abeles>Poplars
>&c. M
THE firft Work to be done, is to prepare the Soil fit to pla
d if it happens to be naturally a good frefli deep Loam>
com
mon Trenching~is Tuffi cient, being p orm as early the Winter
the Seafon will permit, which is alfo the beft Time to pla
V
' BUT if your Land is poor, then you mufl: help it with frcfli Earth
Compoft, &c.
Feet Diameter,
?
and perfectly barren, then you mufl: fink Holes of
two Feet Depth^ taking away the barren Earth, i
mak frellie good a
ded in the firfl: Chapter hereof.
untried Earth, Compoft, &c, as recom
\
SOMETIMES it happens that the firfl: Sp IS cryg
next ood noth in•>which is much better than wh
ood, and the
IS
\bad becaufe then the lefler Addition of frefli Earth, &
e whole
will fufEcc
BEFORE you your Treesy
the Hole bei.-^ chopp'd very fmall
the Turf at the Bottom of
g a llnall Hill of fineA -
fiefh Earth where the Tree is to be plac'd, bed the Roots therein
carefully fill in and dofe them well about all their Parts,
>
that there be
I
hollow
y-f
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H*
4
'i
>^ "-^
M N \. H
Or*t'
>
*.*
-»
hollow Places left, where the Earth cannot clofe abouttheir
Roots, which>-
oftentimes is the Death of many fine Trees.
'-n
THE Method of Planting Trees in Pap, much pradis'd that
reat Encourager of Planting and Gardening, e Honourable James
ofJohnfon of Twckenham^ is a very fure Way for the well mixin
Earth about every fmall Fibre, whereby the Roots are enabled to imbibe
Moiflure with great Force. . ,
WHEN Lands are wet and cold, plant fhallow, and in the Spring5
hot r>.
yor moderately moift, a moderate Depth, and as
y
foon in the Winter as the Moifture of the Seafon will perrnit \
^^
'
>
THE Diftance that thefe Plantations of Defence fhould be om the
Walls or Bounds of your Fruit Plantation, fhould be about yo or 6o Feet
or more if your Land will permit.
>
i-
-
-.
r as
THE IR Diftances in the Rows may be lo, 12, 15, ao, c^c. Feet
have already proved that the clofer together Trees are planted
the more they afpirein Height^ &c, therefore the nearer they are planted
the fooner they will become ufcful.
)
>
y
^-.
BUT k will be convenient that between every Row there be
left a fufficient Difta5that their lower Branche
drying Air, or otherwife they will become fat
of free Perfpiration,
may enjoy a
Sap, for
free
wi want
ration, and thereby perifli. Forty or fifty Feet between each
is fufficient for Englijh Elms, Lime Trees, Horfe Chefnuts, ^c.
for Abel)Popla
J Withy, &. 60 70 Feet, which laft fhould
be planted but in very wet and cold Land, where the others wnot thrive r
\
IF the Situation of Clefts, c^i Part of your Garden
5 more than ordinary expos'd to violent Winds, the beft Way to guard
gainfl: them, is to plant Clumps or Platoons of fuch Foreft-Trees that
are moft natural to the Soil, at proper Diftances, fo as to deftroy the
Violence thereof before it reaches our Fruit-Garden.
THE^
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%
r
a
The
h
R u it-Gar den lUuJirated.
-*
^
THE Advice b/ Author of the Reitrd Garde ) for
Pruning off the lateral Branches of the Heads of Forcft-Trees at their Tf Plantings to Pyramidical Shapes, is entirely wroncT . for thofc Arms fo
off, are ever after as fo many Conduits or Pipes, imbibincr
veymg Rains into the Trunk>which V ery often caufe their Death
4P
AN D (as he very juftly obferves) ns alfo very prejudicial to Head
v^e hope for Succefs in thefe Plantations, pret
/
thofe Trees 5 therefore
ferve the Roots in as great a Quantity as poffible,
mix and clofe the
Earth well about them3
their Heads.
cut clofe all Side Branches^ and carefully prcfcrvc
*^'I '
I 1* »
f
WHEN Trees
Stakes>
your 1 rees are planted, be careful of fecuring them With
from the Infults of Wind and Cattle, and cover the Surface of
the Ground three or four Inches thick, for about two or three Feet about
their Sterns^
from the Inj
And i
wi long Horfe-de>
Fern, cV, to prefer eir Roo
of Cold in the Winter, and Heat in the Summer
thefe Covering/
were d with Earth abo three or
Inches thick, 'twould add
Trees.
very much to the Prefervation of
four
the
THE maJcing of bout the Stem of everV new-planted Ty
being natural to every Garde
March and Jpril^ after planting, (hould be very dry
mend to his Care
fupply the Expen
/ay nothing thereof 5 but if the
muft recom
Jbe well water'd
Jlead once a Week, to
Perfpiration, at that time when their tender Fibres*>4*
feeking out for proper Nouridiment ^ :
#
s
I
cv^ir
/
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*
5° M N A: Or?
*
1
.
^.y^'^
v
Jr• Jy.
Ofthe Velocity wherewith Nourilhment enters the Roots
Fru it-Trees: and the Reafons and Manner
Pruning their Roots and Heads at the ^ime
^ranfplanttng.
HE Reafon that Gardeners give. for reducing the Heads of
Trees at the Time of Planting, is very juftj for thev fay, i
they are not reduced, their Roots cannot fupport them>be
caufe that in taking them up many are cut and broke off, and thereby,
in Quantity, are lefs able to imbibe Nourifliment for theirei lefs
Supprt, and confequently fliould be proportionably reduced
'
OF this likewife all our famous Authors on Gardening, from the
Time Adam to this prefent Moment, take Notice, and fayJ
that
for the afotefaid Reafon, the Heads of Trees muft be reduced at their
Planting 3 but not one of them as yet has ever atTempced to lay down
a reafonable Rule for the Performance thereof, or can any do more than
fay it muft be fo. But fince Demonftration is undeniable and felf-evidenr.
fliall here communicate two Experiments which I made this Summer,
that will demonftrate the Truth thereof, and lead the Curious in Planting
into a reafonable and demonftrable Method of Pruning.
/
y IME NT
State
I MADE Choice of a Roman Neftarine Tree, that was in a thriving
> hofe Leaves were nearly equal, which I numbered, and found
•
z them
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n^e F R u I T-G A R D E N IJluJlrated.
'
them to 6m : Then on a Piece of Paper I drew parallel Lines,
at i of an Inch Diftance from each other, as the Lines aa^ &c. Fig.Wh
^late and alfo others at the fame arail
to the former, as b by &c. conftitutin
el Diftance, at Right Angles
containing T5- Part of an Inch.
little Geometrical Squares>
each
.
laid one of the Leaves thereon, and wth1
THIS being done
Black Lead Pencil traced about the Edges of the Leaf, and then numbering
the little Squares withi that ed their Number to be
6, which being divided by 1 3 gives fquare Inches 7
5»
r.
\16)1 16(7 i
112
remains>
equal to4 or i
Nl B. WHEN the Leaves of a VJant are of different Magmtudiy
fwhkh generally happens^ they mufi be feparated into as many
different Parcels 3 and then meafuring the Surface of one in
Parcel, and knomng the Number of Leaves therein^ may proceed
follows
THE Number of Leaves on the
2the double Content of
pe form'd
12, being multiplied
Surface, (becaufe their Per
well by the under, as the upper Part of thefpiration is
Leaf) and the Produ6l will be the Area of all the Leaves
6ii
Z448
06
8874
-^
fquare Inches, the Area of the Leaves,
HAVING thus obtain d the Surface of the Leaves
Moifture is perfpired away, I then proceeded to find^ the Surfac
Roots^ where they imbibed and received it.
whereat eu:
of their
For whatever Analogy the
Surface
-*
dtt
*
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52 M N Or7
%
Surface of the Roots of every Plant naturally bears to the Surface of
their Leaves, fo are their imbibing and perfp'ring Powers proportionable3
and according to thofe Proportions muft the Heads of Plants be reduced,,
when tranlplanted. ^
)
V
DUG up the Nectarine Tree carefully, and preferv'd all its Roc
(the very Fib
felves nea
;s excepted)
horizontally
had
about
five main Roots^ extending them
ree or four Feet from the Stem,-
with many lateral Roots of different Lengths : The Girts of each
o the main Roots, at the Body of the Tree, were Inches anJ 4
the Length of each bein
1
three Feet 5 therefore multiplying 3 6 Inches?
which IS equa] Feet}
I T >the half Girt at the Stem
>being
ical, the Produ(5l wil!"be the Surface of main Root
'.*i*.
t
I-
^. »r
- I v..
Produa ^ -
Which multiply again
54 <quare Inches,
the Number of main Roots t
T*
V
Produd ifo Inches
main Roots. Each main Ro
Roots, whofe mean Girt. at
fquare
had (one with the
e main Root
the Surface o
was
otlier)
half 2
4J
five
o lateral
(thench
rge ,ones next the Stem or Body of the Tree being a full Inch, and
thofe at the extreme Part of the mainRoots? 4 of an Inch, whofe half
is half an Inch, the mean Girt thro'out). The Length of the largeft
and longed ot thefe lateral Roots was each about
the fmalleft and fhorteil, about three Inches i
nine Inches 5 and of
therefore meanheir
-
J
Length is fix Inches. Now 430, the Number of lateral Roots on on
main Root, being multipHed by 6 Inches, their mean Length, the Pro
dud: will be their whole Length taken gtther
^. *
4J o
^
Produd 2580
teral Root, belonging to one main Root;
the whole Length of all the la
I4W
V J frI rf
2 NOW
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The F R u I t-G A R b E N JUufirated.-1-
, 4
53
/ -
NOW as their Length is found to Inches, and their
mean Girt half an Inth, therefore muhiply
l^rodudt win be the Area of their Surfaces.
>o t, an
>
r^\f
2580 ;
o
-
ot
4
-^ f'^f .
Produdt 645
r
fcjuare Indies, the Area required
r
i AND as each of the bther main Roots ha3 the fame Quantity
fmall Roots, therefore multiply (J4J,
the whole Area of the lateral Roots;
9
w
and the ProduA will be
<545
V
PrJ
• «ud 322J ^uare Inches, the whole Area of the laterkl Roots;
TO this add the Area of the five main Roots, and their Sun^ will
be the Area of the whole Root required.
main Rootshe Area of the
The Area of the lateral Roots 3225
Sum 3495 fquare Inches
!So that now the Area ©f the whole Plant, is in its Leaves
And Roots
8874
34?Ji^kj:
I F we divide the Area of the Leaves, by the
Quotient will difcover their Analogy to each other
of the Roots, th€
3495)8874(i S?9T
1884 remains, cqual to which
being redu(?'d to its lowcft Denomination y^ff, is fomcthing more than h
m
m NOW
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\'
f
«54-
f
I^
\ M O N A^ \ '
OrrT^
^ *
> ^#»
/,
w
NOW fince that the Surfaces of the Roots ,! where
imbibed5
are full 1s
leis than the Surface o L L
NOqrifliMentr
s, where
Perfpiration is performed 5it therefore follows, that' the; Velocity 'wjth
which Moifture enters the Roots, mufl: be 4 greater than that of Per-
iration.
r
•
ff
HENCE it is that the Roots ofJwho
great Growth
upper Parts
s, fliould be preferv'd in as great an Abundance aspoffible
and we are hereby taught the Reafon of reducing the Heads of Plants a
the Time of Planting. '. , .
, ,
^
3
W ^ !*• *
1r>
FOR fince
? I *«
the Head of this Tree iri its natural Growth
?
7when
Roots were all perfe6t and fix d in the Earth, did then make fuch
Demand of Moifture for its common^
the Roots to b
Support, that caufed the Velocity
3greater than in the Leaves 5 we may from the
conclude, That the reducing its Head at tlie^TimeV Planting was abfd
lutely neceffary
r 1
«1 .• -^ « -cv
i-A
r A
> C;
^^-\It T
IN this very Point of Planting many Pe'5|)le are much out
that reducing the Heads of Trees at firft Planting, caufes them to have
a lefler Appearance th^n ey
e
Je/7 d chcicfore will not fuffer the
z reduced proportionabl
decaying languilhing State
Ato their Roots
5 fo that they either remain
ftantly die for Roots« being
much reduced by removing, they cannot imbibe Moifture fufficient for the
Support of their Heads, which are'lhen in too great a Quantity. Therefore
tis always to be remembred, at the Time of Prunin\ V
r
and anting,
that the greater Proportion the Area of the Roots bears to that of their
Leaves, fo much the more they will be enabled to imbibe- Nouriflhment
for the Support of the, Plant/ which confequently will thereby be
vigorous in its Growth, and better able to endure dry Seafons &c
« *
more
* =
NOW> Confid that this Experiment has proved, that
Sap, which is the Life of Vegetables, (as Blood
pafs much fwifter thro' the Surface of the Roots than Leaves
very reafonable, when Trees of any Kind
is of Animals) muft
foil that tis
therefore
in as
of Nurferies, &c. for tranfplanting, their Roots fiiould be prefervMgreat a Quantity as is poffible; that Nature may have the greateft
^ Liberty
1
I
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i
The u.it-Garden Illuftrated.
^
Liberty
duced
o imbibing Moifture fufficicnt fbr le
Supporc of ch5 th re
The onfideration hereof I recommend to the ftfiftus
Confidcration ofmyBrother'GardenersyZni indeed to all others conceriied
in the. Planting of Fruit and Foreft-Trees, v
want of Judgment herein.,
hich are ery often loft for
v
*
THE great Want of this Difcovery has caufed the Death of
Thousand valuable Plants, that have 'died by beinL
their Time of Planting; For Gard
unskilfully pruned
have but one "Rule or Me-
thod for pruning the Roots of all Kinds of Plants, and even tliar tliey can
give no manner Reafon f( Fori
any one o them be ask'd
fuch a Queftion, their Anfwer Would be, " Why I know it to be fo, my
(C
I
Father Mafter did u t6 prune in diis Manner.' and their
aTrees feldom died, and I my felf have pradis'd the fame, as tauc^ht by
athem, with good Succefs j I know it by Exp
3W hich IS the be
\ it
Mafter
»
And/bon,without confidering the great Demand of Nourifli
ment that Nature mal one Kind f VcgetablF im
moreff
lan anotner>
according to their different Growths, which caufe as' great a Differ
the Manner of pruning their Roots"
r-ri*.-*"
f J ^^ I
AS for Example m•
IT is obf( e Cabbage (which is a 'Vegetable of a quick
Growth above Ground) drawsits
Sap w aery Force
y
Roots being naturally but few, when compared with Vegetabl3who((
Roots are much more 2)tiUh Box)
Growth much flower)
e
So
that from hence it appears, That Plants of a quick Growth an
imbibing Nature, flhould have as much Root allov»^'d them, at Planting
as poffibl 1 .-^'
^
\•
f
'
t
:
ME Nr*
^
<
MADE a fecond Experiment in ke mannef on a Batterfe
Cabbage, that was about half g >and found that the Surface of its
Leaves exceeded the Surface of the Roots near twelve times3
fo that the
Roots did imbibe Moifture with times the Velocity that the
Leaves perfpir'd it away. And were that Cabbage-Plant to have been planted
the Leaves of the Head muft have been proportionably reduced,
as
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X.
•
I
4<^ %** O M N • ^ Or^-
vfe
I
or rather ass 12 is to 1, or rattier as 15 to t, becaufc that"there is a continual Dc-
rmand of Nourifiiment by tlie Head^ during all the Time that Nacufe
\s preparing its new fibrous Hoots^j to ftrike fiefii again into the Earth.
W E may obferve from this Experiment of the Cabbage, 'that as
their Growth is naturally very quick i nd great and Roots fmall in
Proportion to their Heads, (whereby their Nouriflhment is imbibed with
great Velocity) the Soil wherein they ^re planted fhotild be very ticTi
very great imbibing Forcend full of Moifture 5 for :otherwife theirV
would fbon exhauft it)and thereby perifh. And ^is
n
ways
that where-ever CabbageSj CoHiflo>
Savo))&^ are an
en,
tedJ
they impoverifii the Ground very much, altho' perhaps twas in good
Heart at their firft plan5and the like of other'Plaats in Prop
their more or lefs Quantity of Roots^j
1*
C
^E fliould alfo obfi rite various Diftribut of the Roots of
plants3
or thereby we are in part diredted how to adapt them to -their
fhat the Flax, Arbutusroper Soils : Thus Nature informs us—
I
Oak, and many other Plants that naturally produce Downright or 'fap-
Roots, delight in very deep-holding Lands 5 and others, as the Afh
Elm, Lime, c^r. who/e Roots run nearly horizontally within two andL
three Feet Depth, love Land chac is rich and fhallow.t
*
- 1^ . -^
K ^ i-/
THE different Velocities of imbibing and perfpiring Nourifiiment
pruningeing accounted for, 'tis very eafy to conceive the Reafons of
the Heads of Fruit-Trees at the Time of Planting, and that the more
fliey are reduc'd, the better it is for them.
AND9
ftriking Root
has been obferv'd before that Plants perfpire whilft they
* that. Moifture is abfolutely neceflary at-herefor
Planting, to fuppoft th^ until they are enabled
themfelves 3 which Moifture ought to be
attrad Nouriflhment
the Nature of the Pla3
or
no more than is agreeable tc
have fcen many Trees kill'd (and par-
; theceicularly Ever-greens) by having too great a Quantity of Moifture
fcrc in wet and cold Lands beware of deep Planting,
--*
«
t THE
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t
[
^'
I
'•
.^'
lb t
The F R u I T-G A R D E N lUufiruted.i
57
*
r
THE Scafons for Planting Fruit-Trees, arc, October and Fehruary5
the firft in Lands that are moderately light and warm, the laft in Lands
that are cold and wet;1
TREES planted in light warm Soils, in 06lobefy or fooner if tl
aneafon permits, will ftrike Root before the Winter comes
goroufly flioot in the Spring : But if Trees are planted at that Seafi
"Very wet and cold Lands, the too much Moifture will rot
or at lead chill them fo very much that they very fcldom re
VI
Roots>
'1^
ALL new planted Trees^ of both Seafons of Planting, fliouId be
e water'd in March and Apvil^ when thofe Months prove dry, or
otherwife they feldom make good Shoots the firfl: Year. 'Tis abfolutcly
neceffary to cover the Surface of the Earth, at lead one Foot about the
Stems of the Trees, with well rotted Horfe-dung, plac'd in the Form of
aCu J the better to receive the Water when any is given > which Dung
not only preferves the Moifture from being fuddenly exhaled away, but
communicates a Nourifliment at watering alfo. '
t
WHEN you plant Wall Trees, place their Roots about nine Inches
or a Foot from W^Ii, Wirfiy
ithiwjtnjn an Inch thereof: For
when their Roots are planted clofe to the Wall, as Is commonly done by
the Ignorant, their Bodies burft out rom le fame as they increafe in
Magnitude, and thereby cannot be kept in a handfome clofe Order.
V
THE Heads of Wall-Trees at Planting fliould be reduced to the firft
four Side Buds, above the Graft or Place of Inoculation, becaufe that*
from four Shoots we may form a good Tree.
ALL forward Buds fhould be difplaced as foon as they begin to
fhoot, that thofe which lie parallel to the Wall, may receive the full
r
Benefit of the Nourifliment.
ff^
IF the firft Shoots appear to be very ftrong and luxurious, when
they have fortn'd four Buds, nip off their Ends, which will oblige Nature
to force out a Branch at every Bud, and diftributing the Sap of
each Branch in four fmall ones, they will become fruitful, and not luxu
Q.nous
i
)
i
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O M O N Ory
rious, as they would have been, had the Sap been wholly imployed in
one Shoot on/
BEHIND the Place of Inoculation, or of Graft in every Wall
Tree^ there is a fmall Part of the Stock which is generally dead, which?
^t Planting muft be cut clofe to the Shoot, and placed next to the Wall :
For when they are placeed outwards, as fometimes is done by unskilful
Planters, they imbibe Wet, which oftentimes rots the Body of the Stock
I
lliort Timey
.
i
TIS absolutely necefTary and very advantageous to cover the Wounds
of Trees, when cut, with a Salve that will referve them from In
juries of Wet and Cold. The Compofition is as follows ; Take half a
Pound of Rofin, a quarter of a Pound of Bees-wax, the fame Qiiantity
of Pitch, and two Ounces of Mutton-fuet 5 melt them together, andy
Jrels e Wounds with ahen moderately cool'd, fo as to be liquid
FeatKer, Brudi, c^c. and no Wer or Cold can penetrate or injure them
ALL Wall Trees budded
their Grafts,
but do not on
before deliver'J
when planted
rafted very low, fliould have
Jabout two or three Inches above Ground
this Account plant their Roots over dccp^ for the Reafons
T I S a Pradlice among Gaid>to pi
with their whole Heads on, and let them remain fo untili
or March following, and then head them down, which
^
Peach-Trees in Oeiohr^
e February
IS
Trees a great Prejudice 5 for the Roots do
doin••H
the
ordinary Quantity of Cruditic
attradive Force of the Head,
them down, the Tree is difturb'd
not only imbibe a more than
out the Winter, occafion'd by the
but in the Spring when the Gardeners head
to
Roots, which are th
y penetrating the Earth, and thereb
prep
ftentimes deftroy'd
«
I NEED not fay any Thing more on the Roots of Fruk-Treesfince I have already prov'd, that the more Roots a Tree hath, the more
It is to imbibe Nourifiim
Management of Roots,
Therefore the whole Care in the
poffible m up?
difcretionally, fo as to let
be thinn'd
,.that'they are bruifed and dirhinifli'd as
that the Number of fmall Fibres
the Earth freely
about all their Parts ; that all
Bruifes
y f
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/ /
The Fruit-Garden IJIufiratcd.
Bruifes be cut entirely away with a very fharp Knifi
Root be regularly placed, with the Earth well clofed about
)
Jt.
59
WHEN we are to plant Trees for Efpaliers, we muft have regard
place the Buds of the Trees parallel with the Efpalier, fo that when
Sh are produced, they may lie parallel to the fameJand be
afily nail'd thereto 5 and here, as well as in
Buds are to be difplac'd, and luxuriant Branches nip
Wall Trees, all forward
at the fourth Bud>
aforefaid
WHEN we plant Fruit-Trees to maJce Dwarfs of wc iTiould head
-
out Trees at fuch Heights, fo as to have at leaft four Buds nearly ar
Angles to one another, that thofe Shoots which they produce may
the Head defired.
form
4
THE whole Management of Dwarf-Trees, confifts in the Manner o
Pruning the Ends of their Shoots, flopping the Luxuriancy of Branches
as aforefaid, and the true Diftance of one Branch from the other.
•f
.^
NOW as Dwarf-Trees are defired to grow with Concavities m their
Middles, "w/e mu » ^
prune their leading Shoots at an under
Bud fo that when the next Shoot is produced, it may fhoot outwardy
and. thereby be conformable to the Form defired : But if you cut at
an upper Bud, then the next Shoot will grow inwards, and deftroy the
Form required* *n i
H E NCE it follows, that by obferving the Situation of Buds, a Branch
may be produced to fill up any Place defired.
%
andSTANDARD-Trees are planted as Wall-Trees and Dwarfs5
^tis much better to cut in tlieir Heads very clofe, than to plant them
very large. If we are careful to prune at under Buds, as direded for
I . b
Dwarfs, and rub away all other 1
fome Heads in the firft Year.
inward Buds, we may form very hand
THE Standard-Trees are, fa that they well rooted, the
better, and will produce Fruits fooner, ahjd in greater Qiiantity, than
-'
fuch
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b
'
60 M O N A Or)
fuch fmall Trees, which are ufually planted, provided that they are
cured from the Injuries of Cattle, Winds, &c.
i-.
•r
THE Diflance o Fruit Trees from one another^ is a very material
be confider'd iri Planting 3 for if we plant too near, we foon
of Air for Perfpt
Point to
exhaufl: our Soil, and deftroy our Trees, for want
ration 5 and if we plant too thin, we fufFer a Lofs by having lefs than
we might 5 but of the two Evils the laft is the beft.
