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Local Wellhead Protection Program Plan

Pasquotank County, NC PWS ID # 04-70-010

Contact: Travis Tucker

Water Treatment Plant Superintendent

Office 252-335-2196

Fax 252-338-1946

[email protected]

PO Box 347

Elizabeth City, North Carolina 27909-0347

September 5, 2018

https://mail.aol.com/webmail/getPart?uid=29931344&partId=2&scope=STANDARD&saveAs=output.jpg



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City of Elizabeth City, Local Wellhead Protection Program Plan, April, 2018

Table of Contents

Background ..................................................................................................................................... 3

Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 6

Source Water Assessment Program Report (SWAP) .............................................................. 7

The Wellhead Protection Committee ............................................................................................ 9

Wellhead Protection Area Delineation ....................................................................................... 10

Maps .............................................................................................................................. 13,15,16

Potential Contaminant Source Inventory .................................................................................. 17

Photos ................................................................................................................................. 28-33

Maps ................................................................................................................................... 34-36

Risk Assessment ....................................................................................................................... 38

Management of the Wellhead Protection Area .......................................................................... 44

Emergency Contingency Plan ..................................................................................................... 49

Public Participation ...................................................................................................................... 53

New Public Water Supply Wells ................................................................................................. 53

Future Wellhead Protection ........................................................................................................ 53

References ..................................................................................................................................... 54

Appendix ....................................................................................................................................... 55

3


Background

In 1986, Safe Water Drinking Act (SWDA) amendments added Section 1428, “State Programs to

Establish Wellhead Protection Areas”, which requires each state to develop a program to “protect

wellhead areas within their jurisdiction from contaminants which may have any adverse effects on

the health of persons.” The term wellhead protection area is defined in the law as “the surface and

subsurface area surrounding a water well or wellfield, supplying a public water system, through

which contaminants are reasonably likely to move toward and reach such water well or wellfield."

North Carolina’s Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approved Wellhead Protection Program

(WHPP) provides technical support to local governments and public water supply systems in their

endeavors to develop and implement their own Wellhead Protection Plans.

One of North Carolina’s objective in developing a protection plan is to provide a process for public

water system operators to learn more about their groundwater systems and how to protect them.

Wellhead Protection Plans allow communities to take charge of protecting the quality of their

drinking water by identifying and carefully managing areas that supply groundwater to their public

wells.

Division of Water Resources (DWR), under the Department of Environmental Quality

regulations, require any public water supply well that is to be used as a community or non-transient,

non-community water system to meet the following wellhead protection requirements:

(1) The well shall be located on a lot so that the area within 100 feet of the well shall be owned

or controlled by the person supplying the water. The supplier of water shall be able to

protect the well lot from potential sources of pollution and to construct landscape features

for drainage and diversion of pollution.

(2) The minimum horizontal separation between the well and known potential sources of

pollution shall be as follows:

(a) 100 feet from any sanitary sewage disposal system, sewer, or a sewer pipe

unless the sewer is constructed of water main materials and joints, in which

case the sewer pipe shall be at least 50 feet from the well;

(b) 200 feet from a subsurface sanitary sewage treatment and disposal system

designed for 3000 or more gallons of wastewater a day flows, unless it is

determined that the well water source utilizes a confined aquifer;

(c) 500 feet from a septage disposal site;

(d) 100 feet from buildings, mobile homes, permanent structures, animal

houses or lots, or cultivated areas to which chemicals are applied;

(e) 100 feet from surface water;

(f) 100 feet from a chemical or petroleum fuel underground storage tank with

secondary containment;

(g) 500 feet from a chemical or petroleum fuel underground storage tank

without secondary containment;

(h) 500 feet from the boundary of a ground water contamination area;

(i) 500 feet from a sanitary landfill or non-permitted non-hazardous solid

waste disposal site;

(j) 1000 feet from a hazardous waste disposal site or in any location which

conflicts with the North Carolina Hazardous Waste Management Rules

cited as 15A NCAC 13A;

(k) 300 feet from a cemetery or burial ground; and

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(l) 100 feet from any other potential source of pollution.

(3) The Department may require greater separation distances or impose other protective

measures necessary to protect the well from pollution; the Department shall consider as

follows:

(a) The hazard or health risk associated with the source of pollution;

(b) The proximity of the potential source to the well;

(c) The type of material, facility or circumstance that poses the source or

potential source of pollution;

(d) The volume or size of the source or potential source of pollution;

(e) Hydrogeological features of the site which could affect the movement of

contaminants to the source water;

(f) The effect which well operation might have on the movement of

contamination; and

(g) The feasibility of providing additional separation distances or protective

measures.

(4) The lot shall be graded or sloped so that surface water is diverted away from the wellhead.

The lot shall not be subject to flooding.

(5) When the supplier of water is unable to locate water from any other approved source and

when an existing well can no longer provide water that meets the requirement of this

Subchapter, a representative of the Division may approve a smaller well lot and reduced

separation distances for temporary use.

In addition to this delineation, communities are encouraged to establish wellhead protection plans,

which include the following:

1) The formation of a wellhead protection committee to establish and implement the wellhead

protection plan and whose role it is to conduct a potential contaminant source inventory,

provide options for the management of the WHP area, seek public input into the creation of the

WHP plan, seek approval of the WHP plan and to implement the WHP plan;

2) Delineation of the contributing areas of the water sources;

3) Identification of potential contamination sources within the wellhead protection area;

4) Develop and implement wellhead protection area management actions to protect the water

sources;

5) Develop an emergency contingency plan for alternative water supply sources in the event the

groundwater supply becomes contaminated and emergency response planning for incidents that

may impact water quality;

6) Development of a public education program; and

7) Conduct new water source planning to insure the protection of new water source locations and

to augment current supplies.

Wellhead protection for public water supply wells is a voluntary program, but water systems across

the state are encouraged to take the above steps in protecting all groundwater sources.

5


The PWSS will grant the final approval for WHP Plans. The NC Wellhead Protection Program

Coordinator is:

M. Gale Johnson, L.G.

Public Water Supply Section

1634 Mail Service Center

Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1634

[email protected]

Phone 919-707-9083

Fax 919-715-4374

6


Introduction

The City of Elizabeth City is located in the northeastern portion of the state in Pasquotank County,

on the Pasquotank River and Intracoastal Waterway. The City lies just west of the Outer Banks of

North Carolina and just south of Hampton Roads, Virginia. Elizabeth City is the county seat and

largest city of Pasquotank County. It is the cultural, economic and educational hub of the sixteen-

county Historic Albemarle region of northeastern North Carolina. The City is rich in history yet

progressive and growing. Elizabeth City is host to Elizabeth City State University, Mid-Atlantic

Christian University, College of the Albemarle, the TCOM Blimp Base, several small equipment

manufacturing plants, and the largest Coast Guard station in the United States.

The City operates fourteen wells that are located to the west northwest of the City where the terrain

is very flat and swampy with poor drainage, and elevation seldom exceeds 15 feet. Fields under

agriculture are typically ditched, and canals lace the area. The 1985 Geologic Map of North

Carolina shows that the near-surface sediments are of Pleistocene to recent age, and consist of

sands, clays, gravels, and peats. Soils in the area have moderate to high infiltration rates.

The City’s wells provide water to a population of about 18,686 people via approximately 7,713

connections. The City’s total storage capacity is 9.5 million gallons in a total of 7 (seven) combined

ground and elevated storage tanks. Chemical treatment of the raw water includes chlorine gas and

aqueous ammonia in the form of chloramines, aluminum sulfate and phosphate as a coagulating

agent, sodium hexametaphosphate as a corrosion control, carbon dioxide to adjust pH, anionic

polymer for coagulation, and lime slurry as a coagulating agent and to adjust pH. The City also

operates a municipal sewage system and has several lift stations located within the WHPA.

The City has multiple interconnections with Pasquotank County Reverse Osmosis Water System

(PWS ID # 60-70-001) and the South Camden Water System (PWS ID # 04-15-015). They can

receive water from or sell water to either system.

7


Figure 1. City of Elizabeth City well information from April 24, 2017 SWAP

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Figure 2. Pasquotank County within North Carolina.

Figure 3. City of Elizabeth City within Pasquotank County.

9


The Wellhead Protection Committee

The following people have been designated or volunteered to serve as the City of Elizabeth City’s

Wellhead Protection Committee (WPC):

Name Position

Ms. Amanda Boone Public Utilities Director

Mr. Travis Tucker Water Treatment Plant Superintendent

Mr. Matthew Schelly Community Development Director, Planner

Ms. Jinger Hickman Office Assistant II – Public Utilities Department

Mr. Raymond Staten Water Treatment Plant Chief Operator

Ms. Amy Durden GIS Coordinator

Ms. Debbie Maner NC Rural Water Association

The positions responsible for implementing the plan are the City of Elizabeth City’s Council. They

have accepted the recommendations made in the plan by the WHPC. The Council has granted the

Assistant Public Utilities Director the authority to implement the plan and to approve any revisions

that may be necessary to obtain approval from the Public Water Supply Section (PWSS).

Implementation of the plan will begin immediately following its approval by the PWSS of the

North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality and will be completed within ninety (90)

days.

Upon completion of the implementation phase of the WHP Program Plan, the individual

responsible for implementation will submit notification to the Public Water Supply Section in

accordance with the schedule set forth in the approved WHP Program Plan.

The mission of the Wellhead Protection Committee is to protect the water supply of the City of

Elizabeth City by developing an appropriate method to educate the public on the importance of the

City’s source of drinking water and measures they can take to prevent contamination of the water

supply. Additionally, the City may seek funding through federal or state loans and grants to

improve or expand the water system.

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Delineation of the Wellhead Protection Area

There are several methods that are used to delineate Wellhead Protection Areas (WHPAs). The

one that is most appropriate for each well system depends upon many factors including its location

within the state and the characteristics of the subsurface geology. For this plan, a calculated fixed

radius method known as the Volumetric Method was used to delineate Elizabeth City’s WHPAs

(Wellhead Protection Areas).

In North Carolina, the WHPA for wells withdrawing water from certain confined aquifers

encompasses the area surrounding the well for which the time of travel from the outer

edge of the area to the well is 10 years. A 10-year period was selected to provide time to

assess the potential impact of any ground-water contamination discovered within the

WHPA and for developing appropriate remediation and ground-water protection

strategies for the water supply. A WHPA based on a longer time of travel may provide a

greater degree of protection to the well and allow more advance warning to respond to a

contamination incident within the WHPA, but it will also expand the area to manage

under the WHP Plan.

