welcome tvr ‘s classical conditioning !!!!!. learning yes learning !
TRANSCRIPT
Welcome TVR ‘s
Classical conditioning !!!!!
Learning
YES LEARNING !
Wave Four: Behaviorism
• Behaviorism – ignored mental processes and studied only observable behavior– Believe behavior is LEARNED through conditioning or
through observation
• Classical Conditioning• Pavlov• John B. Watson
• Operant Conditioning– B.F. Skinner
• Observational Learning– Bandura
Learning• Long lasting change in a subjects behavior
brought about by repeated experiences
in that situation
Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
• Ivan Pavlov• Conducted 1st experiments
in associative learning• Most known for studies in
classical conditioning• Studied Digestion of Dogs.
– Dogs would salivate before they were given food (triggered by sounds, lights etc…)
– Dogs must have LEARNED to salivate.
Classical Conditioning• Respondent Behavior -
actions that are automatic responses to a stimulus (Involuntary)– Passive learning (learner does
not have to think)– Learning associations between
events learner does not control
• First thing you need is a unconditional relationship.
• Unconditional Stimulus (UCS)- something that elicits a natural, reflexive response.– Example
• Unconditional Response (UCR)- response to the UCS.– Example
Classical Conditioning• Next you find a neutral stimulus - something
that by itself elicits no response– Example
• You present the stimulus with the UCS a whole bunch of times.
Classical Conditioning
• After a while, the body begins to link together the neutral stimulus with the UCS.
• Acquisition – initial learning of stimulus response relationship
Classical Conditioning• Once learning takes
place…• Neutral stimulus
becomes the conditioned stimulus (CS) • Example:
• unconditioned response becomes the conditioned response (CR)• Hint: conditioned
response is always the same as the unconditioned response
• Example:
Timing Matters • Delayed Conditioning: present CS, while CS is still there,
present UCS.• Trace Conditioning: present CS, short break, then present
UCS.• Simultaneous Conditioning: CS and UCS are presented at
the same time.• Backward Conditioning: UCS is presented, then CS is
presented.
Popular Classical Conditioning Examples
Two and a half men and Pavlov’s Bar
Classical Conditioning as portrayed in The Office.
See if you can identify the UCS, UCR, CS and CR.
Classical Conditioning
• Learning exists because the CS is now linked to the UCS…again this is called ACQUISITION.• Example:
• Acquisition does not last forever
Extinction
• EXTINCTION - diminishing of a conditioned response• Occurs when CS is
no longer associated with the UCS,
• Example:
Spontaneous Recovery
• Spontaneous Recovery – the reappearance of a CR, after a pause, once it has been extinguished– Sometimes, after
extinction, the CR still randomly appears after the CS is presented.
– Occurs only after extinction has occurred
• Example
Generalization and DiscriminationGeneralization
• Something is so similar to the CS that you get a CR.
Discrimination
• Something different to the CS so you do not get a CR.
Example: Example: