Name_______________________________________ AP HG 1.2

THINKING GEOGRAPHICALLY

How do geographers describe where things are?

DO NOW: Create your own map of whatever you’d like!

MAPS & MAPMAKINGScience of mapmaking = _________________________________

Maps serve two purposes

Early Mapmaking The earliest surviving maps were drawn by ____________________________on clay tablets.

From early times, people have been creating maps to assist with __________________________.

__________________________ was the first person to demonstrate the earth was spherical.

The first person of record to use the term ________________________________ was ________________________________ - also the first to correctly divide Earth in regions.

Information from merchants and soldiers in the ____________________________ gave way for Ptolemy’s _____________________________________.

A revival of geography & mapmaking occurred during the _________________________________ _____________________________________________________.

MAPMAKING ~ What do geographers need to consider when making maps?

Two important decisions - _______________________ & ___________________________.

SCALE

Presented in three ways:

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_

The appropriate scale depends on the information being portrayed

SMALL SCALE LARGE SCALE

PROJECTION

Cartographers have to deal with the problem of making maps of a spherical earth onto a flat surface this leads to distortions

Problems with distortion:

1. The ______________of an area can be distorted, may appear more elongated than in reality

2. The ______________________ between two points may become increased or decreased

3. The _________________________________of different areas may be altered, so that one area may appear larger than another on a map but is in reality smaller

4. The _______________________ from one place to another can be distorted

Advantages: _______________is distorted very little, _____________________ is consistent, map is ____________________________

Disadvantages: distorted toward the ___________ making them look larger

Advantages: Useful for displayed distance across the _______________

Disadvantages: the ____________ are much smaller, distorts distance

Gall-Peters Projection

Focuses more on land _________ accuracy Released in 1974, based off a 1800 design More accurately shows southern hemisphere _________________ than northern

hemisphere Areas near the poles are stretched horizontally

The earth is round. The challenge of any world map is to represent a round earth on a flat surface. There are literally thousands of map projections. Each has certain strengths and corresponding weaknesses.

Choosing among them is an exercise in values clarification: you have to decide what's important to you. That is generally determined by the way you intend to use the map. The Peters Projection is an area accurate map.

Equal area projection: projection that…