Cycling of Matter, Photosynthesis and Respiration Quiz

1. A Tennessee student studying the carbon cycle learned that carbon moves through all four spheres of Earth: the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the biosphere, and the geosphere. The student wanted to understand how carbon cycles through both the abiotic and biotic parts of the planet.

The student knew that limestone, the official state rock of Tennessee, contains carbon because it is made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3).

Which step in the formation of limestone includes biotic parts of the system?a. 1. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphereb. 2. Water in the ocean that contains carbon dioxidec. 3. Calcium carbonate in shells and coralsd. 4. Calcium carbonate in limestone

2. Cellular respiration is a process that allows animals to use energy stored in glucose. Which explanation describes what evidence is needed to prove one of the products of cellular respiration?a. Oxygen is a product that can be identified by a change in pH of a

solution that has an organism performing cellular respiration in it.b. Light is a product that can be identified by an increase in

temperature of a solution that has an organism performing cellular respiration in it.

c. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a product that can be identified by a change in pH of a solution that has an organism performing cellular respiration in it.

d. Nitrogen (N2) is a product that can be identified by a change in color of a solution that has an organism performing cellular respiration in it.

3. The picture shows an exchange of gases between plants and animals.

Which of the following questions could be investigated to identify evidence of the processes involved in the exchange of gas X and gas Y between plants and animals?a. How would animals eating more food affect the tree?b. What gas is produced by the burning of fossil fuels?c. Will this process stop at night?d. How would animals be affected by the change in the number of

trees?

4. Freckles (F) are dominant to not having freckles (f). The diagram shows the cross of a homozygous dominant parent (FF) with a parent of an unknown genotype for freckles.

Predict the unknown genotype and phenotype for the parent by analyzing the Punnett square?

a. homozygous recessive without frecklesb. heterozygous without frecklesc. heterozygous with frecklesd. homozygous dominant with freckles

5.In the diagram below, numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent four different processes that occur during the water cycle.

The water cycle is a key component of the cycling of matter in an ecosystem. Which arrow best indicates the process that occurs in the water cycle directly due to the energy released from the sun?a. 1 c. 3b. 2 d. 4

6. Scientists can use carbon cycle models like the one below to help make predictions about the amounts of carbon in different locations.

Use the carbon cycle model above to identify two processes that would decrease CO2 in the atmosphere if the rates of these processes were to increase. (Select Two)a. photosynthesisb. cellular respirationc. burning of fossil fuelsd. diffusion of CO2 into the oceane. diffusion of CO2 into the atmosphere

7.Fermentation is a form of anaerobic respiration that takes place in yeast cells when there is a limited amount of oxygen available.

How could scientist use the rising of bread as evidence for anaerobic respiration?a. The alcohol produced makes bread dangerous.b. The yeast consumes O2, causing the bread to risec. The lactic acid produce causes the bread to eventually harden.d. Yeast produces carbon dioxide used by bakers to make bread

rise.

8. Flying fish do not actually fly but jump and glide with specially adapted fins.

A student hypothesizes that if a food source were introduced several feet above the ocean’s surface, flying fish might eventually develop wings as an adaptation for reaching the food source. Which of the following investigations would best test this hypothesis after the food source was introduced several feet above the ocean’s surface?a. If the student observed the flying fish in different oceans for a

year.b. If the student observed the flying fish in different oceans for

several generations.c. If the student observed multiple species of fish in the same ocean

for a year.d. If the student observed multiple flying fish that found a food

source under water for several generations.

9. An ecosystem is a community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. Identify which three of the following statements best describes the cycling of matter within an ecosystem. (Select Three)a. animals taking in carbon dioxideb. plants releasing oxygenc. consumers decayingd. polluting the oceane. snow during the winter

10. Part of the equation for photosynthesis is shown below. A substance cycled throughout an ecosystem and released during cellular respiration is missing.

What substance belongs in place of the question mark?a. Carbon c. Nitrogen Dioxideb. Carbon Dioxide d. Hydrogen

11. The diagram represents solar panels collecting energy from sunlight and then converting that energy to electrical energy. The electrical energy can be stored as chemical energy in batteries. Then, this chemical energy can be converted back to electrical energy to power lights and appliances.

