Web 2.0 y algo Web 2.0 y algo más.más.

Moving Beyond Web 2.0Moving Beyond Web 2.0

Marshall BreedingMarshall BreedingDirector for Innovative Technologies and ResearchDirector for Innovative Technologies and ResearchVanderbilt UniversityVanderbilt University

http://staffweb.library.vanderbilt.edu/breedinghttp://www.librarytechnology.org/

AbstractAbstract

““Web 2.0 and Beyond”Web 2.0 and Beyond” describes describes the efforts to bring social computing the efforts to bring social computing into the way that libraries provide into the way that libraries provide their Web-based services. This their Web-based services. This lecture will include information on lecture will include information on ways that libraries can adopt these ways that libraries can adopt these concepts and technologies in the concepts and technologies in the short term and incorporate them in short term and incorporate them in longer term automation strategies.longer term automation strategies.

Key library technology Key library technology strategystrategy

Support the core mission of the Support the core mission of the librarylibrary

Deliver library content and servicesDeliver library content and services Automation for all aspects of library Automation for all aspects of library

operationsoperations

Web 2.0 ContextWeb 2.0 Context

Web 1.0Web 1.0

Static WebStatic Web Information silosInformation silos One-way communicationOne-way communication

Web 2.0Web 2.0

Coined by O’Rielly Media in 2004Coined by O’Rielly Media in 2004 Web + Social ComputingWeb + Social Computing Dynamic ContentDynamic Content Highly interactiveHighly interactive CollaborativeCollaborative Focus on the userFocus on the user Focus on communitiesFocus on communities

Web 2.0 examplesWeb 2.0 examples

RSS delivery of contentRSS delivery of content Blogs – Web logs + commentsBlogs – Web logs + comments Wikis – content created in Wikis – content created in

communitycommunity Instant Messaging, SMS, Instant Messaging, SMS, Voice over IP – SkypeVoice over IP – Skype PodcastingPodcasting vlogsvlogs

Web 2.0 supporting Web 2.0 supporting technologiestechnologies

Web servicesWeb services XML APIsXML APIs AJAX (asynchronous JavaScript and AJAX (asynchronous JavaScript and

XML)XML) MicroformatsMicroformats OpenSearch vs SRU/SRWOpenSearch vs SRU/SRW

Web 2.0 media Web 2.0 media Rich media – beyond textRich media – beyond text Music and audioMusic and audio

Well experienced: File swapping, p2p, iPod, Well experienced: File swapping, p2p, iPod, MP3MP3

VideoVideo Recreational and academic: youtube.com, Recreational and academic: youtube.com,

myspace.com/video, yahoo! Video, bittorrent myspace.com/video, yahoo! Video, bittorrent Opportunities to remix. Usually Opportunities to remix. Usually

recreational, but explore ways to tap this recreational, but explore ways to tap this interest with an academic slant.interest with an academic slant.

The sprit of Web 2.0The sprit of Web 2.0

YouTubeYouTube FacebookFacebook MySpaceMySpace FlickrFlickr

Library 2.0Library 2.0

First mentioned by Michael CaseyFirst mentioned by Michael Casey Web 2.0 + Library = Library 2.0Web 2.0 + Library = Library 2.0 Apply Web 2.0 concepts to library Apply Web 2.0 concepts to library

applicationsapplications

ExamplesExamples Library BlogsLibrary Blogs New book lists through RSSNew book lists through RSS WikisWikis

Intranets for staff documentationIntranets for staff documentation Collaborative resources for library usersCollaborative resources for library users

Enriched library catalogsEnriched library catalogs User participation in library resourcesUser participation in library resources

User tagging in catalogUser tagging in catalog ReviewsReviews RatingsRatings

Web 2.0 BenefitsWeb 2.0 Benefits

Major improvements in library Web Major improvements in library Web presencepresence