PEA,R-Trees require much Room to extend themfelves, andi;
Kinds more than oth , as tnc Summer Bon-cretien, and manynd
ome
other
Kinds, which when I come to their Defcription I fliall take Notice of
but in general we may aflign 3 o Feet for their Difta
every two Trees w
and a Cherry, or a
3
ice. And if between
: plant two others of different Kinds, as a Plumb
Peach and an Ap to be cut away as the Grovcth
of the Pears require, we fliall have no Lofs in the Walling, dur
Time of their Growth.
the
\
WHEN we plant entire Walls of Peaches, Cherries, Plumbs, and
Apricots, they may be placed at twelve, fourteen, or fixteen Feet
Diflance, except the early fmall May Cherry, which need not be more
than eight Or ten fctt apart..
STANDARDS planted in the open Air, fliould be jo Feet apart
at the leaft, but 35 is much better, and if you plant Dwarf-Trees between
them, ^40 Feet is full nean Thefe Diftances may appear to fome People
very large, but when they confider the Neceffity of a free circulating Air
Perfpiration, and the Benefits of an under Crop, they will find the
Advantages thereof
N. B. IF the Roots of Trees are very dry after taking up^ foal their
Roots for an Hour or tqsjo>
no more
the Water
Vound of Water, &c. hut immerge
their Roots, that their Heads may Jlrongly attract
IF your Trees^
that
after tallng up, are to he fent any "Difiame^ le fure
you fecurely pack them up mth Straw and Mats, from the
Wind,s
I1
1
f
*
4
#
t
\
I
I
^
en
I#
i
1
t
^
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^.
The Fruit-Garden Illujlrated.
Wind.5 and Air, 'whkh oftentimes exhale away all their Motji e
d therely perifl:
i
IF Prop present the "Planting of Trees after taling up, theyfljould
he kept in a warm Cellar^ Sec. and cover d c
Air^ until the Frojls a
them as lefore dire6ied,
gone ^ andth
lofe from the external
foaling their Roots, plant
HAVE already advifed the preferring of Roots in as great a
^antity as can h at taking up^ at which Time I muft caution you
mt toll drawing or wrenching, Sec. hut tale
Time, dig large deep Holes, and take them up with Care
WHENyou purchafe Treesfrom a Nurferyy always olfcrve that the
Soil wherein you are to plant them^ le as good or rather better
than that of the Nurfery^ and efpecially if your Trees are, not over^
and'obon^efirong 5 but luxurious Trees being planted from a rich<
±'
Nurfery into a poorer Soil^ are oftentimes made fruitful therely.
WHEN you are to prune the Roots of a Tree^ hold it in your left
Hand with the Head behind you 5 and then pruning them with a
very Jha\ the Or f each Root will be placed
wards when the Tree ts p
own
more Jlrongly
bibe Nouri/hmenty than when the Face of the Cut is upward:
often pra£iisd by%nskilful Gardeners.
as
61
'TIS at the extreme 'Parts of the Roots, where the Cut is madf, that
they draw freflo Roots, which^ if bruifed in cutting with a bad
edged Knife^ or mt cut at all, putrijies and dies.
fI
/
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>
61 \ M N A: Or,
%
H XL
Of th Management ©/"Fruit-Trees after Planting
their SQ^{^on and Manner of Pruning, Nailing, &c.
i
J
LTHO' 'tis abfolutely necefTary that great Care fhould be takea
the Choice of Trees bef< we
Preparation o Soi
plant.
si Manner of Pruning
as well as in the
eir Heads and
Roots, and Planting5yet if they are not well governed afterwards, our
are all loft. Th are many Card inabours and Expences
£w^/^«i that have had the Management of Fruit-Trees from their firft
Planting, and been very fuccefsful therein, but it has all en
Accide
mere
ration they do th
for there's not one of them all Can account for any one Op
1
t
w ^
I F we ask them why a Tree muft be pruned
1
3
and Mr. Carpenter have done^in their Retird Gard
bey anfwer as Mr. Wife
m Oidythat the Fruits may iniur'd
>To keep
ment, by the fmall and luxurious Wood
or depriv'd of Nourifh
long Life : Which Reafons
and that it may continue a
but to their Misfort>they alwa)
tolerably good were they
in beft Prad]:ice
7
J nly
fuffer fuch Sorts of injurious Shoots to be produc'd, but load Nature with
fo great a Burthen ofother Wood, that a few Years
irrecoverable Decay.ab the
THIS I am
for, to their great Misfort
vaftly conceited and ignorant as moft of
F
will at firft be underftood by them as Self*
no Sort of People breaching o
therefore imagine all the World to be like themfelt
EngllJIo Gardeners wh
But howev)
1
they
\
I
I
^\
f
I
t
J
r
H
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I *l^'
The Fr U I T-G A R D E N Illufirated.
they can curb their fuperficial Imag)
to perfedly underftand the following Paragraph
d coolly read as
s
difcover their lo
y
r dig
they plainly
">and be led into a natural and rea
fonable Method of working, -whereby they'll be enabled to account f
all leveral Op^
the Management of Fruit-Trces
abundance of Pleafure and Certainty
)ith
THE whole Management of Fruit-Trees after Planting, may be re
duced to a very few Rules, and have the defired Succefs. ^
U L *»
4
DISPLACE all forward Buds, by rubbin them off wnen they
firft appear, and then tht whole Nourifliment will be diftributed to the
neceffary Branches. By ohferving this Rule, your jtrees will always
lie chfe to the Wall, and he free from the Snags, which are very difa-
greeahle and unprofitable 5 for whatever Fruits are produced in fuch Si
imtionSy are never letter than thofe on (Dwarfs or Standards.
V L II.
WHEN luxurious
each Branch contains four or five Buds in Len;
ni
them, when
fftheping o
produceeading Buds with your Finger Nails, which will caufe them to
new Branches from every Bud that will become fruitful5 for thatNourifh
ment which Nature intended for one Brancywill e dijlrihuted into
three or fourj which confequently cannot he fo luxurious as when wholly
imployd in one Branch : Therefore if this Rule is well ohfervd^ we need
never he troubled with luxurious Wood.
U L III.
1—
.
•
-
I F Fruit-Trees produce three or four Shoots, and all weak, difplace
the two weakeft, that the whole Nourifhment may be wholly imbibed
by the ftrongeft, which will enable it to form a good Head,
UL
k
^
./
f
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r
.••:tt
*
6±
«/
^ -
Is
1
M N Or
Jy
/>
\
U L IV.
I
*
-
AS thfe Growths of the leveral Branches advance^ keep them nail'd
to the Wall5but be fure that the Diftances between Branch and Branch
grownrc never lefs than the Length of their Leaves, when fully
Therefore as Leaves are not come to their Maturity in the Spring, you
muft at that Time nail them at a greater Diftance than aforefaid5 that
when they are fully grown, they may in general poflefs a free drying
Air, and not fliade each other, to their almoft total Ruin, for want of
Perfp
\
ONfor when Fruit-Trees
very Point depends the whole Succefs of our Labours
are loaded with
>
Quant
nail'd very clofe, a great Part of them are faturated, an
theCrudities of their Sap, for want of a
of Branches,
with
This
free Air to perlpire in, and
plainly demonftrated in thethereby become barren and ufelefs.
Growth of Trees planted very clofe together/ as in'a Wood, wherelower Branches, tho^ neareft to the Fountain of Sap, (^/z. the Roots)are either dead, or very near it 3 whilft thofe at the Top, which are
in a drying Air, perlpire freely and expandfartheft from the Roots, but
much And in Fruit-Trees 'tis the very fame, when their Branches
nail-d nearer together than the Lengths of their Leaves
are
-*
BESIDES this Advantage, of having Fruit-Trees fruitflTl in all their
Parts, is not the only onej for by this Method of thin Nailing, there
will not be half the Quantity of Wood for the Root to maintain, andconfequently thofe Fruits that are produVd
with Nouriflimenr. and in greater Perfed
of Wood and Fruit is fed but with the fame Nutriment
will be much better fupported
than when a Multitude
f
k
i
>
HENCE it follows. That as Fruit-Trees differ in
their Leaves, fo
the Length of
will the Diftances of their feveral Branches be alfo
d therefore the general Rule hitherto praftis'd by Gardenerslaying the Branches of all the feveral Kinds of Peaches, and other
different
fluits, at the fame Diftance, appears to be a great Miftak
THERE1
t
'
Ik
i
t
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. i
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t
The Fr'u I T-G AR D EN lUuJiratel
THERE are many excellent Kinds^of Fruits which produce crrcat
Plenty f Bloflbms and but very little Frultj as the o NefwhigtonJ
and many other large Kinds of fine Peaches. This Sterility is caufed by
the too great Abundance of Wood, which, when 'tis cover'd over with
its beautiful Bloflbms, requires a much greater Quantity of Nourifhment
, and thereby,
for want of proper Nourifhment, the Embryo Fruits" are flarved, and
than the Roots are at that Time able to communicate
/
more efpecially when the Soil and Spring are both dry, their Perfpiration:
being then greateflj and if Eafl:erly Winds happen to blow at* that Time
their very drying exhaling Nature, is a further Help to the Dellru(5l
the Fruit.
of
-
BUT notwithftanding that the old Ne^wtngton Peach is always vaftly
full of Bloflbms, as may be feen by Fig^ IX. 'Plate II and III. yet if they4
are nail'd in at the Length of their Leaves, their Roots will be able
to ftrongly fupport them, (as I have experienc'd) and produce plentiful
Crops : or obferving this Difl:ance, the Roots will not have one
r third Part of the Wood to fupport, as when nail'd in thick, after thei
common Way.
-
THEREkind to than others
of TCtTCTies which Wature has een more
?this very Cafe 5 the AlheniarJe and Cath
Bloflb {fee E'g* VI an VIIIeaches produce Leaves with their
fPlate II and III.) which ftrongly attrad Nourifhment from the Roots t
the Bloflbms, which the old Newington does not, it having Bloflbms only>
which may in fome Degree be the Caufe of its producing but fmall
is may be greatly help d in Pruning, asQuantities of Fruit : but
fliall in its Place dcmonftrate
UL V.
1
THE nearer Branche are laid to an horizontal Pofitf
the Ve
locity of the Sap is the more retarded, and the nearer to a perpendicular
ion the more freer 5 therefore Branches that are inclinable to Luxu-o
liancy, may be check'd by being nail'd horizontally
weak, help d by being nail'd perpendicularly.
7and thofe that
t
NOW
v-'
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66 M\
N Or•>
*l&'
NOW thefe Extremes being only fit for the two aforefaid Kinds of
Wood, we muft therefore make Choice of a mean Situation. for our
beft and moft healthy fruitful Branches 5 and therefore they fliould be foX -
-
_
,
as to make an Angle of 4J Degrees, or thereabouts, with theaid
Horizon
^ ii'
_.r-
V L vr
\
FRESH
Dilatation.
-
all Branches every Year^ that they may have free
THE next material Matter to be confider'd, is the beft Time of the
Year for Pruning, which, among all our famous Gardeners
determin'd
>is left un
y every one affigning his own Seafon^ but not one of themhas yet given a fingle Reafon for it
t
FIRST then that
- » _
we may be certain of laying the Branches at
their proper Diftances, we fliould prune our Trees in the End of Augufl
and Beginning of September, before their Leaves are
>
fallenywhich will
then exhibit to us the ;uft DiAances y which cannot be fo exa(5t if weprune them in the Winter Seafon
}ufual
4
SECONT^LTy Branches being prun'd in this Seafon^ juft before
their Growths are at an End, and the Air kind and warm. Nature wimmediately clofe up, and heal the Orifices of the Sap-Veffels, before
the Wet and Cold of the Winter comes on, which they imbibe to their
Prejudice, when prun'd in that Seafon.
THISI have oftentimes
experienced, and therefore recommend it
the Curiousto
But when you prune off the End of a Shoot, you muft
always take it for a Rule to cut an Inch at leaft above the Bud, (which
muft always be a Leaf, and not a Bloffo
demonftrate) which,
Nourifliment, becom
m Bud r I fiiall hereafter
from the Injuries of Wet and Cold
after perifliing down to the Bud for want of
very hard, as to proteft the whole Branch
^^
f THIR2)L r.
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The Fruit-Garden lUufirated,^ 1
' THIR7)LT^ When Fruit-Trees are pruned in the End of Autumn,
their Roots have not fo great a Quantity of Wood to fupport thro out the
Winter, as when prun d in the Spring, and confequently are better able to
fupport their Bloflbms in the Spring. And again, the lefler the Quantity
of Wood is on a Tree thro out the Winter, the lefs crude Sap is imbibed
and confequently the Tree is much more perfed, and in better Health.
9
k
FOURTHLT, When Branches are prun
and the Orifices of their Sap-Veffels
in the Winter
clofed
-TW.
>the attrading
Force of the Leaves in the Spring, is not weakened, by the many Inlets
of frefh Wounds, which muft happen when Trees are
Fehruary and March.
pru late in
HENCE arifes the Reafon why luxuriant Trees, prun*d late the
Springy
thereby checked in their Growth : For- the Sap-Veflels being
open by the feveral Wounds
Power of the L
t the Ends of their Shoots, tKe attradive
ftrongly attrad Nourifhment, until thofe
many Inlets or Sap-Veffels are clofed
riancy is in fome Degree abated.
Jtherefc that the Luxu
/
J^OW from this tis evidehiT^ cfrar- chc bed Scafon For Pruning
luxuriant Trees, is late in the Spring 5 and thofe that are weak, or in
a healthy State, early in the Winter 5 or rather^ as before is faid, in the
End of the Autumn.
THE feveral Rules Here delivered being well obferv*d>we need
fail of having good Wood in all our feveral Kinds of Fruits-T
And the on
Pruning in general
Branches.
Thing that is now wanting to complea Part o
IS the Reafons and Manner of Pruning the Ends of
THE Reafon why the Ends of the Branches of fome Sorts of Fruits
are cut fliort at the Time ofg>
is, becaufe the extreme Parts
thereof being produc'd in the latter Part of the Year, when the Sap was
7thofe
ieclining in its Strength, they are not fo perfed and mature
Parts of the Shoots which were firft produc'd, and therefore the immature
Parts fhould be cut away,NOW
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6S M O N A: Or>
\
NOW td determine what Quantity of a Shoot fliould be cut away^
is very difficult, becaule different Seafons have different Effefe on their
Growths, and therefore this Point niiifl: be wholly fubmitted to the
Judgment of the Pruner 5 and "'tis therefore that we mufl be fure to
ne at a Leaf-Bud andru
their full Lengths
for want th^reof^ nail in the Branches at
YOUNG Trees that are truly healthy require the leaft Reduftion,
and very often may be nail'd in at full Length, efpecially when all their
Buds
Cherri
are diipofed for Bloffom, as Peaches^ Apricots, and Morella
:rrles are very apt to do : And there are fome Sorts of Pears, which
produce the moft of their Fruits at the extreme Parts of their Shoots^
and therefore muft not be topp d, becaufe you not only cut away Part
of the Fruits, but the leading Bud of the Shoot alfo, for want of which
the Shoot dies as foon as the Fruits thereon are ripen'd.
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The RU IT-G ARD E N lUufirated. 60
m
XII.
r
Of the great Uje of the Leaves of Fruit-Trees,
and their Force of i Moiflure for the Support
of their BIolToms, Fruits, 6^r.
/
is very plain, from the feveral accurate Experiments of the
Reveriend Mn HaJeSy that the Leaves of Fruit-Trees are
very ferviceablc in atcrading Nourifliment from the lower
Strata Sy within the Reach of the tender Fruits, which, like young Ani-
mals, is furnifli'd with proper Inftruments to imbibe thence, [ And by
the fame Experiments 'ds manifefted. That the main excretory Dudls of
plants, are in their
watery Fluid, which, when detain'
that from thence we are
which feparate and carry off th^ redundant
prejudicial ; So
taught the Neceffity of preferving them, fince
'tis impoffible they can live without.k 4
»-
^A:^
AND altho' Fruit-TrecsJ
hich Inanimate, have not a Power
with alternate Dilatations and Contradions, to drive forcibly about the
Sap if
Veins
its Veflels, as the Blood of Animals is thro' their Arteries
3yet has Nature wifely ived other Methods, which mofi:
powerfully attrad and keep it in Motion, whereby the lame Purport is
anfwer'd.
AND that nothing may be imbibed by the Roots o Treesy
UC
what may be difcharged by Perfpiration 3 therefore Nature has wifely
cover'd their Roots with a very fine thick Strainer, which will not admit
any Kind of Moiflure to enter, but what can be readily carried away by
Perlpiration.
T THE
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70 M N A: Or7
THE feventh curious Experiment of Mr.Hales's VegetableStatkh, p.t%.
on the Dwarf-Pear Tree, and Branches of Apple, Pear, Cherry, and
Ap T 1 -* are undeniable Proofs of the great Ufes of Leaves to
Fruits, which I defir every Gardener to well confider, and be not too
much puffed up with their own Conceits
>
\
I
THE firft Part of this Experiment was made
taken up
half 5 and
bibed
fame Time
on a Dwarf-Pear Tree,
Jugujly whofe Weight (clear from Earth) was 7 1 Pounds
Roots being fet in a known Quantity of Water, im-
Pounds thereof in 10 Hours>
and perfpired at the very
J Pounds one half 5 therefore it Ounceserlpired
more than it imbibed. This feems to inform us that Pear-Trees delight
in Moifture, and that thofe who imagin d that all the Moifture im
bibed by Treesy
Buds, Branch)&i
wholly converted into Sap, and the Formationr
irely miftaken 5 for if Was fo, the Pear-Tree
would have retained the whole Quantity imbibed, which it did not do
THE other Part of this Experiment, on the feveral Branches which
e, is a further Proof, that the Quantity ofurious Gentleman mad
Moifture attraftcdi
always in Proportion to the Quantity of Leaves
A S for Example :
-(.
HAVING madeCho ce of two Branches of every Kind of Fruit,
he ftripp d the Leaves off one Branch of each Sort, and then fet their
Stems in feparate GlafTes, wherein were known Quantities of Water
fome
THE Branches with Leaves imbibed large Quantities of Water as
J20
> yand Ounces, in
Quantity of Leaves on each
lighter than in the Morning.
Hours Day, accordin to the
>and being weigh'd in the Evening, were
WHILE the others that were ftripp'd of their Leaves, had imbibed
but very little, as an Ounce^
they having perfpired little.
&c. each, were heavie in the Evening>
'ft
NOW
>'
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X
The RU IT-G A R D E N Iffujimed. 71
pull
NOW from thefe Experiments 'tis plain, that tliofc Gardeners whoo great Qi of Leaves from Fruits, before
grown_,V 9
inj them ery much3
only by lett
are fully
a fudd Heat
being of themhich flirinks the tender Sap-VefTels of the Fruits j but
felves unable to attrad: the fame Nourifiiment which they before received
do therefore inftantly perifh.
>
>
IN Juguft 1717. I made Choice of feveral B
Mufcadine Grape, whereon
o Whwere many very fine Bunches j I entirely
flripp'd off their Leaves, and left fome of them wholly expofed
i
the
Sun and Air, whilft others, tho' flripp'd as afore/aid, were fliaded by
the Leaves of other Branch>which I laid before them for that Purpofc
-
THOSE Branches that were fliaded continu*d at a StandJ
the
faft 3 but the others
a
Space of 10 or ii Days, and then decayed very
that were fully expos'd^ began to flirivel the third Day. Hence it ap-
pears, That the Leaves of Fruit-Trees, do not only prefervc the Fruits
from the Injuries of Heat and Cold, but ftrongly attra<^ Nourifiiment
to their Support, and perfpire away the Crudities thereof, thro'out their
feveral Stages and Degrees of Growth.
IF we obferve the Care that Nature has taken to place the
Leav o all Kinds of Herbs7 y
and Trees, cxadlly under
Buds, to attrad Nourifhment to them, we may eafily conceive the Prei
judice it is to them when they are taken away
I F we obferve the Growth of Fruit-Trees at their firft {hooting out
the Spring, we may, with abundancece of Pleafure,
that Nature obferves in all her wonderful Produdions
fee the wife Order
NOW feeing that Fruits cannot perfpire and flourifli without the
Afliftance of Leaves 5therefore Nature does wifely produce them in all
Fruits, cither before their BlofToms appear>
at the fame Time, or foon
afterwards.
THE May fDuke-Cherry, March i6. {Fig. L 9hte V.) produces
its Bloflfoms from the two Years Wood, and more particularly at and
about
I
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tf *
\
f
*A
72
»
M O N Or")
about the Joint between the two Years Growths, as at B, than in
other Parts : And during the while that Nature is opening the Bloff
Buds, .thofe of the laft Year's flioot are largely expan
an
themfel
/
' _ -
into Leaves, (as a a a^ &c,) which ftrongly attrad Nourifliment for the
Support of the yet Embryo Fruits, and perfpire away the Crudities with
which the Sap then abounds.
/
AWLES produce their Bloffoms on Wood of two Year's Growth>
are produced by the laft Year's Sh as in
produced at the
but their firft LeavesH
the Cherries preceding. The firft Leaves of Appl
Bloflbm-Buds, and are very largely grown before the BloiToms appear
or even before the Biids of the laft Year's Shoots are open'd.
)
f r
of
THE Branch of ^Nonpariel (F^. III. ¥late\L) exhibits the Growth
Leaves at the BloffiDm-Buds D D, &c, March which are
laft Year's Shoots, a a^ & are notreatly expanded, whilft thofe of the
vifibly beginning to fiioot. But- when their Bloffoms are fully blown,
(as FigA, "Plate \\l. and Fig. V. ^late XII and XIII.) then the Buds of
the laft Year's Shoots are much panded3probably, becaufe that the
Bloffoms being then produc'd, require a"gre^ter Attraction of Moifture
for their Nourifhment than before.
t
I
s
GRJ'PES are produced on Branches that flioot from the Buds of
the laft Year's Shoots, which are of a confiderable Length, with their
Leaves expanded, before the Fruits appear, as exhibited by the Branch
of a
and
Shoo
tudc
Wh Mufcad Grap>
{F'tg. II. "Plate VIII and IX. Jprll \ o.)
the firft of May^ the Time that Bunches appear, their
are very much extended, and ^'their Leaves increafed in Mag
(See f/ff. II. yto^ X.)
FIGS are fomething different from other Fruits in their Manner of
Produdion, and therefore Nature has wifely placed a leading, Bud at
the End of every Shoot, (as A, Fig. I. Plate IX.) which opens its Leaves
about April 1 1. and ftrongly attrads Nourifliment to the Fruits B C D E5
and therefore when Gardeners unskilfully prune off the Ends of the Shoots
in the Winter or Spring, thofe Branches generally die foon after.
4te^
/9UINCES
1
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i
f
The
w
Fruit-Gard£n lUufirated. 73
QUINCES produce very large Leaves before their BlofToms appear
on the laft Year's Wood, (fee Fig, I. Tlaie VI.) which feems to be pro-
vided Nature, on Purpofe to perfpire away aft Quantity of
Crudities that are contained in their Sap
ill Confequences before demonftrated.
Jwhich, when confin'dj has the
"PEARS prod o Leaves and Bloflbms from the fam Bud >
muft theref(
L
and being Fruits which imbibe great Quantities of Moifture,
have Leaves timely produc'd^ to attrad Nourifhrnenc for the Support of
III.t eir Embryo Fruits, as well as fox Perfp
IV, V. "Plate U and III.)
(See Fk, I7
-*>
r
^EACHESy "Plumh, 2ini Aprhots, produc their Bloftoms fome
\
9
fmall Time before their Leaves, which foon fucceed, when tlieir Branches
are prun'd at Leaf-Buds, or for want thereof, left at their whole Lengths
(as F/g. Ill, IV, V, VI, VII. 5^to^ VIII and IX.) where the leadingBuds
A A &c. are opening their expanding Leaves, for the Purpofcs aforefaid.
