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Henle Latin

Semester 1

WK Grammar rule assigned from Blue Henle Grammar Book1 1, 6-36, 10182 34, 35, 37-393 45-644 45-645 65-666 697 72-768 77-789 142-16210 142-16411 165, 168, 171, 123, 34612 124, 128-129, 479, 12713 166, 169, 17214 168, 170, 173, 346-348, 474, 47715 174-176, 177-179, 180-185, 349

WEEK 1

No. 1. The Alphabet - The Latin alphabet has no w or y; otherwise it is the same as English

Division into Syllables.

No. 6 a. A single consonant goes with the following vowel. mā /ter; nau/ta; nō/men

No. 7 b. Two or more consonants are divided after the first. Por/ta; exer/citus; pul/chra.

No. 8 Note: But when a mute (c, g, p, b, t, d) or f is followed by r or l, both consonants go with the following vowel. La/crima; a/grum; pa/trem; va/fra; locu/plēs

Accent:

No. 9 A) In words of two syllables, the accent is on the first. vía; béllum

No. 10 B) In words of more than two syllables, if the second last syllable is long, it is accented; otherwise the accent is on the third last syllable.

vid ē runt (accent on long e); ágmĭne

Quantity of Syllables:

No. 11 A) A syllable is short if it contains a vowel that is short by nature or that is followed by another vowel or diphthong. reg ĕ re; glor ĭ a

No. 12 B) A syllable is long if it contains a vowel that is long by nature or a vowel that is followed by two consonants other than a mute (c, g, p, b, t, d) or f followed by a liquid (r, l).

studēre; regēndus

No. 13 Note: x and z each count as two consonants (cs and ds); h and the u in qu do not count as consonants.

Nouns

No. 14 – Nouns have gender, number, case, and declension

No. 15 – Gender – There are three genders in Latin: masculine, feminine, neuter

No. 16 – All nouns meaning individual male persons are masculine

No. 17 – All nouns meaning individual female persons are feminine.

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No. 18 – The gender of other nouns must be learned from their declension or from other vocabularies.

No. 19 – Number. There are two numbers in Latin: singular and plural

No. 20. The singular speaks of one: via, a road.

No. 21 – The plural speaks of more than one: viae, roads.

No. 22 – Case. There are six cases in Latin:

Nominative: The case of the Subject Genitive – The case of the Possessor Dative – the case of the indirect object; the 'to' or 'for' case Accusative – the case of the Direct Object Ablative – the 'by-with-from' case (used frequently with prepositions)Vocative – the case of the Person Addressed.

No. 23 – Declension. Declension consists in adding the proper ENDINGS to the STEM to show the different genders, numbers, and cases.

No. 24. - Stem. The stem is found by dropping the ENDING of the GENITIVE SINGULAR. Vi-ae, stem: vi-

No. 25. The Five Declensions . There are five declensions in Latin. They can be distinguished by the endings of the genitive singular.

1 2 3 4 5

-ae ī -is -ūs -eī

vi-ae serv-ī lēg-is port-ūs r-eī

No. 26 How to decline a Noun. The nominative, genitive, and gender of a noun determine which model it follows. Add the endings of that model to the stem.

No. 27: Note: A) The stem is that part of the word which remains the same in spelling throughout the

declension. It gives the meaning of the word. The endings show what the word does in the sentence, whether it is the subject, direct object, indirect object, etc.

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No. 28 B) The vocative of all nouns and adjectives is always like the nominative except in singular nouns in -us of the second declension: these have -e. Serv-e! Slave! Exceptions: Proper nouns in -ius and fiīius, son, have only -ī in the vocative singular. Vergilius, voc. Vergilī; fīlius, voc. Fīlī. The vocative singular of Deus, God, is Deus; the vocative masculine singular of meus is mī; fīlī mī! My son!

No. 29: C) The accusative of neuter nouns and adjectives is always like the nominative.

No 30. D) Names of towns, and domus, home, and rūs, country, have another case – the locative – expressing place where. In singulars of the first and second declensions the locative is like the gentitive: Rōmae, at Rome. In all others it is like the ablative: Cathāgine (Carthāgō , Carthāginis), at Carthage. But rūs, country, has rūrī or rūre, in the country. See No. 915.

