welcome to biology. concepts in scientific method 1 match the word with the correct example...
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![Page 1: Welcome to Biology. Concepts in scientific method 1 Match the word with the correct example Observation Inference Generalisation Theory Law For every](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca35503460f94963cac/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Welcome to Biology
![Page 2: Welcome to Biology. Concepts in scientific method 1 Match the word with the correct example Observation Inference Generalisation Theory Law For every](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca35503460f94963cac/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Concepts in scientific method 1Match the word with the correct example
• Observation• Inference• Generalisation• Theory• Law
• For every reaction there is an equal and opposite reaction.
• The leaf is green.• All living things contain cells. All
cells come from other cells.• The leaf must contain
chlorophyll.• All plant cells contain
chloroplasts.
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Concepts in scientific method 1Match the word with the correct example
• Observation• Inference• Generalisation• Theory• Law
• For every reaction there is an equal and opposite reaction.
• The leaf is green.• All living things contain cells. All
cells come from other cells.• The leaf must contain
chlorophyll.• All plant cells contain
chloroplasts.
![Page 4: Welcome to Biology. Concepts in scientific method 1 Match the word with the correct example Observation Inference Generalisation Theory Law For every](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca35503460f94963cac/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Concepts in scientific method 2
Identify the:• Hypothesis
• Independent variable
• Dependent variable
• Control
• Variables that need to be controlled
Question: Which type of insect repellent is the most effective?Experiment: Spray sticky strips with different repellents. Leave
outside for several hours. Count the number of insects that are stuck to each strip.
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Concepts in scientific method 2
Identify the:• Hypothesis Brand X will repel less/more insects than Brand Y
• Independent variable brand/type of repellent
• Dependent variable insects stuck to strip
• Control sticky strip with no repellent
• Variables that need to be controlled – same size, shape & colour of strip, same amount of repellent, same temperature, humidity, location of strip
Question: Which type of insect repellent is the most effective?Experiment: Spray sticky strips with different repellents. Leave
outside for several hours. Count the number of insects that are stuck to each strip.
![Page 6: Welcome to Biology. Concepts in scientific method 1 Match the word with the correct example Observation Inference Generalisation Theory Law For every](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca35503460f94963cac/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Dealing with data
Collecting, displaying and analysing data
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Tables
• Key points:
Independent variable
Dependent variable(s)
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Graphs - Key points
Title
Dependent variable 3 Grid
goes on the
Vertical axis (Y) 2 Plotted points or line or curve
Use an even scale 1
and include units
0
1 2 3 4 5
Independent variable goes on the Horizontal axis (X)
Use an even scale and include units
Graph should take up 1/2 – 2/3 of the page. Allow enough space to extrapolate the next point or two.
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Types of graphs
growth of a plant
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
day
hei
gh
t (c
m)
height (cm)
types of trees in the school
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
bank
sia
bottl
ebru
sh
euca
lypt
gras
s tre
e
wattle
type of tree
nu
mb
er
numbers
fruit production in tomatoes
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 - 0.5 0.6 - 1.0 1.1 - 1.5 1.6 - 2.0
weight of fruit harvested
nu
mb
er o
f p
lan
ts
number
height and weight
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
height (m)
wei
gh
t (k
g)
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Line graphsgrowth of a plant
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
day
hei
gh
t (c
m)
height (cm)
• used to plot continuous data• used to look for relationships where one affects
the other
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Column or Bar graphs
• used to plot discontinuous data (categories)• used to show how many in each category
types of trees in the school
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
bank
sia
bottl
ebru
sh
euca
lypt
gras
s tre
e
wattle
type of tree
nu
mb
er
numbers
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Histogramsfruit production in tomatoes
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 - 0.5 0.6 - 1.0 1.1 - 1.5 1.6 - 2.0
weight of fruit harvested
nu
mb
er o
f p
lan
ts
number
• used for grouped data
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Scatter graphs
• used for look for relationships
height and weight
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
height (m)
wei
gh
t (k
g)
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Day Height (cm)
1 64
2 68
5 92
7 110
10 134
12 140
14 152
17 160
18 162
20 168
Growth of a plant
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Growth of plant
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Day
Hei
gh
t (c
m)
Height (cm)
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Birds seen at school
Galah 4Raven 7Pigeon 6Wattle bird 3Willie wagtail 1
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Birds seen at school
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Galah Raven Pigeon Wattle bird Willie wagtail
Type of bird
Nu
mb
er o
f b
ird
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Height (m) Number of
students
139 140 – 149
2 1
150 - 159 2
160 - 169 3
170 - 179 1
180 - 189 1
190 - 199 1
200 0
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Number of students of different heights
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
<139 140– 149
150 - 159 160 - 169 170 - 179 180 - 189 190 - 199 >200
Height (cm)
Nu
mb
er o
f st
ud
ents
Number of students
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Student Height (m)
Leg length
(m)
10 steps (m)
1 1.64 0.97 5.9
2 1.67 1.05 7.45
3 1.54 0.93 6.1
4 1.49 0.91 6.78
5 1.83 1.02 6.58
6 1.76 1.0 8.0
7 1.53 0.87 6.5
8 1.91 1.07 10.1
9 1.68 0.95 6.45
10 1.44 0.79 5.7
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height vs 10 steps
0
24
6
810
12
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
height
10 s
tep
s
10 steps (m)
leg length vs 10 steps
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
leg length (m)
10 s
tep
s (m
)
10 steps (m)