J-
BUT the Time that their Bloflbms are fhed^ their Leaves
largely grown, probdWjT^fcecauie th their Fruits are then knit, or
fet for Growth, they require a greater Attradlion of NouriiTiment for
their Supp well as Shade, to preferve their tender Sap-Vefli from
the Injuries of Heat and Cold (See Fk. T, and 11. 'Plate XI. and Fig.II
^Jate VIL of the Nonpariel Apple) jf-
_ THE fam
*
is to be obferv'd in Chevr iwhen in Bloflbm, whofe
Leaves are then greatly increafed, (as Fig. I,II,ni,IV. "Plate XII and XIII.)
But much greater as the Fruits advance in Growth, (fee Fig. II. "Plate^ VL
I of the Morella Cherry, May .7. Fig. I, II. 9Iate XIV. of the Jprkots9
whofe Leaves are largely grown in Prop Fruits
^ I
/ AND therefo It ppears That as Fruits advance in their Growths,
and require greater and greater Nouriflim
portionably augmented, whereby they are always ab!
Juices for their Support, as
the Leav pro
e attrad fuffi
well as to perfpire away the Crudities thaeof
P.
/t
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"S
V
74.fc-
O M N A: Ory
i
\
\
H XIII
Of Blights,
when in
and Ripe.
and the Manner of Ordering Fruit-TreEs>
and out Bloflbm?
Half-grown,
t*.
LTHO' 'tis abfolutely neceflfary that tlae Pruner fliould judi-
cioufly prune and nail his Trees, yet if he has not regard to
them afterwards n
Jtis ten to one i he receives any Fruits
THE Accidents that Fruit-Trees ai-e LaWe to wficn in Bloflbmy
are BLghts^ Exhalations, and being deftroy'd by Infe<fts : But thefe in
general are vulgarly called Blights."^
BLIGHTSy
are FroftsJ
and burning Heats, as Lightnings, ^c.
3and Lnxhalations^ are cold drying Winds, and very dry hot Weather
fe^s^ ate fuch as Caterpillars, Flies, &c. which in general deftroy Fruits
not guarded againft.
>
FIRST, Frofts are of two Kinds, the one which is very cold and
dry^ called the Black Frofl:3
and the other cold and hoary,(which is
the Dew frozen, that falls in the firft Part of the Night, before the Cold
began to freeze) called a White Froft. - *
BOTH thefe Kinds of Frofts are prejudicial to Fruits, at all Times
when they happen5 but of the two the Black Froft is the n
ftrua
Evenin
ive?
e
moft
fpecially when it comes after a Shower of Rain in an
>Jbefore the Bloflbms and Fruits are dry
-*i^„
\ THERE
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/
The ruit-Garden Ilkftrated. 75
"
f.
for reHERE are divers Methods, prefcrib'd by fev.eral Pcrfons,
ferving Fruits from Frofts, which I have experlenc'd, and find that there
is none comes up to careful Covering with Mats, old Sail-Cloths, &c.
which, being well faftned that turbulent Winds cannot difplace them,
never fail of our defired Succefs. Nay, Peafe-halm only, hung on the
Branches^ and fecur'd from Winds^ has the fame EfFed^ being left on until
they are largely grown, and then taken away by Degrees,
I
I
.
r'
AND1
appen that the Weather continues freezing in the Day
time, lee the Covering continue, eveny
for three or Day3an
J
the Midft of the Day, if the Weather is any in agreeable7
them for three or four Hours, and then cover them uf
as efore
when the Weather don't freeze in the Day-timey
Open
open
But
them
about an Hour after Sun^rifing, and cover them up about the fame Time
before it f<
\
<
L
IF the Seafon proves dry^ and the Eafterly Winds blow very frefii
_ J
for
>
abfolutely neceffary the Bloflbms of your Fruic-T3
thofe Winds being of a very exhaling Nature, exhale away the Moifture
from the young 1j "^fcatcrfor than their K are a to
communicate it, the Heat of the Seafon being infufficicnc to rarify the Sap
thin gh for a Succeffion j and thereby the Fruits are ftarved for
want of proper Nourirtiment
/
BUT thefe Waterings muft be carefully performed, that the Water
may not fall on the Bloflbms with fuch Force as to bruife or beat them
from the Branches : Therefore if with a Hand-Engine the Water be firft
forced into the Air, it will be there feparated^ and fall down like Rain.
The beft Time for this Work, is the Morning about Ten or Eleven,
becaufc, being water'd early, they will be dry again before the Evening
comes on>which, 1 it happens to prove inclinable to Froft, wi not
have fuch an ill Effed on them, as when wet.
THE feveral Kinds of Infers which are feen to deftroy the Leaves
of Fruits, may very reafonably come with the Eaftern Winds 3 or the
Eaftern Winds may hatch their Egg &^ Mr. Bradley and others
imag But I could never yet find that any Method would deftroy>
or
/
*
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I
s.
1
1^ M N A: Or?
/
r
or keep them from Fruit-Trees, but frequent Waterings, which never
yet have been known to fail.
'TIS obfervable that thefe Infeds ntvef conoje in great Plenty, ut
when the Spring is very dry3an even theii when the Weather changes
to Rain, and becomes very wet, they inftantly periflh.
\
r
THEREFORE fince Nature has taught us a fure Method of de
ftroying thofe Vermine, we have nothing more to do than to kee our
Fruit-Trees in a continual fupple State, by early and frequent Waterings
in dry Seafons, when thofe rnfc(5ts moftly rage. But it is abfolutely ne-
ceffary to begin thefe Waterings before the Leaves are infefted by them,
fince it is a Refrefhment, and the Trouble very inconfiderable.
AM not infenfibl that many Card wi emn thel e
Praa5becaufe the fmall Trouble of Coverings, Openings, and Wa
X
terings, may perhaps be more than they care for but however, fince
that after a great Expence and Ion
reaping the Fruits of our Labours, ^
abfolute Command on the Gardenei
without, and the Trouble very tt\
y
e
Time waiting, we are defirous of
: fhould never be fhort of layin
fince the Succefs is very precarious
as before obfcrv'd.
\
/
BUTto return from this Digreflion. It appears by what is before
of the Eaftern Winds, that the Fruit-Trees
of Soils which are of very raoift flrong Natures, can better difpenfe
faid of the exhaling Nature
with thofe great Exhalations, than thofe growing in Soils that are na-
turally hot and dry 3 for the moid Lands can more ftrongly fupport the
young Fruits with Moifture, than thofe that are lefs furnifli'd therewith.
But this does only happen when the Spring proves dry, becaufe when
there are Rains fufficient to fupport the Perfpiration of Plants in light
dry Soils, then the Moifture in moift ftrong Landsis
in too great a
Quantity, and the Trees being faturated and clogg'd therewith, for want
fufficient Heat to exhale and perfpire it away, become immature and
barren, by the over and-above Crudities contain^'d therein.
NOW hence 'tis very probable, that Kent^ whofe Soil is na-
turally very moift, produces greater Crops of Cherries in dry Summers,
than in wet ones : & contra.
•
THE/
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The Frui t-G a R D EN Ilhifirated. 71
THE Gardens about Tnsokkenham, IJle^orth, &c. in MiddlefetC,
whofe Soils are naturally drier than thofe of Kejit^ have the bcft
in wet Summers.
Crops
ORCHARDS growing on the South Sides of Rivers, imbibe reaC
Quantities of Moifture at their Bloflbms and Leaves, as 'tis exhaled away
by the Sun 5 for the Trees being fituate between the River ar
1mbibes the humid Steams as e
happens but in dry Seafc
Trees imbibe very Iittl(
Moifture of the Seafon
5becauie
pa
when Seaf(
them
d the Sun
But this never
are very wet. Fruit}
)fcarcely any, being nearly faturate with
THUS much for Frofts)
Eafter Winds
w return to our Fruits, which we u
which alway happJ
1 we are
and Infcdts. Now wc
to have plenty of, and
(Tonis
PP
ireful to fupply the o
d Leaves thereof, with fuch Refrediings of Water as the Soil and Seafc
require
OUR Fruits being plentifully fet, we muft be very watchful
in covering thern from Froft when fccm to offer jand
diligent
therefore the beft Method is to keep the Covering rowl'd up, on or near
the Top of the Wall
I had Apricots above
>readinefs to lefdow as Occafi
third grown>and well
7
on may require,
d with Leaves,
:. * which, hadkiird in great Quantities in the Beginning of May ^
I fortunately cover'd, would have been preferv'd, to my very great Ad
git
o
I F our Apricots and Peaches are very
her Burde
Apricots^
>
7theref< about
wc muft eafc Natu
End of yfor/7, we may thin
d in the firft Week of May our Peaches, leaving them
about two Inches apart the leaft. But Plumbs fcldom thinn*d>
but a reafonable Subtradion muft certainly improve the Remainders
which may be at the aforefaid Diftance.
IT obfervable that Peaches, Plumbs, Apricots, &c. grow very little
from about the 20th Day of May, to the like Tin:ie in June, Nature
1
being
^
i
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t
•^
K
M N A: Or?
"
being then wholly employed in preparing and perfecting their internal
Parts, Wz. their Kernels, Stones, &c, with proper Veflels fit for the Re-
ception of future Nourifhment, in fuch Quantity^ and with fuch Force
as to ftrongly feed and dilate their exterior Coats or Pulps, until, fully
grown;
\
NOW whilfl: this great Operation of Nature is performing,
always feen that great Quantityof
Fruitdrops, altho' largely grown
Of this all our late Authors on Cardenin
adviie, that the thinnin of
take Notice, and therefore
Fruits be omitted, until it appears that this
great Fall is over 5' but not one of them has
Rules for their Prefervation.
yet attempted to deliver
r
THE meaneft Capacity living may very eafily believe, that if all
the Fruits on a Tree were in perfed Healthy it would be impoffible for
them to fall in a fliriverd decayed Condition, as they are obferv'd to
3and therefore 'tis evident, that their Fall is caufed by fome Decay oro
Wcaknefs of Nature 3 which laft of the two feems the moft probable.
t
r
FOR fince that Nature requires Moifture, for daily Perfo>
well as to incorporate the watery fupple Sub/1; o>
Stones, &i tis very to conceive, that
exhales
the Kernel
dry Weather
away Moifture which is neceflary for thofe Formati
ens>
the Work wi be imiperfei5t and
perifh
fequently the Fruits muft
t
-
THE firft Idea of this wonderful Work of Nature, was communicated
to me the Honourable Mr. JBrmc. who at the fame Time in
formed me of feveral Experiments which he had made for their Prefer
vation, and found that the moft fuccefsful one. was, To preferve themor in
om the very hot Sun, from ten in the Morning until two
the Afternoon3 which he did with the fame Coverinps of Sail-Cloth
that were ufed in the Spring, to preferve their Bloflbms from Frofts, &iThis I have alfo experienc'd with great Succefs, and do therefore recom
mend it to the Pradice of the Diligent and Curious 3 for tho' the La
bour litd yet Rccomp vaftly great
i
i
i
r
1
i
N. B. 'TISI
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The Fruit-Garden lUuftrated.
'•
- 1
79
N. B. 'TIS very ferviceabh to ghe the Trees a gentle Refrepitig
of Watery at the Time you legln to fcreen them from the Sun^
which they willfreely imlihe^ and 'very much firengthe72s Nature in
her ^rodu^iions.
ABOUT the 20th of ^une this Work is over, and as then the
Fruits arc beginnins to fwell away or ripen 1n > we fliould now th/
them for good, taking away the lead, promifing ones, and preferving
the beft
THE MafcuHne Apricot fliould be left at or about the Diftances
, which is two Inches and a quarterj
hat B C, Fig. IV. "Plate XV. are
a larper
mut the Turkey Apricots mud have a larger Diftance, as bein
Fruit, and therefore we muft allow them three Inches, as the Diftance A Bj
and the Roman Apricot,' whofe Magnitude is a Mean between the
two other Extremes, ftiould be left at about two Inches and' threei
i
quarters
I
AND as Apricots differ in their Magnitudes, and therefore require
more or lefs Roofti fbr"**cr/p do Peach likewi e fmall
Kinds may be left at two Inches apart 5 thofe of a middling Growthw
at four Inches 5 and our.
very beft and largeft not nearer than fix
Inches* _
SOME Kind of Pearsy
as e
are
to prodti
Green-Chizet^ Summer'Bergamoty
ce their Fruits in Clufters ^ but theyare very a
much the beft when each Clufter is reduced to two Pears
cepting when the Clufters are very in
the Tree 5 and at fuch Times they may e left in g
diftributed on
eater Numbef*
as three, four, &Tree.
ding to Difta>and Streng o the
BUT where there is a full Crop, 'tis beft
double at moft.
lemJor
i!
J
BY feveral Proofs of the preceding Chapter•>
•tis that
the Leaves of Fruit-Trees are vaftly ferviceable in drawing up Nou-
lifliment
y -*
1
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:
%'
8o#
M O N A: OrJ
I
rifhment to Fruits as they advance in Growth)
as we as
them in a fuppl duA State3
and
Veffel
efendin them
keepin
rying Winds, which contrad and hard
rom th
Fibres, <
and thereby fpoil their Growth
Sun
Sap'
3
1
BUT when Fruits are almoft fully grown, a little more Sun\
eflaiy3
tor
ripe their J
therefore^ we
Sun.
muft then
give them their beautiful Colours
Deg let in e
5 and
ial Heat of the
IS
which
Lpable
wi ri
to
pen
produce.
them in the ateft Perfection that the Seafon
\ <
K. B. ^HAT *tis htter to tie lack the Leaves with Bafs-maty which
before the Fruits, than to cut them awayy
hut will
not allow ity he fure to preferve thofe at the End of the Shoots
that their necejfary Jttra^ions and ^erfpirattons may not
tarded, and thereby the Fruits render d. injipid hy the Crudities
e re
contained in them^ thatjhould have heen perjpird away at their
excretory ^ults'
N
I . *
r
!
*
^-^ -^4
f-
c
f
1
J*^>
\
y
-^^.
*#'
H
^
I
V!
\
\
\
\
i
\
\I
I
\
''fW^'.ft
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\
The Fru IT-G A RD EN
V
!
JUufirated.'
8i
^'
Ki
H?
XIV.
Of the Manner of gathering Frv it s, and Tre/ervins
^^e;;/ ^/^^r Gathering.
f-^
NOTWITHSTANDING that we have ftiialy follow'd
all the preceding Diredtions, and got great Quantities of fine
Fruits yet 1 we don't know when to gather them, 'tis very
probable that we may'nt have any worth our Eating 5 for when Fruits
g notre gathered bef©re they are ripe, their Juices are crude, and bein
f^Sdly grown^ they immediately fhrivel, and become toug And on
the other Hand, when Fruits hang on the Trees a longer Time than their
Juices are ripen'd, their Juices are immediately prefpired or exhaled away.
and the
\ CHERRIES are fit to be gather'd when they are become a very
deep blackyand indeed, i ey have a ee rying Air, cannot be too
much ripen d. They are beft being eaten from ^the ^Trees, after a
Shower of Rain 3 but mofl: commonly out of Spring Water after Dinner.
The bell Time to gather them is che Morning, when the Crudities of
the Dew are evaporated, before the Heat of the Day comes on.
t i_^. ^-Jh V ' m
ATRICO TSy n)}%. the MafcuUne, Romany Turkey, and Bruxels
are varioufly eaten5fome delighting to eat them when crifp, others
when mellow, or a little foft, but not mealy 5 which laft, in my
humble Opinion, is the bed, becaufe that then all the Juices are in their
utmoft Perfection, which in the others are crude and immature. —
SOME delight to eat them from the Tree, and indeed the Bruxel is
beft when fo eaten 5 others not until the next Day after gathering, which
o
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^
82 # O M O N Or>
o the two feems to be the beft, being gather'd in the Cool ofthe
Evening, and laid fingly on dry Vine Leaves
t
J t-1 *
PLUMBS, bein
they will fall an
next in Order^ fliould hang on the Trees until
afy Touch of the Finger 5 but when they drop
off themfelves, they are generally too ripei
and their Taftes become
fipid
• ^^
#M
r
^:
• *V
BUT there are fome Sorts of Plumbs which fiiould remain on the
Trees until they begin to flirivel, and thofe are t\\^ ^een-Mother^Tyrab"
dor^ and Imparatrke, which are then equal to any Fruit whatfoever.
PLUMBS fhould be gather'd in the Morning, when the Dew is
and as they in general have a beautiful
Fing
off, before the Heat comes
Flew on their Surfaces, we fhould ather them with a ngle
and Thumb only, laying them in Nettles, when we intend to keep them
a Day or two after gathering.!
i%
FIGS are fit to gather when Drops appear their Eyes)
when
they become very foft and {hrivel'd about their Stalks, fo as to hang al
mod pendant In fliort, if Fig have a free drying Air, they
y them on theire too ripe in our Climate. When you gather Tigs, J
Sides, on dry Vine Leaves 5 and in like Manner when ferv'd up for the
Table. . .
*
k
*
t
\
-M •
REACHES fhould be gather'd when they part from the Tree by
a gentle Touch, and are beft a Day or two after being gather'd. They
muft be laid fingle on Vine Leaves, on their Stalk-End or Bottoms,w
becaufe when they are laid on their Sides, they inftantly grow rotten.i
1
GRATES czxiwot be too well ripen d, and therefore the longer
they hang, fo that they are not fhriverd or mouldy, better All
White Grapes are generally e whe they are tranlp3and ting'd
with a faint Amber Colour next the Sun
TO pref<
X
Grap a long while a npe ris ufual to tie up
every Bunch in Paper Bags, dipped in fweet Oil, juft before they
fully ripen'd5 others gather them at that Time, d feahng up their End
wi
t
1
Ii
I
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I
The Fr u I T -G A R p E N lUujlrated.
with Wax, hang them fingly in a warm Room, which will preferv
them a long while : But the very beft Method that I could ever difcove
was to gather them when nearly ripe, in a very dry Day, clofin
Orifices of their Stalks with Wax : and then after havir
u e
Space of
g hung about th
M
Juices,
to han
I put
Day, to perfpire away what Crudities they had in
each Bunch in a glazed Earthen Veffel, in fuch Man
eir
within Side, without touchin any Part thereof 5 and having
before prepared a fufficient Quantity of Sand well dried, I fiird u each
s Pot therewith ? and then 'With wooden Covers to their Tops, fcal'd
them down, lb as to let no Air or Moifture in. Then placing my P^
in a warm Cellar, I kept them till my Occafion recjuir'd me to u
Fruits, which was about three Months after their natural Seafon.
"'tis my real Opinion, that not only thefe Sorts of Fruits, bur Peaches
Apricots^ Plumbs, ^r. may,
>
the fame Method, be kept many
Months beyond their common Time.
WHEN I pour'd away the Sand from the Bunches, I dipped them
in clean Water, made Milk-warm, which wafhed off the Grit o
Sand, and caufed a Kind of a Flew to fucceed.
the
i
V#
SUMMER'Tears (like moft other Summer Fruits) are in greateft
Perfe(ftion ree bv a gentle Touch 5 but thofe
that fall of themfelves are generally mealy.
wiAND fome Autumn Fruits are to be eaten in like manner, which
not keep a long while aftet gathering, and fuch are. the BureeSy
Monjieur Johriy^ &c.'T
-V
BOTH Autumn and Winter Fruits muft not be gather'd until you
fee them begin to drop ofF themfelves, for then you may aOu your
felf that Nature has performed her Part very rudent to lay
clean Wheat Straw under our Wall-Trees 3and indeed Efpaliers, Dwarfs,
the Kinds are good, to preferve thefirft per-
and Standards alfc wh;
fed Fruits from being bruifed
AND be fure that you gather in your Winter Fruits before the Fr^fts
come on, and that they are perfedly dry, an free from Bruifes The
beft Method of forting Fruits, at gathering, uking the beft firft, the
the
^
»
t
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\
I
ff.
M N OrV
?I
A.*-!.
^
the next beft, and laftly the fmall ones. This Method preferves"them
from thofe BruifesJwhich
5
cannot be avoided^ when the feveral Sizes oT
Fruits are gather'd together, and afterwards tumbled about in forting.
V
L
rI
THE clofer that Autumn arid Winter Fruits are kept from the Ad the lefs difturb'd in
y
e
bei
eping e long an b wi
ng warmkeep
>
again5
the firft
free from Vermine, which we mufl: carefully guard.
keepin the Windows clofe>
with fweet Wheat Straw 3 and the latter with Traps^ Cats,
&
g thick
THE feveral Kinds of Fruits ware in eral of the befl: Sorts And
follow in the enfuing Chapters,
Itho' I h
Fruit, the Day on which "'twas ripe this Year
placed to every
727. yet it is not to e
expeded tW every Year hereafter will produce them at the fame Time
I have already proved that the different Nature of Soils alters the Good
nefs of Fruits, and therefore the fame is to be underftood in the Scafons
of Ripening and Duration : For as thofe Fruits which grow on the
Tops of Trees are fooner ripe than the others nearer to the Roots, they
are Fruits muchaving lefs Nourifiiment communicated to them
forwarder in dry, fandy, gravelly Soils, which have much lefs Plenty of
For
ivracurity of Fruits
Moifture, than Lands that are more plentifully ftored therewith
tho' Moifture promotes Growth^ yet k retards ch
and 'tis therefore that the Opening of the Roots of Fruit-Trees in moift
Land caufes their Fruits to be confiderably forwardere '*
AND fince that the different Natures of Soils caufe Fruits to ripen
fooner in one Place than another, 'tis therefore that fome Peoples Winter
Fruits, as Pears, &c. are ripe and gone before their Neighbours
fcarcely eatable.
are
Jt #^-
/
s>I.
fv
A p.
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»
TLve F R u I T-G A R t)'E N lUujiratel
~i
t.^h
/
fiij.
* «
Of
w k1- '
H
HI
f
XV.
R
1
HERRIES produce their Fruits, either on the lateral Snags
. or on the lad Year'sf the two and three, &c. Years Wood
Wood only,,as the early May^ and Morella Cherries
7and
their yearly Sh9ots fliould not be topp or prun
Fig, II. "Plate XVL which is the laft Year's Shoot of e
For by
Morella
Cherryy
It aPP
ears that moft of the Jruits are produced at the End of
the Shoot which would have been cut away, had that Shoot been prun'd
at the End, as is ufual.
y,^jiv>
« V
THE that tliat Wood which
produces Fruit this Year^ is always barren after, excepting now^and-tlien
forae few Fiddes or Spurs, fuch as d i, {Fig. III. Plate IV.) where A B
is Part of the laft Year's Shoots, with its Buds fwelling for Bloffonij
and B C the barren Wood of two Year's old.''
NOW feeing that the yearly Shoots become barren after once bearing
we are thereby taught the Neceffity of preferving new Wood every Year
all the Parts of our Trees, for a Succeffion For when Care is
not taken our Trees produce their Fruits in their extreme Parts only, and
their interior Parts are wholly barren
r
THE Morella Cherry, when well ripen'd, is an excell Fruit tor
the Table, as well as for Preferving, and is a very great Bearer
Z THE
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85 O M N A: Or ^^
i
THE fmall May-Cherryy {Fig. 11. "Plate XVII.) produces its
we muruits in the fame Manner as the preceding, and therefore
the like Manner preferve the yearly Shoots to fucceed thofe which produce
Fruits the fame Year : But fometimes the Wood of two Years old, pro-
duces Fiddes or Spurs, which bring good Fruits, (as d d d^ &^
Plate IV.) the two Years Wood of the May-Cherry.
Fig.Y
1
%\
r
THE yearly Shoots of this Cherry have their Buds very nearly fet
together, zs d d d, &c. reprefented in Fig. IV. of the fame Plate, and
therefore produce great Quantities of Fruits, \
i
v
THE HolmanS'fDuh, {FigA. Plate XVH.) is an excellent Fruit,
and great Bearer, as may be feen by the BloiTom^Buds dddy &c. {FigAll.
Plate ly.) which are fituate on the two Years Wood B C, near to
whence the laft Year's Shoot A B was produced. The Buds hbh^ &c.
are Leaf-BudsJ
whiic
they are produced
prepare themfelves in the firft Year after
)to bear Fruits in the fecond : And the like of the
White znABJackHeart, {Fig. lY,Y.Plate XVIII.) whofe feveral Branches
and Buds are in the fame Manner exhibited in Plate IV- Fig. I and II.