No 31: The First Declension

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative terr-a Land, the (a) land Subject

Singular Genitive terr-ae Of the (a) land Possessive

Singular Dative terr-ae To or for the (a) land Indirect object

Singular Accusative terr-am The (a) land Direct object

Singular Ablative terr-ā By, with, from the (a) land

Plural Nominative terr-ae Lands, the lands Subject

Plural Genitive terr-ārum Of the lands Possessive

Plural Dative terr-īs To or for the lands Indirect object

Plural Accusative terr-ās Lands, the lands Direct object

Plural Ablative terr- īs By, with, from the lands

Gender:

32: A) All nouns naming individual male person are masculine. Nauta, ae, a sailor, masculine. (Sailors are usually men.)

33: B) All others are feminine. Terra, ae, land, feminine.

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No. 34: Masculine Nouns of the Second Declension

Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative serv-us The slave Subject

Singular Genitive serv-ī Of the slave, the slave's Possessive

Singular Dative serv-ō To or for the slave Indirect object

Singular Accusative serv-um The slave Direct object

Singular Ablative serv-ō By, with, from the slave

Plural Nominative serv-ī The slaves Subject

Plural Genitive serv-ōrum Of the slaves, the slaves' Possessive

Plural Dative serv-īs To or for the slaves Indirect object

Plural Accusative serv-ōs the slaves Direct object

Plural Ablative serv-īs By, with, from the slaves

No. 35 Gender – Masucline nouns of 2nd Declension: Generally masculine

No. 36: Note: Proper names in -ius and fīlius, son, form their vocative singular in -ī. Vergilius, Vergilī; fīlius, fīlī .

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No 1018

Pronunciation

The Roman System: Long Short

ā as in father a as in facility

ē as in they; (but without the faint i sound at the end)

e as in get

ī as in machine; i as in fit;

ō as in no (but without the faint u sound at the end)

o as in obey

ū as in rule u as in put

y (in borrowed Greek words like German u or French u.

Dipthongs:

ae like ai in aisle; oe like oi in foil; au like ou in out; ei like ei in feign; eu like ew in dew; ui like we

Consonants:

Most of the consonants are pronounced as in English, but

c always as in cat; s always as in this;g always as in gun; su as in suave; ngu always as in unguent; t always as in tin; qu as in quit; x always as in extra; r as in three; z like dz in adze j (consonantal i) like y in yet; v (consonantal u) like w in well; bs and bt like English ps and pt

Note: Double consonants are both pronounced but without a break, like the ll in English tailess. Thus bel-lum.

WEEK 2

No. 34: Masculine Nouns of the Second Declension

Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative serv-us The slave Subject

Singular Genitive serv-ī Of the slave, the slave's Possessive

Singular Dative serv-ō To or for the slave Indirect object

Singular Accusative serv-um The slave Direct object

Singular Ablative serv-ō By, with, from the slave

Plural Nominative serv-ī The slaves Subject

Plural Genitive serv-ōrum Of the slaves, the slaves' Possessive

Plural Dative serv-īs To or for the slaves Indirect object

Plural Accusative serv-ōs the slaves Direct object

Plural Ablative serv-īs By, with, from the slaves

No. 35 Gender – Masucline nouns of 2nd Declension: Generally masculine

No. 37: Neuter Nouns of the 2nd Declension

Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative bell-um The war Subject

Singular Genitive bell-ī Of the war Possessive

Singular Dative bell-ō To or for the war Indirect object

Singular Accusative bell-um The war Direct object

Singular Ablative bell-ō By, with, from the war

Plural Nominative bell-ā The wars Subject

Plural Genitive bell-ōrum Of the wars Possessive

Plural Dative bell-īs To or for the wars Indirect object

Plural Accusative bell-a the wars Direct object

Plural Ablative bell-īs By, with, from the wars

No. 38 Gender – Neuter Nouns of 2nd Declension: All neuter.

No. 39: Note: The accusative is like the nominative in all neuter nouns and adjectives. Thus, singular nominative bellum, accusative bellum; plural nominative bella, accusative bella. (Cf. Flumen, No 64, gravis, -e, No. 78, etc, )

WEEK 3 & 4

No. 45 The Third Declension. The nominative singular of the third declension has no model ending. Thus lēx, law, pars, part, flūmen, river, hostis, enemy, are all nouns of the third declension. The genitive ending (for the third declension, always -is) shows the declension and gives the stem.