WHPAs based on a 10-year time of travel from their outer edge to the pumping well can

be estimated by using the ground-water velocity or by estimating the volume of the

aquifer required to supply 10 years of withdrawals (i.e., the Volumetric Method). Due to

the lack of site-specific information necessary to calculate the ground-water velocity,

Elizabeth City chose the Volumetric Method to delineate the WHPA for its water supply

wells.

The volume of the aquifer that supplies withdrawals for a specified period of time can be

estimated with the following equation:

n

yearsP

year

days

gal

ft

dayt

galQV dP

)(25.365

48.7

min

min

3

=

Where: VP = the volume of aquifer in ft3 that supplies withdrawals for period

P,

Q = the well yield in gallons per minute,

td = the daily pumping period in minutes per day,

P = the period of withdrawals in years, and

N = the estimated porosity, dimensionless.

The well yield is the maximum sustained pumping rate possible for the well (not the daily

pumping rate) as determined from a 24-hour drawdown test pursuant to North Carolina

Administrative Code 15A NCAC 18C.0402(g). If well yield information is unavailable,

the maximum capacity of the pump installed on the well may be substituted. The daily

pumping period tp is the number of minutes per day that the well is pumped and should

equal 720 (the number of minutes in 12 hours). This value is used because State

regulations require that the yield of a public water supply well provide the average daily

demand in 12 hours. If the actual pumping period exceeds 12 hours, then the actual

pumping period in minutes per day should be used. Using a daily pumping period tp of

720 minutes per day, a period of withdrawal P of 10 years and an estimated porosity of

0.2, the above equation, rounded, reduces to:

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V10 = 1,800,000 x Q

Where: V10 = the volume of aquifer in ft3 that supplies 10 years of withdrawals.

For ease (convenience) in applying the Volumetric method/ASV, it is assumed that the

volume is contained in a cylinder centered on the well.

Before the radius of the cylinder, and therefore the WHPA, can be determined, it is first

necessary to determine or to estimate the thickness (b) of the aquifer (or the thickness of

the part of the aquifer) that supplies water to the well. Because information on well yield

and aquifer thickness was available from well construction records for each well judged

to be withdrawing water from the Yorktown aquifer, the City of Elizabeth City calculated

the WHPA radii by substituting the aquifer thickness, along with the calculated volume

(V10) into the following equation for each of these wells:

b

Vr

10=

Where: r = the radius in feet,

V10 = the volume of the aquifer, in ft3, that supplies 10 years of

withdrawals,

= 3.1416, and

b = the aquifer thickness or the length of screened or open-hole

section, in feet.

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Because actual aquifer thickness may be underestimated by well screen length alone, it may be

preferable to use the recommended guidelines in the table in Figure 5. taken from The North

Carolina Wellhead Protection Guidebook developed in 2003, resulting in the radius for each of

Elizabeth City’s wells in Figure 6. below.

Well Yield Q1

(gpm)

Maximum

Permitted

Withdrawal

(Qmpw2)

gallons

Aquifer Thickness

(ft.)

Radius of WHPA

(ft.)

Rounded

50 36,000 25 1,000

100 72,000 50 1,000

200 144,000 50 1,500

500 360,000 75 2,000

1000 720,000 75 3,000

2000 1,440,000 100 3,500 1 Maximum sustained well yield or maximum capacity of the pump, in gallons per minute. Read as “up

to” the indicated value; e.g., for a well yield of 150 gpm, use line representing 200 gpm.

2 Maximum Permitted Withdrawal (Qmpw2) based on 12 hours per day of pump operation.

3 Aquifer thickness is a value assumed on the basis of the pumping rate.

Figure 5. Recommended radii of WHPAs for wells withdrawing from semi-confined and

highly confined aquifers.

Well #

Yield

GPM

Radius

from

Figure 5.

1 626 3,000

2 264 1,500

3 654 3,000

4 503 3,000

5 37 1,000

7 100 1,000

8 400 2,000

9 200 1,500

10 420 2,000

11 137 1,500

13 325 2,000

14 485 3,000

15 250 2,000

16 300 2,000

Figure 6. Elizabeth City’s Wellhead Protection Area Radii with Yield

taken from Well Construction Records where available otherwise

City data.

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Figure 7. Preliminary delineation using volumetric method and chart in Figure 5.

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Using the Volumetric Method, Figure 5. shows the radii used to delineate Elizabeth City’s

WHPAs. However, the wells in the wellfield are close enough in proximity that there is significant

overlap of the areas when using the formula, so it is likely the wells are influencing each other

during pumping. To analyze the influence and further delineate the areas the WhAEM2000, EPA

groundwater flow model described below was also used. It is an automated version of using the

Volumetric Method that also accounts for well interference. It refines the delineation obtained

when using the volumetric method alone.

WhAEM2000

The U.S. EPA's Wellhead Analytic Element Model, WhAEM2000 for Windows

(98/NT/2K/XP/7/8), is a groundwater geohydrology computer program. WhAEM2000 is a public

domain, ground-water flow model designed to facilitate capture zone delineation and protection

area mapping in support of the State's Wellhead Protection Programs (WHPP) and Source Water

Assessment Planning (SWAP) for public water supplies in the United States. WhAEM2000

provides an interactive computer environment for design of protection areas based on radius

methods, well in uniform flow solutions, and geohydrologic modeling methods. Geohydrologic

modeling for steady pumping wells, including the influence of hydrological boundaries, such as

rivers, recharge, and no-flow contacts, is accomplished using the analytic element method.

An aquifer thickness of 64 feet was used in the WhAEM model for the delineation of the WHPA

for the City of Elizabeth City. This value was arrived at by taking the difference between the depth

of the top of the uppermost screened interval and the bottom of the lowermost screened interval for

the wells in the Elizabeth City wellfield (i.e. -56ft. - - 120 ft. = 64 ft.).

15


Figure 8. City of Elizabeth City’s Wellhead Protection Area delineations using the

WhAEM2000 Model.

16


Figure 9. City of Elizabeth City’s Final WHPA using EPA’s WhAEM Model2000 with

modifications.

17


Potential Contaminant Source (PCS) Inventory

The inventory process began by looking at the Source Water Assessment Program Report for the

City of Elizabeth City. Information from sixteen State and Federal Databases is combined into that

report, and the information is used as a starting point to research files at the various agencies. All

relevant information is in the PCS table and in the summaries that follow the table.

A Source Water Assessment Program (SWAP) Report has been made available for the City of

Elizabeth City by the NC Public Water Supply Section. Water sources can be threatened by many

potential contaminant sources, including permitted wastewater discharges, underground storage

tanks, urban storm water runoff, or other types of non-point source contamination such as runoff

produced by agricultural activities and land clearing for development. A source water assessment

is a qualitative evaluation of the potential of a drinking water source to become contaminated by

the identified potential contaminant sources (PCSs) within the delineated area. A SWAP Report

consists of an assessment area delineation, a potential contaminant source inventory and map, a

susceptibility rating, maps, tables and a detailed description of North Carolina's SWAP approach.

The City of Elizabeth City’s entire SWAP Report along with a wealth of other information about

water sources in North Carolina can be found on the PWS website,

http://www.ncwater.org/pws/SWAP_susceptibility_results.HTM.

A description of each of the PCS Types can be found in the Appendix along with information about

who to contact for more information.

Figure 10. Potential Contaminant Source Attributes

Well # 1, 2

SWAP Report, April 2017

http://www.ncwater.org/pws/SWAP_susceptibility_results.HTM.A

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Well # 5A


According to the WaRO of the NC Division of Water Resources the Injection Heating and

Cooling System at the Louis and Brenda Spry residence is no longer operational and the

Underground Injection wells have been abandoned according to State Regulations.


Well # 8


19



Well # 11


20



Well # 13


21



Well # 14


22



Well # 15


23



Well # 16


There were no potential contaminant sources in the SWAP for Wells # 3, 4, 10, 7, and 9

24


Windshield Survey

The WPC conducted a windshield survey of the entire WHPA and identified each potential

contamination source (PCS) facility or activity that might exist within the WHPA. Onsite visits

were made and additional information was obtained regarding quantity and types of contaminants

kept on site. The PCS list shows the sources identified during the inventory along with quantities

and types of contaminants found at the site. Pictures were taken at several sites to further document

PCS sites.

The entire WHPA is served by the Pasquotank County Water System. The City of Elizabeth City

operates a municipal wastewater system which serves all businesses and residences located within

the WHPA.

Potential Contamination Sources

The list below shows the potential contaminant sources (PCSs) identified during the inventory.

PCS Site Owner Contact Potential Contaminant Quantity

Communications Tower

913 Wellfield Rd.

Pasquotank County

Tower Site C

ASR#HP-1080 site

252-338-7787

2 generators

LP Tanks

Potential for fuel storage.

Time Warner/Charter

Communications 1466

Southeast, LLC

7820 Crescent Exec. Drive

Charlotte, NC 28217

Diesel Fuel

Lead and Sulfuric Acid Batteries

~3.000 gallons

Average 429 lbs.

Pb

Average 52 lbs

H₂SO₄

Farmland Martha Bundy

301 Forest Park Road

Elizabeth City, NC 27909

Farmland by Well 4 adjacent to

Wells 4 and 5

100 acres

Walmart Station #45 City of Elizabeth City

306 E. Colonial Avenue


Mailing Address

P. O. Box 347

Elizabeth City, NC

27907-0347

Phone

252-335-2196

Wastewater Pump Station

Highway 17 NCDOT

Resident Engineer's Office

1929 A North Road St.

Elizabeth City, 27909

252-331-4860

Spills

25


PCS Site Owner Contact Potential

Contaminant

Quantity

Murphy USA

108 Tanglewood

Pkwy.

Elizabeth City, NC

27909

Murphy Oil USA

PO Box 7000 Peach St.

El Dorado, Ark 72730

USTs

Gasoline

Diesel

Permit 00-0-

0000036871

Expires 6/18

20,000 gal.

12,000 gal.

8,000 gal.

Hall Honda

105 Tanglewood

Pkwy.