Better engagement of library usersBetter engagement of library users Fuels energy and engagement of Fuels energy and engagement of

librarianslibrarians Sparks InnovationSparks Innovation

Web 2.0 CritiqueWeb 2.0 Critique

Beyond Web 2.0Beyond Web 2.0 Web 2.0 concepts already 4+ years oldWeb 2.0 concepts already 4+ years old Time to start considering next phases of Web Time to start considering next phases of Web

developmentdevelopment Many libraries have implemented Web 2.0 Many libraries have implemented Web 2.0

concepts in concepts in ad hocad hoc ways ways There has been a proliferation of Web 2.0 silos There has been a proliferation of Web 2.0 silos

that are not well integrated with the strategic that are not well integrated with the strategic technology infrastructure that libraries rely on technology infrastructure that libraries rely on for the automation of their operations and for the for the automation of their operations and for the delivery of their content and services on the Webdelivery of their content and services on the Web

Better integration of new Web concepts into Better integration of new Web concepts into library technology infrastructurelibrary technology infrastructure

Web 3.0Web 3.0

Web 2.0 + artificial intelligenceWeb 2.0 + artificial intelligence Semantic WebSemantic Web Web 2.0 + enterprise computingWeb 2.0 + enterprise computing

Some of the problems with Some of the problems with current Web 2.0 effortscurrent Web 2.0 efforts

Many/Most Web 2.0 projects result in Many/Most Web 2.0 projects result in silos of contentsilos of content

No way to integrate Web 2.0 applications No way to integrate Web 2.0 applications with other content managed by a librarywith other content managed by a library

Often isolated from the key mission of Often isolated from the key mission of delivering content and services to usersdelivering content and services to users

Can even push users out of the library Can even push users out of the library Web presence when we need to be Web presence when we need to be funneling them inwardfunneling them inward

Sustainability: many dead library blogsSustainability: many dead library blogs

Web 2.0 Systems Web 2.0 Systems Architecture Architecture

Uncoordinated matrix of data and usersUncoordinated matrix of data and users No curation of content residing in Web 2.0 No curation of content residing in Web 2.0

applicationsapplications Lack of interoperability of Web 2.0 Lack of interoperability of Web 2.0

applicationsapplications Lack of identity management. Web 2.0 Lack of identity management. Web 2.0

applications inherently rely on user interaction applications inherently rely on user interaction with content. Currently there are few Web 2.0 with content. Currently there are few Web 2.0 applications that integrate with the identity of applications that integrate with the identity of library patrons as managed by their basic library patrons as managed by their basic automation infrastructure. E.g. ILS.automation infrastructure. E.g. ILS.

What’s beyond Web 2.0?What’s beyond Web 2.0?

Don’t plateau at Web 2.0 but Don’t plateau at Web 2.0 but continue the evolution of library continue the evolution of library technologies toward a fully technologies toward a fully collaborative model of computing.collaborative model of computing.

Must evolve into an organized fabric Must evolve into an organized fabric of interrelated Web services.of interrelated Web services.

Evolve Web 2.0 to enterprise Evolve Web 2.0 to enterprise technologiestechnologies

State of library State of library automationautomation

Largely in the Web 1.0 realmLargely in the Web 1.0 realm Fragmented set of tools for library Fragmented set of tools for library

automationautomation Fragment user experienceFragment user experience Next-generation catalogs helping to Next-generation catalogs helping to

move into Web 2.0move into Web 2.0

Library Catalog Library Catalog DevelopmentDevelopment

Problems with the legacy Problems with the legacy OPACOPAC

A look and feel that may not meet the A look and feel that may not meet the expectations of the current generation of Web-expectations of the current generation of Web-savvy users.savvy users.

The conventional library environment requires The conventional library environment requires users to interact with many different interfaces, users to interact with many different interfaces, and search many different resources.and search many different resources.

Overly complex Overly complex Not always intuitiveNot always intuitive Users have to go to different places to find Users have to go to different places to find

different kinds of information on a given topic: different kinds of information on a given topic: Library OPAC for books, Article and E-journal Library OPAC for books, Article and E-journal locators for articles.locators for articles.

An urgent needAn urgent need Baby boomers and Gen X’rs are happier with Baby boomers and Gen X’rs are happier with

traditional forms of content and existing modes traditional forms of content and existing modes of serviceof service

Millennials will move on to non-library provided Millennials will move on to non-library provided information sources and services if not readily information sources and services if not readily satisfiedsatisfied

There is a lot at stake for the future of libraries There is a lot at stake for the future of libraries in adapting to generational transitions.in adapting to generational transitions.