No 46: Nouns naming individual male persons are masculine: mīles, mīlitis, m., soldier

No. 47: Nouns naming individual female persons are feminine: māter, mātris, f., mother.

No 48: Note: These two rules (Nos. 46, 47) should always be applied before Nos. 49 to 52. Thus mīles would be feminine by the SOX rule (No. 50), but rule No. 46 is applied first, hence mīles is masculine.

No. 49: Nouns ending in -er, -or (ERROR) are masculine.

No. 50: Nouns ending in -s, -o, -x (SOX) are feminine.

No. 51: Nouns ending in -l, -a, -n, -c, -e, -t (LANCET) are neuter.

No. 52: Note: But masculine generally are words in -os, -nis, -guis, and -cis, in -es (itis) and -ex (icis); as neuter mark the -us (with -ris).

No. 53: Declension. First find the gender of the noun. Then find the stem from the genitive.

No. 54: For masculine and feminine nouns, add the endings of lēx or pars according to the rules in Nos. 59-63.

No. 55: For neuter nouns add the endings of flūmen. (For the few exceptions, see footnote on No 64)

No. 56: The vocative is always like the nominative.

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Masculine and Feminine Nouns of the 3rd Declension

No. 57: Masculine

Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative lēx The law Subject

Singular Genitive lēg-is Of the law Possessive

Singular Dative lēg To or for the law Indirect object

Singular Accusative lēg-em The law Direct object

Singular Ablative lēg-e By, with, from the law

Plural Nominative lēg-ēs The laws Subject

Plural Genitive lēg-um Of the laws Possessive

Plural Dative lēg-ibus To or for the laws Indirect object

Plural Accusative lēg-ēs the laws Direct object

Plural Ablative lēg-ibus By, with, from the laws

No. 58: Feminine

Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative pars The part Subject

Singular Genitive part-is Of the part Possessive

Singular Dative part-ī To or for the part Indirect object

Singular Accusative part-em The part Direct object

Singular Ablative part-e By, with, from the part

Plural Nominative part-ēs The parts Subject

Plural Genitive part-ium Of the parts Possessive

Plural Dative part-ibus To or for the parts Indirect object

Plural Accusative part-ēs the parts Direct object

Plural Ablative part-ibus By, with, from the parts

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3rd Declension Nouns

No. 59: Note: All masculine and feminine nouns of the 3rd declension are declined like lēx except the following nouns which have -ium in the genitive plural like part-ium:

No. 60: 1. Nouns that have the same number of syllables in the genitive singular as in the nominative singular: as hostis, hostis (host-ium), enemy.

No. 61: 2. Nouns whose stem ends in two consonants, as: gens, gentis, tribe, stem, gent-, hence gentium.

Exceptions:

No. 62: a. With -um instead of -ium: senum, patrum, mēnsum, mātrum, canum, juvenum, and frātrum (of old men, fathers, months and mothers of dogs and youths and brothers).

No. 63: b. With -ium instead of -um: vīrium, lītium, faucium, Penātium, imbrium, and nivium, Samnītium, optimātium. (of strength and quarrels, of jaws and household

gods, of rains and snows, of Samnites and aristocrats.)

No. 64: Neuter Nouns of the 3rd Declension

Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative flūmen The river Subject

Singular Genitive flūmin-is Of the river Possessive

Singular Dative flūmin-ī To or for the river Indirect object

Singular Accusative flūmen The river Direct object

Singular Ablative flūmin-e By, with, from the river

Plural Nominative flūmin-a The rivers Subject

Plural Genitive flūmin-um Of the rivers Possessive

Plural Dative flūmin-ibus To or for the rivers Indirect object

Plural Accusative flūmin-a the rivers Direct object

Plural Ablative flūmin-ibus By, with, from the rivers

All neuter nouns of the 3rd declension are declined like flūmen except the very few which end their nominative with -e, -al, -ar. These have - ī in the ablative singular, -ia in the nominative and accusative, plural, and -ium in the genitive plural. Thus, mare, maris has ablative singular mar- ī, nominative and accusative plural mar-ia, and genitive plural mar-ium.

