Webinar

O Nutricionista

Webinar - O Nutricionista

14 de outubro 19:00

(segunda quarta feira do mês)

John Goeser – PhD – Rock River Laboratory/3rlab

O que o laboratório pode medir para ajudar o nutricionista

a ter mais precisão na fazenda.

www.3rlab.com.br

Overview • Lipid digestion & metabolism background

• Effect of FA chain length

• Effect of specific SFA

• Effect of degree of (un)saturation

• Interactions with other dietary components

• Effect of production level

• Meta-analysis

My roots

US Market trends… • As a consultant and advisor? Help Dairies and

Feedlots find opportunity…profit!

US Market trends… • As a consultant and advisor? Help Dairies and

Feedlots find opportunity…profit!

Adapted from MarginSmartTM

weekly newsletter.

Oct 5, 2015, Vol 3, Issue 40.

www.marginsmart.com

Where does feed testing fit in the world?

Confidential- Not for distribution

Where does feed testing fit in the world?

•Feed nutrition & Formulation

Confidential- Not for distribution

Where does feed testing fit in the world?

•Feed nutrition & Formulation

•Beyond formulation???

Confidential- Not for distribution

“Lab” techniques

Beyond Formulation?

Beyond Formulation?

Managing beyond the formulated diet

• Start at the soil

• Soil / plant tissue

• Variety and seed selection

• Harvest decisions / management

• Silage preservation

• Efficiency / stability / shrink

• Buying feed

• Delegate feed to groups

• Anti-Nutrition Factors

• Why didn‟t we see expected response?

• Feeding program opportunities?

• Field research / farm trials

• Advancing the field

Soil & Plant nutrition

ipipotash.org

aesl.ces.uga.edu

• Poor soil cannot produce

healthy plants.

• Poor plants produce poor

feed.

• Regular soil testing can help

to ensure a high yield of a

quality crop

Potassium deficiency

Boron deficiency

Soil & Plant nutrition

• Field fertility is inherently

variable

• GPS grid sampling can

help maximize fertilizer

dollars

• Use in-season tissue

testing to verify nutrient

uptake

Variety / Hybrid Selection

• Understanding info available

• Measure and select for what‟s

heritable

• NDF / Starch

• CHO digestion potential

• Farm plots and evaluation

Harvest Management

• Dry matter

• Maturity

• Cut timing

• Cut height

• Processing

• Soil, yeast, mold,

Clostridium spp.,

aerobic bacteria

contamination

CSPS / KPS Opportunities

Kernel Processing Scores

2013 Crop 2014 Crop 2015 Crop

Silage preservation

• Oxygen transmission

rates

• Fermentation end

products

• Shrink ???

• Environmental

impact???

• Feed-out stability

Beyond Feed Quality and Variation…

• Harvest 100 tons? Want to feed out 100

tons!

• Best silos feed out 98 tons per 100

• Some feed out < 75 ton!!!

What is Preservation Shrink?

• High quality water soluble carbohydrate (sugar and

starch) – some protein as well

• Must be replaced with corn or similar energy value

ingredient

•3% Shrink with 1 ton Silage = how

many bushel???

What is Preservation Shrink?

• High quality water soluble carbohydrate (sugar and

starch) – some protein as well

• Must be replaced with corn or similar energy value

ingredient

•3% Shrink with 1 ton Silage = how

many bushel???

Where does Shrink happen?

Fermentation! …Shrink?

Another approach? Meta-Analysis! Goeser et al. (2015)

Another approach? Meta-Analysis! Goeser et al. (2015)

Factors found related to fermentation

shrink (Goeser et al., 2015)

• DM

• Agrees with Buckmaster et al. (1989) dry matter based

equations

• pH

• Lactic acid

• Acetic acid

• Forage type

• Fermentation length

• Preservative treatment

Fermentation Shrink reality (Goeser et al.,

2015)

Par. Legume Mixed Forage

Grass Corn

Silage Small Grain

Mean 4.26 4.83 4.44 3.15 3.94 Median 2.98 3.41 3.04 2.42 3.07 Min 0.50 2.13 1.26 0.50 0.85

Goal (15th %)

2.17 2.65 1.80 1.53 2.11

Max 45.19 41.39 18.47 48.26 35.75 Std Dev 4.17 4.56 3.77 3.36 3.59

Anti-Nutrition!?

Anti-Nutrition? Mold & Yeast Thumb Rules

0% Spoiled 100% Spoiled

Mold & Yeast Count Benchmarks

Dev. Jan. 2015

Feed Corn Silage Legume/Mixed Forage

Anti-Nutrition Compound Mold Yeast Mold Yeast

Mean 565,000 6,058,000 264,000 1,218,000

Median 2,000 270,000 2,000 10,000

Goal (15th Percentile) < 1,000 < 1,000 < 1,000 < 1,000

Upper Limit (85th Perc.) 300,000 14,700,000 100,000 1,000,000

Feed Corn Grain TMR

Anti-Nutrition Compound Mold Yeast Mold Yeast

Mean 956,000 7,375,000 316,000 5,942,000

Median 100,000 1,300,000 70,000 1,800,00

Goal (15th Percentile) < 1,000 < 20,000 < 2,000 < 200,000

Upper Limit (85th Perc.) 1,700,000 20,900,000 400,000 13,600,000

Mold & Yeast Count Benchmarks

Dev. Jan. 2015

Feed Corn Silage Legume/Mixed Forage

Anti-Nutrition Compound Mold Yeast Mold Yeast

Mean 565,000 6,058,000 264,000 1,218,000

Median 2,000 270,000 2,000 10,000

Goal (15th Percentile) < 1,000 < 1,000 < 1,000 < 1,000

Upper Limit (85th Perc.) 300,000 14,700,000 100,000 1,000,000

Feed Corn Grain TMR

Anti-Nutrition Compound Mold Yeast Mold Yeast

Mean 956,000 7,375,000 316,000 5,942,000

Median 100,000 1,300,000 70,000 1,800,00

Goal (15th Percentile) < 1,000 < 20,000 < 2,000 < 200,000

Upper Limit (85th Perc.) 1,700,000 20,900,000 400,000 13,600,000

Recent Mold & Yeast Ct. Trends

Aug „15 July „15 Oct „15

Mycotoxin Benchmarks

Revised Jan. 2015

Dairy Feedlot Swine Poultry Equine

Toxin Values listed in yellow are PPM all other listed in PPB

Aflatoxin 20 20 20 20 20

Deoxynivalenol (DON or Vomitoxin)

0.5 to 1 10 1 2 500

Fumonisin 2 7 10 20 500

T-2 Toxin 100 500 100 100

Zearalenone 400 5 300 10 50

Ochratoxin 5 5 700 700 35

Ergot toxins (combined) 500 500 500 750 300

Energy!?

Is the feed there?

Can your dairy meet the gold standard for nutrient variability? Goeser, 2014 Progressive Dairyman

