wcet certification

Wireless CommunicationEngineering Technologies(WCET) Certification ProgramProgram

HandbookCandidate’s2011

Wireless CommuniCation engineering teChnologies (WCET)Candidate’s Handbook

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Quick Reference Guide

Contact Information

IEEE WCET Certification Program IEEE Communications Society (IEEE ComSoc) 3 Park Avenue, 17th Floor New York, NY 10016 USA tel: +1 212 705 8900 fax: +1 212 705 8999 email: [email protected] website: www.ieee-wcet.org

Professional Examination Service (PES) 475 Riverside Drive, 6th Floor IEEE WCET Testing Office (431) New York, NY 10115 USA tel: +1 866 285 0429 or +1 212 367 4369 fax: +1 917 305 9879 email: [email protected]

Prometric IEEE WCET Program 1501 South Clinton Street Baltimore, MD 21224 USA tel: +1 800 532 2169* website: www.prometric.com/wcet

*See Prometric Regional Contact Center Information for numbers outside the U.S., U.S. territories or Canada.

Important 2011 Dates

Testing Window Application Period Application Deadline

20 March - 16 April 2011 Through 4 March 20114 March 2011

by 23:59 p.m. UTC

2 October - 29 October 2011 Through 16 September 201116 September 2011 by 23:59 p.m. UTC

Examination and Other FeesIEEE WCET total examination fee for IEEE and IEEE ComSoc members US$450* IEEE WCET total examination fee for nonmembers US$500* Duplicate certificate Processing plus shipping fee

Review of examination score US$50 Online practice examination US$50

*A nonrefundable US$95 application fee is included in the total examination fee.

Copyright ©2010. IEEE. All Rights Reserved.


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Application, Scheduling/Rescheduling, Withdrawal, Refund, and Other Information

Apply for the IEEE WCET certification Visit www.ieee-wcet.org

Update your contact information Visit www.ieee-wcet.org

Schedule an appointment Visit www.prometric.com/wcet or Call the number listed on your Authorization to Schedule notice

Cancel or reschedule an appointment Visit www.prometric.com/wcet orCall the number listed on your Authorization to Schedule notice

Withdraw your IEEE WCET certification application (no appointment) Visit www.ieee-wcet.org

Refund requests Visit www.ieee-wcet.org

View/print score report Visit www.ieee-wcet.org

Request a duplicate certificate Email [email protected]

Request a review of examination score Visit www.ieee-wcet.org

Special accommodation request Email PES at [email protected] or Call +1 866 285 0429 or +1 212 367 4367

General customer service Email PES at [email protected] orCall +1 866 285 0429 or +1 212 367 4367


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Contents

Introduction Certification Overview 6

IEEE WCET Examination Overview 7

IEEE WCET Certification Denial and Revocation Appeals 10

Applying for the Examination

Eligibility Recommendations 12

Application and Examination Fees 13

Testing Windows and Application Deadlines 14

Special Accommodation Requests 14

Completing and Submitting the Application 15

Updating Contact Information 16

Application Audit Process 17

After Applying for the Examination

Schedule an Appointment 19

Testing Center Locations 20

Prometric Regional Contact Center Information 21

Appointment Changes, Withdrawals, and Refunds 22

Studying for the Examination

Examination Preparation 27

On Examination Day Presenting Positive Proof of Identity 29

Testing Center Rules 30

Security Acknowledgement and Agreement 31

Inclement Weather and Local or National Emergencies 32


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After the Examination Receiving Examination Results 34

Retaking the Examination 34

Duplicate Score Reports/Replacement Certificates 35

Review of Examination Score 36

Appendix A IEEE WCET Examination Specifications 38

Appendix B International Testing Center Locations 50

Appendix C Sample References 57

Appendix D

Appendix E

Appendix F

IEEE Communications Society

Top 5 Reasons for Organizations to support the

IEEE WCET credential

Sample Examination Questions 58

IEEE WCET Glossary Constants, Conversions and Equations 60

Special Testing Accommodation Request Form 67

Documentation of Disability-Related Needs by Qualified Professional 68

Supporting Documentation of Wireless Communication Engineering Experience 69

About the IEEE Communications Society 71

Supporting Wireless Communication Engineering Technologies Certification 73

Introduction


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Introduction

Certification Overview

What Is Certification?

Certification is a voluntary process by which individuals are assessed against predetermined standards for knowledge/skills/competencies and granted a time-limited credential. Certification normally requires assessment, including testing, and an evaluation of education and/or experience. Certified individuals are usually issued a certificate attesting that they have met the standards of the credentialing organization and are entitled to make the public aware of their credentialed status, usually through the use of acronyms (e.g., WCP – Wireless Communication Professional) after their names.

This certification differs from an assessment-based certificate program in that the IEEE Wireless Communication Engineering Technologies Certification includes a work experience component. In contrast, an assessment-based certificate program is a relatively short, non-degree granting program that provides instruction and training to aid individuals in acquiring knowledge/skills/competencies and designates that individuals have passed an end-of-program assessment derived from the learning/course objectives. Although assessment may be an integral part of a certificate program, the primary purpose of such a program is to provide instruction and training.

Why Is Certification Desirable?

Certification sets those with the credential apart from—or above—those without it. There are a number of advantages to obtaining certification. Certification becomes a public recognition of professional achievement, both within and outside the profession. For many individuals, achieving certification becomes a personal professional goal, a way to test one’s knowledge and to measure it against one’s peers. Others see certification as an aid to career advancement.

The IEEE WCET Certification Program

Global communication is the defining political and economic force in the world today. It requires new ways of thinking and responding. For engineering professionals, recognizing and understanding this phenomenon is fast becoming a job requirement.