WEEK 5

No. 65. The Fourth Declension

Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative port-us The harbor Subject

Singular Genitive port-ūs Of the harbor Possessive

Singular Dative port-uī To or for the harbor Indirect object

Singular Accusative port-um The harbor Direct object

Singular Ablative port-ū By, with, from the harbor

Plural Nominative port-ūs The harbors Subject

Plural Genitive port-uum Of the harbors Possessive

Plural Dative port-ibus To or for the harbors Indirect object

Plural Accusative port-ūs the harbors Direct object

Plural Ablative port-ibus By, with, from the harbors

No. 66: Gender: All masculine except manus, -ūs, f. hand, domus, ūs, f. house, cornū, ūs, n. horn, genū, ūs, n., knee, and a few others.

WEEK 6

No. 69: The Fifth Declension

Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative rēs The thing Subject

Singular Genitive r-eī Of the thing Possessive

Singular Dative r-eī To or for thing Indirect object

Singular Accusative r-em The thing Direct object

Singular Ablative r-ē By, with, from the thing

Plural Nominative r-ēs The things Subject

Plural Genitive r-ērum Of the things Possessive

Plural Dative r-ēbus To or for the things Indirect object

Plural Accusative r-ēs the things Direct object

Plural Ablative r-ēbus By, with, from the things

WEEK 7

No. 72: Adjectives in -us of the First and Second Declensions

Masculinelike servus

Femininelike porta

Neuterlike bellum

Singular Nominative magn-us magn-a magn-um

Singular Genitive magn-ī magn-ae magn-ī

Singular Dative magn-ō magn-ae magn-ō

Singular Accusative magn-um magn-am magn-um

Singular Ablative magn-ō magn-ā magn-ō

Plural Nominative magn-ī magn-ae magn-a

Plural Genitive magn-ōrum magn-ārum magn-ōrum

Plural Dative magn-īs magn-īs magn-īs

Plural Accusative magn-ōs magn-ās magn-ā

Plural Ablative magn-īs magn-īs magn-īs

No. 73: How to decline an Adjective. 1. Learn the nominative and genitive(1) from the vocabularies2. These show what model the adjective follows. 3. Add the endings of this model to the stem.

(1) The genitive of adjectives is not given in vocabularies when it is clear from the nominative, as in magnus, a, um (stem, magn-)

No. 74: Adjectives in -er of the First and Second Declensions.

There are two other kinds of adjectives in the first and second declensions: miser, miser-a, miser-um (stem, miser), wreteched. integer, integr-a, integr-um (stem, integr-), fresh.

These adjectives have the same endings as magnus except in the nominative singular masculine (miser, integer)

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No. 75

Masculinelike puer

Femininelike porta

Neuterlike bellum

Singular Nominative MISER miser-a miser-um

Singular Genitive miser-ī miser-ae miser-ī

Singular Dative miser-ō miser-ae miser-ō

Singular Accusative miser-um miser-am miser-um

Singular Ablative miser-ō miser-ā miser-ō

Plural Nominative miser-ī miser-ae miser-a

Plural Genitive miser-ōrum miser-ārum miser-ōrum

Plural Dative miser-īs miser-īs miser-īs

Plural Accusative miser-ōs miser-ās miser-a

Plural Ablative miser-īs miser-īs miser-īs

No. 76:

Masculinelike ager

Femininelike porta

Neuterlike bellum

Singular Nominative INTEGER integr-a integr-um

Singular Genitive integr-ī integr-ae integr-ī

Singular Dative integr-ō integr-ae integr-ō

Singular Accusative integr-um integr-am integr-um

Singular Ablative integr-ō integr-ā integr-ō

Plural Nominative integr-ī integr-ae integr-a

Plural Genitive integr-ōrum integr-ārum integr-ōrum

Plural Dative integr-īs integr-īs integr-īs

Plural Accusative integr-ōs integr-ās integr-a

Plural Ablative integr-īs integr-īs integr-īs

WEEK 8

No 77: Adjectives in -is, is, -e of the 3rd Declension. The most important kind of adjectives in the 3rd declension has -is, us, -e in the nominative.

Gravis, e, - heavy, severe, serious is declined thus:

No. 78

Masculine Feminine Neuter

Singular Nominative grav-is grav-is grav-e

Singular Genitive grav-is grav-is grav-is

Singular Dative grav-ī grav-ī grav-ī

Singular Accusative grav-em grav-em grav-e

Singular Ablative grav-ī grav-ī grav-ī

Plural Nominative grav-ēs grav-ēs grav-iaPlural Genitive grav-ium grav-ium grav-iumPlural Dative grav-ibus grav-ibus grav-ibus

Plural Accusative grav-ēs grav-ēs grav-iaPlural Ablative grav-ibus grav-ibus grav-ibus

WEEK 9

VERBS

No. 142 Verbs have voice, mood, tense, number, and person.