1 '
THE Carnation-Cherry, (Fig.UL PlateXVL) in good Land, is an ex
cellent fine large firm pulped Fruic, comes late, and is better from a Standard
than againft a Wall. If *tis well ordered it produces a good Crop, for
it naturallyproduces much BlofTom, as may be feen by the Buds Fig. II
and IV. Plate V. where the BlofTom Buds d d dy &c. Fig. IV. are but
preparing themfelves for . opening : But thofe of Fig. ll.hhhy &c. are
greatly expanded, even almoft into Bloflbm.
-»
*
THE Corone, Gafcoigne,
duc'd on Fiddes or
Explanation.
of the
Bleeding-Heart-CherrieSy being pro
two Years Wood need no further
/
^''-r
THERE are many other Kinds of Cherries that are very good.
the Luke^wardy Morifco, & which I could
and therefore omit their Defcriptions until
with their true Reprefentations and Qualities.
procure Sealbn,
can gratify the Curious
\
N. B. THJT•
»
(
f
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The F R u I t-G A R D E N lUufirated.
N. B. THAT the Leaves of the feveral Fmts reprefented in this
Wori, are exa6iJy after Nature itfelf hing the r6al Inipref'
Jions printed from the Bad of every Leaf nsjhen they nsjeitejirfi
taken from their rejpeifive TreeSi
^ '
_m- -'
_ • •
THE feveral Fruits ari aljo as hccurately delineated^ which
performed, hy cutting them exaBly thro' from their Vertexes^ per^
pendicuJarly to their Bafes 3 and then laying their S€£tions on
Papery I truly traced their Oui-lines^ hy the extreme ^arts of their
SeSiionSy and afterwards Jhadowd them as herein exhibitedj fo
that I can jufily fay, they are a perfe£i and exa£i Geometrical
Reprefefitation of Nature*
/
/
f"
V X
\r
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>
••
88rv
i MO N TOrJ
-
J>
^« «
' 4 X
\
» -
N»
».- 1
t,
H
I
/
-
f-
\.XVL \l
'^
4- it
^^»
-
Of
X1 .
TRICOTS, AbrlcotSy g iproduce Fruits pn the
laft Year's Shoots, and therefore we muft always take care toi
preferve young Wood for a Succeffion, that when we are ob-
lig'd to cut out that which is barren, we may fupply the Stead with that
as IS fruitfi But all the Fruits are not produc'd on the extreme, or laft
Year's Shoots, becaufe the Wood of two Years old does generally produce
fmall fruitful Branches, 2is bhd. FigA. and mnho, Fig. IL "Plate XIX.
which likewife produce good Fruits.-^
i -
THE fmall lateral Branches are oftentimes naiFd in at full Len1
2is cnh 0, Fig. IL but they produce better Fruits when>
as hh Fig. I
cy are prunedJ
THE firft ripe Apricots are produc'd at the Joint, between the firft
and fecond Year's Wood, (as at B, Fig. III. 'Plate VIII and IX.) where
you fee thofe Bloflbms are fully blown^ whilft the others above, ^t ccc
are not half f( much expanded, becaufe they receive lelTer and later
Nourifhment from the Roots than thofe at B 5 and in like manner thofe
atdSd, lefs and later than thofe at r (t r 3 and therefore it is that we are
wereurnifh'd with feveral Crops, whereby they continue much longer, than
they to ripen all together at one Time : But 'tis always found that the firft
Crop is the beft.
"V
THE Mafculine Jpricot, {Fig. I. ¥late XV.) is firft that is
e d when 'tis difcretionally thin'dp
the Notice of the moft Curious
3timely gather'd, is worth
3 but when they are fufFer'd row
m*
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If
I
^e FrUIT-G AR DfeN lUuftratel
in great Quantities, and gathered before or a
worth nothin
r they ijpe, they
89
THE next Apricot irt Order of Ripening is the Roman Jpricot,
(Fig,BCDEyTlate XV.) which is a very great Bearer, and pleafant juicy
Fruit gather'd before 'tis mealy to
Apricot^ which, of the two,
Sorts
much the beft Fruit
is the true Orange
But the very beft
3
Apricot
the Turkey, Bruxeh Or Breday commonly called the Brujfeh
THE Turkey Apricot^ {Fig, II. 91ate XV.) is an excellent, fine
beautiful, pleafant-tafted Fruit, but is generally a bad Bearer when
\ over-loaded with Branches, accordi7
ing CO the common Method
of nailing theni. But on the contrary, when laid at the Length oF
their Leaves, as before directed, 'tis a Fruit that*
after the others, and continues fome Time.
npens bout a Month
THE Bruxel Apricot^ {Fig, III.) is a npe about this Time, an
beft on a Standard 5 'tis a very great Bearer, and the very beft of all the
feveral Kinds of Apricots, its Pulp being always firm, with a fine brisk
high-flavour'd Juice. 'Tis beft propagated on the Mufcle-Plumb Stock,
either b^t^Gra
Situation.
Inoculation. delights warm Soil ancJ' >^
3^
t
'
^Mf^,^
t^
«
-
a
#^-
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po
\
M N A: Or7
y
H XVII.
/
Of u M I
i
LUMB S produce their Fruits on the lafl: Year's Branches
as well as on fmall lateral Snubs,
3
2iS a a dj &c. on the two
Years Wood, Fig. IV. "Plate XIX.
THE Bloflbm-Buds of
*
as well as of Reaches and Jprtcots>
are double, as c c, &c. and therefore eafily diftinguifli'd from Leaf-Buds,
are fingle, as i ^, &c. Fig. III. ^late XIX.
/
\
WHEN the kfl: Years Shoots have lateral Shoots, as I H K, FigAll
neceflary to reduce them within an Inch, or an Inch
are very fliort.
'tisP/ate XIX.
and half of the grand Sh h k 5 but thofe that
H, may be left unpruned
/
1
THERE are a very great Variety of Plumbs, of which ome areI
very good, and o very bad"> which lafl: bein worthy of our
Notice, I ftiall therefore only have regard to thofe that are valuabl
THE. firft ripe is the Jean-hative^ White
r
^rimordian or London
Tlumh^ {Fig, I. ^late XX.) which is of a fine clear yellow.
white Flew)
with
a great Bearer, and pleafant Juice, xifcjme^y 1727
Fig.
a
as mut oftentimes when this Fruit is unskilfully pruned
"Plate XXI,XXII. where the Shoots A B being prun'd at Bloffom-Buds, and
their Fruits thereby left deftitute of Leaves which caufed them, are feldom
worth our Notice 3 for altho' they are within the Power of Attraction,
and fupplicd with the Juices that are attraded up by the Branch C D,
yet for want of Leaves they cannot fo well perfpire away the Crudities
of
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i-
The Fruit-Garden lUuftrated.
1
of the Nourifliment they imbibe,and are thereby rendcr'd imperfed
:
g expofed to the Sun and Air, their Sap-Veffels are therebyefides, bein
dried upJand con equ^n cannot receive Nouriniment in fo great a
Quantity, as when in a fupple duftile State.
THE Red Trmordian {FigAL TlateXX.) differs very little frodi
the preceding, except in Colour, which is a dark Red, covered with a
Violet FleWj and the Manner of producing its Fruits, which are ge-
nerally in Clufters, (as Fig, HI. ¥late XXI and XXII.) Tis a very
pleafant-tafted. Fruit when well ripen d, and not too great a Number
upon the Tree : It ripens about three Weeks after the Jean-hathey viz h
une I.
THE Morocco "Plumh, {Fig. Ill "Plate X^^ IS idne PlumbyO vety
dark blackifh Blue, covered with a light Violet Flew, a goo
Bearer, and ripens about JuJy 14, 1727- on an Eaft-Wall.
91
_«*
THE Orleans ^hmb, {Fig. W. 9 late XX.) o common, yet i,
very valuable Plumb>
well for its ne rm juicy Pulp when we
ripen'd, as
reddifti Bl
being a conftant and plentiful Bearer Tis of plealant
3next the Sun, and a yellowifh Green ]n its oppofite Parts
)
the P Pthe Stone
!
^
t
!
}
1
N. B. TBEIR common Magnitudes are generally as targe as
prick'i Line A B, reprefented in Plate XX. Ripe 7^74
South'WeJi Wall.«p
%
THE Fatheringh
called the Sheen
Sir William Tempi
Foderingham ^hmb, {Fig. "Vt. ^hte tt.} alf(
in refpe6t to its be a fa Plumb to
Pulp very firm and crifp, full of
who liv d ac Sheen nesit Richmond in Surry?hath
a cellent rich J )
from the Stone Next the Sun 'tis a dark but a pleafant Red,
and comes
a little
fpotted, and coyer'd with a very thin light Violet Flew
ITS Skin fomething hard, when Seafons are Wet and ColdJan
at fuch Times 'tis very
Tis an excellent Fruit
to pen at its Bloffom-End, before ripe
;
!
«:
gainft a South-Eaft Wall, but very indifferent
when a Standard or Efpalier : Ripe July i 7^7 South-Eaft Wa• THE
•
'
V^
.<
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I
i
A-*
'
^4
\.» »•
t V
«I
^* 02
1 .
\
.
(^
I
#
O M O N A: Or-f
?
'^
a»'
>
«
THE ImpertaJy {Fig. V- 3^/^^^ XX.) or Red Bonum Magnum^
beautiful but fomething coarfe Plumb, when eaten raw 5 and therefi
IS a
tis oftner ufed Baking Preferving5 & an IS much
efteem'd, by the Curious: Ripe July 15. North-Weft Wall
i
THE Violet Tluml {Fig, VII.) an old but valuable Plumb, either
for the Table or Tarts : The Pulp is of a greenifh Yellow, cover'd
with a deep blue Skin, with a moft pleafant Violet Flew 3 'tis a great
Bearer, and worth the Notice of the moft Curious : Ripe July \ 5,1727.
Weft Wall.
THE Royal (or Sir Charles Worfleys) Fig. VIII. Tlate XX.)
fo called in refpeft to its very rich fugar'd juicy Pulp, which eaves
to the Stone, and is covered with a light Red about the Bloffom-End\
with faint red Specks from the fame.
>
endiin Tis
beft in warm moift Lands, bein fubjecft
I
in a yellowifli Green :
to rot upon the Tree before
ripe in wet Lands, and-Iofes very much of its fine^ rich5
aci
plavour. 'Tis a good BearerJand may e juftly plac'd in the firft
-.;
Rank of Plumbs : Ripe July 20, 1727. South-^Eaft Wall.
THE Blue or Violet Terdrigon, (Fi£. IV ^7^f^ XXIIL) is an ex-
cellent Plumb 5 its Pulp richly fugar'd, and covered with a fine Violet
Flew, fomething yellowifli with T good Bearer, and one of the
very beft in England : Ripe July 2 o. Weft Wall
THE White "Perdrigon {Fig. V. flate XXIII.) is a yellowifli Plumb
fometimes fpotted with reddifh
>
Jd with a white Flew Its
Pulp ii
it, and
yellow within^ very fweet, with a pleafant Acidity attending
often fomething bitterifli.
•
comes from the Stone, but the Sk
Tis a good Bearer : Ripe Jugufi i . Weft Wall' '
' ^
A.
THE Mml 'Perdrigm (Fig. Ill, <Plate XXIII.) is an excellentI
,full of a rich
Plumb 5 its Pulp comes from the Stone
gar'd
very firm
y
Ripe July 1 o. Weft Wall
d with an almoft black Skin, and fine Violet Flew^.
THE
1
I
5>
^'
•< V
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4i
s.
f
The Fru IT-G ARD.e *i
FX
E NT
%
JUuflrated,vt^\
m
n
f-
THE &r«9 Terdugon, {Fig. L P//jf^ XXIII.) is a moft beautiful
Fru>
d with a Cnmfon Red and aint Pearl-colour'd
1
when well ripen'd, its J
fomething harfli and acid
>
are \
Rip u
ery agreeable, which othcrwifc
ao, Weft Wall.
4
-
t
I
THE Chejton 9lumh, Fig. IL "Plate XXIII.) is a moft delicious rich
Fruit d therefore ' defc a South Eaft Wall 5 its Colour IS a deep
dndigo, covered with a fine Violet Flew ': Tis a good Bearer, at
fore no Gentleman that delights in thefe Fruits fliould be without
Klpc July 15. Weft Wallr i
\
/r
THE Maitre Claude, iFtg, YL "Plate Villi) i§* another excellent
Plumb, full of a fine rich Juice, and a firm Pulp, which comes from
the Stone, and cover'd with eautiful Mixture of Red and Yellow
Ripe 7u ^3 South-Eaft Wall.
«* „i> ^'
THE Reme Claudia, ot ^een Claude, {Fig, VIH. "P^e XXIIf.) is
an excellent Plumb, yellow next the Suti when ripe
Pearl-
>and covered with a
very firm^ comes
fi-om the Stone, and is very
Bearer : Ripe Jugujl S'. Weft Wall.
uice,*a good
* J
k
\
THE White Mirahle, (Fig. VH. ^Iqte XXIII.) is a fmall Amber-
colour'd Plumb, and a great Bearer 5 its Pulp cornes from the^ Stone>
and is vaftly rich, with a fine delicious fugar'd Juice. The Fruits are
very richly fugar'd, even when produc d on Standards, or Dwarfs, Biit
much finer againft an Eaft or South-Eaft Wall : Ripe ^uly zo, i/z/
from a Standard.
^^_*
>
I
f
i
r
i
»i
THE White Matchlefs, {Fig. I Plate XXIV.) is a beautiful Fruit,
of a yellow Colour, d with a white rl When this
Fruit is well ripen d, us an excellent Plumb, but if eaten beforejis ripe,
the Pulp is fgrnething harfli and acid
Rive July 14, 17^7' Weft Wall
5tis a tolerable good Bearer
[j;^^^^^Mr-
THE
f
^
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/
94 M N A: OrI
J%
f
i
r
THE Black ^amojine^ {Fig. IJ. ^Iate XXIV,) is a very pleafant
d Pli^pb, upon its Ripening, but afterwards more fugar'd 5 its Pulp
comes from the StoneVfc
?
a blackifii Blue
greenifh Yellow within, vpry deep or rather
>d with a fine Viokt Flew
3
3 '
tis a
Bearer : Ripe July 25^ 17x7. Eaft Wall
very o6d
-,
1/
THE ^en Mother, {pig. Ill TlmXXlV.) h an excellent Fruit
when fully ripen d fo as to be a little fhrivel'd on the Tree 5 its rich Pulp
is yellowy within, comes from the Stone whichr
very fmall in Prop
tion to the Whole 5 next the Sun is a dark Red, which lofes its felf with
a few red3
in a dark Yellow Tfome wet Soils 'tis very fubje^t
a very good Bearer but in
Augufl 12J 727. South Wall
to be Maggot-eaten within-fide Ripe
*>
,
THE Green Gage, {Fig. IV. 'Plate XXIV.) is another of the
beft Plunmbs ; its Pulp is
Stone
g yr
very
ichly fugar'd, and comes from the
3ys cover'd with a greenifh yellow Skiri wh
^when ripe
a little Blufh of red Spots next the Sun, with a very pale Flew
^^^. ^^^ ^^^^^ Mother^ is very fubjed to Worms or
> 1
>
hati
Th
Maggots in wet
Seafbns : 'Tis a gve^t ^ec^ret xK^xett vrcii pruned, and is an excellent Fruit
even on Dwarfs or Efpaliers, but much better againft a South-Eaft WallRipe 'July 727. Eaft Wall
x
THE prab-^or, ot Cloth of Gold, {Fig. V. 'Plate XXIV.)
>
1
mofl valuably; Plutrib
within, and comes clean from the Stone
oth'er
"bellow, fpeck'd with Red, and
its Pulp is richly fugar'd when fnlljr ripe, yellow
Out'fide is a deep beautiful
^i
d with
Flew very great Bearer : Ripe July 20. Weft Wall
very light Pearl-colour'd
-X'
r
J THE. St. Catherine {Fig. IV. Plate
XXIV.)when difcretionally thin'd on the Tree, it being naturally a veryPlumb,
great Bearer: The Pulp is. very , fir;n and fw
cleaves to the Stone
\ whitifli Flew.
is an excellent good
)yellow ithin^ but
3 Qut-fide 15, an Ambcr-colour, cover'd withX
rated
IN a wet Seafon 'tis fubjed to Worms' -
:i
*
the Crudities of the Sap, r want
which I believe to be g
of Perfpiration3becaufe
whenI
(
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i
The Vkt IT-G ARDEN^1 .
Illufiratedinm
when they are kept thin in wet Seafons, they are not fo much afFeifled
therewith KifcJugT4jl 12, 1727. Eaft Wall.
..>
THE Tellow ^iap 2>iap d "PIurnb, (Fig:IV. 9hu xxir.)
is a fmall but very good Fruit 5 its Pulp is a beautiful YelloW with
f
7
and without, and comes 'from the Ston
ather'd, being fomething mealy when kept a
RTpe* Jugufl '6;\7i7, Eaft Wall
ftiuft be eaten as on as
Day two afterwards
'9«
THE Turkey Tlumb, Tlate XXV.) is a large beautiful
Fruit 5 fts Pulp is of ia greenifli Yellow within, very fweet, and cover'
with a pleafant blackifli Red when ripe : 'Tis a tolerable good Bearer
Ripe^^f/y 20, 1727. South Wall.
THE Mogul 'Plumh or White B. Mag>
{Fig nTlate XXV.) alfo called the White Holland, or "Dutch Tluml, an ex
cellent Fruit for Baking or Preferving ^ when 'tis ripe its
yellow within,
Pulp is very
well as without, and cover'd with a fine white Flew
The Pulp flicks to the Stone, hath a fine fliarp Acid when ripeJ
very good Bearer, and a beaiftiful'tr l^ii^crJt^Uji 20, 1717
tis 1
South
Eaft Wall
A
i
THE Wentwrth flumh, Fig. IV. Tlate XXV.) fo called from its
being firft planted in the Gardens of the Right Honourable the Elrl of
Strafford at Tkoichnham : Its Form, Colour, and Tafte, are exacfbly
I
Its Form, Colour, and Tafte, are
the ?ame as the Mogule 5 but as the Mog^h cleaves to the Stone, this
parts freely from it, and therefore it is looked upon to be the very beft
Plumb in England for Preferving 3 'tis a good Bearer : Ripe Augujl
727. South-Eaft Wall.
20;
/
THE Imperatrke, {Fig. HI. 'Plate XXV. called by fome th late
Violet?
Blue ^erdrigon) is a moft delicious Fruit when fufFer'd to
hang on the Tree until 'tis a little ftiriverd>
Pulp is a greenifli Yellow
within, vaftly rich, with a fine fugar'd Acid, and cleaves to the Stone
The Oot.fidc is a blackifli Red, cover'd with a fine Violet Flew7
tis
good Bearer : Ripe September 10, 727. South-Eaft Wall
THE
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96t\ M O N Or;
?
mi
?
1*
I
THE Wbite Pear "Plimh {Fig, I. TIate IIV,) is another excellent
the Tabic alfo, when fully ripe, its Juice
very agreeably mix'd with a pleafant fugar'd Acidity 5 the Pulp
Plumb for Prefervin^, and
bein
is a yellowifli Green^ cover'd with a fine light Flew 5 ^tis a good Bearer,
and ripens late, Septemher 10, 1727. North Wall.
+
N. B. THE Black Pear Plumb, (Fig. IL) is an excellent Fruit fc
Baking and Treferving 5 an ahh tts a n^ery common
yet it muji not therefore he defptsd^ as wife Fhrifls do good Flowers
when they become common in e^very Mans Garden lejides their own.
» *
1^
a
*
J i
p
t
—^1^1
v
-
v^
,v-»
/
*ii
>^
/
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The R UIT AH DEN iJInftratcd. 91
K^n Alphabetical TABLE of the preceding Plumbs,
e^chihiting their Times
Afpedls.
Ripenln or and differeti
t
.
ChestonI
CatherineDrab-d'or
DiArRE Tel/ow
Damosine Black
fotheringham
Green Gage,
Jean-Hative
Imperial
Imperatrice
MirABLE White
Morocco
Maitre Claude
Matchless White
Orleans
primordian
Perdrigon Blue
Perdrigon White
Perdrigon Musk
Perdrigon Cerney
Queen Mother
Royal
Reine Claudia
Turkey
Violet
Wentworth
White Phar Plumb
> -
Ripe. 'ffpcffs.
'July ly, 1 Weft Wall
^Ug. 12 f
U 203
AugJ I
u M >
June
Sept, 10
lO
u MJuly 23,
July 24
10
1ug.
July lo
July 50
Aug. \ 1
>
u 20J
20
J^b M-^w^. 2 o
— b
>
>
Soiith-Eaft,
Weft.
Eaft.
Faft.
y^z/y 14^ So IItIi-Eaft,F
y//i^ 30, Eaft.
Soutli-Eaft,
.Norch-Wcft.
Sourh-Eaft.
Standard.
Eaft.
South-Eaft.
Weft.
South-Eaft.
>
*
j
Weft.
We
Weft.
Weft.
South
South-Eaft,
Weft.
South.
Weft.
South-Eaft.
North.
*
t
•if
r I
c
i
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t
M O N A: Or'
;
-:
H XVIIL
0/" PEACHES </»i NECTARINES.\
V
LTHO' Nedlarines differ from Peaches in their Colour^
Smoothnefs of Skin and Tafte, yet their Propagation and
am
treating on the ordering of Peach-Trees, the fame is to be underftood of
Neftarine Trees.
Manner of Pruning, ^r: are the fame 5 fo that when
ALL Kinds of Peaches prod the Fruits
Wood
upon the laftYear
>as A
)Fig, VII. ^hte II and III. which never bears
>
but produce from Shoots or Fiddes yearly afterwards, as C D E, on B F
/fhc /mall Sfioots DEFG, (i^-.X.)he two Years Wood d th \]c
produced from, the two Years Wood X W of the Catherhie Peach
'tis therefore that we muft always, during the Summer Seafon
pref( a fufficient Quantity of new Wood to fucceed the old
*
THE Bloflbm-Buds of Peaches Jll,&c. being very plump, and larger
than the Leaf-Buds i i /,&€. are eafily diflinguifli'd from them, when we
come to make Choice thereof at the Time of Pruning..^r^
'
IT appears by the Shoots of the Apricot {Eg. III. Vlate VIII, IX.)
that the Bloffoffls at the extreme Parts much weaker than thofe at B
For as the extreme Part A was produced when the Vigour of the Sap
was over, and the Seafon colder than in the Spring, they are therefore
very weak and immature 5 and 'tis for this Reafon that the Ends of young
Branches, which are produced late in the Spring, are prun'd.
V r'•>^,^
BUT
t
-.1
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The FrU I T-G AR DEN IHuJirated. 99
BUT fince that there is not (b much as one Leaf-Bud betweenB andAtherefore that at A, the extreme Bud, muft not be prunjd, becaufe
>
other Leaf-Bud to attrad Nourldiment to the Bloffoms)
dpcrip
away the Crudities thereof 5 for was that Shoot to have the Leaf-Bud Aprun'd off, the whole Branch would perifli when the Fruits are ripen'd,
if any happen to grow thereon.
AND 'tis the very fame in the Branches of Peach-T or was
the Branch A B, Fig, VI. "Plate VIII and IX. to have Its leading Bud A
prun*d away, it would die as aforefaid 5 but if the lad Year's Shoot A B,
Fig. VII. ¥late II and III. were to be prun'd at the Bud /, it would not
die. becaufe it is a Leaf-Bud, and of the lame Nature as the extreme} 9
Budi&
THERE are many Kinds of Peaches which produce Leaf-Buds
near tot heir BlofTom Buds, as Bfff.&c.Fig.YL and n n n^&c. Fig, VUL
Vlate II and III. which is a very great Advantage to the Fruits, in
ftrongly attrading Nourifliment to them, as well as freely perfpiring
away the Crudities thereof.