Hall of Elizabeth City

23 Walker Avenue

Baltimore, MD 21208

Auto Service Parts Manager

Debbie Miller

Charlie Gower

252-389-8166

Auto Repair

Petroleum Products

Fluids

Small

Quantities*

Hall Honda Station #

49

Elizabeth City, NC


27909

Mailing Address

P. O. Box 347

Elizabeth City, NC

27907-0347

Phone

252-335-2196

Wastewater Pump

Station

Tidal Wave Auto Spa

3880 Patrick Way

Tidal Wave Auto Spa

PO Box 311 Thomaston, GA 30286

706-975-5945

Detergents Small

Quantities*

7-Eleven # 34134

3800 Patrick Way

7-Eleven, Inc.

PO Box 711 Attn: Gasoline Accounting

Dallas, TX

Permit 00-0-0000037107

Expires 9/18

USTs

Gasoline

10,000 gal.

15,000 gal.

Morris Auto Sales &

Salvage

728 Wellfield Rd.

Hunter S. Morris

782 Wellfield Rd.


Large area of stored

vehicles, see photos

Auto Fluids

NCG100021

NPDES2077

Nursery - Tenant run

849 Wellfield Rd.

Property Owner:

Raymond Harold Pritchard

849 Wellfield Rd.

Sprawling Nursery

Pesticides, Fertilizers

4 junk mobile homes on

property

See photos

Pasquotank County

Convenience Center

944 Wellfield Rd.

Pasquotank County

206 Main St.

PO Box 39


Brad Gardner, Director of Solid Waste

[email protected]

Transfer Station

Recycling

American Tower

Elizabeth City # 1

Site Number 088638

American Tower Management, Inc.

116 Huntington Ave.

Boston, MA 02116

www.americantower.com

Diesel AST 550 gallons

See photos

26



West Lawn Cemetery

1909 Main St. Ext.

Citadel/West Lawn

Cemetery, Inc.

PO Box 8839

Greenville, NC 29604

Pesticides, Fertilizers

Small

Quantities*

Elizabeth City

Substation

Pasquotank County

206 E. Main St.


Mineral oil Small

Quantities*

CB’s Auto Tire &

Service

Carolina Classic

311 Forest Park Rd.

252-334-9991

Calvin L. Boone, Jr.

Property Owner:

Clarence Lane

3083 Main St. Ext.


Auto Repair

Appears to be closed

Farm Operation

Facility

705 Forest Park Rd.

Chuck Jackson

Rents fields surrounding

Wellfields

Grows Corn and Soybeans

Property Owner:

Georgetta B. Jackson

917 Halls Creek Rd.


Numerous ASTs

Nitrogen

Diesel

Farm Equipment

See photos

107 Brantwood Dr.

Sawmill type business

Property Owner:

Nora D. Spruill

PO Box 1743


AST fuel storage ~500 gallons

Walmart Auto Center Walmart Real Estate

PO Box 8050

Bentonville, AR 72712-8050

Auto Repair

Petroleum Fluids

Small

quantities*

US Cellular Company US Cellular Company

PO Box 31369

Chicago, IL 60631-0369

Fuel storage for generator 10,000 gallons

Communications

Tower

Liberty University

1971 University Blvd.

Lynchburg, VA 24502-2269

434-941-9123

434-258-4859

FCC Antenna Structure Registration

Number

1026338

Generator (no fuel storage noted)

Farmland Justice Farms, LLC

302 South Jefferson Street

Roanoke, VA 24011

Farmland adjacent to newer wells

752 acres

Highway 17 Bypass NCDOT


Raleigh, NC 27699-1501

877-368-4968

Spills 911

Highway Division 1

113 Airport Drive

Suite 100

Edenton, NC 27932

Division Engineer

Jerry Jennings, PE

252-482-1850

Spills/Accidents

27



Halstead Blvd. Ext. NCDOT



877-368-4968

Spills 911

Highway Division 1

113 Airport Drive

Suite 100

Edenton, NC 27932

Division Engineer

Jerry Jennings, PE

252-482-1850

Spills/Accidents

WTP Residual

Storage

City of Elizabeth City

Permit No. WQOOI4808

City of Elizabeth City WTP Residuals Storage

Facility Surface Disposal of Residual Solids (503

Exempt)

Pasquotank County

See Permit in Appendix

Monitoring for Arsenic,

Chromium and Nickel

Emergency

Generator Fuel

Storage

City of Elizabeth City



Mailing Address

P. O. Box 347

Elizabeth City, NC

27907-0347

Phone

252-335-2196

ASTs

Wellfield 3 & 9

Wellfield 8

Wellfield 4

Wellfield 13

Wellfield 14

Wellfield 15

Wellfield 16

Wellfield Complex

(near Wells 1 & 4)

238 gal.

250 “

109 “

127 “

213 “

127 “

127 “

1,500 “

*Where listed on the PCS Data Chart, “small quantities” refers either to unknown amounts totaling

less than 100-gallons or 100-pounds or small quantities (<100 gallons or pounds combined).

Figure 18. City of Elizabeth City Potential Contaminant Source (PCS) Inventory

28


Morris Auto

29


Aerial view of nursery, 849 Wellfield Rd.

Nursery – 849 Wellfield Rd.

30


Pasquotank County Tower C Site

31


American Tower

32


Farm Facility, 705 Forest Park Road


33



Time Warner Cable/Charter Communications, 963 Thunder Road

34


Figure 19. Elizabeth City WHPA with PCSs

35



36



37


PCS List Summary and Additional Comment

Gibbons BP – FTF – Identified on the maps as a Pollution Incident in the SWAP PCSs is incorrectly

located. Its address is Highway 158 and Water Street, which is miles from Elizabeth City’s

Wellhead Protection Area.

38


Risk Assessment

Risk Assessment Method

For each WHPA, the PCSs were ranked according to the threat each presented to the water supply

well or wells. The following method was used to rank each PCS in each WHPA:

Each PCS was assigned to a risk category of higher, moderate, or lower based on information

adapted from the EPA (1993), and from the Oregon Wellhead Protection Program (See

Classification Chart in Appendix). Each PCS was assigned a numerical "category" score to

correspond with the risk category (e.g., higher (H)-3, moderate (M)-2, lower (L)-1). Sites with

known soil and/or groundwater contamination were assigned a score of “4” and a symbol of “X.”

Each site of potential or known contamination was then assigned a "proximity" score calculated

with the following equation:

proximity score =1- (distance from the well (or well center point for combined wells)/radius of the

WHPA)

The final PCS ranking was obtained by multiplying the category score by the proximity score for

each potential contaminant site. This resulted in a relative ranking of each PCS within a given

WHPA according to the threat it poses to the water supply well. Assessing the relative risk of

contamination within each WHPA from the PCSs it contains allows for a determination of (1)

which water supply wells are at greatest risk of contamination, and (2) which PCSs should be

considered first with respect to wellhead protection. Once the risk assessment is carried out,

priorities can be set to more effectively manage the PCSs. Elizabeth City’s numerical Risk

Assessment is found in Figure 22. on the following pages.

Additional Risk Assessment

The map in Figure 23. showing the preliminary volumetric delineations of each well was used to

calculate the risk assessment score assigned in the chart in Figure 22. As can be seen in that map

there are several PCSs that fall outside the preliminary circle delineated, but still inside the final

Wellhead Protection Area. These PCSs are listed below in order of the Risk they might pose to the

closest wells.

1. The Farm Operation Facility at 705 Forest Park Rd. presents a Moderate Risk to Well #

5. As described in the table and as can be seen from the pictures, the facility operates

numerous above ground storage tanks containing fuels and farm chemicals that don’t seem

to have any secondary containment or protection from seepage or spills. It is

approximately 2,068 ft. southeast of the well. Because there is almost no slope in the area,

it is assumed that the groundwater flow direction varies and could be influenced by the

pumping of the well.

2. Walmart Lift Station # 45, Walmart Auto Center, Murphy USA, the Honda Dealership,

the Seven Eleven and the Hall Honda Lift Station # 49 all present a Low to Moderate Risk

to Wells 7, 8, and 9. The PCSs range from 2,980 to 3,673 feet south of the four wells.

39


Well # 1

PCS Site

Risk

Category

Radius

(ft.)

Distance

Well (ft.)

Proximity

Score

Overall

Well

Pasquotank County

Tower Site C 2 3000 935 0.69 1.4

Time Warner

Cable/Charter 3 3000 867 0.71 2.1

Martha Bundy

Farmland 2 3000 885 0.71 1.4

Generator Fuel 3 3000 50 0.98 3.0

Total 7.9

Well # 2

Pasquotank County

Tower Site C 2 1500 678 0.55 1.1

Time Warner

Cable/Charter 3 1500 1278 0.15 0.4

Total 1.5

Well # 3

Morris Auto Sales 3 3000 200 0.93 2.8

Nursery 3 3000 712 0.76 2.3

Elizabeth City Spray 3 3000 1525 0.49 1.5

US Cellular Tower 2 3000 1616 0.46 0.9

LU Tower 1 3000 2120 0.29 0.3

Generator Fuel 3 3000 50 0.98 3.0

Total 10.7

Well # 4

Pasquotank County

Tower Site C 2 2000 1766 0.12 0.2

Time Warner

Cable/Charter 3 2000 1559 0.22 0.7

Martha Bundy

Farmland 2 2000 1242 0.38 0.8

Generator Fuel 3 2000 50 0.98 2.9

Total 4.6

Well # 5

Time Warner

Cable/Charter 3 1000 649 0.35 1.1

Total 1.1

Well # 7

Highway 17 Bypass 2 1000 698 0.30 0.6

Total 0.6

Well # 8



EC Sludge 3 2000 1612 0.19 0.6

Generator Fuel 3 2000 50 0.98 2.9

Total 5.5

40


PCS Site

Risk

Category

Radius

(ft.)

Distance

Well (ft.)