Web 2.0 provides a metaphor and model for Web 2.0 provides a metaphor and model for adapting library services to today’s Web-savvy adapting library services to today’s Web-savvy users.users.

Web 2.0 flavoringsWeb 2.0 flavorings

A more social and collaborative A more social and collaborative approachapproach

Web Tools and technology that Web Tools and technology that foster collaborationfoster collaboration

Blogs, wiki, blogs, tagging, social Blogs, wiki, blogs, tagging, social bookmarking, user rating, user bookmarking, user rating, user reviewsreviews

Library OPAC 1.0Library OPAC 1.0

Feature rich, but complexFeature rich, but complex Advanced Boolean SearchAdvanced Boolean Search Textual displaysTextual displays Results in alphabetical or catalog Results in alphabetical or catalog

key orderkey order Slow, cumbersomeSlow, cumbersome Focused on the physical inventoryFocused on the physical inventory

Change underwayChange underway

Widespread dissatisfaction with most of Widespread dissatisfaction with most of the current OPACs. Many efforts toward the current OPACs. Many efforts toward next-generation catalogs and interfaces.next-generation catalogs and interfaces.

Movement among libraries to break out of Movement among libraries to break out of the current mold of library catalogs and the current mold of library catalogs and offer new interfaces better suited to the offer new interfaces better suited to the expectations of library users. expectations of library users.

Decoupling of the front-end interface from Decoupling of the front-end interface from the back-end library automation system.the back-end library automation system.

Working toward next Working toward next generation library generation library

interfacesinterfaces Redefinition of the library catalogRedefinition of the library catalog More comprehensive information More comprehensive information

discovery environmentsdiscovery environments Better information delivery toolsBetter information delivery tools More powerful search capabilitiesMore powerful search capabilities More elegant presentationMore elegant presentation

Redefinition of library Redefinition of library catalogscatalogs

Traditional notions of the library catalog Traditional notions of the library catalog are being questionedare being questioned

It’s no longer enough to provide a catalog It’s no longer enough to provide a catalog limited to print resourceslimited to print resources

Digital resources cannot be an afterthoughtDigital resources cannot be an afterthought Forcing users to use different interfaces Forcing users to use different interfaces

depending on type of content becoming depending on type of content becoming less tenableless tenable

Libraries working toward consolidated Libraries working toward consolidated search environments that give equal search environments that give equal footing to digital and print resourcesfooting to digital and print resources

Library OPAC 2.0Library OPAC 2.0

Satisfying to the Web-savvy userSatisfying to the Web-savvy user Faceted browsing – drill-down model Faceted browsing – drill-down model

of searchof search Graphical displays – cover art imagesGraphical displays – cover art images Enriched content – TOC, summariesEnriched content – TOC, summaries User tagging, folksonomies, ratings, User tagging, folksonomies, ratings,

reviewsreviews Federated search as a separate serviceFederated search as a separate service

The CompetitionThe Competition

Better?Better?

Better?Better?

Provide an integrated user Provide an integrated user experienceexperience

Tag items in catalogTag items in catalog System delivers content in ways that System delivers content in ways that

take into account the preferences take into account the preferences and previous selections of usersand previous selections of users Recommendation servicesRecommendation services Option for relevancy based on user’s Option for relevancy based on user’s

past search behavior past search behavior Reviews and ratingsReviews and ratings

Library OPAC 3.0Library OPAC 3.0 Comprehensive search environment:Comprehensive search environment:

Digital on equal footing with printDigital on equal footing with print Federated search as an integrated service: access to full-text of Federated search as an integrated service: access to full-text of

subscribed contentsubscribed content Beyond MARC metadata: Dublin Core XML, Onix, etc: Beyond MARC metadata: Dublin Core XML, Onix, etc:

full-text searchingfull-text searching Searching “inside the book”Searching “inside the book” Integrated resource sharing architectureIntegrated resource sharing architecture A more social OPAC with built-in tools for collaborationA more social OPAC with built-in tools for collaboration Fully integrated with other community and campus Fully integrated with other community and campus

resourcesresources ILS fully integrated with other information and business ILS fully integrated with other information and business

systemssystems One-click fulfillmentOne-click fulfillment

Deep searchDeep search Entering post-metadata search eraEntering post-metadata search era Increasing opportunities to search the full contentsIncreasing opportunities to search the full contents

Google Library Print, Google Publisher, Open Google Library Print, Google Publisher, Open Content Alliance, Microsoft Live Book Search, etc.Content Alliance, Microsoft Live Book Search, etc.

