Week 7 Classification Protista & Fungi.notebook

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February 25, 2014

EQ:What are the 3 groups in the Protista Kingdom?  

Bellringer:Name 3 characteristics of Protists.

Today's to do list:• finish bacteria notes

• Protista & Fungi• Linnaeus & Aristotle

fungi­like protist

algae

paramecium

Week 7 Classification Protista & Fungi.notebook

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February 25, 2014

Helpful Harmful

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria:consumes nitrogen from the atmosphere & converts it into a form that can be used by plants.

- helps breakdown/recycle twigs, leaves, etc... this decomposing bacteria returns nutrients to the ground, making them available to other organisms.- some bacteria are used to produce medicines/antibiotics cleansers bacteria for food

• bacterial diseases• dental cavities• ulcers• strep throat• food poisoning• lyme disease

Week 7 Classification Protista & Fungi.notebook

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February 25, 2014

VirusesAre viruses living?

Virus - a microscopic particle that invades a cell & usually destroys it• can be found anywhere• the cause of the common cold and flu• smaller than bacteria

virus made of protein & nucleic acid

are not able to grow or breathe or perform biological functions

- cannot live on their own, MUST have a "host" to survive

(viruses are parasites)

- they can reproduce, BUT only while in their host cell

A virus acts a factory producing more viruses instead of regular cells

Classified by:1. the disease they cause, 2. their genetic material, 3. their shape

Lytic Ciycle1. finds a host2. enter the cell or inject genetic material into the host cell3. takes over the host cell4. "break out" of host cell, find another host cell, cycle repeats

Week 7 Classification Protista & Fungi.notebook

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February 25, 2014

Aristotle Carolus LinnaeousPolar Bear book  Holt Book pg 204 

• Greek Philosopher• invented 1st known classification system for   living things• classified organisms as either

plant              or            animal 

one of his studentssubdivided them intogroups according to kind of stem & size

smaller groups according to where they live• land• air• water

• Swedish physician & botanist • founded taxonomy attempting to classify

organisms by similar characteristics• Binomial Nomenclature

Week 7 Classification Protista & Fungi.notebook

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February 25, 2014

Protists

• range in size from microscopic to meters long

• some are poisonous, others are edible

• Eukaryotic - mostly unicellular; some are multicellular

• producers (autotroph) and consumers (heterotroph)

• classified by the way they obtain energy

3 Groups of Protists                     #1­ Fungus­like

• consumer, they secrete digestive juices into their food source and then absorb the digested nutrients

Examples ­• slime mold ­ thin masses of living matter

­ colorful shapeless blobs­unicellular­may come together to form one group of cells

 with many nuclei­live in cool, shaded, moist places (woods & fresh water)­eat bacteria, yeast, decaying plant & animal matter­can get as big as 1m across• water mold ­

      ­unicellular, lives in water, moist soil, or other

       organisms     ­ they are decomposers and parasites

     ­can cause disease and endanger crops 

 

                        #2 Plant­likeAlgae 

• producers ­ autotroph• green because of chlorophyll• can also have other pigments to give them other 

colors• most live in water• multicellular algae

­seaweed/kelp can be meters long• unicellular algae ­

­phytoplankton ­ producers that provide food most other organisms and most of the worlds oxygen

Examples­

­red algae­green algae­green algae (most diverse group)­diatoms  

                                         #3 Animal­like• unicellular                                        amoeba­like soft jellylike                                     • producers (autotrophs)                      ­fresh water• also known as protozoa                    ­salt water• some are parasites                           ­soil                                          ­parasite in humans

Week 7 Classification Protista & Fungi.notebook

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February 25, 2014

• Eukaryotic

• consumer

• many shapes, colors

• secretes digestive juices onto food source then absorbs the dissolved substance

• many are decomposers, others are parasites

• largest group

• yeast - uses sugar as food

• powdery mildews

• truffles- edible

• some are sources of antibiotics & vitamins

• mold (on bread, fuzzy black mold)

• usually decomposers and maybe parasitic

• umbrella shaped mushrooms are the most common

• some are edible, some are poisonous

• this group contains all of the fungi that doesn't fit into any other group

• example - disease, athlete's foot

• another form produces a poison called aflatoxin which can cause cancer

• good fungi in this group is used to produce penicillin, cheese, soy sauce, and citric acid (which is used in sodas)

Lichens

• are producers unlike fungi

• a combination of fungus and alga

• the alga lives in the walls of fungi

• can be found almost anywhere & in almost any type of environment.

• only require air, light and minerals to grow

FungiGeneral Characteristics

Thread-Like Fungi

Club Fungi

Sac- Fungi

Imperfect Fungi

Week 7 Classification Protista & Fungi.notebook

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February 25, 2014