Ingredient Cost / ton As-Fed DM DMI Expected DMI Actual As-Fed Intake Cost / Cow

Prescribed Diet

Corn Silage 50.00$ 35.0% 22.0 22.0 62.9 1.57$

Alfalfa 300.00$ 85.0% 7.0 7.0 8.2 1.24$

Corn 165.00$ 87.0% 8.0 8.0 9.2 0.76$

Protein and Mineral Mix 500.00$ 90.0% 16.0 16.0 17.8 4.44$

53.0 53.0 98.1 8.01$ Actual Diet

Corn Silage 50.00$ 32.3% 22.0 21.0 64.9 1.62$

Alfalfa 300.00$ 85.0% 7.0 7.2 8.5 1.28$

Corn 165.00$ 87.0% 8.0 8.3 9.5 0.78$

Protein and Mineral Mix 500.00$ 90.0% 16.0 16.5 18.4 4.59$

53.0 53.0 101.3 8.27$

DM Variation impact on IOFC

Looking for additional profit per cow? Dial in on-farm moisture. Goeser

and Meyer, 2014 Progressive Dairyman

Ingredient Cost / ton As-Fed DM DMI Expected DMI Actual As-Fed Intake Cost / Cow

Prescribed Diet

Corn Silage 50.00$ 35.0% 22.0 22.0 62.9 1.57$

Alfalfa 300.00$ 85.0% 7.0 7.0 8.2 1.24$

Corn 165.00$ 87.0% 8.0 8.0 9.2 0.76$

Protein and Mineral Mix 500.00$ 90.0% 16.0 16.0 17.8 4.44$

53.0 53.0 98.1 8.01$ Actual Diet

Corn Silage 50.00$ 32.3% 22.0 21.0 64.9 1.62$

Alfalfa 300.00$ 85.0% 7.0 7.2 8.5 1.28$

Corn 165.00$ 87.0% 8.0 8.3 9.5 0.78$

Protein and Mineral Mix 500.00$ 90.0% 16.0 16.5 18.4 4.59$

53.0 53.0 101.3 8.27$

DM Variation impact on IOFC

Looking for additional profit per cow? Dial in on-farm moisture. Goeser

and Meyer, 2014 Progressive Dairyman

Are the Nutrients there?

Are the Nutrients there?

Protein

Are the Nutrients there?

Protein Carbs

Are the Nutrients there?

Protein Carbs

Fat

Are the Nutrients there?

Protein Carbs

Fat Ash

Feed Variation – Starch!

Can your dairy meet the gold standard for nutrient variability? Goeser, 2014 Progressive Dairyman

Feed Variation – Starch!

Can your dairy meet the gold standard for nutrient variability? Goeser, 2014 Progressive Dairyman

Are you feeding 70 or 100 bu. silage?

20 ton per acre…

• 35% starch

• Yields 100 bushel!

• Digestibility???

How many bushels

are you actually

feeding?

Heuer and Goeser, 2015 Progressive Forage. Accessed online: http://www.progressiveforage.com/forage-production/management/did-you-harvest-optimal-rumen-starch-digestion

What about concentrates?

Feed Assayed Recent RRL Forages 84 % of Total Concentrates 16 % of Total

n = 100,000+ ?

What about concentrates?

Feed Assayed Recent RRL Forages 84 % of Total Concentrates 16 % of Total

n = 100,000+

“Same Feed”

First Nutrients, Second Nutrient Availability…

• How Nutritionists think…and ration programs work

Nutrient % (CP, NDF, etc)

Nutrient Digestibilities (NDFD, etc)

Total Digestible Nutrients, TDN

MILK Weiss, 1998

The nutrients are there, but…

• Seed / genetics

• Dry matter content

• Growing environment

• Fermentation / preservation

• Crop / feed processing

• Rumen dynamics

• Interactions with other

ingredients

• Passage rate

• Dry matter intake

• Production level / stage

• Body size

• Forage to Concentrate ratio

• Anti-Nutrition?

Factors Affecting Digestion

Finding digestion opportunities

• Fecal starch / in vivo TTSD prediction (Fredin et al., 2014)

• TMRD (Schalla et al., 2012)

• In situ or in vitro TMR nutritive disappearance

• Under controlled conditions

• In vitro TTNDFD

• In vitro intestinal digestion

Fecal Starch Content, % of DM

2% Aim

Total Tract Starch Digestibility? (Fredin et al., 2014

equation)

98+% Aim

Cow level in vivo digestion

TMR-D Basics

(Schalla et al., 2012.)

TMR-D Basics

(Schalla et al., 2012.)

TMR-D Basics

Nutrient % & Indigestible

Marker

(Schalla et al., 2012.)

TMR-D Basics

Nutrient % & Indigestible

Marker

(Schalla et al., 2012.)

TMR-D Basics

Nutrient % & Indigestible

Marker

Nutrient % & Indigestible

Marker

(Schalla et al., 2012.)

TMR-D Basics

Nutrient % & Indigestible

Marker

Nutrient % & Indigestible

Marker TMR-D in vivo apparent digestion

(Schalla et al., 2012.)