. IV. Plate VIII and IX.
and BCD, &c. Fig> I. Plate XL the laft Year's Shoot of the Albemarle
; feen that thofe Kinds of Peaches are the bedPeach and 'tis always
tailed and moft fruitful
PEACHES have a very
w
and beautiful Diffi m
Magnitudes and Colours of their Bloffom The earlieft being f<
the
the
generality very large and beautiful, as the old Nemngton, Fig. II.
Plate II, III. and Fig, VI. Plate VIII, IX. and the Albemarle Peach, &c.
And the late Kinds very fmall, but yet veryFig. VI. Pl^te
beautiful in the
III.
Kinds, as the CathyFig. VIII. Tlate II, III. the
kte Jdmkahle, &c. Ftg. V. 'Plate VHI, II /
\
THE Goodnefs of Peaches depends very much upon their Quantity
for they are never worth any thing when left very thick upon the Trees
which is always done by a covetous Temper,
iProverb, All covet, All lofe.
which makes good the old
THIS
I
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lOOf M O N :0r
?'
THIS very Year I number'd 103 Dozen of Early, or Smkh'sNew^
ington Reaches, on one fingle Tree, in the Garden of a very reputed
Gardener for the Management of Fruits, which ein in general \^ery
fmall, and infipid tafted, were fold at Market for Six-pence per Dozen
Now had Nature been kindly treated with, and burden'd with 10 or 15
Dozen only, inftead of fo many, fhe would have been able to ^have
produced them with their true Taftes, and all other
greatefl: Perfedion.
Qualities, in the
/
HAVING already laid ^down the Difiances that the Branches
fliould be laid from each bther^ (q^tz. the Length of their Leaves) ic
only remains to fiiew their Difiances that they fliould ripen at upon the
Branches, which is exhibited by Fig. II. "Plate XIVf. -
!
THUS far by Way of Preliminary 5 now we'll proceed to the Fruits
themfelves.
I '
J
F
I
t
v.. THE firft Peach
(Fig, I. "Plate XXVII.)
_•"
White Nutmegy or Early White ^each7
I
m
well ripen d?
Col
its Juice is fvveet and fomething musky5when
very hry
B RipeB-
UfJ£ '>
\
PI
rather a pale Green
South ^ Wall\
<
-
('
THERE is alfo another Sort of Nutmeg "Peach, which is called the
Nutmegs or Troy Teachy which ripens foon after the White Nut-
meg^ and is a great Bearer alfo : Its Fruits are generally fomething larger
than the other, but in Tafte much the fame
Vermilion red Colour next the Sun.
, having a beautiful, broken9
j
r
THE Ann <Peach, Fig. ll.9late XXVII.) is a fmall, but verygood
Peach, fucceeding the Nutmeg>
from the Scone5
tis a
Pulp is very pleafant^ and comesH
good Bearer : Ripe July 10, 1727. Eaft Wall
^
r -
ThiERed Magdalene, {Fig. V. "Plate XXVII.)
fiill of a rich fugar'd J comes from the Stone
good Fruit, zn^
Ved> alfo the Infid'e of
yWhich is
blackifli Red
the Pulp next about it 3 next the Sun
very
*tis a
which lofes itfelf in a faint Green
Ripe July 20. South Wall
?tis a ood Bear
*.
THEt
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m
s
/
The R U I T A R D E N lUuftratcd loi
ft
THE White MagMane, (Fig. VI. Plate XXVU.) comes from the
}
IScone, which is
i
of a hght Cinamon Colour. The Pulp next to it is
very white, excepting that Part of it which is next the Rib of the Stone,
which
I _/
full of a
Ripe Ju
is a little ting'd with Red : The Pulp is of a great Subftance,
fine fugar'd win
}o. Weft Wall.
Juice, and melting5 'tis a good Bearer
THETuteon de Venice
{Fig, IV. ¥latel\\U,)is
commonly takenfor the White Magdalene, being very like it : It comes from the Srone
which is a Cinamon Colour, but the Pulp next about it is a light Green
wherein it only differs firom e White MagdaleneJ •
pus a very good
Fruit, and a great Bearer : Ripe July 20. South-Weft Wall.
N. B. BOTH thefe lafi Reaches have very little Red in them next
the Suny heing chiefly a pale Green.
i
r
i
THE Ro%anna {FigAW. "Plate XlVll^ comes rom the Stone
Itswhich is a brown Colour 5 the Pulp next about it is very Green
Juice is vei y rich, and therefore in great Efteem amon the Curious)
next Sun 'tis
great Bea
very Red, which lofes it felf in a faint Green
?ft Wall.
3'tis a
THE Smith's Nemngtoi3
(Fig 'Plate XXVIII.) alfo called the
EarlyNewington^ is a very good Fruit, and
firm and very like the Old Nemngtybut
}
great Bearer
in my Op
3ISulp
. much
fliort of that moft delicate Fl
with
which the Old Newington abound
It clofely adheres to the Stone, and is of a beautiful Red next the
Sun Ripe July 15 7
727. South-Eaft Wall
r
-
THE Minion, {FigM Plate XXVIII.) its Pulp abounds with a fine
rich fuaar'd Juice, and adheres clofe to the Stone, which is a dark Red5
full
as is alfo the Outfidenext the Sun : The Pulp is very firm, an
fmall red Spots under the red Part of the Skin, when pared3
'tis an ex
cellent Fruit, and a good Bearer : Ripe July 2 o. South Wall.
THE NoMefs, (FigAll Plate HYlll) or Noilejly
is an excellent
FruitJand truly worthy o its Name : It comes
D
from the Stone, which
has
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"
\
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O M N A: Or•>
has a Peek rifing on its pper End5
like that of the Fru5 -
?
brown Colour, deeply indented, with many 'Fibro Parts of
of a
Pulp
clofely adh to The Pulp is melt Dfull o a delicious J )
colour'd with Red next the Stone, and ftreak'd with dark Streak
f Red without next the Sun ^
5a ood Bearer Rip u 20
) 7^7
Soutt
\5rall
f
THE Monialon {Fig, IV. Vhte XXVIH) is an excellent Fruit>
Its
tender elti comes from the Stone which IS aPulp is
brown Red : The Infide of the Pulp next the ^tone is mix'd with light
Red, but the Outfide next the Sun is a deep Red 3 'tis a very
Bearer : Ripe Jtily jo. South Wall.
ood
I
\
THE Bordlne, (Fig.Y. "Plate XXVIH.) is' a very valuable Fruit+
Pulp comes from the Stone, of a fine vinous
J
Tafte nd of
Red next the Stone, which is of a dark Cinamon Colour
fome few Fibres of the Pulp adheres :
lofies felf wi fma
lovely
which
Next the Sun a fudden Red, which
ood
Bearer : Ripe July
Spots of Red in a yellow Green CIS a
> 7^7 Weft Wall
/
u
;
I
i
THE Newington Ne6i^ {Fig. I. Plate XXIX.) its Pulp clofely
adheres the Stone, which is very red, full of an excellent ric
hen perfe<5i:Jy ri'p which is known its hansinff until it is a little
fhriverd 3 its outward Colour next the Sun is very red, which lofes
it felf a ftron Yellow 5 "'tis a good Bearer : Ripe July3 7^7
South Wall. 1
/
\
4
THE Roman Ne6iorme, (F/^:. II. Plate XXIX.) its Pulp clofely
adheres to the Stone, which is very red^ as alfo its outward Skin next
the Sun, which is loft in a fine deep Yellow f Whr
en 'tis well ripen'd 'tis
an excellent Fruit, full of a
Bearer : Ripe "July jo. South Wall.
ne delicious fugar'd Juice 5 'tis a good
J
\
THE EJruge Ne^orine, (Fig. III. Plate XXIX.) has a foft meltin
Pulp, comes from the Stone, and very red next about it 5 but the Stone
The Out'skin is a very black Red next the Sun^ which
5 'tis a very good Bearer
b Red
lof( felf in a yellowifti Green next the Wall
Ripe July i7 South Wall
THE
p
t
*
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97j f> Fr U I T-G AR D EN lUnJirated. 103.i»^
THE /ifj//^«, oi- Bvumon Neftorhie^ {F!g. IV. tP/^r^ XXIX.) IS a
moft excellent, rich, vinous-flavour*d Fruir, when well ripcn'd}itsPu
is very firm, and cleaves to the Stone, which is very red, as alfo is the
out Part next the Sun, which lofes it felf in a pleafant Yellow : Ripe
Auguji6, 1727. South-Weft Wall.
%
f
i
\y
(
i
i
S
1
^
V.
ir
\
r
X
I
I
THlB Golden 'Nedomiey (called fomeJ
o fallly5
le Teinph
Ne0^
r
Fig* V-) its Pulp adheres very clofe to the Stone, which is of
within as wellery light Brown^ or Snuff Colour : 'Tis very yellow
without, excepting next the Sun, where 'tis intermix'd with Spots and
Streak
the
s o Red) •
?tis a rich flavoured Fruit when well ripen 'd
3
rerore flhould not be gathered fomething flirivel'di
*tis a
good Bearer : Ripe Augujh xo. Weft Wall
THE a Jdmhalk, {Fig. If. "Plate XXX.) comes romthe
Stone>
which is of a Cinamon Colour 5 the Pulp next to it is wh
with fome few Tindures of Red : it may be juftly called AdmhabJe
regard to its fine delicious melting Pulp
ftreaked with pleafant Red, which lofes
The
felf
Part the Sun
in a ght Yellow?
tis
good Bearer Rip Augufty
717. South-Eaft Wall
THE Temple Ne^anne {Fig- 1. "Plate XXX.) comes from the Stone
which is a Cinamon Colour 3 the Pulp is white next the Stone, m
and full of a ne
eiti
rich Juice, fomething acid. Next the Sun 'tis o
Carnation Red, which is loft in a yellowifli Green
K\v^ Septemher 4. Weft Wall.
ytlS good Bearer
THE 9afs-rhht^ {Fig. HI. "Plate XXX.) or 2) e Troy "Peach7
the Stone, being very red next about it
its Pulp comes from
is very like the Red
Colour, faintly dotted with brownifh Red
Eaft Wall.
Tafte
but its outward Coatis
ofan Orang
1717Ripe Angufi 6>
THE Wvet {Fig. IV. "Plctie XXX.)
very red alfo the Pulp next about
comes
but
from the Scone, which
with ry yello
tis a fine rich fugar'd melting Fruit)
dark Red next the Sun, which
IS«
-r
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\
'
X
104.M N A: Or
)
IS loft in a faint Yellow 5 'tis a good Bearer : Ripe Jugtifi >
Eaft Wall.
^^
1727L I
THE Turple Alberge ) {Fig, V. "Plate XXX.) o calle3
ein
in
ery
d with a Coat of Purple about the Bloflbm-End, which lofes
dark Red, blended with Yellow 5 its Pulp is yellow within.
'Tis a moft del
. Eaft Wall.
felf
and
about the Stone^ from which it parts
rich juicy Fruit, and a good Bearer : Ripe Angujl3
{
THE Violet-Hathe Fig. VI. 'Plate XXX.)
9
comes from the Stone3
whic IS o a Red on the Edges, but on the Bulge a Chocol^
Colour : Next to the Sun 'tis a very dark Red, which is foftned off
fofter Red, which at length is loft with fmall red Sp>
Ground
blended with Red and Yellow : Its J is the moft del ever
tafted, it far excels the Old Ne^wington, notwithftanding that is ex
cellent a Fruit : Ripe Juguji. 8. Eaft Wall.
THE Old Nemngton {Fig. I. "Plate XXXI.) its Pulp clofely adheres
to the Stone, which is of a lively Red^and very full of a moftdelidous
ich J 5Pulp is very firm when ripe
>and of a beautiful Red
the Sun, which lofes it felf in yellowifli Green when ripe
different Bearer I'd in
It is but an
thick with Wood, but the reverfe, (as-
before noted) when the Branches
JugMjt 6. South Wall.
laid about Inches apart Rip
(
\
\
1
Red
^W^ Alhmarle {FigAL VlateXXKl) comes from the Stone, whicl
fine Vermilioi
. and full of 5
1
f a brownifli Red 3 but the
ery
Pulp
great Thicknefs
the Stone
Pulp melting
'
\
very r vinous nice : Next the Sun 'tis very dark Red, which is
foftned off, and loft in a yellowifli Green, fet very thick with fmall red
/ 3'tis a aood Bearer : Ripe Juguji 8. South Wall
t
ff
I
THE Brookes "Peachy fo called from the Lord Brooks, who firft pro-
Gardens at Tmckenham in Middlefex, {Fig. Illpagated it in
^late XXSI.) Next to the Sun 'tis of a fine Vermilion Red>which lofes
felrI ith fmall red Sp yellowifli Green Th Pulp of very
great
\ Colou
Su'ofta;
comes from Stone?
which is of a Cinamon
r 3 tne inward Part of the Pulp next about the Stone is very
white?
*
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f
The Fruit-Garden Illuftrated. lo$
f white • its Juice is very delicious, and the Pulp melts
\
in eating 5 'tis 1
very good Bearer : Ripe J^guji 8. Weft Wall.
\
ii
i
!
r
I
!
THE Hemskirk, {FigAV. "Plate XXXI.) is a moft beautiful delicious»
Fruit 5 the Pulp has a fmall Adherence to the Stone, which is of a dark
red Colour, as alfo the Pulp about it : Its Outfide next the Sun is a very
deep or blackifli Red, which goes off gradually towards the back Part,
which is fet very thick with fmall red Spots j 'tis a very flefhy Fiuk3
and a good Bearer : Ripe Jugt^Jt 8, 1727. South^Eaft Wall.
THE Bellows, {Fig. V. "Plate XXXI.)
excellent good Fruit Its Pulp comes rrom
Brown, and e Pulp next about It very
r
very great feear^r, and
e Stone, which is a li
with a Tindlurchy
Red next the Cleft or Edge of the Stone : Its Skin,
peel off, is of a pleafant Red next the Bloflbm-End
which
and>
o
with fmall red Specks in a yellowifii Green : Ripe Juguji
Wall.
I.
freely
it fclf
Weft
V
f
t
THE Sm^ake otSwolz^, {Fig. I 91 XXXII.) is faid
brought to England by the Lord "PetethoYough?
Its Pulp comes
be firft
from
the St which is very red we the Pulp next aboutyan
commonly larg
Red, which is foftned off with fmall red Sp
Juice is very rich, and
'n<r
good Bearer : Ripe Auguji I.
Very deep
: Yellow5
Weft Wall
Its
[
\
\
THE "Pai^y Royal {FigAL 5P/^^^ XXXII.) comes from
a Cinamon Colour 3 its Pulp is very#red aboutwhich is of
s
Stone
Stone,
ItsJuice equal to the beft Peach or Pavy in the World :
black Red, beautifully ftrip'd with a^ fine Vermilion Red,
which is foftned off in a yellowifii Green 5'tis a very good Bearer, and
in, it would, without Difputc, be the ver)r
Outfid is a
were it to be nail'd in very
beft Peach in England : Ripe JtigtjP }727. Eaft Wall
THE Torp
which is both red and brown
(%. III. Tlate X)CXII.) xomes from die Stone,
: The Pulp next about the Stone is very
r>and, if eaten befor quite pe, has ery much of the Old New
igton Tafte inybut the Juice is much finer when fully ripen Rip
r
e
m T'
JuguJl 143
yzn. Eaft Wall
% •
eTHE
I
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r
iq6 M N Or7
V
\ ^
THE Rickets Teach, {Fig.lV. "Plate XXXII.) called in 1 egard to
its beiin
c comes
firft
fro
ropagated by Mr. Rkkets, late a Nurfery-man at Hoxton :
m c Scone
?
f
Jwhich is of a Cinamon Colour, with a Tinge
next the Stone is of a beautiful Red
which lofes it felf in an almofl: tranfparent white Pulp, which is meltin
of Red in the Clefts 5 the Pulp J
and very full of a very fweet delicious Juice : its Outfide next the Sun
is of a very pleafant Vermilion Red, which is fofcned off with very
fmall Spots In a light yellow Ground -, 'tis a good Bearer : Ripe Juguji
ij> 1727 South-Weft Wall.
i
\
I
w
I
i
"^
V ' *
1
\
K
t.
i
1^
\
i
TW^ Late Admlrahle (Fig-V- 'P/^teXXXU.) conies from theStone,^
which is a Cinamon Colour, to which adheres many Fibrous Particles
of the Pulp : Next the Stone it is a very deep Red, melting, and full
of an excellent rich Juice 5 the Out-skin is of a pleafant Red next the
Sun, which is foftned* off with very mihutef Spots,- into a pleafant
Yellow 5 "'tis a very good Bearer : Ripe Auguji 24, 1727. South Wall.
A_
THE Bell Che^reufeyCommotiTy called Che^erufe, [FigA^P^late XXXIlI.)
comes from the Stone, which is of a light trown Colour 5 and next
it the Pulp is of ^a pleafant Vermilion Redywhich IS full ofa
• f
fbft fugar*d Juice : "The Ouc-skm next the Sun is a ftrong Red, that is
foftned off in a light Green 5 ^tis a good Bearer : Klpc Augufl 24, 1727.
South-Weft Wall.^
^ •- ^
THE Burdock {FigAL Plate XXIHI.) its Pulp adheres to the StoneJ
which is of a Cinamon Colour5
'
tis of a very great Subftance, very
rm^ and full of a moft delicious;rich Jiiice : Its Outfide Inext the Sun
is a beautiful Vermilion Red, which is foftened off with fmall red Spots
in a pleafant yellow Green 5'
any of the Kind : Ripe Aiigufi 30, 17274 South Wall
tis a good Bearer^ and ts good a Fruit as
£\ nf- r
THE•^^
oiwn9
or RumluJion, {Fig, III. Tlate XXXIII.) comes
fiom the Stone, which is of a Cinamon Colour3 the Pulp next about
of a light Red, and it's inward Pulp of a fine Yellow 5 'tis full of a
fine vinous rich Juice, and is an excellent Fruit : The Outfide next the.
Sun is a fine pleafant Red,
good Bearer : Ripe Septemhe
which is foftned
Weft Wall
into a ght Yellow a'
z.-
THE1
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The Fr4
u I T ^G A R D EN lUujiratel 107
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>
^
THE ItaUan T^each (F/^. V. 9Iate XXXlll) comes from the Srone,
which IS very like e Stone of the Rkhts'Teath
Pulp next about the Stone is a deep Red, and next die Sun a
in' its Colour • it?
ackifli
a very ^thick Cotton or Down, which is foftned offed, cover'd with
with fmall red Spots in a light yellow Ground : 'Tis meltin)ahd u
of very rich fugar'd Juice 5 the Pulp is of very great Subftance, and in
brief it Is not inferior to the very bed Peach growing, when planted
a ainft a South-Eaft Afped in a" warm Soil 3 'tis a good Bearer : Ripe
Septemler
<
y 1727 South-Eaft Wall.s
I
V
p
4i
1
L
1
J
.
I
THE Malacotune {Fig.lY. "PlateXXXlll.) its Pulp adheres to the
Stone, which is a, pleafant Red : The Pu!p_ is 1 ery dof
rich Fl
-
nlike that of the Old Newington : Kext the Sunr' — f Ik
deep Vermilion Red, whicli is foftned off with beautiful Flak
patches of the fame, in
Septefnher
a yellowifli Green 5 'tis a ood Bea
fmall
Ripe
10 727* South Wall
r
1
I
\1
K
r
J
THE Gatherfne] {Fig.^L "Plate Xlllll.) tho'a late, yet
ne rich-flavou?d Fruit, wnen there is but a reafonable Quantity on th
Tree, jhe Seafon kind, and planted
Eaft Afpe(5l
Wall.
).tis .a
a warm moift Soil, and South-
727. Southi
; «
t
^i
:%,^"fp J ^.r v:
THE Bloody "Peac
beiiig entirely red with
>
f/^. VI. 9htelXXlh)fo called from its
Pulp
?comes from the Stone, which black
rather a Purple Red^ as is alfo the Pulp next about k : The Outfide .„,
o late Ripening, well defended from the Inj
*r
\
in Confideratiori
of Heat and Cold, by a \cfj great Covering of a Cottony or Downey
Subftance, under which is a very black or Purpk Red : 'Tis a very
Bearer?
and, confidering its late Seafon x)f Ripening, which IS
05toh
riofity
>
Sake
bad Fruit : and therefore every Garden, even for Cu
fliould'Aot be\^ithout one Tree thereof at theleaft.
J
4
^j •-- •
s ^-
4-
-'^
' • K r- *
< .
I**
r ' -
^'ik*
'^
T _ n
i^i ;
^ H.. - --vr--=-**— *
V
4
»-.
'.-^
' ff IfTT
J
b
V
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*^ «
•r»
r
* ^
[
108^ M N Or
7
s..
c/^» Alphabetical TABLE of the preceding PeachesJ
exhihiting their Times
Afpedls.
Ripening?
^»i differenti.
I
i"
h
»
Ann Peach
AlbermarleJ
Admirable Eavly
Admirable Late
Alberge Purple
Brookes Peach
Bellows
BORDINE
L . .
Bell-Cheveruse
Bloody Peach-
^ Burdock
Catherine
Elruge Nectorine
^ Golden Nectorine
HemsKIRK
Italian Peach
^ Italian Nectoriner
_-_ ^^ -'
Magdalene White
Magdalene Red.
Minionf
MoNTABON
^ Malacotune
NiVET^i
^ Newington Nect.
Newington Smith's
Old
4^
NEWINGTON
Nutmeg White
Nutmeg Red
NOBLESS
ORPREE
PavY Royal
Ripe.
to
to
Jug.
Aug.
Aug, 24
Aug.
Aug,
Aug. 1
J
10
-b
Sept. If,
10
Aug.
Sept.
Aug.
July 30
J
>
>
20
20
o
10
74
Aug*
July JO
74Aug'
c
r^
6
une
une
20
>
>
74-^»g- 24;
Aug. 15 >
^ ^
*!
i4fpe6t5\
Eaft Wall.
South.
South-Eaft,
South.
Eaft.
Weft.
Weft.
Weft.
South-Weft.
Eaft.
South.
South.
South.
Weft,F
South-Eaft.
South-Eaft.
South-Wcft.
Weft.w
South.
&uth.
South,
South.
;
' »
Satt
S ^
~l
I
Eaft.
South.
South-Eaft.
South-
South.
South.
South.
Eaft.
Eaft.
V
't
i
Pass-Violet
t
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ft
ft*
.1
I -
I
I The Fruit-Gard^en lUuftrated.
ass-Violet
UMBULLION
ROZANNA
Rickets
^ Roman Nectorine
SwALZE
Temple Nectorine
Tuteon de Venice
Violet-Hative
i^rop
BJpe.
20
20
Aug,
Sept,
July
Jug. 2J
5^»/j^ JO
Jug. I
Sept'
Jtily
Jug*
7
i
}
)
20i
>
Eaft.
Weft.
South-We fl
Weft.
South.
Weft;
Weft.
South.
Eaft.
5^J..
N. B. THOSE Fruits ijohofe "Pulps adhere to their Stones are
called PavieSy which in this Table are dijlinguiped hy a Star ^
placed againfi them : The others without the aforefaid Charaffer
are called Peaches^ hecaufe their 'Pulps are Tiieltingy dnd come
freely
fromtheir Stones,
\
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/
(IIO<
f
i' M N A: Or
i
V* 9
m
.<
H
Of GRAPES, and
XIX.1
'
their Ordering."€
^•j
tmA
INE S do not direftly produce their Bunches of Fruits fiom
thefirft four Buds of the laft Year's Shoots, as many imagine,
but from new Branches or Shoots, which are produced from
thofe Buds or Joints, whofe third, fourth^ and fifth Joints, produce th*e
Fruits we receive.
