Welcome to Chemistry!

Objectives

Class expectations

Review class rules

Define Chemistry

Identify reasons why we study Chemistry

Scientific Method

Class Expectations

1) Be on time; prepared with binder, pen, pencil, calculator, and reference table (you will need all of these every single day!)

2) Remain silent while I am explaining class material. There will be plenty of time for class discussions.

3) Have homework assignments prepared for discussion or submission.

4) Work! The effort you put in is directly related to your success in this class. You are responsible for your own success.

The Binder

In this class you will need a three ring binder.

You will receive a packet for every unit. That packet will consist of guided notes and worksheets. If you lose it, you will need to print a new one.

Your binder should also contain your reference tables and some paper.

Other material…

Scientific calculator. You may use your graphing calculator in class, however it will not be allowed during exams. It is not allowed during the Regents exam either.

Pen and a Pencil

Paper

Highlighters, index cards

Lab folders and test folders will stay with your teacher

Class Rules1) Show respect for everyone at all times.

2) Act appropriate at all times. Chemicals can be extremely dangerous when not handled properly. Anyone who abuses the privilege to work with chemicals will be suspended from labs.

3) Wear safety goggles at all times in the lab.

4) Bathroom rule- You may excuse yourself during lecture, however bathroom privileges are based on classroom behavior. Please notify me if you are leaving the room during lab.

What is Chemistry?

Chemistry The study of the composition, structure,

and properties of matter and the changes matter undergoes Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space. You don’t have to be able to see it and it can be living or non-living

Examples: you, desk, I-pod, cell phone, air you breathe

Chemistry affects all aspects of life and most natural events because matter is living and non-living

What are we, the Earth, and the starts

made of? Our present answer

is that there are about 100 different building blocks that explain the composition of the entire visible universe.

This is the result of thousands of years, and countless experiments.

Today we know…

So many different objects can be made from such a small amount of fundamental building blocks. (Elements)

These fundamental particles are called ATOMS.

So then what did we used to think?

The Greeks viewed matter as being composed of only four things: Fire Water Earth Air

Robert Boyle

It wasn’t until the 1600’s, when Robert Boyle identified gold and silver as themselves being elements.

They are not composed of fire, earth, air, or water.

Why Study Chemistry?

Everyone and everything around us involves chemistry

It explains our world Helps you make better, more

informed decisions Possible career in your future

(COLLEGE!!!) Used to attain a specific goal

Chemistry explains why…

Apples turn brown after cutting

Sugar dissolves faster in hot water

Adding yeast to bread dough makes it rise

People add salt to water when making pasta

Plants release oxygen

Materials

Chemists design materials to fit specific needs Velcro, perfume, steel, ceramics,

plastics, rubber, paints, nonstick utensils, fiberglass…

2 different ways to view the world Macroscopic – large enough to

see with the unaided eye Microscopic – can be seen only

under magnification

Energy

We need energy to meet the needs of our modern society The need is constantly increasing We can conserve, produce and store

energy to help meet these demands Conserve – insulation! Production – oil from soybeans to

make biodiesel Storage – rechargeable batteries

Medicines and Biotechnology

Chemistry supplies the medicines, materials, and technology that doctors use to treat their patients Penicillin, aspirin, vitamin C ,

Antacids Artery transplants, and hip

replacements Human Genome Project,

recombinant DNA technology

Agriculture

Chemists help to develop more productive crops and safer more effective ways to protect crops Disease resistant plants Insecticides Plant growth hormone Conservation of water

The Environment

Chemists help to identify pollutants and prevent pollution Pollutants need to be identified

and prevented Lead paint Drinking water Carbon dioxide Ozone Global warming

The Universe

Chemists gather data from afar and analyze matter that is brought back to Earth Composition of plants Analyze moon rocks Planets atmospheres Life on other planets?

The Scientific Method

A logical approach to solving problems or answering questions

Starts with observation Noting and recording information

and facts Hypothesis

A proposed explanation for the observation

Must be tested Developing theories

Steps in the Scientific Method

1. Observations (uses your senses) Quantitative involves numbers such

as 95 0Celsius Qualitative is a word description such

as hot Leads to questions

2. Formulating hypothesis • Possible explanation for the observed

set of facts • Educated guess

3. Performing Experiments Gather new information to help decide

whether the hypothesis is valid

Scientific Method

Controlled Experiments Designed to test the hypothesis Only two possible answers

Hypothesis is supported Hypothesis is refuted

We gather data and observations by doing the experiment

Modify the hypothesis if needed and repeat the process