What do Cows have to say?

TMR - Fiber

- Starch Rumen in vivo

NDF = 42.0 ± 24

Starch = 59.3 ± 31

Total Tract in vivo NDF = 48.5 ± 22

Starch = 92.4 ± 6.5

(Goeser, 2014)

Rumen in situ digestion

Dairy Cattle RSD & kd ?

Rumen Starch Digestion, in vivo or derived from 7 h in situ (RRL Data, 2014)

Dairy Cattle RSD & kd ?

Rumen Starch Digestion, in vivo or derived from 7 h in situ (RRL Data, 2014)

Rumen or intestinal in vitro digestion

TTNDFD (Combs, 2015)

Awareness, Opportunities, IOFC…

Manage for precision – beyond the Lab

References

• Buckmaster, D.R., C.A. Rotz, and R.E. Muck. 1989. A comprehensive model of forage changes in

the silo. Trans. ASAE 32:1143-1152. (As Cited by Savoie and Jofriet, 2003).

• Combs, D.K. 2013. TTNDFD: A new approach to evaluate forages. 2013 Cornell Nutrition Conf.,

Syracuse, NY.

• Fredin, S.M., L. F. Ferraretto, M. S. Akins, P. C. Hoffman, and R. D. Shaver. 2014. Fecal starch as

an indicator of total-tract starch digestibility by lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 97:1862-1871.

• Goeser, J. 2014. What do cows have to say about NDF and Starch digestion? Proc. 4-State Dairy

Nutrition Conf. Dubuque, IA.

• Goeser, J.P. and D. Meyer. 2014. Looking for additional profit per cow? Dial in on-farm moisture.

Progressive Dairyman Magazine.

• Goeser, J.P., C.R. Heuer, P. Crump. 2015. Forage fermentation product measures are related to dry

matter loss through meta-analysis. Prof. Anim. Sci. 31:137-145.

• Savoie, P and J.C. Jofriet. 2003. Silage Storage. Ch. 9 Pages 405 – 467. In Silage Science and

Technology. D.R. Buxton, R.E. Muck and J.H. Harrison, eds. ASA – CSSA – SSSA Publishers,

Madison, WI.

• Schalla, A. L. Meyer, Z. Meyer, S. Onetti, A. Schultz, and J. Goeser. 2012. Hot Topic: Apparent total-

tract nutrient digestibilities measured commercially using 120-hour in vitro indigestible NDF as a

marker are related to commercial dairy cattle performance. J Dairy Sci 95:5109-5114.

• Weiss, W. 1998. Estimating the available energy content of feeds. J Dairy Sci. 81:830-839.

Contact – John Goeser PhD, PAS & Diplomate ACAN

• johngoeser@rockriverlab.com

• Office: 920-261-0446

• @johngoeser on Twitter

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Excelente material para treinamento de equipes/grupos de estudos

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

100 tons Mais que95 tons

Mais que90 tons

Mais que80 tons

Não sei

Brasil

EUA

Argentina

Estocamos 100 tons, recuperaremos

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Produção deleite será a

mesma

Se consumo foro mesmo

produção será amesma

Dig.,especialmenteamido e FDN,fará diferença

Dig,especialmenteamido e FDN,

não farádiferença

Não sei

Brasil

EUA

Argentina

Duas dietas idênticas, mesmo V:C, PB, EE FDN e amido.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Mudançana MS nãoimpactará

lucro

Mudançana MS

impactarálucro um

pouco

SomentefazemosMS na

abertura dosilo

Deveríamosfazer MStodos os

dias ecorrigir a

dieta

Não temostempo para

fazer MS

Brasil

EUA

Argentina

30 kg de silagem de milho

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Devem estardoentes

Funcionáriosnão estão

alimentandoos animais

direito

Dietas nãoestão

misturadascorretamente

Forragemdevem estar

comcomposição

diferente

Precisamosselecionar

tourosmelhores

Brasil

EUA

Argentina

Dieta para 40 kg e produção 35 kg