Proximity

Score

Overall

Well

Well # 9

EC Sludge 3 1500 581 0.61 1.8


Generator Fuel 3 1500 50 0.97 2.9

Total 5.2

Well # 10

Nursery 3 2000 609 0.70 2.1


Total 2.5

Well # 11

Elizabeth City

Substation 2 1500 285 0.81 1.6

West Lawn Cemetery 2 1500 1160 0.23 0.5

Total 2.1

Well # 13

LU Tower 2 2000 1918 0.04 0.1

Justice Farms, LLC 1 2000 265 0.87 0.9

Generator Fuel 3 2000 50 0.98 2.9

Total 3.9

Well # 14

LU Tower 2 3000 268 0.91 1.8



Nursery 3 3000 1797 0.40 1.2


Generator Fuel 3 3000 50 0.98 3.0

Total 10.7

Well # 15

LU Tower 2 2000 1828 0.09 0.2



Nursery 3 2000 1192 0.40 1.2

Generator Fuel 3 2000 50 0.98 2.9

Total 7.4

Well # 16

LU Tower 2 2000 938 0.53 1.1




Generator Fuel 3 2000 50 0.98 2.9

Total 8.2

Figure 22. Risk Assessment for the City of Elizabeth City

41


Figure 23. Map used for numerical Risk Assessment

42


Risk Assessment Summary

The City of Elizabeth City’s water source is fourteen groundwater wells which have been assigned

a qualitative susceptibility rating of Moderate and Lower, based on a contaminant and an inherent

vulnerability ratings of Lower, Moderate, and Higher as seen in the following table in its Source

Water Assessment Program Report. The rating process is described in detail in Sections 3 and 6

of the Report. The City of Elizabeth City’s entire SWAP Report along with a wealth of other

information about water sources in North Carolina can be found on the PWS website,

http://www.ncwater.org/pws/SWAP_susceptibility_results.HTM.

Figure 23. The City of Elizabeth City’s SWAP Results Summary from April 2017 Report.

http://www.ncwater.org/pws/SWAP_susceptibility_results.HTM

43


The wells that would appear to be at the highest risk to potential contamination of all of the City of

Elizabeth City’s wells would be the Wells # 3 and #14. They received the highest score in the risk

assessment. Risk assessment of all of the wells according to their score is as follows with number

1 being highest.

1. Well # 3 – 10.7

2. Well # 14 – 10.7

3. Well # 16 – 8.2

4. Well # 1 – 7.9

5. Well # 15 – 7.4

6. Well # 8 - 5.5 (see Additional Risk Assessment p. 38)

7. Well # 9 – 5.1 (see Additional Risk Assessment p. 38)

8. Well # 4 – 4.6

9. Well # 13 – 3.9

10. Well # 10 – 2.5

11. Well # 11 – 2.1

12. Well # 2 – 1.5

13. Well # 5 - 1.1 (see Additional Risk Assessment p. 38)

14. Well # 7 – 0.6 (see Additional Risk Assessment p. 38)

44


Management of the Wellhead Protection Area

There are two methods of managing a Wellhead Protection Area. They are regulatory and non-

regulatory. The City of Elizabeth City has chosen a non-regulatory approach to manage its

wellhead protection area, which will include the following:

A Wellhead Protection Brochure and/or newsletter will be delivered to each resident, business,

agricultural operation and industry within the Wellhead Protection Area. Copies of this brochure

will be made available at the City Hall, Public Library, and other locations deemed necessary for

public education on Wellhead Protection. Distribution of a brochure to all residents within the

WHPA will be considered, possibly by mailing a copy in each water bill. In general, the brochure

and/or newsletter will convey to each citizen/business the following information:

• An explanation of what ground water is and the number of wells in their particular

system

• An explanation of the Wellhead Protection Program.

• Sources of ground-water pollution

• Tips on protecting their water supply

• Information on proper disposal of household hazardous wastes and oils (i.e., not disposed

of through septic systems, pouring on ground, or through regular garbage collection)

• Information on proper use of fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides

• Information on household hazardous waste collection opportunities

• Information on proper maintenance of heating oil tanks and septic systems

• Phone numbers to contact for more information

The City of Elizabeth City will provide information to each business, industry, and farm located

within the WHPA on waste handling practices, best management practices, standard operating

procedures, and waste oil disposal methods which could be employed to reduce the potential for

ground water contamination. The City of Elizabeth City will also provide information regarding

the North Carolina Division of Environmental Assistance and Customer Service (DEACS) to each

business, industry, and farm located within the WHPA. Owners/operators of potential

contamination sources will be encouraged to contact the DEACS. The DEACS provides free

technical and other non-regulatory assistance to reduce the amount of waste released into the air

and water and on the land. The DEACS serves as a central repository for waste reduction and

pollution prevention information. The DEACS emphasizes waste reduction through pollution

prevention, encourages companies and government agencies to go beyond compliance, and

provides information about the environmental permitting process. This information is provided at

no charge to North Carolina businesses, industries, government agencies, and the general public

upon request. For additional information, the DEACS may be contacted at 1-877-623-6748 or to

report an environmental emergency, call 1-800-858-0368. Their website is

http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/deao/.

Personnel at the City of Elizabeth City will be educated on Wellhead Protection and steps they can

take to reduce the potential for contamination (e.g., information about best management practices,

standard operating procedures, waste handling practices, etc.). The City of Elizabeth City will also

contact the North Carolina Division of Environmental Assistance and Customer Service (DEACS)

to investigate steps that the City can take to reduce the amount of waste released into the air and

water and on the land at City owned and/or managed facilities.

http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/deao/

45


Owners of improperly constructed/abandoned wells identified within the WHPAs will be provided

information regarding the threat posed to the water supply by these wells. Owners of improperly

constructed/abandoned wells will be encouraged to have these wells properly abandoned in

accordance with N.C.’s well construction standards found at 15A NCAC 2C.0100, “Criteria and

Standards Applicable to Water Supply and Certain Other Wells”. If information exists that a well

is improperly constructed or is contributing to the contamination of groundwater, The City of

Elizabeth City will notify the Groundwater Protection Section of the Department of Environmental

Quality.

Underground Storage Tanks

The City of Elizabeth City will notify any individual, industry, business, or government agency

installing or planning to install a regulated underground storage tank within the City’s wellhead

protection area of the following regulation:

North Carolina Underground Storage Tank (UST) Regulation 15A NCAC 2N .0301

stipulates specific siting and secondary containment requirements for UST systems

installed after January 1, 1991. The rule is summarized as follows:

(1) No UST system may be installed within 100 feet of a public water supply well or within

50 feet of any other well used for human consumption.

(2) Secondary containment is required for UST systems within 500 feet of a well serving a

public water supply or within 100 feet of any other well used for human consumption.

Violations of this regulation will be reported to the Division of Waste Management,

Underground Storage Tank Section. The UST Section will also be notified of the location

of the facility within the WHPA and its proximity to a public water supply well or any

other well used for human consumption.

A regulated UST system is any underground storage tank and associated piping that contains

petroleum (including gasoline, diesel and used oil) or a hazardous substance as defined by the State

rules (15A NCAC 2N). Tanks containing heating oil for use on the premises where stored are not

regulated.

All owners/operators of regulated underground storage tanks (USTs) and other facilities subject to

federal and/or state regulations located within the WHPA will be requested to supply

documentation that their facility is in compliance with said regulations. Operators of UST’s will

be asked to supply the City with a copy of their UST permit. If any UST sites are found to be non-

compliant, the Underground Storage Tank Section of the State Division of Waste Management will

be notified.

If an abandoned UST site is found, the City will contact the North Carolina Division of Waste

Management, UST Section, to determine if a closure report was submitted demonstrating that no

soil or groundwater contamination was identified during the removal of UST’s. If a closure report

was not submitted, the City of Elizabeth City will notify the UST Section of the location of the

facility within the WHPA and its proximity to a public water supply well.

For soil or ground-water contamination incidents occurring within the WHPA, the City of Elizabeth

City will contact the State agencies with oversight responsibilities for remediation to determine if

remediation efforts are proceeding in a timely fashion and in accordance with any schedules

established by these agencies. Through this process, the City will bring to the attention of the State

agencies with oversight responsibilities for remediation any failures by the responsible parties to

comply with required monitoring and corrective action. The City of Elizabeth City will also notify

46


the State agencies with oversight responsibilities for remediation of the location of the facilities

within the WHPA and their proximity to a public water supply well. The City of Elizabeth City

will also contact the State agencies with oversight responsibilities for the contamination incidents

and notify them of the locations of any sites issued notices of “No-Further Action” occurring within

the WHPAs and will request a review of this assessment.

Solid Waste

The NC Solid Waste Program regulates safe management of solid waste through guidance,

technical assistance, regulations, permitting, environmental monitoring, compliance evaluation and

enforcement. Information about landfill regulations can be found on their website.

http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/sw

The NC Division of Environmental Assistance and Customer Service (DEACS) website also

provides information about items that are banned from landfills.

http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/deao/recycling/banned-materials

Elizabeth City’s website has extensive information about how to recycle or dispose of various types

of wastes at Pasquotank County Convenience Centers.

https://www.cityofec.com/index.asp?SEC=1FEFA95E-345A-473C-AB16-

01D1CA1E6873&Type=B_BASIC Used motor oil is accepted at the County convenience centers.

Pasquotank County Solid Waste can be contacted at 252-335-4105 for additional information about

waste disposal. More information is in the Appendix. As of this writing the County is in the

process of updating the Solid Waste Section of its website. The County does not have a Household

Hazardous Waste Collection Day at this time, however the Pasquotank County Cooperative

Extension holds an annual pesticide collection day. They can be reached at 252 - 338 – 3954 for

more information. The nearest location that sponsors a household hazardous waste collection day

would be Currituck County https://co.currituck.nc.us/uncategorized/annual-household-hazardous-

waste-collection/. The City of Elizabeth City will consider cooperating with Pasquotank County

to organize a household hazardous waste collection day for City and County residents.

Septic Tanks and Heating Oil Tanks

All farms, residents, businesses, and industries in the WHPA with septic tanks and home heating

oil tanks will be distributed a copy of the Wellhead Protection Brochure and any other information

the City of Elizabeth City can obtain from County and/or State agencies on proper septic tank and

heating oil tank maintenance.