No. 143 Voice. There are two voices: active and passive

No. 144 a. The active represents the subject as acting or being. Lēgātum laudō. I praise the envoy.

No. 145 b. The passive represent the subject as acted upon. Laudor. I am praised.

No. 146. Mood(1) - There are three moods: indicative, subjunctive, imperative.

No. 147. Tense (1) - There are six tenses: present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect.

(1) The meanings and uses of the moods and tenses must be learned from syntax.

No. 148. Number. There are two numbers: singular and plural.

No. 149 Person. There are three persons: First (the one speaking - I, we) Second (the one spoken to - you). Third (the one spoken of - he, she, it, they)

No. 150 Conjugation consists in adding the proper endings to the proper stem to show the different voices, moods, tenses, numbers and persons.

No. 151 - The Four Conjugations. There are four conjugations in Latin. They can be distinguished by the endings of the present infinitive active.

1 2 3 4

-āre -ēre -ere -īre

laud-āre mon-ēre mitt-ere aud-īre

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No. 152 Principal Parts. There are four parts of the verb called principal parts because all the others are formed on them or on their stems. These parts are:

1 2 3 4

Pres. ind. act. laud-ō mon-eō mitt-ō aud-iō

Pres. infin. act. laud-āre mon-ēre mitt-ere aud-īre

Perf. ind. act. laudāv-ī monu-ī mīs-ī audīv-ī

Perf. part. pass. laudāt-us(1) monit-us(1) miss-us (1) audīt-us(1)

(1) The perfect participle passive is given in the masculine in all verbes that use it in all genders; otherwise it is given in the neuter (e.g. in intranstive verbs.) Some verbs have no perfect participle passive; the future participle active is then given as the fourth principal part (e.g. haereō, haerēre, haesī, haesūrus, 2, intr., 'cling')

No. 153 The present stem is found by dropping the ending of the present infintive active. On this stem are formed: all present, imperfect, and future tenses; (1) the gerund and the gerundive.

laud-āre laud- monēre mon- mittere mitt- aud-īre aud-

(1) Except the future participle active and future infinitive passive (see No. 156 and 158)

No. 154 The perfect stem is found by dropping the ending of the perfect indicative. On this stem are formed; all perfect, pluperfect, future perfect tenses active.

laudāvī laudāv- monuī monu-mīsī mīs-audīvī audīv-

No. 155 The perfect participle passive is used with forms of the verb esse to form the perfect, pluperfect, future perfect tenses passive.

laudātus laudātus sum, etc. monitus monitus sum, etc. missus missus sum, etc. audītus audītus sum, etc.

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Other uses of the perfect participle passive:

No. 156 1 The future participle active is formed by changing the -us of the perfect participle passive to -ūrus.

No. 157 2. The supines are formed by changing the -us of the perfect participle passive to -um or to -ū

No. 158 3. The future infinitive passive is formed on this stem by using the supine in -um with īrī as a separate word,

Perf. Part. Pass. Fut. Part. Act. Supines Supines Fut. Inf. Passlaudātus laudāt-ūrus laudāt-um laudāt-ū laudātum īrī

monitus monit-ūrus monit-um monit-ū monitum īrī

missus miss-ūrus miss-um miss-ū missum īrī

audītus audīt-ūrus audīt-um audīt-ū audītum īrī

No. 159 How to Conjugate. 1. The principal parts must be learned from the vocabularies.(1)2. The present infinitive shows to which conjugation the verb belongs. 3. Find the required stems according to the rules given above. 4. Add the endings of the proper conjugation to the stem.

(1) But many verbs of the first, second, and fourth conjugations form their principal parts just like laudō, moneō, audiō. These will be written in the vocabularies: pācō, 1, tr. 'pacify'. etc. The principal parts of the third conjugation, however, will always be written out.

