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Defini&ons of Development Development is: “…the process by which an organism (human or animal) grows and changes through its lifespan.” (Smith, Cowie & Blades, 2011, p. 6) Developmental psychology is: “…the discipline that aFempts to describe and explain the changes that occur over Ime in the thought, behaviour, reasoning, and funcIoning of a person due to biological, individual, and environmental influences.” (Slater, Johnson & Muir, 2011, p. 5)

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Page 1: Week 1 Slides

Defini&ons  of  Development  Development  is:    “…the  process  by  which  an  organism  (human  or  animal)  grows  and  changes  through  its  life-­‐span.”  (Smith,  Cowie  &  Blades,  2011,  p.  6)    

Developmental  psychology  is:  “…the  discipline  that  aFempts  to  describe  and  explain  the  changes  that  occur  over  Ime  in  the  thought,  behaviour,  reasoning,  and  funcIoning  of  a  person  due  to  biological,  individual,  and  environmental  influences.”  (Slater,  Johnson  &  Muir,  2011,  p.  5)  

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Phases  of  Development  

Before  Birth    

Prenatal  Neonatal  

0-­‐2  years    

Infancy  

3-­‐10  years    

Childhood  Early    Middle    Late  

11-­‐20  years      

Adolescence    Early    Middle    Late  

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Aspects of Development

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Con&nuous  Change  

‘Inverted-­‐U’FuncIon                                                  ‘U’  FuncIon                              

Age                Age  

Page 5: Week 1 Slides

Piaget’s  Stage  Theory  of  Cogni&ve  Development  

Sensorimotor    0-­‐2  years  

Pre-­‐operaIons    2-­‐7  years  

Concrete  operaIons    7-­‐11  years  

Formal  operaIons    12  years  +  

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Bronfenbrenner’s  Ecological  Systems  Theory  

Child  

Microsystem  

Mesosystem  

Exosystem  

Macrosystem  

                             Chronosystem  

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Nature-­‐Nurture  Interac&ons  

Development  

Social  

Psychological   Biological  

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Defini&on  

Developmental  psychopathology  is:    “  …an  evolving  interdisciplinary  scienIfic  field  that  seeks  to  elucidate  the  interplay  among  the  biological,  psychological,  and  social-­‐contextual  aspects  of  normal  and  abnormal  development  across  the  life  course.”  (Cicche[  &  Toth,  2009,  p.  16)    

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Developmental  Trajectories      

Childhood                                                          Late  Adolescence  

 

 

Low  

High  

Adapted  from:  Compas,  Hinden  &  Gerhardt  (1995)  

Page 10: Week 1 Slides

Risk  and  Protec&ve  Factors  Adapted  from:  Carr  (2006)  

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Developmental  Phenomena  

Factor  

Outcome   Outcome   Outcome  

Process   Process  

Outcome  

Process  

           Equifinality                                                              Mul&finality