Automotive Repair/Salvage

Any automotive repair/salvage business in the Wellhead protection area currently, and any new

businesses that move into the Wellhead Protection Area that produce auto wastes (oils, acids, anti-

freeze, etc.) will be provided information on waste handling practices, best management practices,

standard operating procedures, and waste oil disposal methods which could be employed to reduce

the potential for ground water contamination. They will also be provided with information

regarding the North Carolina Division of Environmental Assistance and Customer Service

(DEACS) Owners/operators of these facilities will be encouraged to contact the DEACS.

http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/sw

http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/deao/recycling/banned-materials

https://www.cityofec.com/index.asp?SEC=1FEFA95E-345A-473C-AB16-01D1CA1E6873&Type=B_BASIC

https://www.cityofec.com/index.asp?SEC=1FEFA95E-345A-473C-AB16-01D1CA1E6873&Type=B_BASIC

https://co.currituck.nc.us/uncategorized/annual-household-hazardous-waste-collection/

https://co.currituck.nc.us/uncategorized/annual-household-hazardous-waste-collection/

47


Above Ground Storage Tanks

Owners of above ground storage tanks (ASTs) containing oil with a volume greater than 660

gallons or a combination of ASTs with an aggregate volume greater than 1320 gallons are subject

to the Oil Pollution Prevention regulations contained in Federal Regulations found at 40 CFR 112.

In most cases, these facilities must prepare and implement a Spill Prevention Control and

Countermeasures (SPCC) Plan. The City of Elizabeth City will verify the compliance status with

regard to this regulation of each subject AST located within the WHPAs. Facilities with subject

ASTs found not to be in compliance with this regulation will be notified of their regulatory

responsibility under this regulation.

Wastewater Treatment

The City of Elizabeth City and Pasquotank County inspect their wastewater lift stations daily. The

wastewater collection system is inspected daily also.

Agricultural Operations/Nurseries

The City of Elizabeth City will contact all agricultural/nursery operations within the WHPA with pesticide

storage or otherwise involved with the application of pesticides to ensure that they are pesticide operators

licensed by the State of North Carolina and that proper records are maintained to ensure that all NC Pesticide

Laws are adhered to. The City of Elizabeth City will provide information to these facilities or agricultural

operations on waste handling practices, best management practices, standard operating procedures, and

proper waste disposal methods which could be employed to reduce the potential for ground water

contamination. These facilities will also be provided with information regarding the North Carolina Division

of Environmental Assistance and Customer Service (DEACS).

The City will also coordinate with the Pesticide Disposal Assistance Program (PDAP) to provide information

about proper disposal of pesticides. The PDAP is a consumer services program in the North Carolina

Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. The PDAP, part of the Structural Pest Control and

Pesticides Division, is a NON-REGULATORY program that provides cost-free assistance to farmers and

homeowners. The goal of the Pesticide Disposal Assistance Program is to assist these citizens of North

Carolina by managing and supervising the safe collection and lawful disposal of banned, out-dated, or

unwanted pesticides. Additional information about the PDAP along with the current collection schedule can

be located at: http://www.ncagr.gov/SPCAP/pesticides/pdap/

Water Treatment Plant

The City of Elizabeth City’s Water Treatment plant will continue to adhere to the conditions set forth in their

Evaporation/Infiltration Lagoon and Surface Disposal of Residual Solids permit. Records regarding

groundwater monitoring and laboratory analysis will be properly maintained and submitted according to their

required annual reporting schedule. Noncompliance with the permit requirements or any occurrence with

the surface disposal program resulting in wastes that are abnormal in quantity or characteristic will be

reported as soon as possible, but in no case more than 24 hours or on the next working day following the

occurrence or first knowledge of the occurrence to the Washington, NC Regional Office, 252-946-6481.

Emergency Generators and Fuel Storage at Wellsites

The City of Elizabeth City will ensure that standard tank filling practices are followed when filling storage

tanks to prevent spills and overfills. They will also routinely monitor ASTs to ensure they are not leaking.

Areas to inspect will include tank foundations, connections, coatings, tank walls, and the piping system.

Integrity testing should be done periodically by a qualified professional and in accordance to applicable

standards. See also Above Ground Storage Tank management strategy this page.

http://www.ncagr.gov/SPCAP/pesticides/pdap/

48


Best Management Practices

EPA/Watershed Academy list of Source Water Protection: Best Management Practices and

Other Measures for Protecting Drinking Water Supplies may be found at:

https://cfpub.epa.gov/watertrain/pdf/swpbmp.pdf

Best management practices data sheets relevant to potential contaminant sources within Elizabeth

City’s Wellhead Protection area have been shared with the Wellhead Protection Committee to be

distributed as they deem necessary.

Those BMP Fact Sheets address:

Above Ground Storage Tanks

Agricultural Fertilizer

Chemical Users

Highway Deicing

Large and Small-Scale Pesticide Usage

Auto Salvage

Septic Systems

Stormwater

Turfgrass Fertilizer

Underground Storage Tanks

Vehicle Washing

https://cfpub.epa.gov/watertrain/pdf/swpbmp.pdf

49


Emergency Contingency Plan

The primary person responsible for implementing the emergency contingency plan is the Assistant

Public Utilities Director. The back-up person responsible for implementation is the Water

Treatment Plant Supervisor.

Should a major oil or chemical spill occur within the Wellhead Protection Area, appropriate

emergency agencies would be notified. The first of these would include the Pasquotank County

Fire Department and the Pasquotank/Camden/Elizabeth City Emergency Coordinator.

Pasquotank County Fire Department

911

Pasquotank/Camden/Elizabeth City Emergency Coordinator

252-335-4444

If power is lost to the wells there are several emergency generators to supply power to the wells:

Wells 1 & 2 – Well Field Complex (811 Wellfield Road) – 455KW

Wells 3 & 9 – Wellfield Road – 55KW

Well 4 - Wellfield Road - 55KW

Well 8 – Wellfield Road - 50KW

Well 13 – Wellfield Road – 40KW




If evidence exists indicating that a well is contaminated, it will immediately be taken off line and

not returned to service until it is determined that water quality from the impacted well is in

compliance with standards governing public water supplies. Additionally, tests would be

conducted to determine if the contamination was present in the combined source water. Depending

on results, the City will take each of the following steps to raise awareness as necessary. If one of

Elizabeth City's well were to become contaminated, residents would be notified by radio, television,

newspaper, door-to-door and by telephone not to drink the water until further notice. The regional

office of the Public Water Supply Section would be notified immediately of the situation and asked

for assistance. Sampling (i.e. bacteriological, VOCs, SOCs, etc.) would begin to determine the

contaminant involved and the extent of contamination. A systematic flushing of the distribution

system would begin with follow-up sampling conducted as needed until the system was determined

to be free of contamination and in compliance with standards governing public water supplies.

After consultation with the Public Water Supply Section, residents would be notified that Elizabeth

City’s water was once again safe for consumption.

Short Term Contingency Plan – The City of Elizabeth City has the capacity to store

approximately 9.5 million gallons of water in seven storage tanks. It uses an average of 1.65 million

gallons per day so if tanks were filled to capacity, they would have water for approximately 6.75

days should an emergency occur where they could not use their wells.

50


Long Term Contingency Plan - The City of Elizabeth City is connected to Pasquotank and

Camden County’s water supply and in the case of a disruption can supply water to or be supplied

water by switching a valve for the long-term until the cause of the disruption can be corrected and

safe water can be delivered to the City’s customers (i.e. contamination remediated or a new well

site can be acquired and a new well brought into service).

51


Emergency Contact Numbers and Additional Resources:

Name Resource

Primary person responsible for implementing

emergency contingency plan

Name & Position:

Amanda Boone

Assistant Public Works Director

Office: 252-335-2196

Cell: 252-340-1128

Emergency Response

Secondary Person

Name & Position:

Travis Tucker

WTP Superintendent

Office: 252-335-2196

Cell: 252-340-1484

Home: 540-327-3258

Local Resources:

Pasquotank County Emergency Management

252-335-4444

NC Department of Environment & Natural

Resources,

Washington Regional Office

943 Washington Square Mall

Washington, NC 27889

Phone: 252-946-6481

Fax: 252-975-3716

Regional Water Quality Section, Public Water

Supply Section, UST Section, Aquifer

Protection Section, Hazardous Waste Section

Spills, Regulatory information and technical

assistance

Groundwater Incidents

Department of Transportation

District Traffic Engineer

Mr. Michael Poe


Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1561

Local Office – 828-265-5380

Emergency spill notification

Army National Guard

600 Westover Street


Phone: 252 - 335-5780

Emergencies, as available:

Generators, 400-gallon water trailers, bottled

water, transportation

NC Rural Water Association

Post Office Box 590

Welcome, NC 27374

336-731-6963

Technical assistance

Education

North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service

Campus Box 7602

North Carolina State University


919-515-2811

www..bae.ncsu.edu

Educational brochures, publications

https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1&q=national+guard+north+carolina+phone&ludocid=5637441722665928176&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiz6IDPgcDcAhVj7IMKHWR7DnUQ6BMwEnoECAsQJw

52


Name Resource

US EPA Regional Office

AST/SPCC Program

Region IV

61 Forsyth Street

Atlanta, GA 30365-3415

404-562-8761

www.epa.gov/oilspill

Above ground storage tank information

US EPA Regional Office

GW & UIC Section

Region IV

Atlanta Federal Center

61 Forsythe St.

Atlanta, GA 30303-8960

www.epa.gov

Educational brochures, publications

Division of Environmental Assistance and

Customer Service (DEACS)



1 877-623-6748

Emergency 1-800-858-0368

http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/deao/

Technical and non-regulatory assistance to

reduce waste

National Small Flows Clearinghouse

West Virginia University

Post Office Box 6064

Morganton, WV 26506-6064

800-624-8301

http://www.nesc.wvu.edu/sitemap.cfm

Pamphlets, brochures, training aids

53


Public Participation

The City of Elizabeth City will request a call for Public Hearing at their City Council meeting on

Monday, August 27, 2018. They will post a notice in the local newspaper notifying the public

about the development of their Wellhead Protection Plan (WHPP), and the Public Hearing. They

will also post a draft copy of their WHPP their website until the next Council meeting to be held

on September 10, 2018. The public will be invited to review a draft copy of the plan and make

comments. Any comments received and considered to be beneficial will be incorporated into the

final copy of the WHPP. Documentation of public notification and hearing will be filed with this

Plan, along with a copy of the Authority Letter referring to this edited version of the WHPP and

dated August 24, 2018 that will be executed at the September 10, 2018 Council meeting.

New Public Water Supply Wells

The City of Elizabeth City will amend its Wellhead Protection Plan to include any new well(s)

added to its water system. The following steps will be taken to address any new wells added to

the water system.

1. Develop a preliminary WHPA for the proposed well in order to determine the area of

vulnerability.