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THE FOUR REGULAR CONJUGATIONS

Model Verbs

Laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātus, 1, tr., praiseMoneō, monēre, monuī, monitus, 2, tr., advise Mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus, 3, tr., sendAudiō, audīre, audīvī, audītus, 4, tr., hear

ACTIVE VOICE

No. 160 Personal Signs of the Active

Singular Plural

First (I) -ō or -m (we) -musSecond (you) -s (you) -tis

Third (he, she, it) -t (they) -nt

No 161 Exceptions: First and second person singular perfect indicative: laudāv-ī and laudāv-istī

Active Voice – Indicative Mood

No 162: Present Tense (present stem)

Singular - 1. laud-ō - I praise, I am praising, I do praise 2. laud-ās - you praise, you are praising, you do praise 3. laud-at – he, she, it praises; he, she, it are praising; he, she it does praise

Plural - 1. laud-āmus - we praise, we am praising, we do praise 2. laud-ātis -you praise, you are praising, you do praise 3. laud-ant – they praise, they are praising, they do praise

WEEK 10

WEEK 9 No. 142 - 162 plus 163 - 164


No 163: Imperfect Tense (present stem)

Singular - 1. laud-ābam - I was praising 2. laud-ābas - you were praising 3. laud-ābat – he, she, it were praising

Plural - 1. laud-ābāmus - we were praising 2. laud-ābātis - you were praising 3. laud-ābant – they were praising

No 164: Future Tense (present stem)

Singular - 1. laud-ābō - I will praise (he, she, it will be praising) 2. laud-ābis- you will praise (he, she, it will be praising) 3. laud-ābit– he, she, it will praise (he, she, it will be praising)

Plural - 1. laud-ābimus - we will praise (we will be praising) 2. laud-ābitis - you will praise (you will be praising)

3. laud-ābunt – they will praise (they will be praising)

WEEK 11

No: 165 : Present Tense (present stem) : I advise

mon-eō – I advise, I am advising, I do advise mon-ēs - You advise, You are advising, You do advise mon-et - he, she, it advises; he, she, it is advising; he, she it does advise

mon-ēmus – we advise, we are advising, we do advise mon-ētis - You advise, You are advising, You do advise mon-ent – they advise, they are advising, they do advise

No: 168 : Imperfect Tense (present stem) : I was advising

mon-ēbam- I was advising mon-ēbas - you were advising mon-ēbat – he, she, it was advising

mon-ēbāmus – we were advisingmon-ēbātis – you were advisingmon-ēbant – they were advising

No. 171: Future Tense (present stem): I shall advise

mon-ēbō – I shall advise (you shall be advising)mon-ēbis – you will advise (you will be advising)mon-ēbit – he, she, it will advise (he, she, it will be advising)

mon-ēbimus – we shall advise (we shall be advising)mon-ēbitis – you will advise (you will be advising) mon-ēbunt – they will advise (they will be advising)

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No. 123:

First Person

Singular Nominative ego I

Singular Genitive mei of me of myself

Singular Dative mihi to me to myself

Singular Accusative me me myself

Singular Ablative me (by, etc.) me (by, etc. ) myself

Plural Nominative nos we

Plural Genitive nostrinostrum

of us of ourselves

Plural Dative nobis to us to ourselves

Plural Accusative nos us ourselves

Plural Ablative nobis (by, etc.) us (by, etc.) ourselves

Footnotes: mē - Mēcum, tēcum, nōbīscum, vōbīscum are used for cum, mē, etc. Nostrī and vestrī are objective genitives only (see No. 684) Nostrum and vestrum are used as partitive genitives (See no. 686)

SUM, ESSE, FUI, FUTURUS, intr., am, be

No. 346 – Indicative Present

Singular - sum – I am es – you are est – he, she, it, is

Plural - sumus - we are estis – you are sunt – they are

WEEK 12

No. 124

2nd Person Pronouns

Singular Nominative tū you

Singular Genitive tuī of you of yourself

Singular Dative tibi to you to yourself

Singular Accusative tē you yourself

Singular Ablative tē (by, etc.) you (by, etc. ) yourself

Plural Nominative vōs you

Plural Genitive vestrī vestrum

of you of yourselves

Plural Dative vōbis to you to yourselves

Plural Accusative vōs you yourselves

Plural Ablative vōbis (by, etc.) you (by, etc.) yourselves

Footnotes: mē - Mēcum, tēcum, nōbīscum, vōbīscum are used for cum, mē, etc. Nostrī and vestrī are objective genitives only (see No. 684) Nostrum and vestrum are used as partitive genitives (See no. 686)

