welcome fifth laser ife (hapl) program workshop naval research laboratory dec 5 and 6, 2002
TRANSCRIPT
WELCOME Fifth Laser IFE (HAPL) Program
Workshop
Naval Research Laboratory
Dec 5 and 6, 2002
The High Average Power Laser (HAPL) Program: A National Program to develop Laser Fusion Energy
GOVERNMENT LABS1. Naval Research Laboratory2. Lawrence Livermore Nat Lab3. Los Alamos National Laboratory4. Sandia National Laboratory5. Oak Ridge National Laboratory6. Princeton Plasma Physics Lab7. Idaho Nat Engr & Envir. Lab8. Argonne National LaboratoryINDUSTRY9. Titan -Pulse Sciences Division10. General Atomics11. Schafer Corp12. Coherent13. SAIC, Inc14. Northrup-Grumman15. Crystal Systems16. Commonwealth Technology, Inc17. Onyx CorpUNIVERSITIES18. University of CA, San Diego19. University of Wisconsin20. University of CA, Los Angeles21. University of Rochester, LLE22. University of CA, Berkeley23. Georgia Institute of Technology24. University of CA, Santa Barbara
Spherical targetElectricity Generator
Dry wall (passive) chamber
Targetfactor
y
Modular LaserArray
Final optics
A phased program to develop Laser Fusion Energy
Develop Viable: Scalable Laser Technologies Target designsTarget fab/ injFinal opticsChamber Concept
Phase I:Science and technologyStart 1999
Establish: Target physicsFull scale Laser technologyTarget Mass ProductionInjection/tracking in ChamberFinal Optics Power Plant design
Phase IIIntegrated ResearchExperiments and morestart 2006
2-3 MJ, 60 laser beam lines High gain target implosions Optimize materials & components. 300 MW electricity (burst mode)
Phase IIIEngineering TestFacilitystart 2014-16, operating 2022
Demonstrate useable electrical power from FusionIFE DEMO
POINT DESIGN
for
External Review
Lasers Phase I Goals1. Develop technologies that can meet fusion energy requirements
for efficiency (> 6%), repetition rate (5-10 Hz), and durability (> 100,000,000 shots continuous).
2. Demonstrate required laser beam quality and pulse shaping
3. Laser technologies employed must scale to reactor size laser modules and projected to have attractive costs for commercial fusion energy.
KrF Laser (Electra-NRL) DPSSL (Mercury-LLNL)
Final Optic Phase I Goals
1. Meet laser induced damage threshold (LIDT) requirements of more than 5 Joules/cm2, in large area optics.
2. Develop a credible final optics design that is resistant to degradation from neutrons, x-rays, gamma rays, debris, contamination, and energetic ions.
stiff, lightweight, cooled, neutron transparent substrate
85°Laser
UCSD
Chambers Phase I Goals1. Develop a viable first wall concept for a fusion power plant.2. Produce a viable “point design” for a fusion power plant
UCSDWisconsinSNLORNLLLNL
Long term material issues are being resolved.
Example- Ion exposures on RHEPP
0 2 4 6 8 10time (sec)
Surface temperature
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
5000 2 4 6 8 10
time (sec)
Surface1 micron5 microns10 microns100 microns
3000
2600
2200
1800
1600
1200
600
200Ch
amb
er W
all T
emp
erat
ure
(d
eg C
)
400 MJ TargetGraphite wall @ 8.25 m radius25 mTorr Xe in chamber
154 MJ TargetTungsten wall @ 6.5 m radiusNo gas in chamber
0 2 4 6 8 10time (sec)
Surface temperature
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
5000 2 4 6 8 10
time (sec)
Surface1 micron5 microns10 microns100 microns
Surface1 micron5 microns10 microns100 microns
3000
2600
2200
1800
1600
1200
600
200Ch
amb
er W
all T
emp
erat
ure
(d
eg C
)
400 MJ TargetGraphite wall @ 8.25 m radius25 mTorr Xe in chamber
154 MJ TargetTungsten wall @ 6.5 m radiusNo gas in chamber
Target Fabrication Phase I Goals1. Develop mass production methods to fabricate cryogenic
DT targets that meet the requirements of the target design codes and chamber design. Includes characterization.
