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welded

Welding is the joining of metals. What welding does is join metals or other materials attheir molecular level with the technology we have at the moment. I say at the momentbecause welding technology is always changing, and with so many military forces

relying on it to make their defense products, there are welding processes we are yet tohear about.

What we know about modern welding is that there are four components to a weld. Thefour components are the metals themselves, a heat source, filler material, and somekind of shield from the air. The welding process works like this. The metal gets heatedto its melting point, at the same time there is some sort of shielding from the air toprotecting it, and then a filler metal is added to the area that needs to be joinedultimately producing a single piece of metal.

Back in the day, when the bronze and iron ages began using metals more productively,

they would use a direct casting process. The casting process would be done by makinga sand mold of the piece to be added. Once the mold was made you simply put it on topof the metal piece you wanted to add a part to, and fill it with hot molten metal, afterwhich you wait for it to cool. Another way metal was joined was by putting two pieces ofmetal together and damming any open sides. Once the area was leak free you simplypoured molten metal to fill the joint.

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D e f i n i t i o n s ( 1 ) T h e f o l l o w i n g d e f i n i t i o n s a p p l y : -basic component(of a joint): Specific part of a joint that makes an identified contribution to one or more of its

structural properties.-

connection: Location at which two members are interconnected, and assembly of connection elementsand -in case of a major axis joint - the load introduction into the column web panel.-connected member: Member that is supported by the member to which it is connected.-joint: Assembly of basic components that enables members to be connected together in such a

waythat the relevant internal forces and moments can be transferred between them. A beam-to-

column jointconsists of a web panel and either one connection (single sided joint configuration)or two connections(double sided joint configuration), see figure 1.1 .-joint configuration

: Type or layout of the joint or joints in a zone within which the axes of two or more inter-connected members intersect, see figure 1.2 .-structural properties(of a joint): Its resistance to internal forces and moments in the connectedmembers, its rotational

stiffness and its rotation capacity.-uniplanar joint: In a lattice structure an uniplanar joint connects members that are situated in a single plane.J o i n t w e b p a n e l i n s h e a r c o n n e c t i o n a) Single-sided joint configurationL e f t j o i n t w e b p a n e l i n s h ea r l e f t connectionR i g h t j o i n t w e b p a n e l i n s h e a r r i g h t connectionb) Double-sided joint configurationFigure 1.1: Parts of a beam-to-column joint configuration