Personal Pronouns of the 3rd Person

No. 127 a) Reflexive

Nom. …........... …..............Gen suī of himself, herself, itself, themselvesDat. sibi to himself, herself, itself, themselvesAcc sē (sēsē) himself, herself, itself, themselvesAbl sē (sēsē) (by, etc.) himself, herself, itself, themselves

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No. 128 B. Non-reflexive

Masc Fem Neuter

Sing Nom is he ea she id it

Sing Gen ējus of himhis

ējus of herher

ējus of itits

Sing Dat eī to or for him

eī to or for her

eī to or for it

Sing Acc eum him eam her id it

Sing Abl. eō (by, etc) him

eā (by, etc) her

eō (by, etc) it

Pl Nom eī they eae they ea they (those things)

Pl Gen eōrum of themtheir

eārum of themtheir

eōrum of themtheir

Pl Dat eīs to or for them

eīs to or for them

eīs to or for them

Pl Acc eōs them eās them ea them (those things)

Pl Abl. eīs (by, etc) them

eīs (by, etc) them

eīs (by, etc) them

No. 129 Note: 1. The meanings given for the masculine and feminine of is, ea, id hold only when the pronouns refers to PERSONS. Otherwise all forms are translated as in the neuter.

Urbem cēpit. Posteā eam incendit. He took the city,. Afterwards, he burned it.

No 479 A pronoun agrees with the word to which it refers, in gender and number; its case depends on its use in its own clause.

Roma est magna urbs. Vidistine eam? Eam agrees with Roma. Rome is a large city. Have you seen it? Contra Germanos exercitum duxit. Hi sunt fortes. Hi agrees with Germanos. He led his army against the Germans. These are brave.

Maria quam laudamus Mater Dei est. quam agrees with MariaMary, whom we praise, is the Mother of God.

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No: 166 : Present Tense (present stem) : I sendmitt-eō – I send, I am sending, I do send mitt-is – you send, you are sending, you do sendmitt-it – he, she, it sends; he, she, it is sending; he, she, it does send

mitt-imus – we send, we are sending, we do sendmitt-itis – you send, you are sending, you do sendmitt-unt – they send, they are sending, they do send

No: 169 : Imperfect Tense (present stem) : I was sending

mitt-ēbam – I was sendingmitt-ēbās – you were sendingmitt-ēbat – he, she, it was sending

mitt-ēbāmus – we were sendingmitt-ēbātis – you were sendingmitt-ēbant – they were sending

No. 172: Future Tense (present stem): I shall send

mitt-am – I shall send (I shall be sending)mitt-ēs – you will send (you will be sending)mitt-et – he, she, it will send (he, she, it will be sending)

mitt-ēmus – we shall send (we shall be sending)mitt-ētis – you will send (you will be sending) mitt-ent – they will send (they will be sending)

WEEK 14


No: 167 : Present Tense (present stem) : I hearaud-iō - I hear, I am hearing, I do hearaud- īs – you hear, you are hearing, you do hearaud-it – he, she, it hears; he, she, it is hearing; he, she it, does hear

aud- īmus – we hear, we are hearing, we do hearaud- ītis - you hear, you are hearing, you do hearaud-iunt – they hear, they are hearing, they do hear

No: 170 : Imperfect Tense (present stem) : I was hearing

aud-iēbam – I was hearingaud-iēbās – you were hearing aud-iēbat – he, she, it was hearing

aud-iēbāmus – we were hearingaud-iēbātis – you were hearingaud-iēbant -they were hearing

No. 173: Future Tense (present stem): I shall send

aud-iam – I shall hear (I shall be hearing)aud-iēs – you will hear ( you will be hearing)aud-iet – he, she, it will hear ( he, she, it will be hearing)

aud-iēmus – we shall hear (we shall be hearing)aud-iētis – you will hear (you will be hearing)aud-ient – they will hear (they will be hearing)

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SUM, ESSE, FUI, FUTURUS, intr., am, be

No. 346 – Indicative Present

Singular - sum – I am es – you are est – he, she, it, is

Plural - sumus - we are estis – you are sunt – they are

No. 347 – Indicative Imperfect

Singular – eram - I was erās – you were erat – he, she, it was

Plural – erāmus – we were erātis – you were erant – they were

No. 348 – Indicative Future

Singular - erō – I shall be eris – you will be erit – he, she, it will be

Plural - erimus – we shall be eritis – you will be

erunt – they will be

No. 474 - A predicate adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number, and case Vīta brevis est. Life is short.