2. Combine these methods with established mass production costing models to show targets cost will be less than $0.25.
Developed thin Au/Pd coatings with highDT permeability andIR reflectivity.
Establishedchemistry for foam shells
General AtomicsSchafer Corp
Targets $0.16 each from chemical process plant methodology
General Atomics
Target Injection / Tracking Phase I Goals1. Build an injector that accelerates targets to a velocity to
traverse the chamber (~6.5 m) in 16 milliseconds or less.
2. Demonstrate target tracking with sufficient accuracy for a power plant (+/- 20 microns).
TurboPumps
Gun Barrel
TargetCatcher
Target Position
Detectors
Sabot Deflector
RevolverChamber
ExpansionTanks
1. Started Construction of Gas Driven Target Injector2. Demonstrated Concept of Separable Sabot3. Determining needed properties of DT
General Atomics, LANL
Target Design Phase I Goals1. Develop credible target designs, using 2D and 3D modeling, that have
sufficient gain (> 100) + stability for fusion energy.
2. Benchmark underlying codes with experiments on Nike & Omega
3. Integrate design into needs of target fab, injection and reactor chamber.
Integrated high-resolution 2-D Modeling, through burn
Omega facilityUR/LLE
Nike KrF LaserNRL
2 D Single mode calculations15
12.5
10
7.5
5
2.5
0
Gro
wth
fac
tor
(e-f
old
s)
0 25 50 75 100 125 150Spherical mode number
A. Standard pulseGain = 180Breakup: 83%
C. Large PrepulseGain = 110 Breakup = 2%
B. Small prepulseGain = 170Breakup =21%
B-G model fit
15
12.5
10
7.5
5
2.5
0
Gro
wth
fac
tor
(e-f
old
s)
0 25 50 75 100 125 150Spherical mode number
A. Standard pulseGain = 180Breakup: 83%
C. Large PrepulseGain = 110 Breakup = 2%
B. Small prepulseGain = 170Breakup =21%
B-G model fit
LLNLt = 0 nsec 7.00 nsec 8.30 nsec 8.70 nsec 8.90 nsec 9.00 nsect = 0 nsec 7.00 nsec 8.30 nsec 8.70 nsec 8.90 nsec 9.00 nsec
NRL
Agenda---Thursday, Dec 5
THURSDAY, DECEMBER 5, 2002 INTRODUCTION 8:00 - 8:30 Coffee, pastries, bagels, etc
All
8:30 - 8:50 (20)
Welcome + Introduction
John Sethian (NRL)
LASERS (Session chairman TBD) 8:50 - 9:20 (30)
Mercury Diode Pumped Solid State Laser
C. Bibeau (LLNL)
9:20 - 9:50 (30)
Electra KrF Laser
M. Wolford (SAIC/NRL)
9:50-10:00 (10)
LASER DISCUSSION All
10:00-10:15 (15)
BREAK
TARGET FABRICATION & INJECTION-1 (Session chairman TBD) 10:15 - 10:40 (25)
Target Fabrcation/Injection Plan plus GA Target Fabrication Effort
D. Goodin (GA)
10:45 - 11:00 (20)
Production of Divinyl Benzene (DVB) shells D, Schroen (Schafer) J. Streit (Schafer)
11:00 –11:30 (30)
Solid DT Studies J. Hoffer (LANL)
11:30 –12:00 (30)
Cryogenic Layering Experiments on Omega D. Harding (U of Rochester)
12:00 - 1:00 LUNCH
TARGET FABRICATION & INJECTION-2 (Session chairman TBD) 1:00 – 1:45 (45)
Status of Target Injector, In-Chamber Tracking, Target Survival Calculations
R. Petzoldt (GA) R. Raffray (UCSD)
1:45 – 2:00 (15)
TARGET FAB & INJECTION DISCUSSION All
TARGET DESIGN (Session chairman TBD) 2:00 –2:25 (25)
High Gain Target Designs (NRL) A. Schmitt (NRL) D. Colombant (NRL)
2:25 –2:50 (25)
High Gain Target Designs (LLNL) J. Perkins (LLNL)
2:50 - 3:00 (15)
TARGET DESIGNS DISCUSSION All
POSTER SESSION: Building 226 Lobby 3:00 – 4:00 (60)
Refreshments served All
CHAMBERS: OPERATING WINDOWS (Session chairman TBD) 4:00 – 4:45 (45)
