Welcome to Unit 3 Seminar!

Let’s take a look at the fat soluble

vitamins

HW205 – Vitamins, Herbs and Nutritional Supplements

Instructor:Jennifer Neily, MS, RD, CSSD, LD

Registered/Licensed Dietitian

Unit 3 Learning Outcomes

Upon completion of this unit, you Upon completion of this unit, you should be able to:should be able to:

Understand the purpose and benefits Understand the purpose and benefits of fat soluble vitamins.of fat soluble vitamins.

Be able to identify Food Sources, Be able to identify Food Sources, Deficiencies, RDA/Dosage and Forms Deficiencies, RDA/Dosage and Forms of the fat soluble vitamins.of the fat soluble vitamins.

Understand the Safety/Precautions, Understand the Safety/Precautions, and Spectrum of Age Issues, for each and Spectrum of Age Issues, for each of the vitamins discussed.of the vitamins discussed.

Your Participation Tonight

When you see words or sentences When you see words or sentences in in italicsitalics please respond to them. please respond to them.

Make sure you’ve got your Make sure you’ve got your textbook and your resource books textbook and your resource books with you to answer the questions with you to answer the questions tonight!tonight!

Question to keep in mind throughout seminar

We need fat in order to We need fat in order to absorb the fat soluble absorb the fat soluble vitamins. Given this, vitamins. Given this, should we ever drink fat should we ever drink fat free or skim milk? free or skim milk?

What are vitamins?

• Organic Organic moleculesmolecules

• Essential for Essential for human survivalhuman survival

• Exist in water Exist in water and fat soluble and fat soluble formsforms

• Vulnerable to Vulnerable to destructiondestruction

Photo © AbleStock

Vitamin Classification

Fat SolubleFat Soluble• A, D, E, KA, D, E, K• Do not dissolve Do not dissolve

in waterin water• Require dietary Require dietary

fat for transport fat for transport in bloodin blood

• Excess can be Excess can be stored in fat stored in fat tissues of bodytissues of body

• Higher potential Higher potential for toxicityfor toxicity

Water SolubleWater Soluble• B complex, CB complex, C• Dissolve in waterDissolve in water• Easily Easily

transported in transported in bloodblood

• Excess is Excess is excreted in urineexcreted in urine

• Low potential for Low potential for toxicitytoxicity

How are the dietary needs for vitamins represented?

• Dietary Dietary Reference Reference Intakes (DRIs)Intakes (DRIs)– Expands the Expands the

RDARDA– Includes other Includes other

quantities quantities (EAR, AI, and (EAR, AI, and UL)UL)

Question for Class

Last week we discussed how most Last week we discussed how most Americans do not consume a diet Americans do not consume a diet that meets the RDAs. that meets the RDAs.

We also discussed how they are We also discussed how they are currently set to prevent currently set to prevent deficiencies.deficiencies.

Q: Q: If we want the RDAs to define If we want the RDAs to define “optimal” intake instead of “optimal” intake instead of deficiency prevention what are deficiency prevention what are some factors that must be some factors that must be considered?considered?

FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINSWhy is Vitamin A Important?

• Known as retinoidsKnown as retinoids• Functions:Functions:

– VisionVision– Cell differentiationCell differentiation– Immune functionImmune function

• RDA/AI:RDA/AI:– Men = 900 µg RAE Men = 900 µg RAE – Women =700 µg Women =700 µg

RAERAE– UL = 3,000 µg RAEUL = 3,000 µg RAE

Questions for Class

Spectrum of age issuesSpectrum of age issues: : At what At what stages of life does the stages of life does the conversion of beta carotene to conversion of beta carotene to vitamin A occur less efficiently?vitamin A occur less efficiently?

Food sourcesFood sources: : What are some food sources of What are some food sources of

vitamin A?vitamin A? Of beta-carotene?Of beta-carotene?

Why is Vitamin E Important?