No. 477 - An attributive adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number and case. Mīles fortis pugnat.

The brave soldier fights.

WEEK 15

No 174 Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem)

Singular – 1. laudāv-ī - I praised ( I have praised) 2. laudāv-istī - you praised ( you have praised) 3. laudāv-īt - he, she, it praised ( he, she, it has praised)

Plural - 1. laudāv-imus - we praised ( we have praised) 2. laudāv-istis you praised ( you have praised) 3. laudāv-ērunt – they praised (they have praised)

No 175

Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum)

Singular – 1. laudāv-eram - I had praised 2. laudāv-erās - you had praised 3. laudāv-erat - he, she, it had praised

Plural - 1. laudāv-erāmus - we had praised 2. laudāv-erātis - you had praised 3. laudāv-erant – they had praised

No 176

Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Tense (Perfect Stem)

Singular – 1. laudāv-erō - I shall have praised 2. laudāv-eris - you will have praised 3. laudāv-erit - he, she, it will have praised

Plural - 1. laudāv-erimus - we shall have praised 2. laudāv-eritis - you will have praised 3. laudāv-erint – they will have praised

No 177Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem)

Singular – 1. monu-ī - I advised (I have advised) 2. monu-istī - you advised ( you have advised) 3. monu-īt - he, she, it advised (he, she, it has advised)

Plural - 1. monu-imus - we advised ( we have advised) 2. monu-istis - you advised (you have advised)

3. monu-ērunt – they advised (they have advised)S1W15


Singular – 1. mīs -ī - I sent ( I have sent) 2. mīs-istī - you sent ( you have sent) 3. mīs -īt - he, she, it sent ( he, she, it has sent)

Plural - 1. mīs-imus - we sent ( we have sent) 2. mīs-istis - you sent ( you have sent) 3. mīs-ērunt – they sent (they have sent)


Singular – 1. audīv-ī - I heard ( I have heard) 2. audīv-istī - you heard ( you have heard) 3. audīv-īt - he, she, it heard ( he, she, it has heard)

Plural - 1. audīv-imus - we heard ( we have heard) 2. audīv-istis - you heard ( you have heard) 3. audīv-ērunt – they heard (they have heard)

No 180Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum)

Singular – 1. monu-eram - I had advised 2. monu-erās - you had advised 3. monu-erat - he, she, it had advised

Plural - 1. monu-erāmus - we had advised 2. monu-erātis - you had advised 3. monu-erant– they had advised


Singular – 1. mīs -eram - I had sent 2. mīs-erās - you had sent 3. mīs -erat - he, she, it had sent

Plural - 1. mīs-erāmus - we had sent 2. mīs-erātis - you had sent 3. mīs-erant – they had sent

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Singular – 1. audīv-eram - I had heard 2. audīv-erās - you had heard 3. audīv-erat - he, she, it had heard

Plural - 1. audīv-erāmus - we had heard 2. audīv-erātis - you had heard 3. audīv-erant – they had heard

No 183Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem)

Singular – 1. monu-erō - I shall have advised 2. monu-eris - you will have advised 3. monu-erit - he, she, it will have advised

Plural - 1. monu-erimus - we shall have advised 2. monu-eritis - you will have advised 3. monu-erint– they will have advised


Singular – 1. mīs -erō - I shall have sent 2. mīs-eris - you will have sent 3. mīs -erit - he, she, it will have sent

Plural - 1. mīs-erimus - we shall have sent 2. mīs-eritis - you will have sent 3. mīs-erint – they will have sent


Singular – 1. audīv-erō - I shall have heard 2. audīv-eris - you will have heard 3. audīv -erat - he, she, it will have heard

Plural - 1. audīv-erimus - we shall have heard 2. audīv-eritis - you will have heard 3. audīv-erint – they will have heard

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No. 349

Indicative Perfect

Singular – 1. fu-ī - I have been, I was 2. fu-istī - you have been, you were 3. fu-īt - he, she, it has been; he, she it was

Plural - 1. fu-imus - we have been, we were 2. fu-istis - you have been, you were 3. fu-ērunt – they have been, they were

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