2. Develop a contaminant source inventory for the preliminary WHPA.

3. Submit the information obtained in items 1 and 2 above to the WPC committee identified

in Section 1. Any information required by the Public Water Supply Section (PWSS)

relating to the development and construction of new public water supply (PWS) wells

must also be submitted.

4. If the WPC committee grants provisional approval of the proposed WHP Plan and the

PWSS grants approval to construct or expand the PWS well or well system, then work

may proceed with well construction.

5. Finalize the WHPA delineation for the new well.

6. Finalize the contaminant source inventory for the WHPA.

7. Submit finalized WHPA and contaminant source inventory to the WPC committee.

8. Once approval is received, implement any necessary regulatory and or non-regulatory

potential source management practices.

9. Submit the amended WHP Plan and all necessary supporting information to the PWSS

for review and approval.

Future Wellhead Protection

The City of Elizabeth City is aware that an effective local Wellhead Protection (WHP) Program is

an ongoing process requiring monitoring of the Wellhead Protection Area (WHPA) and periodic

review and updating of an approved WHP Plan. Therefore, the City of Elizabeth City’s WHP

Committee will monitor the WHPA for any new or previously unidentified potential contaminant

sources (PCSs) and activities occurring within the approved WHPAs. The City will amend the

PCS inventory and other Plan components (e.g. the management strategies, emergency contingency

plan, etc.) as necessary to incorporate any new threats to the City’s ground-water source of drinking

water. Additionally, the PCS inventory will be updated annually using the same procedures used

to develop the original PCS inventory. The City of Elizabeth City will also fully update the WHP

Plan every five years or at any time a new well is constructed for use with the City’s water supply

system or a major land use change occurs within a WHPA. The individual responsible for

54


implementation of the WHP Plan will submit notification to the Public Water Supply Section

annually upon completion of the PCS inventory update or immediately following the completion

of a major revision. Any amended or revised sections of the approved WHP Plan resulting from

an update or revision will also be submitted upon completion.

55


References

North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental

Health, Public Water Supply Section, The North Carolina Wellhead Protection Guidebook,

Developing a Local Wellhead Protection Program, 2003

NC Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Resources, Washington Regional

Office, 943 Washington Square Mall, Washington, NC 27889, Phone: 252-946-6481, Fax: 252-

975-3716

Pasquotank County’s website https://www.pasquotankcountync.org/

Elizabeth City’s website https://www.cityofec.com/

https://www.pasquotankcountync.org/

https://www.cityofec.com/

56


Appendix Well Information

SDWIS Data

WTP Residuals Storage Facility Permit WQ0014808

SWAP Database Information

PCS Risk Assessment

DEACS Information

Pasquotank County Landfill Information

57


Well_Num

FlowGPM

DepthFT

DiameterINStaticLvl

PumpingLvlScreens

AUXPower

PumpHP

PumpCap

PumpIntakeCasingD

ptDate_DrillF2016AvgFl

1300

117

842

49

98-101

Yes

10

300

65

60

1964

310

2200

113

843

57

57-87

Yes

7.5

250

65

65

1966

256

3400

110

10

31

50

94-120

Yes

30

500

93

60

1967

380

4380

140

10

43

79

94-119

Yes

20

350

95

80

1971

329

550

103

829

42

78-98

580

103

1999

50

7100

94

612

48

56-66

7.5

100

80

28

1981

124

8400

126

837

50

90-110

Yes

15

330

44

115

1996

333

9200

117

856

69

97-107

Yes

10

44

112

1993

188

10375

130

847

58

85-110

20

350

47

115

1996

433

11125

126

814

36

50-65

15

125

63

111

1998

125

13150

105

834

42

65-100

Yes

20

60

67.2

2010

OOS

14485

118

844

62

93-113

Yes

30

89

95.5

2010

485

15250

110

824

43

70-105

Yes

15

66

72

2010

200

16300

113

824

44

68-108

Yes

15

64

70.2

2010

250

58


59


60


61


62


63


64


65


66


67


68


69


70


71


72


73


74


75


76


77


78


79


80


81


82


83


84


85


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91


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95


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98


99


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102


103


104


105


Databases used in the Source Water Assessment Program (SWAP) and Searched

during the PCS inventory

Potential Contaminant Source Data

To maintain a common basis for assessing sources of public drinking water in North Carolina,

only regulatory agency databases with state-wide coverage were used to develop the inventory of

Potential Contaminant Sources (PCSs). Within these databases, only those PCSs with available

location data could be used. It is recognized that some problems exist with respect to the

accuracy, reliability, quality and completeness of the data obtained from regulatory agency

databases.

Considering fiscal and schedule constraints, the North Carolina Public Water Supply Section and

the Technical Advisory Committee determined that the assessments for approximately 6,000

sources of drinking water must be based on established statewide data. Also, it was determined

that analysis of the data and creation of the assessment reports would need to be an automated

process utilizing a Geographic Information System (GIS). Therefore, it must be recognized that

the assessment results are based on limited data and analysis techniques.

Potential Contamination Source Information

All PCS datasets are provided to Public Water Supply "as is". Therefore the accuracy of the

location data is unverified. The Public Water Supply Section makes no claim or guarantee of

data quality, correctness, completeness or validity and does not warranty or assure this data in any

way. Unless otherwise noted, all data containing latitude and longitude in decimal degrees was

included in the assessments. Records that do not have location information are not used. A GIS

shapefile is created using the latitude and longitude in decimal degrees. Each record is checked

to determine if the plotted location of the record matched with the value given in the county field

for the record. Any record that does not have a matching county location is not included in the

assessments.

Animal Operations

This database contains permitted facilities for animal operations consisting of swine, cattle,

poultry and horse farms that are required to have Certified Animal Waste Management Plans

(CAWMP). Animal operations are defined by General Statute 143-215.10B as feedlots involving

more than 250 swine, 100 confined cattle, 75 horses, 1,000 sheep, or 30,000 poultry with a liquid

waste management system.

Division of Water Resources (DWR) rules mandate that all facilities in operation prior to January

1, 1994 register with the division. Since January 1, 1994 any new facilities were required to

obtain a CAWMP before starting their animal operation. In addition, any facilities in operation

prior to January 1, 1994 were required to obtain a CAWMP by December 31, 1997. As of January

1, 1997 all new facilities were required to obtain a permit from DWR prior to construction and be

certified prior to startup, and all existing facilities were to be permitted by DWR over the next 5

years.

106


Data was obtained from the Division of Water Resources, Regional Operations Section, Animal

Feeding Operations Branch in January of 2015. For additional information about this data,

contact the Animal Feeding Operations staff by phone at 919-807-6464 or click here

http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/water-resources-permits/wastewater-

branch/animal-feeding-operation-permits/afo-program-summary to visit their web site.

CERCLIS Sites

The Superfund program was created by the Comprehensive Environmental Response,

Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), and amended by the Superfund Amendments and

Reauthorization Act. The acts established authority for the government to respond to the

release/threat of release of hazardous wastes, including cleanup and enforcement actions. The

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Information System

(CERCLIS) is a database used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to track activities

conducted under its Superfund program. CERCLIS contains data on potentially hazardous waste

sites that have been reported to the EPA. Sites investigated because of a potential for releasing

hazardous substances into the environment are added to the CERCLIS inventory. EPA learns of

these sites through notification by the owner, citizen complaints, state and local government

identification, and investigations by EPA programs other than Superfund.

Data was obtained from the Division of Waste Management, Superfund Section in December of

2013. For additional information about this data, contact the Superfund Section by phone at 919-

707-8329 or click here https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/waste-management/superfund-

section/federal-remediation-branch to visit their web site.

National Priority List Sites

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA),

amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act, created the Superfund

program. The acts established authority for the government to respond to the release/threat of

release of hazardous wastes, including cleanup and enforcement actions. Long-term cleanups at

National Priority List (NPL) sites last more than a year while short term /emergency cleanups are

usually completed in less than a year. Sites are listed on the NPL upon completion of a Hazard

Ranking System (HRS) screening, public solicitation of comments about the proposed site, and

after all comments have been addressed. Section 105(a)(8)(B) of CERCLA, as amended, requires

that the statutory criteria provided by the HRS be used to prepare a list of national priorities

among the known releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances, pollutants, or

contaminants throughout the United States. This list, which is Appendix B of the National

Contingency Plan, is the NPL.

The identification of a site for the NPL is intended to guide EPA in determining which sites

warrant further investigation to assess the nature and extent of the human health and

environmental risks associated with a site, identifying what CERCLA-financed remedial actions

may be appropriate, notifying the public of sites EPA believes warrant further investigation; and

serving notice to potentially responsible parties that EPA may initiate CERCLA-financed

remedial action. Inclusion of a site on the NPL does not in itself reflect a judgment of the

activities of its owner or operator, it does not require those persons to undertake any action, nor

does it assign liability to any person. The NPL serves primarily informational purposes,

identifying for the States and the public those sites or other releases that appear to warrant

remedial actions.

http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/water-resources-permits/wastewater-branch/animal-feeding-operation-permits/afo-program-summary

http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/water-resources-permits/wastewater-branch/animal-feeding-operation-permits/afo-program-summary

https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/waste-management/superfund-section/federal-remediation-branch

https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/waste-management/superfund-section/federal-remediation-branch

107


Data was obtained from the U.S. EPA, Region 4 Superfund Program in January of 2015. For

additional information about this data, contact the program by phone at 404-562-9634 or click

here https://www.epa.gov/superfund/search-superfund-sites-where-you-live to visit their web site.

Non-Discharge Permits

The non-discharge database identifies industrial and municipal facilities that are permitted to

operate any sewer system, treatment works, disposal system, petroleum contaminated soil

treatment system, animal waste management system, storm water management system or residual

disposal/utilization system which does not discharge to surface waters of the state, including

systems which discharge waste onto or below land surface.

Data was obtained from the Division of Water Resources, Water Quality Permitting Section,

Non-Discharge Permitting Unit in January of 2015. For additional information about this data,

contact the unit staff by phone at 919-807-6453 or click

here http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/water-resources-permits/wastewater-

branch/non-discharge-permitting to visit their web site.

NPDES Permits

The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) database identifies facilities

permitted for the operation of point source discharges to surface waters in accordance with the

requirements of Section 402 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. Point sources are

discrete conveyances such as pipes or man-made ditches. Industrial, municipal, and other

facilities must obtain permits if their discharges go directly to surface waters. The NPDES permit

program controls water pollution by regulating point sources that discharge pollutants into public

waters.