I
y
IT is a common Method amongft moft Gardeners, to prune the lafl
Year's Shoots of Vines to fonr Rnd?, (as ivV. I. T'hce Liy.) imaginin
that their Fruits are produced as aforefaid : And indeed where there is
Plenty of Wood the Method is not amifs, when Vines are growing
againft a Wall 3 but in Vineyards 'tis entirely wrong, if the Vines are
in a good State of Health : For when the Seafon has produc'd Branches
that are truly healthful and mature, they may be prun'd to three Feet
each in Length 5 and if afterwards,
an almoft horizontal Pofition, at
in the SprinJthey are incliin to
proper Diftances from each other,
as to have a free Peripiration, every Bud would produce a Shoot, and
each Shoot two or three Bunches of Grapes 3 fo that inftead of havin
from one Shoot, after the common Method of Pruning, to four Joints,
but three or four Bunches only, we may have ten or twelve, and each
equally as ood3and confequently a very few Plants wi produce a
great Quantity of Fruits.
them but
^r, Warner at Rotherhlth.
If any doubt or dilpute the Truth hereof, let
o and view the Vines now growing in the Garden of
which, by his judicious Management after the
Manner before defcrib'd, annually produce great Quantities of the Bur
gundy\ and, 1 miftake not, the Claret-Grape alfo^ with which he
makes
^
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i
The Fruit-Garden I/luJirated. Ill
Butakes chearful Nedor for the Accommodation of his Friends.
fince that our Climate and Soil, in many Parts of England^ is nor na
tural to the Vine, fo as to produce our beft Sorts of Grapes ia open
Vineyards, we muft therefore plant them againft our bed afpedlcd WalU
that their Juices may be ripen'd in as good Perfection as the Seaf(
able to produce.
y
on is4
4
THE mod natural Soils for Vchalky Lands, inclinabl
rich
e to
,light, fandy, rocky,
Gravel : For as they don't imbibe and
perfpire lo much as Appl>
Pears, &c. which delight in moift ftifl
Lands, therefore lefs Moiftuie bears a nearer Proportion to theirNature
for there's nothing deftroys Vines fooner than an ovcr-and-above Quai
tity of Moifture.
>
Seafc
dand
r
L
FOR tho' the Vine bleeds mod freely in its bleedin
produces many long fucculent Branches, and great Plenty of very juicy
Fruits yet from the third Experiment of Mr. Hales's Vegetable Staticksy
17. it is plain, that die y'mei k not a great Perfpirer, and therefore
thrives beft in dry Soils.
_— -^
\
\
anted exadly
under the Drops of Houfes, ypcr
\
\
THE beft Seafon Pruning he Vine, is the End of Septemhr>
for as the Seafon is then warm, 'the feveral Orifices ar
healed, fo that in the following Spting, when the Sap beg
t
immediately
to rife. in
the bleeding Seafon^ it cannot be diminifh'd thereby, and confequently^
_r
every Branch is better abl to produc good Fruits5
when ptun'd
improper Seafon, and greatly weakened by the Lofs of Sap
/
THE clofer or nearer together the Buds of young Shootsi
the
more fruitful 5 and therefore we fliould obferve, at the Time of Pruning,
to lay in fuch Branches, whofe Lengths need not beconftrain'd to four
J
'w
, as IS common^ but in Proportion to thejr Length or Thicknefs
A very ftrong Branch may be laid two Feet and a half in Length>
others lefs ftronger, two Feet, eighteen Inches, a Foot, &i
i
THE-^
k
*
/
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I
112 M N Or,M
/
m>
THE nearelt Diftancc that the Branches of Vines fliould be laid
fliould be never lefs than one Foot, for if they have not
>
abundance of
Air to perlp they will not thrive. All thofe Kinds vvhofe Leaves
very large, as the Raiftn Grape, {9kte XLIII, XLIV.) fhould r
the fame Reafon, be laid at greater Diftan
THE fecond. third fourth, &c. Years Wood of the V Jbein
J
after the firft Year, for ever barren of themfelves of producing any more
Fruitsy
Bottom
we muft therefore be always bringing up young Wood from the
3other Parts of the
5to fucceed the preceding
doowever, altho' that the Branches of Vines
duce Fruits after the firft Year, yet Nature has been fo careful as to
But
of themfelves pro
make a Provifion otherwife, which is at their feveral J 9from
whence every Year fmall Branches are produced, (called by the French
Courfons) which oftentimes produce good Fruits, as well as young Wood
alfo, when 'tis wanted to (ucceed that which is by Tinie-wholly barreu,
being pruned at the fecond Budjjfroiinh^~x5ld^Woo
BUT we itiuft not fuffer any of thefe Kinds of Shoots to grow
forward frorn^the Wall ^ and rViprefor^ thafc /or our Purpofe are fuch asw
in their natural Growth, lie flat or parallel thereto.
% *
- '
o WHENwe prune off the End of a Vine-Branch, we fhould cut it
ff flopin behind the Eye, and about two4
Inches above the fame.
ABOUT the Beginning of May we fliould o
w
over our Vines>
r
which arend nail clofe to the Wall all the feveral young Shoots,1
furnifh'd with Buhches of Fruits which then appear, as Fig, II. ^late X.w
that, as their Leaves augment their Magnitudes, and the Heat of the
Summer advances, they may be proteded during their Growth, from the
Injuries of Heat and Cold : For thofe Grapes that are fuffer'd to growon Branches about fix, eight, or ten Inches from the Wall, and thereby
fully expofed to the Sun, and drying Winds, have their tender Sap-
Vcflels foon dried up, and are therefore never worth a Farthing.
TOWARDS
t
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The Fruit-Garden Illuftraled. fi3
TOWARDS the End of May, we fliould have Recouife to our
Fruits, flopping their Branches at the third or fourth Joint beyond the la(t
Bunch, and not at the Joint next above it. as exhibited in 5^/^/^XXXIV.•
which is commonly pradlis'd by unskilful Gardeners, by th want
knowing the attractive Power of Leaves, ^nd their Ufe in Perfp
For when the Branches of V thus runed^ how is it po/Tibl
the Fruits can be fo ftrongly nourifli'd, when they are deprived of proper
them wlcli : fo thatnftruments, which Nature had provided to furnifli
o helping the Fruits, as they imagine, (like moft onftead
dthei: Operations) they depauperate.
all their
nay
and Kndeir them, at befl:, very
ey very often ferifli, and then forfooth thenfipid and taftelefs3
Coxcombs imagine that their Fruits are deftroy'd by a Blight*
^F*
WHEN thefe cWo Op are performing, we difpl
all forward Branches, and others that appear ufelefs, which, if fuffer'd
to grow, never fail of mjuring the Fruits^ and the other Branches.hA
/
TOWARDS the latter End of "July, the fmall ^zt/y Grap>
or
early
«
penJ
which
time we fliould by Degrees acquaint thofe Fruits with more of the Sun_,
to ripen their J Thfweet, and its Skin thin, is generally deftroy'd by
Grap6 is z great Bearer,
Wafp
and, being very
>1fCa not
taken to deftroy them, either Vials of fugar'd Water, hun up to
drown themfelves rather their Nefts deftroy'd in the Night with
Fuzze of Gunpowder, fir'd and ftopp'd into the Entrances to their Nefts
which fuffocates them in general, fo that afterwards you may dig down>
and burn them in general : Tis of a fine Ind o full or a moft
deliciousJuice : Ripe July 20. South Wall
/
withBUT fince that the other Kinds of Grapes do Hot ripen
Kind, we muft therefore let fome of them remain longer before we
expofe them to the Sun, that they may continue longer with us, inftead
of being in general ripe together.
THE other Kinds of Grapes wor our Notice>
are the White
Sweet Water, {"Plate L.) which is a fine large white Grape-, its Skin
. ' , . 11 .r^..^ r.,u:^jx «.^ w/oft^c . "Tk an evcellent goodis very thin, and therefore fubjed to Wafps od
Grape7
rfcr
k
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/
^^
114
is
O M N A: Or9
generally very large, and tranfparent when ripe, but therape, an
Bunches are very thinly kt therewith : Ripe Augujl 10. South Wall.
-*:4fc-.*
THE White Mufcadhie, (9late XXXK) is one of the beft Kind
of Grapes for ripening in England : 'Tis a very great Bearer, and, wKen
skilfully order'd
and when
Ripe Augufl
yFruit
5when
9 •
g^ther) fomething
pe, "'tis tranfp)
with Amber next the Sun
'\'
,-."
THERE IS another Sort of White Mufcadine^ which is very thinly
fet on the Bunches, but the Grapes are very large, and moft delicioufly
fweet when ripe, and therefore called the Royal Mufcadlne.
^ J
THE BlacTi Sns)€et Wat3 { 'Plate LI. ) called from its
Wood, which is of a blackifli Colour, and the Stalks of the Bunches
ablackifli.
Red, but the Grapes are white, cover'd with a fine white
PleWj and of an oval Form 5 'tis alfo called the MoreUtan Grape : Be-
fore "tis ripe the Juice is very fowre, and the Skin very tough j but when
quite ripe 'tis very fweet, but'fomething watery : Ripe Auguft 20.
THE*Black Currant Grape (Fig. L "Plate XLVL) IS a»
moft
>delicious Fruit, ibmething oval in its Form : 'Tis a very good Bearer
w
and produces Fruit which is cover'd with a fine Violet Flew, very clofe
fet in the Bunch : Ripe Auguji 24. South-Eaft Wall.
THE Brick Grapy
{Fig "Plate XXXIX.) fo called from its
lerable good Bearer,rown red Colour j 'tis a t(
fweet Fruit : Ripe Auguji 24. South Wall
and very pleafant
I
%
F
THE "Parjley Grape, or Canada Grape, (Fig. I. 9hte LXVIIL)
) called from the Country from which it came, and its Leaf being
divided into many Parts, like unto the ^arfley Leaf, and is therefore called
the Parfley Grape : The Fruit is white, and in Form and Tafte like the
Whhe Mufcadine, but feldom fo large Ripe Auguji 24. South Wall
THE Black Mufcadine, {Plate XXXVI) called by fome, but im
properly, the Red Mufc tne When the Grapes are beginning to
ripen, the Leaves are very beautifully mixt with Purple, Kcd,Ye\loWy&i
Tis
*
\
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J
TheI
FrUI T-G Ak DEN lUuJlrated. lliy
Tis an excellent gooci Fruit when well ripen'd>
its Colour % fine IndiVo,
Septemb
d with a pleafant Violet Flew, and a tolerable good Bearer
o^
717, South Wall
Ripe
THE Clufler Grape {Fig.IL "Plate XLIL) is a fine delicious Grape
of a ftrong Indigo Colour^ eover'd with a Violet Flew,
9
and
clofe fet in the Bunch, and therefore called the Clujier Grape.
\Grape IS called
three Weeks fooner
1727. South WalL
very
This
fome the Black Currant Grape, which ripens full
'Tis a very great Bearer, and ripe September ao,
N. B. THE Tulp leing very fweety h often dejtroyd ly Wafps j
and the only Method topreferve them^ is to put them in Oily Bags
^hen nearly ripe.*
%
WTHE White Frontlnac (^^late XXXVII.) is a moft deliciousj fugar'd,
musky, juicy Grape when well ripen'd, which does not dways happen
with usJhowever we muft not therefore be without them : "Tis a very
great Bearer, and ripens, in a kind Sealbn, about the Middle of Septemler.
is a moft excellent Fruit5
its Juice is rather richer and fiiller of Musk than the preceding, with a
very rich Acidity : This, like other Grapes that are vulgarly called Black,
is a dark Indigo^ cover'd with a fine Violet Flew.
(
«
BESIDES thefe two Kinds of Frontitiac's, there is another, whofe
Fruits are a yellowifli White, ftrip'd with a Copper Colour, and there-
fore called the GrizeJ frontinac, which, when ripe, is equally as good
as either of the preceding : Thefe two laft ripen much about the fame
Time as the preceding, and are very good Bearers.
•
THE MufcatGrape is a little like the White Fronthtac^ but fmaller
Grap5and fiall of a fine delicious musky J
9 •
3very good Bearer
Ripe September 20. South Wall
THE St. 5^^/^rs Gr^/)^, is a fine large black Grap3
d with
Violet Flew Its Pulp IS a littlA with red, very firm, with
moft delicious rich J 3tis great Bearer : Ripe 05. i o. Weft Wall
THE
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•
.
ii6 O M O N Or
V
'S'.
_^^
/
7 I
The Hernutage Grapes is a moft del rich fugar'd Grap
the Skin is fomething tough, and a little bitter : The Grap
parent when ripe^ and Ipeck'd with brown next the Sun which
-, but
trant
alfoS
g'd with a faint Orange Colour : Ripe September 20. South Wall/
jiik^k
THE Claret Grap {Fig. II Tlate XLVII.) is ^ fmall but beau-
tiful Grape5 its Leaves turn red with the Fruit, and make a
beautiful Appearance : The Fruit when ripe is a deep Indigo, cover
with a fine Violet Flew, the Juice fomething acid and a pleafant Red
'tis a very great Bearer : Ripe September
d
>
L
THE Burgundy Grap
and very great Bearer 3 *tis
>{Fig. I "Plate XLI.) is a black Grap
\
>
the only Grap that ripens wxU in the open
Vineyard5 its Leaves have a very great Cottony Down on their
Parts
under
The Grapes are very clofe in the Bunch, and have a finerich
vinous Juice, but the Skin is a little tough
September 30.
Ripe
1
the open Vineyard
.4
^
THE Kaifin Grape, {"Plate XLIII and XLIVO is a moft beautiful
large white Grap ot a
kind enough to rfp
jie rwh Vlavour, and ITrm Pulp, when Sleafons
But even when Seafons are unkind, 'tis an
excellent Fruit for Baking, and therefore we fliould not be without
or two o
we have
them which fliould
be planted againft the very beft Afped
which*
r
h
THERE is another Kind of Raijin Grape,
pleafant Red, but it very feldom ripens in England,
>\vhen ripe, is a
*
*\. .
1
<^n/
•^"4
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f
The Fruit-Garde N lUufirated.m
"7
zyin Alphabetical TABLE of the preceding Qrapes,
exhihitin^ their Seafons of RipeninS-
n
V
Brick Grape
Burgundy
ccc
LARET * •
LUSTER
URRANT
I
Black
pRONTiNAc White
Ripe.
Aug. 24*
Sept,30*
Sept. 30.
Sept, 20.
Jug' 24.
-y
y
*:f
\
4
Frontinac Black
pRoi^fTiNAc Griztel
Hermitage
July GrapeMuscadine White -
Muscadine Black
Muscadine Royal
Muscat
Sept. 20.
Sept, 30
74
*^
20.
Sept.
i
20i
^IK^. 25,
iSe/)^ 20 \
I
Parsley
St. Peter's
Sweet Water White
Sweet Water Black
Raisin White^when k ripens
J
oa.
Jug.
Jug.
oa.
10.
10.
20.
i^
N. B. J FULL South Jfpe£i is the heji for all Kinds of Grapes.
^.-^ ^
-- -
W^
^
^*/"»
-K
\
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ii8t
M N Or7
\\
\
<.'
Of
H
G
XX.^>
T R
HE feveral Kinds of Figs that are worth our cultivating in
Enghn are the White, the Blue, and the Black.
FIGS in general produce double Crops every Year in their native
Soils and Climates 5 but in England we have no other Kind but theJ
Short WhiteFigy that produces and ripens two Crops every Year : The firft
Crop,rop, (Ftg. I. ^late LIl.) is ripe about July 1 o. and the [econ
F$g. IT. (which is always much leis than the firft) about September \ o.
•
THE Long Blue Pig {Fig. It ^late LIII.) is the next, which ripens
about the Beginning of Jugujty and at the fame Time the Ta^wney Fig,
{Fig. III.) is alfo ripe They both very good Fruits, but nothin
comparable to the Bhc^ Figy {Fig. I.) which i§ rige4tig^fi, %6.
THE firft Crop of Fig are alway
r
produced on the laft Year
Wood, and form'd at the fame Time when the Shoots
/
IN March they are vifible^ as a a a, &i;. Fig. II. Thte LIVJbut in
April they are grown much larger, as A, A, Fig. L Thte X. being entirely
delivered from their Womb withiii the Bark, and perfect in their Forms.
And we may here again behold liow carefully Nature attracfts Nourifli-
ment to the young Fruit, by timely expanding the Leaves beyond them9
which vigoroufly draw up Nourifiiment, whilft all the Buds below
entirely naked thereof.
^ i
WHAT/
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I
I
The Fad iT-G AkD Eit»
up
»
WHAT we call the fecond Crop of Figs, is adually the very firfl:
that are produced by the Shoot they grow on 5 and thofe which we call-
the firfl Crop, are laft produced.
'
f \^ _
THIS at hrft may appear to be a Paradox, but *tis slflually Matter
of F^6t, becaufe thofe Figs which ripen in Septembefy are always pro-
duced on the fame Year's Wood, and lieareft to the lafl Year's Shoots :
And as they are produced early in the Spring, when the Shoot is firft
rm'dj they are therefore at their Maturity much fooner than thofd
which ^re produc'd in the extreme Parts of the Shoots, when theirr
Growths are nearly at an End, an fcarcely vifible to the naked
Eye*
the white Kind, do frequently
frbm either Walls or Pails 5 but
THESfi firft produced Fig^^
tipen with us, even in the open Air
the other Kinds very rarely do : Thefe laft produced Fruits at the Ends
of the Shoots, if not kill'd by the fucceeding Winter,make the firft Advance
in the next Spring, and ripen very early 5 during which Time Naturd
brkr-f«<>du£in^piew Shootsipr new Productions 5^nd fo on during
the Life of the Tree.
t'T has been a Cuftom among Gardeners, to keep Fig-TTre
1
I'dJ
clofe to the Wall, as other Fruit-Trees 5 but it appears, by many Ex-
, xor Experience has provM, thatperiments made, th^ty •
ly wrong
thofe which are fuffer'd to grow about two Feet fi:om the Wall, are not
only the beft Fruits, but are produc'd in much greater Abundance.
THE beft Method of Ordering the Fig-Tree, is to nip off their leading
Suds of the Branches)
about' the Middle ofy
which will acce
ierate the Ripening of thofe Fruits which are commonly called the fecond
Crop, and caufe great Plenty of young Wood to flioot all the
T?
whereby the Whole becomes fruitful
always produced
Fig-Trees
y
becaufe the Fruits arc
aforefaid, from the laft Year's Shoots. But when>
full Lengths, after the old and common Meare nail'd in at
thod, their Fruits are always produced at" the extreme Parts of the Treesj
and all their middle Parts are full of large barren Wood only:
I
t
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/
?'
120 O M N Or,
-
\
W"
f
H XXL
Of R W R1 \
f r
HE feveral Kinds of Strawberries worth our Notice, are the
Scarletj^
the HauthoyJ and the Wood Strawherry
\
The Scarlet Strawherry {Fig. I. ^late LV.) is encreafed
own Runners
Its
3planted at fixteen or eighteen Inches apart, in Rows about
igether
twenty Inches or two Feet apart, and being always kept to fingle Roots
will produce their Fruits very early. Some plant them nearer
as about one Foot Square,
Inches between, and fuflfer them to run among one another5 but they do
not
Beds chrce Feet wide, with Alh'es of eight
ripen their Fruits fo early, nor are they near fo large : however it
eceffary that
wefliould
have fome after this Manner to fucceed the
others that are firft ripe from the fingle Roots : Ripe May 10 727
F
4 XX
THE Hauthoy Strawlerry (Ks;. III.) is a moft del as well
great Bearer, and delights in a very richlarge and beautiful Fruit ; 'tis a
holding Soil : It produces the bell Fruit when planted'^ and kept at the
fame Diftances as the fingle Roots of the ScarJet, and is encreafed byown Runners as the other aforefaid Ripe
J.1.
THE Ifood Strawherry (Fig. II.) nother good Fmit, andgreat Bearer, when planted in a frefh and rich Landwatered during the Seafon
3an
very
well
fhould both the other Kinds preceding
Bloflbming and Ripening5
Th Kind IS
kept
as indeed
creafed byRunners, as the others
5 but 'tis always found, that thofe which arc takenout of Woods and tranfplanted into Gardens prod much better and
rger
t
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' <
The Fru I T-G A RDE isr lUuJirated. 121
argcr Fruits, than thofe ^ncreafed from Runners taken from old Roots
in the Garden : They are generally planted at eight or nine Inches apart,
and let run among one another 5 but when they are kept to fingle Roots,
they are much larger, fooner ripe, and better tafted*
EVERY fourth Year we mould make new Plantations
Time their Strength and Vigour is exhaufted.
9or m that
iBOTy Scarlet and Wood Strawherrks may be raifed very early,
their Roots of two Years Growth are planted in fmall Pots, and put in
/ gentle Hot Beds in January^giving them moderate Waterings, with Water
\vhofe Crudity is before taken oiF by entle warming, and all the Air
that can be, fo as to keep out cold Winds and Frofts.
I
\
\
.f
/ ,.ji
I
I i
/'
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122 O M N OrI
>K
y
^
M
F
H
Of
XXIIY
of the Turpi
Excrefcenccs.
have but three Kinds of Rasberries in England^ n^iz. The
White, the Red, and the Tmple : The Wood of the White
and Red is of a bright Colour, and almoft fmooth 5 but that
dark Brown, and very thick fct with fmall pricklyS a
THEY are all propagated by Suckers, which fpontaneoufly fpring upjfl
1 the Summer, and are planted in the Autumn following ; They
era] dehght in clean frefh Land, being planted in Rows about eighteen
Inches apart, an each Row Feet afundcr.. Some Gardeners, for
want of knowing the Nature of the Fruit, let them run very thick together
as when they are kept to finglehe Rows, which fo well
Roots
WHEN we prune the Roots of Rasberries at the Time of
Planting,' we fliould carefully preferve their young Buds, which fhoot *
out dly even with the Surface of the Ground r it is from thofe
Buds that the next Branches are produc'd, and when they are broken
off before planting, they never live longer than the firft Summer after
planting : For as foon Branches of all the feveral Kinds have
produced their Fruits, they immediately perifii.
BUT that we may not by thefe annual Decays, be wholly deftitutc
of Wood for further Supplies, Nature does therefore produce young vi-
gorous Shoots, whilft thofe of the laft Year are bringing their Fruits to^
\
Maturity
I
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\
The Fr u I T-G A R D E K lUuflrated.
Maturity 3 which Shoots fliould, in the End of Augtip following, be
pruned, or cut off, about one Foot from their extreme PdrtS.
123
I -
N. B. THE dead Wood is eqfieji broken out in Frdfty Weather.
KEEb not give my felf the Trouble of informing the Gardener
that he fhould dig among his Rasberries very early in the Winter^ slny
more to keep them perfed:ly clean in the Summer rem Weeds>
Suckers, &c. fince every one who takes Pleafure in his Bufinefs can beft
fee when thofe Works are moft proper to be done.
THE Scarlet Rasherry (Fig. V* Tlate LVI.) is the moft common>
and firft ripe ^une I9 1727 >
tis a very fragrant pleafant Fruityand a
great Bearer. The White Rasherry mixd with the Red^ makes a beau-
tiful Appearance at the Table, and therefore we muft not fail of having
fome df them for that Purpofe, notwithftanding that they are not in fuch
great Efteem as the Scarlet,
THE VurpJe Raslerry hath a pleafatit Acidity in its Tafte, and is
Tomething later in Ripening than either of the other two^ for which
ReafoirtisA'.
/
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t
I
124 O M O N Or7
i-
^
iI. '
V
H XXIII.