The IEEE Communications Society (IEEE ComSoc) has designed the IEEE WCET certification program to address the worldwide wireless industry’s growing and ever-evolving need for qualified communication professionals who can demonstrate practical problem-solving skills in real-world situations. Individuals who achieve this certification will be recognized as having the required knowledge, skill, and ability to meet wireless challenges in various industry, business, corporate, and organizational settings.

To assist with the development of the IEEE WCET certification program, IEEE ComSoc has contracted with Professional Examination Service (PES), a testing organization with more than 60 years of experience in the development and administration of licensing and certification programs. IEEE ComSoc has also contracted with Prometric, the leading global provider of comprehensive testing and assessment services, to deliver the IEEE WCET examination via computer at their testing centers throughout the world.


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Purpose and Use of Certification

The IEEE WCET certification shows that the individual has demonstrated mastery of the internationally recognized body of wireless communication knowledge and has accepted the challenge to stay informed of new developments in the wireless field.

The WCET certification is completely voluntary. Organizations or individuals incorporating IEEE WCET certification as a condition of employment or advancement do so of their own volition. Individuals should determine for themselves whether certification, including eligibility and recertification requirements, when coupled with any other requirements imposed by individuals or organizations, meets their needs and complies with applicable laws.

The IEEE WCET certification designation is a visible reminder to peers and co-workers of the individual’s significant professional achievement. IEEE WCET-certified professionals should proudly display their certificates and use the WCP credential on business correspondence.

IEEE WCET Examination Overview

IEEE WCET Examination

The IEEE WCET examination is administered on computer and consists of 150 scored multiple-choice questions plus 15 unscored pretest questions randomly distributed throughout the examination (a total of 165 questions). Test questions on the examination are in English and are based on the most recently published test specifications (see Appendix A). Each question lists four possible answers, only one of which is the correct or “best possible” answer. The answer to each question can be derived independently of the answer to any other question. Four (4) hours are allotted to complete the examination. A calculator will be available online for use during the examination. A brief tutorial will be available prior to the start of the examination to instruct candidates on how to mark and unmark answers, how to navigate through the examination, and how to use the calculator. A glossary of commonly used wireless communication terms will be available via a link during the examination process. This same glossary is also available on the website www.ieee-wcet.org.

A candidate must obtain a scale score of 500 or higher, on a scale of 200 to 800, in order to pass the examination and receive his or her certification.

For those considering taking the IEEE WCET examination, IEEE ComSoc offers an online practice examination. See the section on “Studying for the Examination” in this handbook for more information on the practice examination.

Pretest Questions

A candidate’s test score is based on the responses to the 150 scored multiple-choice items. Pretest questions are not counted in scoring. They are, however, essential in building the bank of IEEE WCET test questions and are included on the examination in order to statistically assess their difficulty level and effectiveness at discriminating between candidates who meet the passing standard and those who do not. The information gathered in the pretest process determines whether the questions meet statistical guidelines for inclusion on future examinations.


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On Test Day

On test day, candidates should answer easy questions first and mark the more difficult ones to return to later. There is no penalty for guessing, so candidates should answer all the questions, if possible. There are optional survey questions at the end of the examination that candidates are encouraged to answer. Responses are confidential. The information collected is used for statistical purposes only.

IEEE WCET Examination Areas of Expertise

The IEEE WCET examination consists of questions in several different areas of expertise. A short description of these areas and the examination weightings (the percentage of questions allocated to each area of expertise) are presented below.

Area 1 (19-23%) - RF Engineering, Propagation, Antennas, and Signal Processing: Tasks and knowledge related to: antennas, RF engineering, transmission, reception, propagation, channel modeling, and signal processing.

Evaluate system performance and reliability; calculate path loss; evaluate the effects of different fading and empirical path loss models; calculate and evaluate the effects on the received signal of path-related impairments; determine parameters related to antennas or antenna arrays; generate and evaluate coverage and interference prediction maps; develop and analyze procedure to optimize the coverage of a radio; make RF system measurements.

Area 2 (19-23%) - Wireless Access Technologies: Tasks and knowledge related to wireless access networks, especially the physical, MAC, and link layers.

Analyze building blocks, multiple access, mobility management, and spectrum implications in wireless access system design; analyze design considerations to optimize capacity/coverage; design and analyze a wireless access system; analyze the required bandwidth for a wireless system and tradeoffs; analyze wireless access technology standards, their features, and evolution.

Area 3 (19-23%) - Network and Service Architecture: Tasks and knowledge related to network infrastructure, including core networks; service frameworks such as IMS; and application architectures such as voice, video streaming, and messaging. All-IP services architecture as in 3GPP Rel 6 and beyond, including Enhanced Packet Services (EPS) as in 3GPP Rel 8 LTE (Long Term Evolution) and EPC (Enhanced Packet Core).

Analyze service platforms, IP addressing schemes for various technologies; design and test quality of service (QoS); select and test a load-balancing scheme; analyze IP routing and ad hoc routing and mesh protocols; perform capacity planning, error tracking, and trace analysis; analyze the evolution of mobile networks to enable IP multimedia.

Area 4 (11-15%) - Network Management and Security: Tasks and knowledge related to fault, configuration, account, performance, maintenance, security management, management availability, and operation support systems (examples include network service assurance and provisioning).


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Design a fault monitoring system and a performance monitoring system; develop/specify types and methods of alarm reporting; compute availability and reliability metrics; assess the potential impacts of known security attacks; plan corresponding solutions to known security attacks.

Area 5 (6-8%) - Facilities Infrastructure: Tasks and knowledge related to the specification, design, implementation, and operation of facilities and sites.