Data was obtained from the Division of Water Resources, Water Quality Permitting Section,

NPDES Wastewater Permitting and Compliance Program in June of 2015. For additional

information about this data, contact the program staff by phone at 919-807-6300 or click here

http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/water-resources-permits/wastewater-

branch/npdes-wastewater-permits to visit their web site.

Old Landfill Sites

Locations of non-permitted landfills that closed prior to January 1, 1983, when waste disposal

permitting regulations commenced. These sites are not currently in operation.

Data was obtained from the Division of Waste Management, Superfund Section, Inactive

Hazardous Sites Branch (IHSB) in January of 2015. For additional information about this data,

contact the Division of Waste Management staff by phone at 919-707-8200 or click here

http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/sf/ihs/ihsoldlf to visit their web site. Since 2000 the IHSB has

conducted a geographic inventory of the old landfills in 46 counties throughout North

Carolina. Although they are working to inventory the old landfill sites statewide, the geographic

locations of these sites in the remaining counties are much less reliable. You may contact the

IHSB for a list of the 46 counties.

PCB Sites

This database identifies generators, transporters, commercial storers and/or brokers and disposers

of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). Concern over the toxicity and persistence in the

environment of PCBs resulted in the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) that prohibited the

https://www.epa.gov/superfund/search-superfund-sites-where-you-live

http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/water-resources-permits/wastewater-branch/non-discharge-permitting

http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/water-resources-permits/wastewater-branch/non-discharge-permitting

http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/water-resources-permits/wastewater-branch/npdes-wastewater-permits

http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/water-resources-permits/wastewater-branch/npdes-wastewater-permits

http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/sf/ihs/ihsoldlf

108


manufacture, processing, and distribution in commerce of PCBs. Thus, TSCA legislated true

"cradle to grave" (i.e., from manufacture to disposal) management of PCBs in the United

States. PCBs are mixtures of synthetic organic chemicals with the same basic chemical structure

and similar physical properties ranging from oily liquids to waxy solids. Due to their non-

flammability, chemical stability, high boiling point and electrical insulating properties, PCBs

were used in hundreds of industrial and commercial applications including electrical, heat

transfer, and hydraulic equipment, plastics and rubber and many other applications.

Data was obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention

and Toxics in March of 2015. For additional information about this data, contact the PCB staff at

404-562-8512 or click here: https://www.epa.gov/pcbs/learn-about-polychlorinated-biphenyls-

pcbs to visit their web site.

This data was processed additionally in the following manner:

Each record that contained a physical address that could be address matched using the

Geographic Data Technology address database was included in the assessments. Public Water

Supply Section staff performed the address matching.

Pollution Incidents

This database contains information regarding the release of pollutants into the environment that

have or are likely to have, impact on the ground water resources of the State. The initial

information regarding these releases is usually obtained from concerned citizens or responsible

parties, who report a release to the Department of Environmental Quality. After an incident is

reported, regional office staff investigate the reported incident and enter the results of their

investigation into a statewide database. This database contains an inventory of reported incidents

from leaking underground storage tanks and sites contaminated with dry cleaning

solvents. Substances released into the environment include gasoline and solvents used in the dry

cleaning process.

There are two main sources for this data. The Division of Waste Management, Underground

Storage Tank Section provided information on the pollution incidents that resulted from a leaking

underground storage tank. The Division of Waste Management, Dry-cleaning Solvent Cleanup

Act Program provided information on their sites. In January 2015, data was obtained from the

Underground Storage Tank Section. For additional information about this data, contact the UST

section staff by phone at 919-707-8171 or click here http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/ust to visit

their web site. In January of 2015, data was obtained from the Division of Waste Management,

Dry-cleaning Solvent Cleanup Act Program. For Additional information contact the staff by

phone at 919-707-8369 or visit their web site at http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/dsca

RCRA Hazardous Waste Generators/Transporters

This database has records for all hazardous waste generators and transporters as defined by the

Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA). Hazardous waste as defined by RCRA is waste

material that exhibits ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity. Chemical, metal, and

furniture manufacturing are some examples of processes that create hazardous waste. RCRA

tightly regulates all hazardous waste from "cradle to grave" (i.e., from manufacture to disposal).

Data was obtained from the Division of Waste Management, Hazardous Waste Section in January

of 2015. For additional information about this data, contact the Hazardous Waste Section staff by

phone at 919-707-8200 or click here http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/waste-management/waste-

management-rules/hazardous-waste-rules to visit the web site.

https://www.epa.gov/pcbs/learn-about-polychlorinated-biphenyls-pcbs

https://www.epa.gov/pcbs/learn-about-polychlorinated-biphenyls-pcbs

http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/ust

http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/dsca

http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/waste-management/waste-management-rules/hazardous-waste-rules

http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/waste-management/waste-management-rules/hazardous-waste-rules

109


RCRA TSD Sites

Treatment/Storage/Disposal (TSD) sites are facilities that are engaged in the activities of the

treatment, storage, or disposal of hazardous waste. Under the RCRA, TSD activity can occur

only at facilities that received or stored hazardous waste after November 19, 1980, the effective

date of the RCRA regulations.

Data was obtained from the Division of Waste Management in January of 2015. For additional

information about this data, contact Hazardous Waste Section staff by phone at 919-707-8202 or

click here http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/waste-management/waste-management-

permits/hazardous-waste-section-permits to visit their web site.

Septage Disposal Sites

This database contains information on permitted, dedicated sites where septage is land

applied. The Septage Management Program assures that septage (a fluid mixture of untreated and

partially treated sewage solids, liquids and sludge of human or domestic origin that is removed

from a septic tank system) is managed in a responsible, safe and consistent manner across the

state.

Data was obtained from the Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section in January of

2015. For additional information about this data, contact the Septage Management Program staff

by phone at 919-707-8280 or click here https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/waste-

management/waste-management-rules/septage to visit their website.

Soil Remediation Sites

This database contains information on permitted, dedicated sites where soil contaminated by

leaking petroleum or chemical storage tanks can be taken for bioremediation. Bioremediation is a

treatment process that uses naturally occurring microorganisms (yeast, fungi, or bacteria) to break

down, or degrade, hazardous substances. These microorganisms break down organic compounds

such as petroleum products that are hazardous to humans into harmless products, mainly carbon

dioxide and water.

Data was obtained from the Division of Waste Management, Underground Storage Tank Section,

Corrective Action Branch in January of 2015. For additional information about this data, contact

the Corrective Action Branch staff by phone at 919-707-8171 or click here

http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/waste-management/underground-storage-tanks-

section/corrective-action-branch to visit their web site.

Solid Waste Facilities

Solid waste includes garbage, construction debris, commercial refuse, sludge from water supply

or waste treatment plants, or air pollution control facilities, and other discarded materials. The

database contains an inventory of closed, unlined landfills that were primarily operated by

municipalities.

How to manage solid waste has been a problem for decades. In the early 1960s, cities and towns

across the country practiced open air burning of trash. In response, Congress passed the Solid

Waste Disposal Act in 1965 as part of the amendments to the Clean Air Act. This was the first

federal law that required environmentally sound methods for disposal of household, municipal,

commercial, and industrial waste. However, the initial design of the "sanitary" landfill fouled

ground water, soil, surface water, and air because of improper disposal methods. Engineers have

since designed new liners and leachate treatment systems to prevent environmental degradation.

Data was obtained from the North Carolina Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section

in January of 2015. For additional information about this data, contact the Solid Waste Section

http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/waste-management/waste-management-permits/hazardous-waste-section-permits

http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/waste-management/waste-management-permits/hazardous-waste-section-permits

https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/waste-management/waste-management-rules/septage

https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/waste-management/waste-management-rules/septage

http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/waste-management/underground-storage-tanks-section/corrective-action-branch

http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/waste-management/underground-storage-tanks-section/corrective-action-branch

110


staff by phone at 919-707-8200 or click here http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/waste-

management/solid-waste-section to visit their website.

Tier II Sites

This database contains an inventory of facilities that store types and amounts of hazardous

materials and are subject to the reporting requirements of SARA Title III Section 312, Emergency

Planning and Community Right to Know Act. Tier II forms require basic facility identification

information, employee contact information for both emergencies and non-emergencies, and

information about chemicals stored or used at the facility including:

- The chemical name or the common name as indicated on the MSDS;

- An estimate of the maximum amount of the chemical present at any time during the

preceding calendar year and the average daily amount;

- A brief description of the manner of storage of the chemical;

- The location of the chemical at the facility; and

- An indication of whether the owner of the facility elects to withhold location information

from disclosure to the public.

Data was obtained from the Department of Public Safety, Division of Emergency Management in

November of 2013. For additional information about this data contact the Division of Emergency

Management staff at 919-436-2746 or click here http://www.ncdps.gov/Emergency-

Management/Hazardous-Materials/EPCRA-Tier-2 to visit their website.

UIC Permits

The Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program protects groundwater quality by preventing

illegal waste disposal and by regulating the construction and operation of wells used for

injecting approved substances, aquifer recharge, and other activities. The most common types of

injection wells in North Carolina are used for:

• Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR)

• Geothermal Heating and Cooling

• In-Situ Groundwater Remediation

• Stormwater infiltration - effective May 1, 2012

Data was obtained from the Division of Water Resources, Water Quality Regional Operations

Section in January of 2015. For additional information about this data, contact the UIC Program

staff by phone at 919-807-6496 or click here https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-

resources/water-resources-permits/wastewater-branch/ground-water-protection/injection-wells to

visit their web site.