< J
Of Goofeberries and Currants, or Corinths,
from QonntbA-SL 'whence they firfi came.
cailed
*
have feveral Kinds of Goofeberries in England which are
very good, buc the moft valuable are the Old Red^ {Fig. I.w
almoft loft in EnglandPlate LVI.) the firft ripe3 y
the Champainey Fig. 11. the White fDutch^ Fig. III. the Jmhr Goofe
hrryy Fig. IV. the Walnut Goofeherry^ the Rumhulion and the 2)amfe',
Berry 5 which are in general produc'd by Slips or Suckers taken from th
Roots of old Trees at th F apart an Rows, an
is toour Feet afunder. The bcfi: Method of Ordering Goofeberries,
keep them open in the Middle, like Dwarf Fruit-Trees, with the cX
treme Parts of their Shoots clipped every Year, and the old Wood con
ftantly cut away, as young confies up to fucceed. ^
THEGoofeberrie
good Fruits
Red White fDutch CurrantsJ
are propagated as
>and fliould be ordered in the fame Manner, to have
But think that if we were to fome few of the
White Dutch againft a South, or South-Eaft WM, they would be much
improved thereby. And when we defire to have either Red or White
very late in the Seafon, we fiiould plant fome Part of our North-Walls
with them?which
}
tiful large Bunches of pleafant Fruits
being kept thin in Wood, will produce very beau
%
H
«
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r\
I
4
> .>
The Fruit-Garden lUuftrated. Io
Ht
0/ the Black M tr
XXIV
4
n
I
r
t
/
'
HE Bhcl Mulberry, {Fig, IV. ^/^^^ LVH.) being the only
Mulberry tliac we propagate in England^ for the Sake o
the Fruits 3 I fiiz^U therefore lilently pafs over all e otnct
Kinds^fince they are more fuitable to the Taftes of fome Botanifts^ who
delight in Varieties of many ufelefs and unprofitable Plants, than to curious
Propagaters of advantageous Fruits.
by Lay >which fhould be laid down in OCiober at eaft
Mulberry
eighteer
Inches apart, that a free Air may be continually circulating about them
and there remain upon the Stools full two Years after, before they ar
taken away, that thereby they may be well rooted.
>
whe we come
take them up for tranfplanting into the Nurfery
r .
1
THE Diftances that they are planted at in the Nurfery, fhould not
be nearer than two Feet and a half, or three Feet, and not nine Inches
or a Foot as is ufually done, whereby they have not half enough Air to
erfpire iin^and confequently are greatly injur'd thereby.
THE Leaves of the Mulberry being very large
the
heavy, caufeh
leading Shoots to bow downwards, and thereby grow crooked
Therefore to prevent fuch deform Growths, we fhould ftraic
Stakes>
Arbour Pol e Side of every Plant, and thereto tie
their leading Shoots as they arife
1
V
WE
'
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/
* ' - r T
126 M N A : OrJ
*J ' 'V ^ .* * "*^
\
\
Y' *
WE fliould alfo difplace all the lateral Buds as they appear, that the
whole Nourfniment may be fully employ'd in the Support of the Stems
only.
, t
pruneHEN our Plants are rifen to five or fix Feet high^ We muft
off their leading Shoots, to caufe their upper lateral Buds to break out
into divers Branches^ with which their Heads are form'd.
I^
<••
- ,
THERE is a Kind of Black Mulheny^ which produces great Quan-
tities of KatJcins in May, (as Fig, VHI. "Plate LVHI, LIX.) and very
when diicover'd, ffiould be either budded or graftedw Fruits which
with the true bearing Kind {
I
IF we obferve how thefe Fruits are produced, we may fee what a
wonderful Provifion Nature has made for their Support and Protedion,
by placing of Leaves imme
attradt and imbibe Nourifliment from Dews, Rains, &c. and perfpire
away the Crudities thereof, tut protedt them during their Growth from
the InjunesnoF Hcatrand Cotd.
over the Fruits, which do not only
'fT
THOSE Fruits which are produced tfiis Year, were formed in the
Buds in the laft Year 5 for if in the DeptR of Winter we flit the Bud
of a Mulberry from its Apex down its Axis to the Bafe, we may with
the naked Eye difcover the young Fruit in its Matrix, carefully wrapt
up in its tender Leaves, which, with great Force, expand themfelves with
the Fruits when they firft appear in May^ as Fig.YSf. ^late LIX.
H
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•* A .
The Fru IT-G ARD E N«<
lUufirated. 127« ^»
**.
r
f
-'Vv
\
^ '^^ *
' -
kyj •
XXV.
0/Philbbrts,/
WALNt7T5,^;/i Barberries.
^ <
^'
have two Kinds of Philberts, i?/i2s. the Red and the /fZ'//^,
which laft is the moft efteem'd fey the Curious : They are
, arid make very hand-ropagated by Suckers or Layers
fome Hedges in our Kitchen and !Fruit-Gardens.
% V.
^Jate
Coh'Nut, {Fig. Ill:
ndfoihe Standard-Tree : The Nut
is very fwcet^ and a good
Bearer.
THE Hazel Nut, {Fig. 11.) is a pleafant Fruit when well ripen>
and tho' it is not worth our while to make Plantations thereof
Fruit-Gardens, yet in the Quarters of our Wildernefs they are veryr
beautiful and advantageous.
'-.',
-
WALNUTS are very profitable in their Nuts, as well as thei
Timber, when largely grown. We have a very great Variety of Kinds
There is one very large Sort, {Fig. Ill, V. "Plate LVIH, LIX.) called th
French Walnut, beft for Pickling, becaufe when Seafons are very wet
and cold, 'tis very fcldom they ripen with us.
THE Englip Walnuts differ very much in their Qual5
bein very fmall, (asi%. XL) and thin fliell'd 5 others of the
Magnitude and very thick flieird Then there's other Kinds
fome
fame
the
Magnitude
i
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*>t
1*
\
.• .V
.
128 M N A: Or>
^.
Magnitude of Fig, IX, X. feme of which are good, and others worth
nothing. And as they are all rais'd from Nuts_, which>
like many-
other Seeds, often degenerate from the Mother-Tree, we cannot be
certain of our Kinds, unlefs we are fo Curious as to Bud our Trees
when largely grown, with Kinds that we know are good.
1
BARBERRIES are propagated by Suckers or Layers eTher
the other without Stones, but the
Form of their Leavesand Fruits are alike, as reprefented in Fig. VL
are two Kinds the one with Stones}
Tlate LXXIII. That Sort without Stones is
Ufe:
moft valuable for
^ V
» '
:It makes a very handfome Hedge in the Fruit or Kitchen-Garden;
and very good Fence agafnft Cattle, ^c.
7
k
i
' #
.4\
\
-a
< *
_>
^ A P.i
V
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»V »
i
The Fruit-Gard en Itlufirated. 120
i
\
\
xxvtr
Of and U
EAR-TREES differ very much in their Time and Manner
of producing Fruits : Some Kinds produce their Fruits on the
extreme Part of the fame Year's Wood, as Mr. Hilh's double
t others at the Ex-earing Pear of Tedington, (Fig. IV. 'Plate LXIII)
tremity of the Branches alfo, but upon the laft Year's Wood
laftly.
?an
others upon Branches of three Years old, and fometimes longer,
according to the more or Ic^s Luxuilancy of the Tree : But for the Ge '
nerality moft of our befl: Kinds of upon Branches
of three Years Growth, which^ if skilfully ordered, continue fertile many
Years alterwards. Now fince that the annual Shoots of fuch Kinds o
Pears are in the fecond Year preparing themfelves to produce Fruits in the
third Year i therefore all fuch Kinds fiiould be well furnifh'd with thofe
having a fufficient Quantity thereo
>
feveral Sorts of Wood, that> y
we may be always furnifh'd with fruitful Branches to fucceed thofe
that become barren by Time
THIS is
r
exhibited in 9late LX. where Fig IS Reprelc
tation
or Spi
Year.
of the lafl Year's Shoot of the VkgouJee Pear, with its Courfo>
)P M O N, from whence the Fruits are produc in the "third
STVto the Courfom i
Leaf-Buds, which are placed to attrad: Nourifhmer
and perfpire away the Crudities thereof
o
4
s
THOSE Courfins P M O N muft be fliorten'd at the next Seafon
fiet they are produc'd, (as E F G, Fig. H-j which will, in
Pruning a
the fecond Year, caufe them to produce many Buds}
as € fh, that in
I
one
j*
*
'
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a
r i
130 M N •r
V.Or3
one Year after, are very much dilated, and prepared for producing
: And being arrived unto this fruitful Stateflbms in the third Year
(as Fig. Ill) they immediately expand themfelves into Bloflbms and
Leaves, (as FigA, 11, IIL IV, V. "Plate IL IIL)
r
AND again, after the third Year, when their Courfo
become fruitful, Nature does every Year produce new Buds to fucceed
thofe which are bearing Fruits : For whilll: the
\
Pear was coining to its
* Maturity at X, Fig. III. the Buds / / were preparingthemfelves to prod
BlofToms in the following Spring, and at the fame Time Naturep
duced the Bud P to fucceed thofe at / /
the Tree
yan on during e Life of
i
IT very often appens that
luxuriant Shoots, which being prun'd in
of the Branch from whence it
Branches of Pear-Trees produ
une within an Inch and half
run wi mAutumn Shoot, with fome Buds difpofed for Fruit alio
Autumn prod an
which fhootin
afterwards
with great Luxuriancy, was
produced the -Autumn Shoot Mrun
Thus K, Fig. Ill
Kin?une and
Buds
ywith the two bearing
But at the following pruning Seafon thofe Autumn Shoots
muft be entirely diiplaccdIt
« ^
« :
t *
..
r
'
.
WHEN the Luxuriancy of Pear-Trees is fo very great as not
check'd with Pruning, we muft' either difplace one or more of
-X .}
be
eir
Roots, (and particularly thofe that grow downright, if any be) or
disbark in part the lower Parts of fuch luxuriant Branches which will
prevent the Sap from rifing in to;o great a Quantity3 for tis the too
» *
great Quantity of NourifTiment that is the Caufe of Luxuriancy
WHEN we prune, the Branches of Summer Pears^ we fliould obferve
the Nature of their Buds, for (as it has been before faid) many Kinds
produce their Fruits at the Extremity of their laft Year's Shoots, which
muft be always naiFd in at full Length, or otherwife perhaps the Trees
may not produce one fingle PearJn twenty Years Time. JT
ALL Summer and Autumn Pears will ripen very well upon Dwarfsand Efpaliers
; but pur Winter Fruits Ihould have the very beft Walls and
Afpeds we can afford themI
4 THE
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T
The Fru I t-Ga DEN lUuJirated, i5f
THE feveral Kinds%
Pea exhibited in TIates LXf LXXII iriclufive
e
general of the very beft Kinds, as well for Stewitig, Baking, &c. as for
Table : And as I hav here uly prefented the exad For an Mag
o
des of their Leaves and Fruits in their natural Colours, and as their Seafons
e 5 there needs no
fer you to them
Ripening and Keeping are exhibited in the following Tablmore to be faid of their feveral Defcrip therefo
feverally, as they are delineated in the following Pi
re
,
^n Alphabetical TABLE the bell Kinds of Pears /^tn
England, exhihiting their Seafons of Gathering, Ripening1
and Duration4
Ambret Fig. IV.
- Illt. Andrew -r
Bordine Musk
Blanquet 'Petit
~^f2iderry
Buree de Roy
Buree Bro'Wn
Buree Winterr
Bergamot Winter
m
in.
VI.
II.
I
Bergamot Common
.
»
Bergamot Bugy V.^ A
2)itto Swi/i.
©/«o Hamdens
VIII-
III.
f*
Bon-cretien Sum. II.
X ^
S)itto Autumn,^itto Golden
,
V
SDitto Winter -
Tiitto Spanifi •
Catherine Kwal
VI
III.
II.
V.
Catherine ^een V-
X
When to he
gathered.Eatable, Duration.
Vi^Hept,
Sept.
June
Aug,
Felruaryrr
N^ of Plate
where ench
is exhibit, d,
Lxvr.
LXXIL4
une
When
Duration LXl.
fmall Duration LXI.» r -
Sept,
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Whe
ather
ather
ruary
Lxvr.
Endof (9^(?J.|LXIV.
the End of O^^^JlXIV.
LXX.
Lxvir.r
/
Aug.after
About one Month ")
after gathering . -LXV.
Sept.'^^
** t
Sept.
Aug*
Two
Two
Lxvr.
three WeekslLXlIL
three Weeks LXV.
Aug.
Aug.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
July
July
A Day or
after gathr.
Soon aft' gathr.jAbout
Sovemher
January
Three Weeks or a Mon. LXV.
Weeks
the End o
LXIV.
LXVHI.
LXVIIL
Lxviir.
Soon aft' gathr.
Soon aft' gathr.
fmall Duration LXILi
fmall Duration LXL
Crafan
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# •
»32 QM N Or,'•>
• »\
Craf<an i^%. IV
Chafletie
Colmar III
Cuifle Madam III.
Double Bloflbm JI.
Doyenne
Epine d'Hyver
Green Chizel
St. Germain -
Mr.Hi/AifiCrop
Second
Jargonel
Lombard Pear
Laniac
Martin Sec.r
Meffirc John
Marquifs
VII.
VI.
. II.
i . ,
St. Michael
Ruffelec Vetit
Ruffelet Grofs
Royal d'Hyver
Rofe d'Ete -
Sugart Vert
Swans Egg -
SalViati
Sattin Pear
Vermillion
Virgoule
Verc Longuc
2)/«o, Strip'd
Windfor -
IV.
IV.
V.
IV.
III.
II.
IV.
IV.
VI.
IV
K
VI
IVhen to he
gather d. Eatahle. Duration.#
ft
N° of Plaie
where each
is exhiifiteX
Sept, 2 o, Middle of 0£t.
(About one Month)
after bein eatableLXV.
> '
Sept. 2o, VNovember — [Until Janmry LXX.
Sept. 3 o,I
^ecemier
A Day or
Until the End of Jan] LXVH.
lOJ
o
ather
T)ecemher
Three Weeks LXL
Sept.
Sept. 3 o, INovember
Sept. 20, IjDecemher
20
Sept. 20
Until Jpril
January
Januaryf
When gathered But very fiiort
November — IJanuary
Aug. 24, 1When gather'd I But very fliort
Sept. oJWhen gather'd About a Fortnight
u loj
Whengather'd About a Fortnight
LXXIL
LXIII.
LXV1 1.
LXII.
LXVI.
Lxiir.
LXIII.
LXI.
When gather'd|
About a Fortnight — LXIV.
January, February LXVH-ovemberept. 30,
Sept. loADecemier
Sept. 3 Oy jSoon aft'gathr
Sept. 3 Oj November
Aug.J
The Day
'tis ripe
February^ March
About one Month
January
LXXII.
LXIV.
LXVIIL
w
Two Days at moft LXXIL
Aug. 24, When gatherd About ten Days
Aug. 24, When gather'd About three Weeks
20
Decemberept.
July \7
Sept.
Sept.
Sept. 2 o,I
Ditto
LXIV.
LXV.
January^ February I LXVU.
LXL "
LXIII.
LXIV.
LXIV.-
/
When gather'd About three Weeks
When gather'd
Soon aft' gathr.
Three Weeks or a Mon
Sept. 30
July \7
Sept. ao
)
I
Ditto
Ditto'
Nov. Dec.
15 or 20 Days
November^ December |LXVL
About a Fortnight LttL
Sept. 1 o, Soon aft* gathr
W^
End of January
i\--r
LXVIIm <
ThreeWeeks or^Mon. LXIIL^
July I o,Soon after
gather'd
'
.
i
J k
About three Weeksi
LXI.
•%
THEf
f
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1'
t
\
The Fru it-Garden lUufirated. 133
The beji 'Pears for Bakingj Stewing, &c. are.
The Black "Pear of Worcefier, Fig. II. "Plate LXXI.
C^ii/^f, Ftg. lY- ?/^f^ LXII.
T>onvik, Ronvik, Fig. IV, VI. 'Plate LXX
;
«' Tear-Levsh, Fig. III. y/^?^ LXX.
'^Pickering's Warden, and ?o»»i y^^r, y/^fe LIXI.
'*-
EngUp Warden, 'Plate LUll vind St.Francis^Fig.Y-'PlateUn.
QUINCES are bell when grafted upon their own Stocks.
THE bellKind is the Portugal Pear ^tncey(Fig Plate UXIII.)
next to which is the Portugal Apple ^ince^ {Fig. 11.) 5 and laftly, the
very worfl of all is the Engli/h ^ince, {Fig. HI.)^
•r
r
. XXVll
.
i
X
LL
Of i
PPLES are in general produc'd on Wood of two Yearsgrowth
and require as iiiuch Air about their Branches perfp>
y other Kind of Tree j therefore if they are but allow'd
fufficienc Air; and their Pofitions nearly hotythey require no furtl
Care. M m THE
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#
\
134- O M N;&C.
THE beft Kinds worth our Notice, for the Table and Kitchen, are the
foliowing>ViZ.
*
IV.
Plate.
LXXV. Kitchen AppleApi* _
^BosTAppLEfr'jHiiw. VL LXXVU. Kentish Pippin
Eg. Plate.
Codling
^ corpendue
^ Calvile Acoute
^ Calvile Red^ Calvile Royal
^ French Pippin
French Rennet
^ Fenellet '
* Francatu
* Golden Rennet
III.
II.
VI.
III.
LXXIX.
LXXIX.XXIV- Kentish Rennet
LXXV. |LiSTNiNG,orJuL7Ap. V. LXXIV.
. LXXIV.
III.
VI.
VI.
III.
LXXVni. Margaret Apple
LXXV. "^ Monstrous Ren. III. LXXVUILXXV. y^ Maucoan
LXXVI. p^ NoN-PAREIL
ISKXMI.I
Pear Russet Apple
LXXV. ^ Pearmain Loans
V.
IV.
V.
II.
LXXV.
LXXIX.
LXXVII.
LXXVI.
V.
VI.
LXXVI. Pickering's Pearm. VII. LXXVU.
LXXIV. Pome-Roy
^* Golden Pippin VII. LXXIV. Russeting
II. LXXIX.
^ Holland Pippin
^ Jerusalem AppleL
juniting
^ June Apple
KiRTON Pippin
IV.
II.
VI.
IV.
LXXIX. Russet Golden Tip:
LXXVI. Russet Wheelers
LXXIV. Stone Pippin
LXXVIII. Spencer Pippin
LXXIV. - 1 Winter. Pearmain
LXXIX.
IV.
V.
IV.
LXXVII.
LxxvinLXXVIII
\
•
N. B. THOSE Fruits marked thus ^ are very hauttful when Grafted
. upon Tarad'tfe Stocks^ andplanted in ^ots^ Borders^ &c.
THE Characters of the feveral Cyder^Fruits o( Herefordjhire^ and many
other Countries famous for that Liquor, being in general much inferior
to four Kinds fent me from ^ynes near Exet
Honourable Hugh Stafford, the Stire Apple ex
m
pted
2)evonJl:
, which
the
have not
yet feen 3 I ftiall therefore omit their Defcriptions, and in lieu^thereof give
the following Account of thofe Fruits, as I received it from that worthy
Gentleman.4
4
\ wt» i 1'
-
,.:.(
i
H
Curious
\
•
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l
Curious
Of the moft ValuabJe
/) E/^0 N HIRE.
«
7
INCE you have fcen the Royal Wilding Apple itfelf.
(y/^r^ LXXVn.) which is fo very much celebrated
(and fo very defervedly) County, the Hiftory
of bein firft taken Notice of, which is frefh
every Body's Memory, may not perhaps be unac-
ceptable to you The n and only Tree om
which the Apple was firft propagated, is a very tall, fair, and ftout one,
I believe about twenty Feet high : It ftands in a very little Quillet (as
adeth frome call it) of Gardening, adjoining to the Road. that
Exeter to Oakhampton^ (the Poft Way) in the Parifli of St. Thomas^ but
near the Borders of another Parifli called Whttjione : A Walk of a Mile
from Exeter will furnifii any one, who hath fuch a Curiofity, with a
Sight of it.^
IT-^
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I
-•
t
136
I
M O N A : Or,
IT appears to be properly a Wildings that is, a Tree rais'd from the
Kernel of fome other Apple, without having been ever Grafted^ and
(what feems well worthy being obferv'd) hath, in all probability, flood
there much more than feventy Years 5 for two antient Perfbns of the
"\
\ •.
Ceighbouring Parifli of Whitjlone^ who died each of thtm feveral Tern
fince, aged upward of the Number of Years now mentioned, declared,
That when they were Boys, and firft went the Road, it was not only
growing there at that time, but,what
is
very well worth Notice, wasthen as tall and flout as it now appears, (and we may rcafonably fuppofe
that was when they were each about 1 2 or1 3 Years of Age) 5 nor d
there appear at this time any Marks of 2)ecay upon it, as far as I took
notice,:f
f**- ?=r*
\
IT is a very conjlant and plentiful BcsiKr every other Year, and then
ufually produceth Apples enow to make one of our Hogflieads of
Cyder, which contains
64Wine Ga.I,lons
5
and this
was one Occafionof its being fi.xft taken Notice ofj and yields an Hiftory which I believe
other Tree ever did : For the little Cot Houfe to which it belonPS,
together with the littk Quillet (as aforefaid) in which it flands, bein
v
feveral Years fincc moirfg/jge3 for ccir~Pdnhv3s, the Viuk of this Tree
alone, in a Courfe of ibme Years, freed the Houfe and Garden and its
more valuable Self from that Burden which is wont to involve all other
Eftates in one common Ruin.
\
Mr.FRANCIS OLIVER (a Gentleman of the Neighbourhood and^"^y
I miftake not, the Gentleman who had the Mortgage juft now mentipn d) was one of the firft Perfons about Exeter that affeded the RoughCyder, and for that Reafon purchafcd the Fruit of.this Tree every bearing
Year: However, I cannot learn that he ever made kfeparatemd apart,
but wixd it with other Apples, which notwithflanding added an Jd*-mntage to his Cyder, with all thole who had any true Relifli for that
Liq
*
WHETHER it was thk or 2.ay other Uotws, I cdnnot particularly
fay, that brought qn the more happy Experiment on this Apple. Butthe Reverend Mr. Robert Woolcomle, (Redor of Whitjioney the Parifh
before mention'd) who ufed to amufe himfelf with a Nmfery, put on
fomei
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• .
The Fruit-Garden lUuftrated. »37'
and a few Years after being out in hisome Heads of this WtUlng5
JSIiirfery^ about March^ a Perfon came there to him on fome Bufinefs,
an4 finding fomething roll under his Foot, took it up, and it proved an
jlpph of iMxs precious Frmt, which IVIr. Woolcomhe receiving rrom nim^
finding it perfectly yo«»J, after it had lain in the long Grafs and Srro)le
the Nurfcry, thro* all the Rahty Fvop^ and Sno'w of the foregoin
Winter>
thought it muft be a Fruit of more
And having tafted it, and found the Juices^ not only in a mod
than common Value :
fea:r
Somidnefs and ^kknefs^ but fuch likewife as fecm*d to promife both
the BodyJRoughnefs, and Flavour that wife Cyder-Drinkers in ^efvon
now begin to defire 3 he obferved the Graft from which k had fellen,
and fearching about found /bme more of the Apples, and all of the
upon whichame Soimdnefs5
raft fome Numbers of them
withouc any Hefitacion^ he refolv'd to
>which he accordingly did, but waiited
with Impatience for the Experiment, which you know mu be the
Courfie o fome Years : They came at length, and. miftake not>
his firft Reward was a fmall Barrel of the Juice 5 but his much greater
was the Excellency of it, which fat exceeded all his Expedatioiis,
M
Mr. WOOLCOMBF was nor a little rleafed wlrh it, and talked
f "it is 5 it_cr mu/emsMi^^ fifft, but when Time
produced anHogfhead of it, from Raillery it came to Serionfnefs, and
every one from Laughter fell to Admiration. In the mean time he had
thought of a iJame for his Britifi Wine^ and as it appear to be in the
original Tree a Fruit not Grafted, he retained the Name of Wilding
and as he thought it fuperior to all others, fo he gave a Title of Sove
>
to Itraignty
^late LXXVII.
and hence the triumphant Royal JVilding, Fig. I.
was ab 6 Years fince : The GenTHIS, if I rightly remember,
tlemen of our County are now bufy almoft every where in promoting
it and fome of the wifer Farmers and Juftment-Holder but we have
yet (for Time you know muft do that) enough for Sale : I have
tho' the
known five Guineas refiifed for one of our Hogfteads of
common Cyder goeth for Twenty Shillings,
Twenty-five to Thirty.
>
and the South-Ham from
N flMUST
"lA
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128 M O N Or7
MUST add, that Mr. WooJcombe hath referved fome of them for
Hoard 5 I have tafted the Tarts of them, and they come nearer to ther
^ince than any other Tart I ever eat of.