Determine power consumption; analyze electrical protection requirements and design the electrical protection layout for a wireless telecommunications facility; determine the required antennas for the facility and their positions; develop a specification for the required structure for a wireless base station facility; determine the required cable, antennas, and materials to implement an in-building wireless network; evaluate equipment compliance with industry standards, codes, and site requirements.

Area 6 (6-8%) - Agreements, Standards, Policies, and Regulations: Tasks and knowledge related to externally imposed compliance requirements and conformance testing, including interoperability.

Assess service and equipment quality; prepare specifications for purchasing services and equipment and evaluate the responses; verify compliance with regulatory requirements; select and analyze frequency assignments; perform standardized homologation tests as required by regulatory or standardization bodies; evaluate compliance with health, safety, and environmental requirements; perform conformance/interoperability analyses of systems and components; analyze the use of licensed vs. unlicensed spectrum; obtain licenses and permits.

Area 7 (8-12%) - Fundamental Knowledge: Basic knowledge that a wireless communications engineer would use in order to perform tasks across all domains.

Apply basic concepts related to electrical engineering, communications systems, and general engineering management.

Examinations are reviewed by a panel of IEEE WCET subject matter experts to ensure that the questions are current and reflect the published test specifications. See Appendix A for the complete version of the examination specifications.


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IEEE WCET Certification Denial and Revocation Appeals

Denial or Revocation of IEEE WCET Certification

Applications may be denied or certifications revoked for any of the following reasons:

• Falsification or misrepresentation of education and/or work experience or other information on the examination application;

• Violation of testing procedures;• Failure to pass the certification examination; or• Failure to meet recertification requirements.

Candidates whose applications are denied or certifications revoked for any of the above reasons will be notified in writing. Candidates may appeal the decision to the IEEE WCET Appeals Board by submitting an appeal in writing. Appeals must:

• Be in writing, signed by the candidate; • Be sent to IEEE Communications Society - WCET by certified mail;• Explain the specific reason(s) for appeal;• Be accompanied by evidence or other pertinent information refuting the original decision; and• Be postmarked no later than ten (10) business days after the notification date on the letter.

Appeals should be addressed to:

IEEE WCET Appeals Board IEEE Communications Society 3 Park Avenue, 17th Floor New York, NY 10016 USA

Appeals Board for IEEE WCET Certification Denial and Revocation

Appeal requests will be reviewed by the WCET Appeals Board. The Appeals Board is composed of two WCET Steering Committee members or their designees, one WCET professional, one WCET staff member, and an attorney if deemed appropriate.

The Appeals Board will review the request within 15 business days of receipt. During the review of the appeal, the Board may request additional documentation as needed. All information received will be considered strictly confidential and will be used only to review the appeal.

Appeals Decision

Candidates submitting an appeal will receive written notification of the decision within 30 days of receipt of the request. This notification will also be provided to the IEEE WCET Steering Committee. The IEEE WCET Appeal Board’s decision is final.


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Eligibility Recommendations

The IEEE WCET is a broad-based examination that assesses knowledge of the entire wireless communication engineering field. If you have never been a wireless communication engineering practitioner, or do not plan to become one, you will need to evaluate whether it is appropriate for you to take this examination. The IEEE WCET examination is intended for professionals who develop and implement all types of wireless communication in countries throughout the world.

The WCET exam has been constructed by subject matter experts and hiring managers to assess the skills and knowledge of practicing wireless communications professionals with the equivalent of a college or university degree and three or more years of professional experience. The decision as to whether an individual is qualified to take the exam is an assessment that should be made by the applicant with this understanding. In making the decision, an applicant should consider the following factors.

• The college or university should be accredited in the country in which it is located.

• Graduate-level educational experience may be comparable to an equivalent period of professional work experience.

• “Professional wireless experience” means that at least 51% of the candidate’s daily activities are in the field of wireless communication engineering and those activities are at the professional level.

• A thorough familiarity with the topics covered by the exam, as described in Appendix A of this Handbook, is necessary to achieve success on the examination.

• Success on the practice exam, available on line, has been shown to be an indicator that a candidate is probably qualified to take the certification examination.

• Applicants with a combination of a bachelor’s degree or comparable education plus three or more years of professional experience – or other similar level of preparation – have been more successful on the examination than those with less preparation.

The examination reflects current wireless communication engineering practices. Although the three years of professional wireless communication engineering experience need not be current or sequential, recent experience is more likely to coincide with the content of the examination.

Candidates with questions about the recommended eligibility criteria can email “[email protected]”. Ultimately, however, it is up to each candidate to decide if his or her level of education and experience qualifies the candidate to apply for the examination.

The IEEE WCET certification program does not discriminate on the basis of race, religion, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, or disability. IEEE Membership is not a requirement to qualify to take the exam and nothing in the preceding statements should be so interpreted.


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Application and Examination Fees

The total examination fee is US$450 for IEEE or IEEE ComSoc members and US$500 for nonmembers. The total examination fee includes a US$95 nonrefundable application fee. (See the table below.) If you are not a member of IEEE and wish to become one, visit www.ieee.org and click on the Membership tab to enroll before you apply for the IEEE WCET certification examination. Candidates must be full members of IEEE at the time of application in order to receive the discount and must include their IEEE membership number in the relevant area on the application. If your membership number is valid, you will be able to complete the application and pay the US$450 fee. If your membership number is not valid, you will be able to complete the application but will need to pay the US$500 fee.

Organizations or employers may sponsor candidates for the examination. Candidates who are being sponsored by an employer will receive a promotional code from their sponsor. Candidates should enter this promotional code (and credit card information if applicable) in the payment section of the application.