UST Permits

An underground storage tank system (UST) is a tank and any underground piping connected to

the tank that has at least 10 percent of its combined volume underground. The federal UST

regulations apply only to underground tanks and piping storing either petroleum or certain

hazardous substances. These facilities are regulated under Subtitle I of RCRA and must be

registered with the state and receive an operating permit annually. Until the mid-1980s, most

http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/waste-management/solid-waste-section

http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/waste-management/solid-waste-section

http://www.ncdps.gov/Emergency-Management/Hazardous-Materials/EPCRA-Tier-2

http://www.ncdps.gov/Emergency-Management/Hazardous-Materials/EPCRA-Tier-2

https://ncdenr.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/Approved%20Remediation%20Additives-Tracers%204-01-2016%20%282%29.xlsx

http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/water-resources-permits/wastewater-branch/ground-water-protection/aquifer-storage-recovery

http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/water-resources-permits/wastewater-branch/ground-water-protection/geothermal

http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/water-resources-permits/wastewater-branch/ground-water-protection/in-situ-groundwater-remediation

http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/water-resources-permits/wastewater-branch/ground-water-protection/stormwater-injection

https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/water-resources-permits/wastewater-branch/ground-water-protection/injection-wells

https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/water-resources-permits/wastewater-branch/ground-water-protection/injection-wells

111


USTs were made of bare steel, which is likely to corrode over time and allow UST contents to

leak into the environment. Faulty installation or inadequate operating and maintenance

procedures also can cause USTs to release their contents into the environment. The greatest

potential hazard from a leaking UST is that the petroleum or other hazardous substance can seep

into the soil and contaminate ground water. A leaking UST can also present other health and

environmental risks, including the potential for fire and explosion. The facilities shown in this

database have tanks registered with the UST Section.

Data was obtained from the Division of Waste Management, Underground Storage Tank Section

in March of 2015. For additional information about this data, contact the Underground Storage

Tank Section staff by phone at 919-707-8171 or click

here http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/waste-management/underground-storage-tanks-section to

visit their web site.

http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/waste-management/underground-storage-tanks-section

112


Potential Contamination Sources by Risk Category

Higher Risk Potential Contamination Sources for Ground Water PWS Systems

COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL AGRICULTURAL/RURAL

Automobile Body shops Farm machinery repair

Gas stations Rural machine shops

Repair shops *Intensive livestock operations; Lagoons, spray

fields

Chemical /petroleum processing/storage Fertilizer, pesticide, and petroleum

*Sewer lines storage, distribution, handling,

Utility right-of-way/pesticide use mixing, and cleaning areas

Chemical/petroleum pipelines *Sewage sludge (biosolids) storage,

Wood/pulp/paper processing and mills handling, mixing and cleaning areas

Dry cleaners *Sewage sludge (biosolids) land

Electrical/electronic manufacturing application

Fleet/trucking/bus terminals Unauthorized/illegal disposal of

Furniture repair/manufacturing wastes/chemicals

Home manufacturing

Junk/scrap/salvage yards

Machine shops

Metal plating/finishing/fabricating

Mines/sand or gravel excavations RESIDENTIAL/MUNICIPAL

Parking lots/malls (>50 spaces) Airports - maintenance/fueling areas

Photo processing/printing Railroad yards/maintenance/fueling areas

Plastics/synthetics producers Landfills/dumps

Research laboratories Utility stations - maintenance areas

*Septic systems - high density (>1/acre)

OTHER *Sewer lines

Road salt storage areas *Stormwater drains/discharges

Military installations Fertilizer, pesticide, sewage sludge

(for classified risks not

otherwise listed)

Notes: 1. This is a list of potential sources of contamination not a list of known databases of

contaminants.

2. Higher risk potential contaminant sources are considered to have a higher potential

for drinking water contamination than those designated moderate risk or lower risk Facility-

specific management practices are not taken into account in estimating risks and assigning these

categories.

3. An asterisk [*] indicates activities that may be associated with microbiological contamination.

113


Potential Contamination Sources by Risk Category (Con't)

Moderate Risk PCSs Lower Risk PCSs

COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL

Car washes Office buildings/complexes

Cement/concrete plants RV/mini storage

Food processing

Hardware/lumber/parts stores AGRICULTURAL/RURAL

Crops, non-irrigated (grains, grass seeds,

hay)

AGRICULTURAL/RURAL *Rangeland

*Auction lots Managed forests/silviculture

*Boarding stables

Crops, irrigated (berries, Christmas trees,

hops, mint, orchards, vineyards, nurseries, RESIDENTIAL/MUNICIPAL

greenhouses, vegetables, sod) Apartments and condominiums

NOTE: Drip-irrigated crops are Campgrounds/RV parks

considered lower risks. Fire stations

Drinking water treatment plant Schools

residuals/sludge application Housing – low density (< 1 house/.5

acres)

RESIDENTIAL/MUNICIPAL

Drinking water treatment plants OTHER

Golf courses Medical/dental offices/clinics

Housing - high density Veterinary offices/clinics

(>1 house/.5 acres)

Motor pools

Parks

Waste transfer/recycling stations

Wastewater treatment plants

collection stations

OTHER

Above ground storage tanks

Construction/demolition areas

Hospitals

Transportation corridors

Freeways/state highways

Railroads

Right-of-way maintenance

(herbicide use areas)

Irrigation, water supply,

or monitoring wells

SOURCE: Adapted from EPA (1993), and from the Oregon Wellhead Protection Program

114


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116


Pasquotank County Solid Waste/Recycling

Recycling saves county tax dollars, landfill space, natural resources and

energy.

Please do your part to help protect the environment.

The Pasquotank County Recycling program is pleased to announce that CARTONS are

now being accepted in the residential and municipal recycling programs! Examples of

cartons that are now recyclable include milk, juice, broth, soup, wine, etc. When

recycling cartons, please empty, rinse and recap without flattening the carton. Cartons

need to be in its three dimensional shape to be sorted at the plant.

Our recycling contractor, Bay Disposal and Recycling has been working with the Carton

Council since January 2017 to add carton sorting capability at their recyclables

processing facility. Bay has invested over $500,000 in equipment upgrades and has

added a new position for this purpose.

For more information on the The Pasquotank County Recycling program, please visit

http://www.co.pasquotank.nc.us/solidwaste.htm

Aluminum, Steel and Plastic Containers Accepted at all sites and commingled in same container. No foil paper or food

contaminated containers. No grocery bags, toys, lawn furniture or large bulky items.

Mixed Glass

All colors of glass accepted. No light bulbs.

Mixed Paper Products

Cardboard boxes, magazines, telephone books, soft and hard cover books, newspaper,

junk mail, greeting and post cards, shredded paper and paperboard. NO PIZZA BOXES

please. Remove all Styrofoam and packing materials before recycling boxes.

Wooden Pallets

All sites accept wooden pallets for recycling. Large loads of pallets should be taken to the

landfill site.

Lawn Clippings and Debris

All yard clippings, tree limbs less than 8 feet and 4 inches in diameter are accepted.

White Goods/Mixed Metal

Accepted at all sites. Old appliances like washing machines, stoves, refrigerators, air

conditioners, metal bed frames, bicycles, metal objects. Remove all food from

refrigerators and freezers before recycling.

Electronic Waste

Electronic waste is banned from NC Landfills. Electronic waste can be recycled at the

Newland and landfill sites or at the Electronic Recycling Building, 317 Pritchard St.

http://www.co.pasquotank.nc.us/solidwaste.htm

117


Open Mon-Fri from 9am to 4pm. Items accepted are computers, televisions, stereo sets,

cell phones, keyboards, radios, telephone systems, LCD monitors, CRT monitors, fax

machines, projectors, peripherals, speakers, exercise equipment, etc.

Cooking Oil

Cooking oil is now accepted at all sites in the tan colored cooking oil recycling container.

Automotive Products

Antifreeze, used motor oil, oil filters and lead acid batteries are accepted at all sites. No

cooking oil in the used motor oil container, please.

Tires

Newland and Landfill sites only. Accepted are truck and care tires from personal

vehicles. Remove tires from rims before recycling. All large tractor tires must be taken to

the landfill.

NON-RECYCLABLE WASTE ACCEPTED AT SITES

Household Garbage

All bagged garbage should be place in the compactor. No dead animals or animal waste

should be placed in these containers. No medical or hazardous waste accepted in any

container.

Bulky Waste

Large household items, carpet, foam backing, large plastic toys, mattresses and box

springs.

Construction and Debris

All household wood construction and remodeling debris, bricks and blocks. All waste and

debris from contractors and commercial establishments is prohibited. Take material to

landfill.

ITEMS NOT ACCEPTED AT SITES

Propane Gas Tanks of any size

Oil barrels

Medical Waste

Industrial Waste

Commercial Waste

Liquid & Hazardous Waste

Hot or Smoldering coals

Dead Animals

OTHER RECYCLING EFFORTS

Paint and Swap Shop

The Pasquotank Solid Waste Department has a Paint Shop at the landfill that allows

residents to place slightly used household items, dishes and books for reuse.

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Salvaging Building Material

Residents are allowed to salvage reusable construction and demolition material from the

landfill. To obtain a permit, contact the Solid Waste Dept at 335-4105.

Printer and Toner Cartridges

Used print and toner cartridges can be recycled. Some companies enclose a return label in

the boxes so that the used cartridge can be returned to them postage paid.

Eye Glasses

The Lions Club offers many drop off points for clean, unbroken eyeglasses to be reused

by others.

Crutches, wheel chairs, canes, shower chairs, etc.

The Cosmopolitan Club of Elizabeth City loans items to residents to assist them during

their recovery. To donate items, call the club at 331-1700.

Used Cars

Used or hard to sell vehicles may be donated to the National Kidney Foundation. They

will tow your car away and provide you with a tax deduction letter for the donation. Call

888-288-CARS for more information.

Composting

For information related to composting and constructing composting cages, call the NC

Cooperative Extension Service at 338-3954.

Contact

Brad Gardner, Director

email: [email protected]

The Ag Container Recycling Council (ACRC) is an industry funded not-for-profit

organization that safely collects and recycles agricultural crop protection, animal

health and specialty pest control product containers (Jugs and Drums).

www.acrecycle.org

mailto:[email protected]

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Glossary of acronyms and abbreviations

EPA-Environmental Protection Agency

WaRO – Washington Regional Office

UST-Underground Storage Tank

AST-Above ground Storage Tank

VOC-Volatile Organic Compound

SOC-Semi-volatile Organic Compound

NCDEH-North Carolina Department of Environmental Health

PWS-Public Water Supply

PWSS-Public Water Supply Section

NCDEQ-North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality

WPC-Wellhead Protection Committee

WHPP-Wellhead Protection Program or Plan

WHPA-Wellhead Protection Area

Gpm-gallons per minute

GPD-gallons per day

Ppm-parts per million

Ppb-parts per billion

CAP-Corrective Action Plan

NCRWA – North Carolina Rural Water Association

NOV-Notice of Violation

PCS-Potential Contamination Source

DWM-Division of Waste Management

NPDES-National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

SPCC-Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures

UIC-Underground Injection Control

DEACS-Division of Environmental Assistance and Customer Service

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