F
WHERE-EVER it hath been tried as yet, the Juices are erfealy
good^ (but letter in fome Soils than others) and when the Gentlemen of
South'Ham will condefcend to give them a Place in their Orchards,
they will undoubtedly exceed us in this Liquor, becaufe we muft yield
to them in the Apple Soil : But it is happy for us that at prefent they
are fo wrapt up in their own Sufficiency^ that they do not entertain any
Thoughts of fetching Apples firom us 5 and when they fliall, it muft be
another twenty Years before they can do any thing to Purpofe, the'
fome of their more thinking Gentlemen I am told begin to get fome of_
m f
them tranfported thither, (by Night you may fuppofe, partly for Shame,
and partly for Fear of being mobbed by their Neighbours) and will, I am
well aflfured, much rejoice in the Produdion.
J
AM perfonally acquainted with Mr. WooJcomhy and if I may be
(zs it is here re
lated) I can promife you I Tiavc the Suhjlance fiom his own Mouth, and
am perfedly offefled with a Perfualion of the Excellency of the
Cyder, that I doubt not in the Courfe of twenty Years more, when%
Gentlemen fhall have furnifh'd themfelves with the Fruit, and the Far-
tners fliall have fallen in with it alfo, this County will be rendered abun-" -
dantly happy in it 5 and therefore I could really wifli, that whenever the
,
tho I affure my felf the Fruitt c'Der fliallriginal Tree decaycth,
will never be out of Ufe) his Statue (carved out of the^Stump, but by
,
and overlaid with Gold) may be ereded nearthe
he Hand
publick Road in the Place of it, at the comnion Charge of the County
of Se'Don.
V
^x
WHAT other Fruits there may be in Nature^ neither you nor
fay, becaufe you well know whenever we fow the Kernels of any Appl
we have always Varieties of new and unknown Apples produced
can
7
but
I will affirm I never taftedy Cyder equal y (not all the
genuine ffer^/ar^ I ever drank) thatof thWbitfom {FigMl^PlateLXXVll)
on
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The Frui t-G ar DEN lUuJirated.
only excepted, (of which hereafter) and as yet the Controverfy
betwixt That and the Royal Wilding continues undctermin'd
139
THE Colour of the Royal Wtld'mg^ without any Affiftance of Jrt
in any Kind bright Tellowifi rather than a Redifh Beertjh Tind
The other Quahties are a JSlobk Body, an Excellent Bitter, a Tielicaie
(excufe the Expreffion) Roughnefs^ and a fine Vmous Flavour : All the
other Qualities you may meet with in fome of the bell of our South'
Ham Cyd but the laft is pecul to e Royal Wilding an
Whitfour only, and you will in vain look for it in any oth
BEFORE I yet leave Royal Wildings I muft furth let you
know, that it is fometimes called (tho' no lc(s injurioujly than unaccuvately)
the Red'Hill'Crahy from the Name of that Part of the Highway near
which the original Tree ftand J which called Red-Hill
THIS Name is injurious, becaufe Crah (as yet) is ufed among us iii
a Senfe of 2)iminutiony at leaft, if not of Reproach 5 or was it not fo,
it is plain there is nothing in that Name which fuggefts the fuperlative
Excellency of the riuit ^ whereas the Title of 'Rnynl tF^/i/^x carrieth ^f^
Its
hath to all other Cyder-Fruit yet difcoverU
it dcfervedly
AND this other Name, as I faid, is alfo maccurate, becaufe I rathet
which, however, fince you haveor an Jpple than a Crah (of
them bef( you>your felf may judge) For muft further you
know, that tho' we frequently take the Word Jppk for the whole Kind
(as we call the whole Kind Horfes, including as well Mares as Horfes^
y
more ftridtly fpeaking) yet when we Ipeak more exaRly, we underftand
e Word Apph in Oppofitxon and ConiraiiBion to the Cral, which moft
commonly is a very fmallj harjh, yellow Fruit, and ordinarily groweth
in our Hedge-Rows, tho' they make very large and very lafting Trees^
however, I have feen one Sort of this <very fmall barjh Fruit finely ftreak'd
with red Outfide 5 and in my Neighbourhood there is one Tree o
another Kind of them, which is red both Infide and Outfid
the only one of the Kind I ever &w or heard o£
fand It IS
WHILST
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140
/
O M N Or7
WHIST I have thus had occafion to mention the Crah^ it may
not be.improp rm you that the Excellence of em
was commonly know
for Cyd
n within thefe late Years
They were formerly fufFer'd to fall and he eaten hy the Hogs, when they
would eat them, (which was not always^ becaufe of their Harfhnefs) or
elfe to rot upon the Ground : But they are now fo well underftood, that
they fell at a much greater Value than the common Apples, andwe begin
propagate them by Grafting in our Orchards, tho'^ in my Opthey do much better as an Ingrediejjt
y
Cydywhen mix'd with other
Fruit, than when pounded by themfehes. The firft Difcovery of their
Ufefulnefs was the pounding of fome of them for Vinegary which. when
tailedJproved much better Cyder than any of the common Cyder of
Country
•
HOWEVER,there is
a much fmaller Sort of Crab with us, notlarger than the Top of Thum
y
but growing only in Bujhes) which we never put
them only to make Vinegar.
(and I think never making a Jv7
Cyder, but ufe^
YOUwiy
It may beythink k improper if I take Notice to you
this Place, that Cyder made all of any Sort of Wildings^ (that IS
firft faid of Apples propagated from Kernels, and
of
Jas
grafted upon
with any Sort of Fruity tho' youmay graft them on what Stocks
pleafe)
youfound to be excellently good, and much preferable to that
made with our common Appl There is a Gentleman in the Neigh
whichourhood of Exeter^ who hath now large Plantations of them
furniOi him with admirable Liquor 5 but the beft of it wants the delicate
d moft dijlinguijlo d Flavour of
did I meet
the Royal Wilding and Whitfour-y nor
any Wilding, (nor indeed in any other Apple) ex
cept in one Sort of Wilding of my om, of which I jflhall fay fomething
by^and-by.^ *
r
HAVE only to add concerning the Royal Wilding, that with
thefe twelve or fourteen Years
Grafts have been propagated
and.
believe
This
if I miftakey
were fent for from rorkjh
heard about two Years fince,
more than 200,000 of the
l>}eighloimng Counties3
3d what would you fay if they
fome of them
ould
be
^
r
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The Fruit-Garden lUnfirated. I4.£
be tranfplanted to the Rhhiey wliich how IS not aItog tm
d f(Yohabk as you are apt to innagine 5 for a Gentleman who carrii
of the Whitfour with him into Germanyy (and^ as I have before faid>
fay which of the two exceeds) aflured me, that when he had
much celebrated the Glories of his Cyder, a German, whofe Expecla
of this extraordinary Liquor were much raifed when he had tafted
it, cried out. He found nothhig in it^ for It ^as only like their Rhenifh.
AND thus much for the RoyaJ Wilding am now let you
know as much as
Whitefo}
fpell
my felf do of its only Rival the Whitfo>
It as you pleafe) of which, however^ you will find
have much lefs to lay^ than on the other beloved Siibjed^ becaufe I am
at fome Diflance from that Part of our County which chiefly produceth
it, and becaufe it ftemeth to be in a great meafure co-incident with many
of the Things I have before told you of the Royal Wilding,t
THIS is fmall yellow Apple, which fall very ioo Thtnxjo or (as others fay) three Sorts of them_, but the beft is w
call the Tancrafs Whitfour^ (tho* why fo called I cannot tell you) :
is the fmalleft 3 there were fome of them in my Neighbourhood a g
they
many Years iince, 4inJLJL4trio\i2
ome other Part of
XKT
County3
might have been dif
they are the genume
Produce of that Part of the County called the South-Ham, (bounded by
the Rivers Teing and Dart^ and are not yet common in the other Parts
of our County, tho' we now begin to promote them as faft as we think
we have got Royal Wildings enow^*
A S far as 1 c^n learn they have been Ion in the South-Ham, but
until within thefe eight or ten Years in fo bad Reputation, that the
Cyder of them fold for one halfSie Value lefs than the other Cyder, as
a Gentleman of that Country (very well acquainted with the Cyder-
Knowledge of thofe Parts) told me.
THE ^alities of the Juices are precifely the fame with thofe of the
Royal Wilding5and very near one to the other^ that, as have
before often fuggefted, they are perfed Rivals,
hich
and created fuch a
was an Ear-Witnefs.Conteft, as is very uncommon, and of w ^A Gentleman of the South-Ham whofe Whitfour Cyders, for the Year
O o
9
w^ere
#«
V,
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f
14.2 O M O N Or,
were very celebrated, (for our Cyder Vintages, like thofe of the
Clarets and TortSy are very different in different Tears) and had been*
andrank of by another Gentleman, who was a happy Pofleffoi
conteftcd Lord, facile 'Princeps^ of the Royal Wi/dingy met at theHoufe
of the latter Gentl
\
eman, a Year or two after the fam'd Royal Wildi
you may be fure was produced, as the beft Return for the Whitfour that
had been taflied at the other Gentleman's : And what was
Each Gentlem did
e Conteft ?
not contend
Cyder
>as IS ufual that his was e
>but fuch was the jEquilihium of the J
Beji
'} fuch the Ge
nerofity of their Breafts, (for finer Gentlemen we have not in our County)
that each affirmed his own was the worft 5 the Gentleman of the South'-
Ham declared in Favour of the Royal Wilding, and the Gentleman of
Parts declared for the Whitfour, In the mean time, the Company
(which was publick and very numerous) could not d-ecide the Contro
/
ybecaufe (being Gentlemen of the ftrideft Juftice) e
was not then prefent to fpeai, fc
of the
itfelf
Whitfo
But thofe who had tailed each
mas far as
they could judge from the Reprefentations of their
Memories, remained under a perfed Indeterminationn
\
THE Manner in which the Whitfour came tojhew itfelf Its true
tufb^
and thofe which hav
H: Cydersthe boldeft Rougbnefs, (and for any thing I know
the Cafe is the fame with all AppI
are permitted to fland on the Grofs
are taken offfrom them^ the more they are foftned
to rack them from the fouler or thicker Lyes^ as foon
they are feparated in fome tolerable Manner, which (according' to the
Juices) grow harder the longer they
and therefore the fooner they
we therefore chuf^
we perceive
Day
frequently you rack it to threew
will not bear it above twice
or more diflurbed Weather) is ordinarily in two, three
and the more foft you would have your Cyd
four
the more
four Times only5 the weaker Cyd
BYtho Repi
Method
z I and
> far as I can learn, the Whitfour was firft brought
have within thefe ten Day
(brought from the South-Bams) made this twelve Month
tafted of that Cyd7
whichummer, and perfedly^^^^
had come that Morning from the Pound
had all the Roughnefs and Boldnefs which
s, bottled lafl
was as fweet and mellow as tho' it
and under all that Honey^ it
is the Glory of our Cyder :
only
«
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m
The Fru I Ga H DE N lUuJlrated.m
143
only wife People would be more fparing in that firft Racking, that they
may thereby deftroy that Lafctvioufnefs which may be acceptable to a
Female or a LoiidoneVy but is ever ofFcnfive to a hid and generous Weft"
Saxon.
WHAT I have now faid of Racking the Whitfour holds good of all
the other letter Cyders likewife, an the Reafon of the Adva
of South'Ham Cydi
-
that Reputation which it hath gotten of
late Years : A fliort Account of which will
acceptable.
may be) prove un
THE Claret in which our truly Loyal Gen ever drank
Church and King^ was ftopp'd from France by Revoli
was imooffible
have it in
Bourdeaux
they live without Di
d as impoffibl
fair Way (any other you know they always fcorn'd) from
They had endured an half Fi >(that of Drink) an
toagifter Artis Ingeniique Largltor Fenter^ they applied thcmfelvcs
improve the Produce of their own Fruit. This o£frequent Racking was
the happy and fuccefsful Thought>
Fruits much mended, that I ma!ce no doubt
.vhich they found their rougher
a free Trade with^' _ -jC'i i r.
France^z.^ naw~aa Import of tbe fmaller Clarets wRoyal
ould
and Whitfour may become ordinarily venddk, Bourdeaux itfelf may
feel the Effefts of it.
WHILST I am fpeaking to you of Raclhig, I muft not omit to fay.
that a Perfon in my Neighbourhood, who had the Whitfc his Or
hard many Years^ (tho' either by mixing it with other Fruits, or for
want o the talent of proclaiming itj he never tributed towards
Ifing its Reputation) hath told me, That unlefs you watch it carefully.
from grofler Ly>(which WJ11 beand take its firft Sep
very fewDays)
this perhaps would be no ill Rule to be obferv'd in all the ftronger
m
difficult Matter ever to get it fine after
m a
And
Cyd3
tho' whether this was his Cafe in a Jingle Year9(and
fuch Cafes I know are frequently to be met with) or whether he alivay
found it fo, I do not remember that I enquired of him.
WHAT
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dB3>
The FRUiT-GARbEN IHuftrated.
I
45
LET me, to dole1
Account of thefc
t
tliat I haveheard them authoritativeh
Liquors, afTure yoii >
liave feen Bourdemix and
tied the 2)evoJiJIjfre Stire >
before them
Cyders.
>an ha\
:n Btivgundy ftand melancholy and
hedrd White tflm called for to
^gleffedL
thoIc*
1
AND fo much for Royal Wilding znAWhitfour,
alfo informed of the Mediate^ or (as our common Peopl
You dcfired bfe
Meadeater
nothin
The
o Size
Apple Itfelf hath bee
> &.
fent) >
: pronounce
d therefore I
T L r
nly I muft tell you (which I fliould
alfo have faid of the Whitfour) that it is a very conftant pknuftil
Bearer every other Year, and.maketh a vcryhandfome (tho' no exceeding
large) Tree, nor (if I miftake not) is ic as liable to Blights as mo
other Trees are; '^^'
I f f' * > %
1 ^
"
THE Juices of it have all the Body and Roughnefs of the two other
Cyders before fpoken of, and make good Advances to the fame Golden
Colour iJbut, alas ! want the perfe6ling and dijl'tnguljloing Flavour
thofe Unparallerds : Nor when made by itfelf is it ever (or very rar
ever, andthat furelvnot without filch Art as I could never yet
Maftcr
e a
runk up. fomc Cyder
fent to a Gentleman for a Prefent, which w^s faid to Be Jll of this Sort,
and which might vie with the beft Royal Wildtiig or Whitfour j but had
I been to talk with the Maker himfelf, I imagine I fliould have foundI
there was a Mixture of other Fruit with it : This is fure,- that by Means
its l>loble Body Jand excellent Roughnefs^ it is a moft vakahle Apple,
and becomes an excellent tngredtent in Cyde'i*, efpecially difcreetly forted
with Fruit of a brisker and quicker Nature.
r
\
i
iT is commonly faid to have its Name from a Meadow Gate^ ftear
which the original Plarit (the happy Parent of -this laudahk Apple) firft
/ flood 5for in the ar Dialed of our Country,- we call a Afead
ead (I know not how to convey to yOu the true Sound of that laftMi
Spelling) d by the fame Way of fpeaking call a Gate a Teate
the Lawyers write yeon:)en for gin)en) d thefe Words put togeth9
common Pronunc will afford Meadyaie^ wnic IS eafily a(Tea
-;--
mo
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11^6
i
O M O N A: Or,
1
into Meadeatey and that as eafily into (what the letter Sort ufi
pronounce Mideate, tho* wheth e Faa or
tatiofi and Facility of the Etymology^ that gave occafi
nly the Invi"
this Account
f it. I take upon me to affirm?only am more inclind
think the latter^ becaufe I never hear the Farmer^ or Ejlate^ or Varijh
)r *tis laid to be ori-r even the Part of the South-Hams mention'd,L
ginally of that Country) where this Tree, or this Gate, or this Meadow
all which we canas, -or how long fince it begun to be propagated3
point out of the Royal Wilding, as you have before feen
/
THE Apple hath been long known 5 it is common in the Orchards
of feveral Farmers,r
of more Gentlemen) tho' until of late there
wete but io.'^ of thofe Farmers that kt any great Value on themf%
THESE are the three Sorts of Aptlty County, which do
yet carry the greatefl: Reputation for Cyder. You defire of me further
of my own, which yielded a Liquor thatn Account of Ibme
was talked of every where, about three Years fince 5 and in that alfo I
fliall deavour to gratify you. They were the Produce of fome
Kernels of the Red-Jlreak Apples, which, when fit to be tranfplanted,
fet round two of the Fields near my Houfe, (fince turned into Orchards)
withoor^evwr OfTJpTfig rhem
the djoining Hedges or not, I cannot
icy oTxiitm Cwhcther cramp'd
Tree the Fruit of them is various, moftly
tifually are, but ^fmaller the Apple
eally fey) make but a fmall
y fmall, (as allWildings
IS a
in Reafon, the letter the Cydcoriftant Rule among us) and generally /fr^^^jy with Red and
many of them (I mean the Produce of feveral of the Trees^
much unltk
) not very
>for from the Kernels of the felf-fam Apples, you fcnow
•we have always very different Sorts of Fruit
r
BESIDES fome other T>iffi of lefs Note to be obferv'd
thcfe Wildings 5 the Fruit (^ fome few of ^the Trees
m
hrg than that of the Generality of the others
Wildings is fmall) and fome of them
others \
is confiderabl
(which like moft
'are more ftreak'd with Red than
:i
I HAD
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n
_ ^
148# -f
I ' O M N t Or#
9
Names indifferently it is talked of.3
Ion ince dran out5
hath any other bountiful Year as yeif yielded fuclr a Supply) when
the Tableleafantry and Converfation bring the Remembrance of it on
which will ever be done until fome happy Seafon fhall again bring more
of the Liquor it felf there. ^**
/ .
r ?
H ^ ,^«ir
HAD alnioft omitted to tell you, that Mr. WooUomle himfelf was
fummon'd to the Conteft betwixt this upjlart Wildings as he thought it,
and his own Royal one. The Suprize (and even almoft Silence) with
which he was feized at firft tailing it> was plainly perceiv'd every
one prefent, and occafion'd no fmall Diverfion : He did not roundly
pronounce it better thanl the RoyaJ Wildings but he fpent a great deal
of his Cyder Knowledge, in fhewing the Reafons why it might well be
expected that the Juices of this: CoUe6fio77 of Wildings, fhould be pre-
ferable to that made from any ^^^^/^ Wilding, fo ^r^^t is the Force of
Truth : And, this was all that was injijted on (and more^ than was e:^-»
^^<5?^^ from him) at that Time/ as well in ^ regard to the Allowances
there ought to be made to the Piety o( being Fond and Tender of one's
own Progeny, as to his real Merit in having difcover'd and promoted
that other admirahJe and molt excellent Apple.
J- ' "r
m^--g
n(h n
1 ^ . flMH
r:^^huncmYxrc€faaTrpm rhefe Triumphs
of my own Wilding, and let you know ,why I faid it was happy that
the Ccelejiial Title was affigned to it in the junliure of its being in the
Cask : for after it was Bottledj and the Advance of the Year .had rais'dl
it, the Juices appeared thinner than thofe of the Royal Wilding.
partook too much of the RarefaSiion of thofe Superior Regions from
whence it had luckily before gotteft its Name : It continued indeed fvery
excellent and admirahle Cyder, but was too Irisk, or rather, if you
will, frisking, whilft the Royal Wilding preferv'd all its Native Majejly
and Solejmiity j and from that Time was re-eftabhfh'd in the full and
peaceable VoSzSioti of the Throne^ to the no fmall Comfort of Mr.
Woolcomhe. -.
*
i
YOU will your felf take N^ f 1' p *
)
?that the Cyder from my Wildings
be promoted as the Royal Wilding hath been, becaufe IS latte
being but a fingle Apple, became eafily propagated5 whereas to make
this Cyder of mine, one Graft from each Tree in the Collection muft be
had.I
\
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€^
The Fru IT-G ard e nf
ISuftrated,
J
I
had, and put on : Whether any one of tliefe
^figly would make fi4c7j
I much (jueftion^ (that it would make very good I do not doubt)
I fay whether among them there may be ojje or more, which
Cyd
tried Jeparately, might afford a
any other Apple hitherto k
nice equal (or fupertor) to
I have not yet examind them
of
e%
a6ily as to find any Reafon for fingling out any of them to make fuch
Experiment I had.
difcover the Event
ou know it muft be a long Courfc of Years
m
149
\
HAVE lately planted out two Orchards with Wildings, torn
Kernels (or Tips as we call th^) of the Royal Wilding, but the Trees
are fo very fmall, that they have not yet afforded me Opportunity for
ail Experiment Th Fruit that any of tbem have hitherto fiiewnJ
eems to a a good Found
Sort or another, will, for
for Expectation, Wildings of one
future^ be I bel chiefly ted
among ?an
m particular, as
mife themfelves the like ^il^cefs
themfelves the Trouble
would Gentlemen fow the Kernels of the Red-Jireak
fee not why they might not reafonably pro-
would they now and then give
I did
<*
to promote any of their WildingSy that to
th(^j[gy?gjeemeth to bid fa
know
d others of them for excellent Cyd>
not
who can
gpV.< fnight:^e~~nlacjg
may4
monay anOffspring that may equal, or even
J e
or Whitfo themfel>
fin the Sorts of new ApplRoyal Wilding
that are to
be raifed from Kernels, are, as I before fuggefled, plainly Numherlefs
To make this Account o our Cyd as compl as can>
muft in the laft Place mention to you mother Sort, which hath not
been heard of among us more than fix or feven Years : The Name
of Cockag7
Cackag3
the Word>
as far as can learn
hiJI: which I, as well as you, am no Critick) : The Fruit is orl
ginally ftom Ireland, and the Cyder much valued in that Country
>
About fixt<
firjl broug
eighteen Years fin I am rightly informed) it was
over>
and promoted about Minehead in Somerfetjlj
Some Gentlemen of that County have got enough of it new to make
five, fix, or
to fro
ight Hogflieads a Year of the Cyd3and fuch as have
m the own Tables, fell, I am told from four to
Pounds an Hogihead
ght
<iS GEN
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*^
150 P O M O N A, d-c.
F '•
\
;
GENTLEMAN favour d me fo to bring feme of the
Apples from IreJandy but by the time I had an Opportunity of feeing
*' The
Wine)
«*
them, they were fb decay'd, that I cannot defcribe them to you
Cyde the Colour of Sherry^ rath of French Whit
and every whit ^s^ne and clear : I have tafted of it from two feveral
the Gentlemen juft now mentionedrchards of Somerfetjh an
^
from
r -
landrought fome of the Cyder^ as well as the Apples^
hath a mo|e vinous Tafte than any Cyder I ever drank 3 and as the Sight
might deceive a curious Eye for Wine: fo I believe the Tafte mightp
an incurious Palate for
fpirituous^ and would
e i uor. feemeth alfc
believe, if experimented
be very
y foon intoxicatey but
wanting the generous Roughnefsy and even thtjine and delicate Flavour
(notwithftanding its mnous Relifh) as alfo the full Body of our Royal
Wilding knd JVhitfour j it is, in my Op3(and that of r the
/
reater Part of thofe Gentlemen I have ever talked with)— - ' _
Degrees ;
many
iferior to thofe Cyders of our County, and particularly Icfs
?ptahle to the Valatey and lefs grateful t^he Stomach
'
-^
/
ha
HAVE lately put on fome Grafts of them, but not enough'#
ey yct-Time-enough) to enable^
they will
make with me. I may perhaps another Year fet on more of them, but
I affure you for Curioftty only, and becaufe the Cyd<
for any other Ufe I ever intend to make of them.
talked of* not
/ am
^\ i» £
Pynesy Novemht
10, 1727 i
^^
*
. Tour moft ohliged Frieyidy .
and humlle Servant.9 ^
^.
^ • M
• ^. t ^
\
.
HUGH STAFFORD.r I
- --.
Jl
'
) :
%
# -*H
F N S.•i.
^ X
1
^ (t
^ >'
f
1
> j
t
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