2011 IEEE WCET Examination Fees

Application Fee (nonrefundable)

Exam Fee Total Exam Fee

IEEE or IEEE ComSoc Member

US$95 US$355 US$450

Nonmember US$95 US$405 US$500

Sponsored Candidates

Check with your employer Check with your employerCheck with your

employer

Payment Methods

Examination fees are due at the time of application submission. Applicants may pay by VISA, MasterCard, or American Express.


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Testing Windows and Application Deadlines

The “testing window” is the time period during which the WCET examination is offered. In 2011 and future years, it is anticipated that there will be two testing windows annually. The 2011 testing windows run from 20 March through 16 April and from 2 October through 29 October. Candidates may test on any date during the testing window, depending upon the availability of appointments at the Prometric testing centers.

Candidates may apply for either of the next two upcoming testing windows. For example, in early 2011, applicants can choose the Spring or Fall 2011 testing window. Once the Spring 2011 application window closes, the choice will be for the Fall 2011 or Spring 2012 testing window. Note that each testing window has an application deadline, as shown in the table below. Application for the Spring testing window must be completed by 23:59 p.m. UTC on 4 March 2011. Application for the Fall 2011 testing window can be made at any time but must be completed by 23:59 p.m. on 16 September 2011.

Testing Window Application Period Application Deadline

20 March - 16 April 2011 Through 4 March 20114 March 2011

by 23:59 p.m. UTC

2 October - 29 October 2011 Through 16 September 201116 September 2011 by 23:59 p.m. UTC

Special Accommodation Requests

IEEE ComSoc will, to the best of its ability, accommodate candidates with disabilities who need special arrangements to take the examination. Auxiliary aids and services will be provided except where these may fundamentally alter the examination or result in an undue burden.

Prometric may be unable to comply with special accommodation requests made by candidates taking the examination where local operating conditions or local laws and customs render such requests unlawful, impossible, or economically unfeasible to perform.

A special accommodation request must be made by the candidate at the time of application by marking the appropriate box on the online application. Candidates who request special accommodations must also submit the Special Testing Accommodation Request form and the Documentation of Disability-Related Needs by Qualified Professional form (located in Appendix E of this handbook and in the online application). The Documentation of Disability-Related Needs form must be completed by a professional with a license or credential appropriate to diagnose and treat the candidate’s disability. The nature of the disability, identification of the test(s) and protocols used to confirm the diagnosis, a description of past accommodations made for the disability, and the specific testing accommodations requested must be included. All information submitted will be kept confidential. Full details regarding special accommodations can be found on the website www.ieee-wcet.com.

Candidates must mail, email or fax special accommodation information to PES within ten (10) business days of the date they submit the application. Candidates who do not provide the requested


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information within the specified time frame will forfeit all fees. See the Incomplete Applications section of this handbook. Contact information for PES may be found on the first page of this handbook.

Completing and Submitting the Application

Please read this handbook carefully before applying to take the examination.

Submission of an application attests that you have read this Handbook and agree to be bound by all policies and procedures set forth herein. It also attests that all information presented in the application is correct and complete and that the work history you report represents professional level experience. Submission of your application indicates your agreement to providing supporting documented evidence of your education and/or work experience if requested to do so by IEEE ComSoc and to abide by its decision should the education, work experience, or other submission information be judged to be misrepresented or fraudulent. Further, you are granting permission to IEEE ComSoc to make any inquiries that may be necessary to verify your submission information. Finally, you are agreeing to abide by the rules and decision of IEEE ComSoc and understand that falsification of information on your application is grounds for refusing or revoking certification.

To apply for the IEEE WCET examination, go to www.ieee-wcet.org and click on the “Application” link. When completing the application, you will be asked to provide contact information, and payment information. You will later be asked to answer some demographic questions. Verify that the information you have entered online is correct before you submit the application. Be sure to print and keep a copy of the Candidate Profile page when prompted, since this page is proof that your application is complete and has been submitted.

All candidates who submit an application will be issued an IEEE WCET ID number and receive a confirmation email acknowledgement within 24 hours indicating that their application was successfully transmitted. Candidates will subsequently receive via email an Authorization to Schedule notice providing information on how to schedule the examination. The IEEE WCET ID number will appear on the Candidate Profile page, in the confirmation email acknowledgement, and on the Authorization to Schedule notice. This IEEE WCET ID number will be required to review and modify your application and to schedule your examination. This IEEE WCET ID number will also become your unique ID number for any future IEEE WCET examinations as well as for recertification.

When completing the application, make sure that the name you enter on your application exactly matches the unexpired government-issued ID that you will present at the testing center. Although candidates can review and modify their contact information, for security reasons name changes cannot be made online after the application has been submitted. See the section on “Name Changes” in this handbook for instructions on how to make a name change.

Application Availability

For 2011, the application for the Spring testing window will be available until 23:59 p.m. UTC on 4 March 2011. The application for the Fall testing window will be available until 23:59 p.m. on 16 September 2011. The application availability for future testing windows will be posted at www.ieee-wcet.org.


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Applicants are strongly advised to apply online well in advance of the deadlines, since the volume of applications on the last day of the application period can be heavy. IEEE ComSoc and PES are not responsible for system problems (e.g., web site down or slow, etc.).

Authorization to Schedule

Authorization to Schedule notices will be emailed to all candidates within two (2) days of receipt of a completed application. This notice will provide candidates with the information needed to schedule an examination. Candidates can also access this notice online within two (2) business days of submitting their application. To access the notice, go to www.ieee-wcet.org.