• Also known as tocopherolAlso known as tocopherol• Functions:Functions:

– AntioxidantAntioxidant• RDA/AI (alpha-tocopherol):RDA/AI (alpha-tocopherol):

– RDA = 15 mgRDA = 15 mg– UL = 1,000 mgUL = 1,000 mg– Commonly expressed in Commonly expressed in

IUs (International Units) – IUs (International Units) – 1 mg = 1.49 IUs 1 mg = 1.49 IUs

Source: USDA

Questions for Class

Spectrum of age issuesSpectrum of age issues: : Q:Q: What What are some deficiency/spectrum of are some deficiency/spectrum of age issues related to vitamin E?age issues related to vitamin E?

Food sourcesFood sources: : Q: What are some Q: What are some good food sources of vitamin E?good food sources of vitamin E?

SupplementsSupplements: : Q: What is the best Q: What is the best form to use in supplements?form to use in supplements?

Why is Vitamin K Important?

• Also known as Also known as quinonesquinones

• Functions:Functions:– Blood clottingBlood clotting– Bone mineralizationBone mineralization

• AI:AI:– Men = 120 µgMen = 120 µg– Women = 90 µgWomen = 90 µg– UL not establishedUL not established

Source: USDA

Questions for Class

Spectrum of age issues:Spectrum of age issues: Q: Is Q: Is there an increased need for this there an increased need for this nutrient at any time in the nutrient at any time in the lifecycle?lifecycle?

Food sourcesFood sources: : Q: What are some Q: What are some good food sources of vit K?good food sources of vit K?

Can you think of anyone in Can you think of anyone in particular that needs to watch particular that needs to watch their vitamin K intake? Why?their vitamin K intake? Why?

Why is Vitamin D Important?

• ““Sunshine” vitaminSunshine” vitamin• Functions:Functions:

– Controls blood Controls blood calcium levelscalcium levels

– Bone Bone growth/developmgrowth/developmentent

• RDA/AI:RDA/AI:– AI = 5 to 15 µgAI = 5 to 15 µg– UL = 50 µgUL = 50 µg

Vitamin D

• Signs of deficiency:Signs of deficiency:– RicketsRickets– OsteoporosisOsteoporosis

• Symptoms of Symptoms of toxicity:toxicity:– HypercalcemiaHypercalcemia– Muscle weaknessMuscle weakness– Heart arrthymiasHeart arrthymias– Kidney stonesKidney stones

Source: USDA

Questions for Class

Spectrum of age issues: Spectrum of age issues: Q: Q: Name one related to vit D Name one related to vit D deficiency. deficiency.

Forms of vit D:Forms of vit D: Q: Of the 2 forms Q: Of the 2 forms of vit D, D2 and D3, which is the of vit D, D2 and D3, which is the active form?active form?

Q: What form is in inexpensive Q: What form is in inexpensive supplements?supplements?

Q: What form is added to foods?Q: What form is added to foods?

Question for Class

Q: We need fat in order Q: We need fat in order to absorb the fat soluble to absorb the fat soluble vitamins. Given this, vitamins. Given this, should we ever drink fat should we ever drink fat free or skim milk?free or skim milk?

Answer

Although it is true that we need Although it is true that we need some fat to absorb vitamin D from some fat to absorb vitamin D from our digestive system, the fat does our digestive system, the fat does not have to come from the same not have to come from the same food. As long as there is a small food. As long as there is a small amount of fat present in our amount of fat present in our digestive system, that appears to digestive system, that appears to be enough. A diet that has at least be enough. A diet that has at least 10 gm/d of fat appears to be 10 gm/d of fat appears to be sufficient (Williams, 2007). sufficient (Williams, 2007).

Summary

The fat soluble vitamins include A, D, E, The fat soluble vitamins include A, D, E, KK

They are stored in soft tissuesThey are stored in soft tissues They are organic, meaning they contain They are organic, meaning they contain

carboncarbon They require a small amount of fat to They require a small amount of fat to

be present in the digestive system for be present in the digestive system for absorptionabsorption

Know what forms to look for in quality Know what forms to look for in quality supplementssupplements

Questions for Me??

If you have questions please just ask:If you have questions please just ask: Email me at Jneily@kaplan.eduEmail me at Jneily@kaplan.edu IM me at JenniferNeilyRDIM me at JenniferNeilyRD Post to Course Questions areaPost to Course Questions area

Please always read your announcements Please always read your announcements including the unit summaries and unit including the unit summaries and unit introsintros

Late policy – please review syllabusLate policy – please review syllabus