Which of these best describes a similarity between photosynthesis and the changes in energy represented by the diagram?a. During photosynthesis, a plant’s leaves change solar energy into

chemical energy, and then the chemical energy is used for the plant’s life functions.

b. During photosynthesis, a plant’s roots absorb and store water until the plant needs the energy stored in the water for the plant’s life functions.

c. During photosynthesis, a plant’s leaves change chemical energy into solar energy, and then the solar energy is used for the plant’s life functions.

d. During photosynthesis, a plant’s roots absorb water and then transform the water into chemical energy that is used for the plant’s life functions.

Answer the following cluster of questions (12 and 13) using the BTB Experiment.

BTB Solution Experiment SetupA student wanted to study how oxygen and carbon dioxide move through ecosystems during the carbon and oxygen cycles. To do this, they set up three jars to represent consumers, producers, and consumers and producers in an ecosystem. They tested the jars for the presence of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Their setup is shown below.

12. Which of the following correctly identifies the role of the different types of living things in the cycling of matter within an ecosystem?a. consumers - creates needed resources in the ecosystem

producers - provides needed resources to the ecosystemb. consumers - feeds on dead animals and returns them to the

ecosystemproducers - feeds on other parts of the ecosystem and provides a needed gas

c. consumers - takes in energy from the sun to spread through the ecosystemproducers - feeds on dead animals and returns them to the ecosystem

d. consumers - feeds on other parts of the ecosystem and provides a needed gasproducers - provides needed resources to the ecosystem

13. Ecosystems are composed of biotic and abiotic factors. Which of the following represent only an abiotic factor in an ecosystem that could have an effect on the ecosystem?a. rivers with more damsb. wood being taken for manufacturingc. waste not being used by fungid. decomposers only taking nutrients from plants

Answer the following cluster of questions (14 and 15) using the BTB Experiment.

BTB Solution Experiment ResultsBromthymol blue (BTB) is a chemical that turns yellow in the presences of carbon dioxide. In the presence of oxygen, BTB stays blue. The student put the same amount of BTB in the three jars, and varied the organisms she placed in each jar. In Jar A, they put two aquatic snails. In Jar B, they put two sprigs of Elodea, an aquatic plant. In Jar C, they put two snails and two sprigs of Elodea.

She examined the jars every day for three days. These are the observations she recorded.

Jar ObservationsA The BTB solution turned yellow.B The BTB solution stayed blue.C The BTB solution stayed blue.

14. After 3 days, which jar best showed what happens during the carbon and oxygen cycles in nature? a. Jar A c. Jar Cb. Jar B d. Jar A and Jar B

15. Which of the following explains why the BTB solution in jar A turned yellow?a. the color of the snailb. the number of snails in the jarc. photosynthesis by the snaild. cellular respiration by the snail

16. A group of students are developing a model to show the cycling of matter throughout an ecosystem.

Which of the following provides the best reasoning for the students to use a food web over a food chain for their models?a. Food chains only show producers and consumers.b. Food webs contain biotic factors and their prey.c. Food webs contain abiotic factors and shows that organisms can

eat or be eaten by more than one thing.d. Food chains show producers, consumers, and decomposers and

the gases they release into an ecosystem.

17. Early Earth had a much lower plant population compared to present day. As a result, Earth’s early atmosphere contained much lower amounts of oxygen compared to present day. Which of the following provides evidence to the process of photosynthesis?a. fewer plants in Earth’s early yearsb. the decreased amount of oxygen in Earth’s atmospherec. increase in the amount of oxygen in Earth’s atmosphered. more animals on Earth present day

18. In corn plants, the trait for red kernels (R) is dominant to yellow kernels (r). The Punnett square represents a cross between two corn plants, both of which have a gene for red kernels and a gene for yellow kernels (Rr x Rr).

The diagram below represents an ear of corn with both red and yellow kernels.