Incomplete Applications

Applications that require additional documentation are considered incomplete until such information is received and processed. PES will send candidates whose applications are incomplete an email indicating what additional documentation is required. If you need to submit the Special Testing Accommodations form, the Documentation of Disability-Related Needs form, the Supporting Documentation form, or other information, these forms must be mailed, emailed, or faxed to PES within ten (10) business days of the date you applied or are notified by PES. Candidates who do not provide their supporting documents within the specified time frame will forfeit all fees.

It is strongly recommended that candidates use a traceable mailing method (e.g., certified or registered mail or expedited mail service that requires a signature) and/or keep a copy of the fax confirmation page to verify delivery.

Updating Contact Information

Address Changes

If a candidate’s address changes at any time during the application period or testing window, the candidate should go online to update this information in the application. Address changes should be made as soon as they are known since certificates are mailed to the postal address listed on the application.

Name Changes

It is important to notify PES of any name changes as soon as possible for two reasons: (1) if the name on your unexpired government-issued ID does not match the name on your Authorization to Schedule notice, you may be denied admission into the testing center, and (2) the score report and certificate will not display your name correctly.

To correct minor changes in your name (e.g., incorrect middle initial, missing hyphen, etc.) as printed on your email acknowledgement or Authorization to Schedule notice, email PES at [email protected] to provide them with the correction(s) at least ten (10) business days before your examination appointment. For security reasons, name changes cannot be made online after the application has been submitted.


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To change your name because of a legal name change (e.g., marriage, divorce), you must submit notarized documentation to PES by mail, email, or fax at least ten (10) business days before your scheduled examination appointment. It is strongly recommended that candidates use a traceable mailing method (e.g., certified or registered mail or expedited mail service that requires a signature) and/or keep a copy of the fax confirmation page to verify delivery.

Do not send originals because these documents cannot be returned. When submitting a name change, make sure that you have an unexpired government-issued ID that matches the requested name. When appearing for the examination appointment, candidates without valid ID will not be admitted to take the examination and will forfeit all fees.

Application Audit Process

Submission of an application indicates your agreement to comply with the terms of the audit process. All applications are potentially subject to an audit, although only a percentage of applications are selected. The selection of an application for an audit is made at random. Candidates will be notified by email if their application has been selected. All audits will occur after an application period closes but before the subsequent testing window begins.

In keeping with the IEEE Code of Ethics, audits are primarily intended to ensure that a candidate has not provided false or misleading information on the application. You may therefore be asked to provide: evidence of your diploma or equivalent educational certification; documentation of your professional work experience, signed by your supervisor or manager; documentation of graduate-level educational experience if that is reported instead of professional work experience; or other written evidence to support the information you provided on your application.

If you successfully complete the audit, you will be eligible to sit for the examination. If you fail to meet the audit requirements, you will forfeit both the application and the examination fees.


18Wireless CommuniCation engineering teChnologies (WCET)Candidate’s Handbook

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After Applying

for the Examination


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After Applying for the Examination

Schedule an Appointment

Examination appointments may be scheduled online or by phone. When scheduling an appointment, the following information will be required:

• Your name exactly as it is printed on the Authorization to Schedule notice and the unexpired government-issued ID you will use to confirm your identity at the testing center;

• Your IEEE WCET ID number as it is listed at the top of the Authorization to Schedule notice;

• Your daytime telephone number; and

• The name of the examination sponsor (IEEE Communications Society).

Online scheduling is encouraged because it is faster and more efficient. An email address is required to schedule online. Candidates who schedule online will receive an email confirming their examination appointment and their confirmation number. To schedule online, go to www.prometric.com/wcet and click on “Schedule an Exam.”

Your appointment confirmation number is different from your IEEE WCET ID number. Make sure you retain your appointment confirmation number since it is required to confirm, reschedule, or cancel an appointment.

Those scheduling an appointment within 48 hours of the end of the application window must do so by phone only. Examination appointments can be scheduled by phone Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. (Regional Contact Center Time). To schedule by phone, call Prometric at the number listed on your Authorization to Schedule notice or contact the appropriate Regional Contact Center. Each Prometric Regional Contact Center serves many different countries. Candidates should use the table on the following page to locate the country in which they will test and then contact the corresponding Regional Contact Center.

Candidates scheduling by phone will not receive written confirmation of their appointment unless they have provided an email address, so it is imperative to note the appointment details and appointment confirmation number. Please retain your appointment confirmation number. This number differs from your IEEE WCET ID number and is required to confirm, reschedule, or cancel an appointment. It is highly recommended that candidates confirm examination appointments within 48 hours of making them. Confirmations can be made online at www.prometric.com/wcet, by phoning the number listed on your Authorization to Schedule notice and selecting the voice prompt to confirm an appointment (your appointment confirmation number will be required), or by contacting your Regional Contact Center.

If you lose your confirmation number, you can confirm your appointment by contacting your Regional Contact Center. Candidates should verify their appointments as soon as possible, but no later than three (3) business days before the scheduled examination.

Candidates who cancel their examination appointments but do not request a refund will forfeit all fees. Candidates who do not schedule an appointment and do not request a refund are considered no-show candidates and forfeit all fees. For more information, see the “Refunds” section of this handbook.


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Schedule an Appointment Early

Candidates should schedule their examination appointment as soon as possible after receiving their Authorization to Schedule notice. Candidates who delay scheduling their examination until the testing window has opened run a significant risk of not being able to schedule their test at a time and location of their choice. In rare instances, candidates who attempt to schedule/reschedule their appointment or change their testing center location late in the testing window may find that they are unable to schedule an examination date and location. If this occurs, candidates may withdraw from the examination and apply for a 50% refund (US$177.50 for IEEE and IEEE ComSoc members and US$202.50 for nonmembers) of their examination fee (see the “Withdrawals” and “Refunds” sections in this handbook). The US$95 application fee is nonrefundable.