University of Wisconsin Chambers work Operating windows for 400 MJ target Chamber designs with ferritic steels Evaluation of fill gasses other than Xe
D. Haynes (Wisc) G. Kulcinski (Wisc)
4:45 – 5:15 (30)
LLNL Chambers Work Magnetic Deflection
J. Latkowski (LLNL) W. Meier (LLNL)
5:15 – 5:35 (20)
CHAMBERS DISCUSSIONS
All
Posters---Thursday, Dec 5 Poster Presenter Affiliation Poster Title
Stan Skupsky U Rochester Advanced direct-drive target designs
Craig Sangster U Rochester Recent progress in direct-drive ICF
Jim Butler NRL Applications of Nanocrystalline Diamond Films
Charles Gentile Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
Electron Beam Transmission Window Employing Single-Crystal Si and C
Matt Myers NRL Front end for the Electra Laser
Frank Hegeler CTI/NRL E-beam deposition into the KrF laser gas
Matt Wolford SAIC/NRL Electra as a laser
John Giuliani NRL Orestes Modeling of the Electra KrF Laser
Nasr Ghoneim UCLA Thermo-mechanical Design of Structural Modules and Reflective Segmented Mirror Systems for HAPL Chambers
Phil Sharpe INEEL Limits of Aerosol Production in Unprotected Dry-Wall IFE Chambers
Dave Rose Mission Research Corporation
Numerical modeling of the Electra electron-beam diodes
Dennis Youchison Sandia Comparison of W and CFC materials exposed to high heat flux and ablation
Bob Lehmberg NRL Near-field nonuniformities in angularly-multiplexed KrF lasers: The problem and its possible solutions
S. Reyes LLNL Overview of recent developments on Fast Ignition Laser IFE
A. Baryamian LLNL Technological Advancements on the Mercury Laser
Agenda---Friday, Dec 6
FRIDAY, DECEMBER 6, 2002 INTRODUCTION 8:00 - 8:30 Coffee, pastries, bagels, etc
All
CHAMBERS: Dynamics and experiments-2 (Session chairman TBD) 8:30 - 9:00 (30)
Chamber Dynamics Modeling R. Raffray (UCSD) F. Najmabadi (UCSD)
9:00 – 9:30 (30)
Chamber Experiments F Najmabadi (UCSD)
9:30 – 9:45 (15)
CHAMBER DYNAMICS & EXPTS. DISCUSSIONS
All
9:45 -10:00 (15)
BREAK
FINAL OPTICS (Session chairman TBD) 10:00 – 10:30 (30)
Final Optics Plan Aluminum damage thresholds in the UV. Effects of dust and contamination
M. Tillack (UCSD)
10:30 – 10:50 (20)
Results of Neutron Irradiation studies on Transmissive Final optics for Laser IFE
W. Cooke (LANL)
10:50 – 11:00 (10)
OPTICS DISCUSSION All
MATERIALS-1 11:00- 11:30 (30)
Material Plan; Tungsten/He experiments Progress in Refractory Armored Composites
L. Snead (ORNL)
11:30 –12:00 (30)
XAPPER…..its hereeeeeee!
J. Latkowski (LLNL)
12:00 – 1:00 LUNCH
MATERIALS-2 (Session chairman TBD) 1:00 - 1:10 (10)
Materials Studies on Z (x-rays) and RHEPP (ions) C. Olson (SNL)
1:10-1:25 (15)
Z-Experiments T. Tanaka
1:25-1:45 (20)
RHEPP Experiments T. Renk
1:45-2:00 (15)
Bucky Simulations of RHEPP and Z R. Peterson
2:00 – 2:15 (15)
Fatigue thermomechanics N. Ghoniem (UCLA)
2:15 – 3:00 (45)
MATERIALS DISCUSSION Generate common list of materials for testing by ZAPPER, Z, RHEPP, UCSD Laser, etc Includes exact material specifications
L. Snead (ORNL) + MWG
Logistics
• Turn in presentations (posters and oral)
– Matt Myers <[email protected]>
• Pay "Registration" fee: $25.00
• Lunch: "Friedman Room"
• PM posters; Conf room to left of entrance door
• Optional "No Host" Dinner tonight– Virginia Brewing Company, 607 King St– (1 block East from Washington)– Sign up later today