High-quality metadata will improve search precisionHigh-quality metadata will improve search precision Commercial search providers already offer “search Commercial search providers already offer “search

inside the book”inside the book” No comprehensive full text search for books quite yetNo comprehensive full text search for books quite yet Not currently available through library search Not currently available through library search

environmentsenvironments Deep search highly improved by high-quality metadataDeep search highly improved by high-quality metadataSee: Systems Librarian, May 2008 “Beyond the current generation of next-generation interfaces: See: Systems Librarian, May 2008 “Beyond the current generation of next-generation interfaces:

deeper search”deeper search”

Beyond Web 2.0Beyond Web 2.0

Readying library collections and Readying library collections and catalogs for the next generation will catalogs for the next generation will require more than a cosmetic touch-require more than a cosmetic touch-upup

Prompts libraries to accelerate Prompts libraries to accelerate changes already underwaychanges already underway

Multiple frontsMultiple fronts

Continued development of new Continued development of new interfaces that embrace interfaces that embrace collaborative computingcollaborative computing

Reinvent basic automation systems Reinvent basic automation systems Provide better support for the Provide better support for the

collaboration and user interactivity collaboration and user interactivity into the core automation into the core automation infrastructure.infrastructure.

ILS still in Web 1.0 realmILS still in Web 1.0 realm

The current ILS model does not lend The current ILS model does not lend itself to Web 2.0 conceptsitself to Web 2.0 concepts

Front-end evolving, back-end Front-end evolving, back-end modules locked into legacy modelsmodules locked into legacy models

ILS: ever diminishing ILS: ever diminishing rolerole

Many libraries putting much less emphasis on Many libraries putting much less emphasis on ILSILS

Just an inventory system for physical materialsJust an inventory system for physical materials Investments in electronic content increasingInvestments in electronic content increasing Management of e-content handled outside of the Management of e-content handled outside of the

ILSILS Yet: libraries need comprehensive business Yet: libraries need comprehensive business

automation more than ever. Mandate for more automation more than ever. Mandate for more efficient operations. Do more with less.efficient operations. Do more with less.

Fulfillment orientedFulfillment oriented

Search works more like shoppingSearch works more like shopping Content silos > syndicated content Content silos > syndicated content

providersproviders Fulfillment = Circulation + ILL + Fulfillment = Circulation + ILL +

Consortial borrowing + Consortial borrowing +

Example: Blog module Example: Blog module for ILS for ILS

Create interoperability for Create interoperability for traditional Web 2.0 functionalitytraditional Web 2.0 functionality

Become part of library discovery Become part of library discovery environmentenvironment

Curated contentCurated content Makes use of patron profile in the Makes use of patron profile in the

ILSILS

ChallengesChallenges Web 2.0 community:Web 2.0 community:

Evolution toward enterprise approachEvolution toward enterprise approach Explore ways to bring concepts into systems that Explore ways to bring concepts into systems that

deliver core content and servicesdeliver core content and services Automation VendorsAutomation Vendors

More modern systems based on services oriented More modern systems based on services oriented architecturearchitecture

Embrace collaborative computing and social Embrace collaborative computing and social networkingnetworking

Better interoperabilityBetter interoperability Fewer isolated products Fewer isolated products

Open source communityOpen source community Work toward new generation of library automationWork toward new generation of library automation Not simply open source versions of legacy systemsNot simply open source versions of legacy systems

Challenges and Challenges and Opportunities aboundOpportunities abound

An exciting time for librariesAn exciting time for libraries Web 2.0 fuels new excitement for Web 2.0 fuels new excitement for

modernizing library services and modernizing library services and supporting technologiessupporting technologies

Projects underway that attempt a more Projects underway that attempt a more comprehensive approach for library comprehensive approach for library automationautomation

Need to bring Web 2.0 concepts into the Need to bring Web 2.0 concepts into the core of library automationcore of library automation

Questions and Questions and DiscussionDiscussion