Testing Center Locations

Testing centers are available in every state in the US and in all Canadian provinces. Testing centers are also available at the international locations shown below. Candidates who are testing in the US and/or Canada should visit www.Prometric.com/wcet or call +1 800 532 2169 to find the center closest to them.

Physically locate or visit the test location before examination day to make sure you can find the testing center and that you are aware of transportation and parking requirements. Driving directions can be obtained through www.prometric.com or you can use MapQuest or a similar Internet site.

A complete list of international testing centers is available online, or see Appendix B in this handbook.

Locations Served by Regional Contact Centers

CENTER (1)

Africa

BeninBotswanaBurkina FasoCameroonChadComorosCongoCote D’IvoireEritreaEthiopiaGabonGambiaGhanaGuineaGuinea BissauKenyaLesothoMadagascar

MalawiMaliMauritiusMozambiqueNamibiaNigerNigeriaReunionRwandaSenegalSierra LeoneSouth AfricaSwazilandTanzaniaTogoUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabwe

CENTER (2)

Europe

ArmeniaAustriaAzerbaijanBelarusBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandIreland

ItalyKazakhstanKyrgyzstanLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMacedoniaMaltaMoldovaNetherlandsNorth CyprusNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaRussian FederationSlovakiaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTajikistan


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TurkeyTurkmenistanUkraineUnited KingdomUzbekistan

CENTER (3)

Latin America and Caribbean

ArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChileColombiaDominican RepublicGuatemalaMexicoPanamaPeruVenezuela CENTER (4)

Middle East

BahrainEgypt

IsraelJordanKuwaitLebanonMoroccoOmanQatarSaudi ArabiaSyriaTunisiaUnited Arab EmiratesYemen CENTER (5)

Southeast Asia

BangladeshHong KongIndonesiaMalaysiaNepalPakistanPhilippinesSingaporeTaiwanThailandVietnam

CENTER (6)

People’s Republic of China

BeijingChang SaiChengduDalianGuangzhouHarbinJinanKunmingNanjingShanghaiWuhanXiamenXian

CENTER (7)

India

AhmedabadAllahabadBangaloreCalcuttaChennaiHyderabad

MumbaiNew DelhiTrivandrum

CENTER (8)

Japan

OsakaTokyoYokohama

CENTER (9)

Republic of Korea

SeoulSeoul Mapo-GuTaegu

CENTER (10)

Australia/New Zealand

AucklandMelbourneSydney

(1) Prometric

Attn: PTC Registrations AfricaNoorderwagenplein 68223 AL - LelystadThe NetherlandsTelephone: +31 320 239 593Fax: +31 320 239 886

(2) Prometric

Attn: PTC Registrations EuropeNoorderwagenplein 68223 AL - LelystadThe NetherlandsTelephone: +31 320 239 540Fax: +31 320 239 541

(3) Prometric

Attn: PTC Registrations Latin America and Caribbean3110 Lord Baltimore DriveBaltimore, Maryland 21244 USATelephone: +1-443-751-4995Fax: +1-443-751-5980

(4) Prometric

Attn: PTC Registrations Middle EastNoorderwagenplein 68223 AL - LelystadThe NetherlandsTelephone: +31 320 239 530Fax: +31 320 239 531

Prometric Regional Contact Center Information

*Note: Countries listed above do not necessarily have WCET testing centers. Please contact the Regional Contact Center below for information or the nearest testing center locations.


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(5) Prometric

Attn: PTC Registrations South East AsiaPO Box 1296450794 Kuala LumpurMalaysiaTelephone: +60-3-7628-3333Fax: +60-3-7628-3366

(6) Prometric

Attn: PTC Registrations People’s Republic of ChinaP.O. Box 84-056 BeijingChina International Examination Bureau 100084People’s Republic of ChinaTelephone: +8610-62799911Fax: +8610-82520243

(7) Prometric Testing Private Limited

Attn: PTC Registrations India2nd FloorDLF Infinity Tower - ASector 25, Phase IIDLF City GurgaonHaryana 122002IndiaTelephone: 0124-4147700Fax: 0124-4147773

(8) R-Prometric, K.K.

Attn: PTC Registrations JapanKayabacho Tower 15th Floor1-21-2 ShinkawaChuo-kuTokyo 104-0033JapanTelephone: +81-3-5541-4800Fax: +81-3-5541-4810

(9) Korean-American Educational Commission (KAEC) / Prometric

Attn: PTC Registrations KoreaMapo-gu Yomni Dong 168-15Seoul 121-090Republic of KoreaTelephone: +82-2-2116-8331 or 1566-0990Fax: +82-2-327-54029

(10) Prometric Regional Registration Center (Region 6)

Attn: PTC Registrations Australia and New Zealand21A-15-1 Faber Imperial CourtJalan Sultan Ismail50250 Kuala LumpurMalaysiaTelephone: +60-3-7628-2222

Appointment Changes, Withdrawals, and Refunds

Appointment Rescheduling

Candidates can reschedule examination appointments as often as they wish within their testing window. Testing windows, however, cannot be changed. Testing center seats fill up quickly, so be sure to reschedule as early as possible during the testing window. IEEE ComSoc shares the Prometric testing centers with many other organizations, so reschedule your appointment as soon as possible.