Analyze the cross to determine which three of the following questions can be answered by the Punnett square above. (Select three)a. What probability does a homozygous dominant cross between

two yellow kernel plants give their offspring to express yellow kernels?

b. What is the likelihood that their offspring will be pink kernelled?c. Will any of their offspring express yellow kernels?d. Which genotype has the greatest chance of being present in their

offspring?e. What probability does a heterozygous cross between two red

kernel corn plants give their offspring to express red kernels?19.Oxygen is a key component of organisms getting their energy form a food source in

the cycling of matter. In the absence of oxygen, single-celled organisms like yeast are capable of getting energy from their food through fermentation. Which of the following provide evidence of this phenomenon?a. Lactic acid building up in muscles.b. Leaves turning green during the winter.c. New cells being created in an organism.d. Bubbles produced during the making of wine.

20. Coal is mostly carbon. When coal is burned, it reacts with oxygen. The carbon dioxide produced is released into the atmosphere. The chemical reaction for coal burning is shown.

C + O2 CO2

This diagram shows the carbon moving directly into the biosphere.

Based on the model shown, which statement correctly describes what may happen to the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?a. Carbon dioxide becomes solid and falls to the ground.b. Carbon dioxide burns in the atmosphere.c. Carbon dioxide is used by plants in photosynthesis.d. Carbon dioxide is breathed in by animals and humans.

21. The muscles of an athlete are stiff and burning after a workout. How does this provide evidence of anaerobic respiration?a. The increase in oxygen production by the athlete.b. The production of lactic acid causing the muscle stiffness and

burning sensation.c. The reduction of glucose available to be broken down by muscle

cells.d. The production of carbon dioxide causing the athlete to become

thirsty.

22. Answer the question below using the partial food web.

What two abiotic factors directly cycle matter and energy to producers in the food web?a. plants, consumers c. owls, decomposersb. mice, rabbits d. water, sun

23. The diagram below represents a species of beetle (ladybug) with two different body colors labeled A and B. These beetles live on trees and are eaten by birds. The percentage of each body color in the population of this species is indicated. The habitat of this beetle population is a group of trees with light-colored bark.

Based on the information provided, which of the following explain why the beetle population in this habitat contains a higher percentage of beetles with body color A.a. body color B provides warmth from the sunb. body color A is a dominant traitc. body color B is a dominant traitd. body color A provides camouflage

24. Below is a table of energy actions performed within an ecosystem.

Which of the following are correctly matched to make only true statements?a. Fungi - A

Grass - BRabbit - ONone - P

c. Fungi - NGrass - ARabbit - LNone - G

b. Fungi - AGrass - NRabbit - GNone - L

d. Fungi - BGrass - PRabbit - ANone - O

25. The graph below shows the relationship between the amount of light received by a plant and its rate of photosynthesis.

Which of the following explains why this data above provides evidence for the role of plants in the cycling of matter into and out of organisms?a. Plants get their energy from the sun through photosynthesis and

then distribute that energy when consumed.b. Plants do not need energy from the sun to do photosynthesis.c. Plants get their energy from the sun through cellular respiration

and then distribute that energy when consumed.d. Plants get all the energy they need from fertilizers.

26. A partial food web shows the movement of matter and energy in a land ecosystem.

Deer need producers and oxygen to provide energy and matter for their cells. What is the primary source of oxygen for the deer in this ecosystem?a. The oxygen is a product of photosynthesis by the insects.b. The oxygen is a product of photosynthesis by the grasses.c. The oxygen is a product of cellular respiration by the cougar.d. The oxygen is a product of cellular respiration by the grasses

27. The diagram below shows mushrooms growing on a rotting log.

What type of organisms have the role of returning energy from organisms to producers in the cycling of matter?a. consumers c. plantsb. decomposers d. producers

28. In watermelons, a solid green color (G) is dominant to green stripes (g). Two solid green watermelons are crossed, as shown in the Punnett square below.

Which type of watermelon has the greatest chance of being produced by this cross?a. homozygous striped c. heterozygous solidb. homozygous solid d. heterozygous striped

29.Plants and animals use large amounts of water in order to survive. Although vast numbers of plants and animals have lived throughout time, the water in our environment has not been used up. Which of the following explains why?a. Vast quantities of water are created by lightning in clouds.b. Organisms return water to the environment after they use it.c. Organisms combine hydrogen and oxygen to make their own

water.d. Water continually flows from the center of the earth.

30. The arrows in the diagram represent the exchange of gases between different organisms and the environment.

Which biotic factor must take in carbon dioxide released by other parts of the ecosystem to survive?a. rabbit c. bird