Welcome to Deviance and Violence

Seminar 1

WelcomeCourse ExpectationsQ and A

What is Victimology ?

Victimology

The study of crime victims and their relationship to offenders and the criminal justice system.

Victimology attempts to address questions of how crime victims have been exploited, abused, neglected harmed and oppressed in various settings.

Victims Experience Loss and Injury

Physical Economic

Experience Psychological Trauma Stress Anxiety Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Fear of Crime 65% of Americans report fearing crime

because of media influence (Meadows, 2007)

21% of Americans report fearing crime because of personal experience (Meadows, 2007)

Women, Elderly, Poor, and Minorities are more fearful of crime then men. (Meadows, 2007)

Fear Victimization Paradox

Women and Elderly report higher levels of fear but are less likely to be victimized.

This Concept of who is fearful and who should be fearful of victimization is the paradox.

Sources of Data on Crime & Victimization

UCR-

NCVS-

Sources of Data on Crime & Victimization UCR- Uniform Crime Report

Enables law enforcement agencies to exchange information about reported crime

8 Index Crime- (murder, rape, arson, burglary, robbery, larceny, motor vehicle theft and assault)

Dark Figure of Crime

VICAP- Violent Criminal Apprehension Program- Nationwide data center designed to collect, collate and analyze information about crimes of violence.

Sources of Data on Crime & Victimization

NCVS- National Crime Victimization Survey Established to complement the

Recognizes incidents not reported to the police

Tries to address the Dark Figure of Crime

WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PAYING FOR THE COST OF CRIME?

Insurance Companies

Government

State Compensation Programs

Taxpayers

WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PAYING FOR THE COST OF CRIME?

WHAT ARE THE EMOTIONAL REACTIONS TO VICTIMIZATIONS?

Emotional Reactions to Victimization

PTSD- The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual states that PTSD occurs when a person has been exposed to an extreme traumatic stressor.

Three Categories of PTSD1. Intrusive2. Avoidance3. Hyperarousal

Other types of TraumaBattered Women SyndromeRape Trauma Syndrome

Hans von Hentigs- Victims shapes the criminal and the crime.

Personal factors associated with victimizationSocial

Psychological

Biological

Victimization Theory

Hans von Hentigs-

Twelve Categories of VictimsYoungFemalesElderly Mentally DefectiveImmigrants Minorities

Victimization Theory

Hans von Hentigs-

Twelve Categories of VictimsDull NormalsDepressedAcquisitiveLonesome & HeartbrokenTormentorsBlocked, Exempted, Fighting

Victimization Theory

Victimization Theory Mendelshon- some victims may unintentionally

invite their own victimization, depending on the degree of relationship with the offender Innocent Victim Victim Precipitation Crime

Sellin & Wolfgang-Address situation rather than relationship.

Victimization Theory Cultural Trappings

Victim Precipitation Theory

Broken Windows Theory

Defensible Space Theory

Routine Activity Theory

Stalking What is Stalking?

Why do some people stalk others

What are the ways one can stalk?

Ways to combat stalking?

Intimate Partner Violence Women are at greater risk

Socioeconomically disadvantage Minorities Young Urban setting Low Education

Men are at greater risk to commit IPV Unemployed

Deviance and Violence Seminar 1

Summary

Q and A

What to expect for Unit 2