There is no charge for rescheduling examination appointments but this must be done no later than 12:00 noon (Regional Contact Center time) five (5) business days before the scheduled examination. Candidates who do not reschedule examination appointments within that time frame and who do not appear to take the examination will be considered no-show candidates and will forfeit all fees. Candidates who attempt to reschedule their examination appointment late in the testing window cannot be guaranteed that a seat will be available and risk forfeiting the examination fee. If this occurs, candidates must withdraw from the examination and apply for a 50% refund (US$177.50 for IEEE and IEEE ComSoc members and US$202.50 for nonmembers) of their examination fee (see the “Withdrawals” and “Refunds” sections in this handbook) in order to not be considered no-show


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candidates. The US$95 application fee is nonrefundable. To reschedule your appointment, contact Prometric at www.prometric.com/wcet, call the number listed in your Authorization to Schedule notice, or contact your Prometric Regional Contact Center.

Testing Center Changes

Candidates can change their testing center location; however, doing so will cancel their previously scheduled appointment. Candidates who attempt to change their testing center after the opening of the testing window may not be able to reschedule at a time and test location of their choice. In rare instances, candidates who attempt to change their testing center late in the testing window may find that they are unable to schedule at the new location. If this occurs, candidates may withdraw from the examination and apply for a 50% refund (US$177.50 for IEEE and IEEE ComSoc members and US$202.50 for nonmembers) of their examination fee (see the “Withdrawals” and “Refunds” sections in this handbook). The US$95 application fee is nonrefundable. To change testing centers, contact Prometric at www.prometric.com/wcet, call the number listed on your Authorization to Schedule notice, or contact your Prometric Regional Contact Center.

Withdrawals

Candidates who have a scheduled appointment, as well as those candidates who have not scheduled an appointment with Prometric, may withdraw from the IEEE WCET certification examination. To withdraw from the examination, candidates must do the following:

Candidates Who Have a Scheduled Examination Appointment

Candidates with a scheduled examination appointment may withdraw from the examination by canceling their appointment on or before 12:00 noon (Regional Contact Center time), five (5) business days before their scheduled examination appointment. To cancel an examination appointment, contact Prometric at www.prometric.com/wcet, call the number listed on your Authorization to Schedule notice, or contact your Prometric Regional Contact Center. In addition to canceling your appointment with Prometric, you must submit your Examination Withdrawal information online at https://www2.proexam.org/IEEE. The withdrawal information must be submitted on or before the last day of the testing window in order to receive a refund. See the following section on Refunds for more information.

Candidates Who Have Not Scheduled an Examination Appointment

Candidates who have not scheduled an appointment and who wish to withdraw from the examination must submit Examination Withdrawal information online at https://www2.proexam.org/IEEE. The withdrawal information must be submitted on or before the last day of the testing window in order to receive a refund. See the following section on Refunds for more information.

Refunds

Candidates who withdraw from the examination on or before the last day of the application period will receive a full refund of their examination fee. The US$95 application fee is nonrefundable.


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To initiate the refund, candidates must submit their Examination Withdrawal information online on or before the last day of the testing window at https://www2.proexam.org/IEEE.

Candidates who withdraw from the examination after the last day of the application period, but no later than 12:00 noon (Regional Contact Center time) five (5) business days before their examination appointment, will receive a 50% refund (US$177.50 for IEEE and IEEE ComSoc members and US$202.50 for nonmembers) of their examination fee. The US$95 application fee is nonrefundable.

To initiate the refund, candidates must submit their Examination Withdrawal information online at https://www2.proexam.org/IEEE on or before the last day of the testing window.

Candidates who do not cancel their examination appointment within the specified time frame and/or do not appear for an examination appointment are considered no-show candidates and forfeit all fees.

Candidates who cannot take the examination due to a medical or personal emergency should refer to “Refunds for Medical or Personal Emergencies” below.

Candidates who do not schedule an examination appointment with Prometric and/or who do not submit their Examination Withdrawal information online on or before the last day of the testing window are considered no-show candidates and forfeit all fees.

To receive a refund, candidates must submit their Examination Withdrawal information online at https://www2.proexam.org/IEEE on or before the last day of the testing window.

All candidates will need to provide the following Examination Withdrawal information in order to obtain a refund:

• Candidate’s full name as it appears on the application;

• Candidate’s postal and email addresses;

• IEEE WCET ID number (found in the Authorization to Schedule notice);

• Testing center location (if applicable);

• Examination appointment date and time (if applicable); and

• Date and time the appointment was canceled (if applicable).

No refunds will be issued unless candidates submit their Examination Withdrawal information within the specified timeframe. Refunds are issued no later than four (4) weeks after the close of the testing window.

Refunds for Medical or Personal Emergencies

IEEE ComSoc recognizes that medical or personal emergencies may arise that prevent candidates from rescheduling or withdrawing from an examination appointment. In such cases, candidates may request a partial refund of their examination fee by submitting a written request to PES and including supporting documentation as to the nature of the medical or personal emergency (e.g., accident report, medical documentation, death certificate). Refund requests resulting from medical or personal emergencies will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis and candidates will be notified by email of the outcome of the request. If approved, candidates will receive a refund of their examination fee minus US$100.


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The US$95 application fee is nonrefundable. Examinations cannot be rescheduled to a future testing window.

Medical or personal emergency refund requests must be made in writing to PES on or before the last day of the testing window and must include a description of the situation and documentation of the emergency or extenuating circumstance. Candidates whose examination appointments were scheduled for the last two (2) days of the testing window may submit the refund request no later than five (5) business days from the last day of the testing window. Requests received after that time and/or without documentation will not be reviewed.

What Is a Medical or Personal Emergency?

IEEE ComSoc considers a medical emergency to be an unplanned medical event that arises within 48 hours of the scheduled examination and prevents candidates from taking the examination. The medical emergency may apply to candidates themselves or to one of the candidate’s immediate family members (spouse, child, or parent). Medical events that can be anticipated as occurring on or near the examination date or any of the dates on which candidates can schedule, reschedule, or withdraw from the examination are not considered medical emergencies.

A personal emergency may apply to candidates themselves or to one of the candidate’s immediate family members (spouse, child, or parent). Personal events that can be anticipated as occurring on or near the examination date or any of the dates on which candidates can schedule, reschedule, or withdraw from the examination are not considered personal emergencies. Inability to take the examination due to workload or work conflicts, or to an inability to properly prepare for the examination is not considered a personal emergency.

No-Show Candidates

Candidates who do not appear for their scheduled examination appointment, who arrive more than 15 minutes late for their appointment, who appear without ID or without a valid ID, or who cancel their appointment later than 12:00 noon (Regional Contact Center time) five (5) business days before the scheduled examination (without a documented medical or personal emergency) will be considered no-shows and will forfeit all fees. No-show candidates may reapply for a future examination window and pay the full fee.


26 Wireless CommuniCation engineering teChnologies (WCET)Candidate’s Handbook

26

Studying for the

Examination


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Studying for the Examination

Examination Preparation

Candidates should prepare thoroughly for the examination. The following are some of the available resources to assist in this preparation.

Appendix C in this Handbook contains a short list of relevant references. This list is provided solely as an example and these references should not be considered the only possible study options.

Appendix D in this Handbook contains a few sample questions that are similar in form and content to those that appear on the certification examination.

Appendix E in this Handbook contains a glossary of acronyms, as well as constants, conversions, and equations that candidates should be familiar with before taking the examination. This glossary will also be available for online reference during the examination.

The Wireless Engineering Body of Knowledge (WEBOK), published by IEEE ComSoc, is a review text that outlines the topics that may be covered on the examination. It includes numerous references in which detailed wireless communications knowledge can be found. The WEBOK can be ordered through the WCET website, www.ieee-wcet.org, or from John Wiley Publishers at www.wiley.com.

Online tutorials addressing many of the topical areas covered by the exam can be purchased from IEEE ComSoc via the website www.ieee-wcet.org. Each tutorial offers a free five-minute preview.

IEEE ComSoc has, through its education arm, developed a number of training materials in wireless communications, including one-day and two-day refresher workshops, a three-day intensive study course, and training materials that can be purchased for use by IEEE Sections and IEEE ComSoc chapters, as well as by for-profit training organizations. Information about these materials can be found at www.ieee-wcet.org.

Before applying for the WCET certification examination, candidates should strongly consider taking an on-line practice examination. This exam consists of 75 questions that are similar to those on the actual examination. The questions were created and reviewed by WCET subject matter experts at the same time and using the same methodology as the questions on the certification examination. The fee for the practice exam is US$50 and it may be taken up to two times by an applicant. For more information, visit the WCET website, www.ieee-wcet.org.

A number of professional training organizations offer WCET-specific training programs. A short list can be found under “Resources” at the WCET website. There may be other such programs available about which IEEE ComSoc has not been notified. Note that IEEE ComSoc provides this listing strictly as a courtesy and does not recommend or endorse any of these programs.

See pages 74-76 for more information.



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On Examination

Day


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On Examination Day

Presenting Positive Proof of Identity

All candidates must present positive proof of identity by providing two forms of identification. One of these must be an unexpired government-issued photo ID with a signature. Examples of government-issued identifications are a driver’s license with a photograph, a military photo ID, or a passport. The name on the ID must match the name used on the application and the Authorization to Schedule notice and the photo must validate the candidate’s identity. Credit cards with photos and Social Security or similar cards are not acceptable forms of government-issued identification. However, credit cards are acceptable as the second form of identification.

All identification documents must be in Latin characters. Candidates testing outside of their country of citizenship must present a passport. Candidates testing within their country of citizenship must present either a passport, driver’s license, national or other government issued ID, or military ID.

Candidates must have acceptable and unexpired photo identification to be admitted to a testing center. If a candidate’s primary ID does not have a photo and signature, the secondary (backup) ID must contain either a photo or signature, whichever is missing on the primary ID. The name on the backup ID must exactly match the primary ID and the name in the scheduling system. Candidates who arrive at the testing center without the required identification will not be permitted to test and will forfeit all fees.

Biometric Validation of Candidate Identification

To further validate candidate identification, Prometric employs a sophisticated biometric identity management system throughout its domestic and international testing center network.

Prometric’s biometric identity management system consists of a fingerprint reader, a device for reading the data on a driver’s license, passport, or similar identification document, and a scanner for scanning in the driver’s license or other identification document. The fingerprint reader captures an image of a fingerprint and that image is used for comparison throughout the day.

Prometric’s biometric technology allows for enhanced monitoring of a candidate’s movement into and out of the testing room. By capturing the fingerprint scan at check-in, Prometric can allow candidates to leave and return from breaks (based on IEEE ComSoc rules) by rescanning their fingerprint along with their sign-in and a display of their identification documents. The software will compare the fingerprint to the one scanned and saved at check-in, alerting the testing center administrator if the fingerprints do not match.

Prometric’s reader and scanner system authenticates a candidate’s driver’s license (or other national identification) when presented during check-in at the testing center. The software will read the bar code or magnetic stripe on the license and provide two comparisons. First, it compares the license presented to known license templates for the state, province, or country and will let the testing center administrator know if the template does not match the license presented. The information from the magnetic stripe or bar code will then be compared to the information on the face of the license. Again, the testing center administrator will know if the information on the face of the license matches the


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information embedded in the barcode/magnetic stripe. This enables a testing center administrator to verify that the license presented is valid and that the individual presenting the license is who he/she claims to be.

Hyphenated Names

Candidates with hyphenated last names whose photo IDs show only one of the last names may be admitted if the single name matches part of the hyphenated name and the signature and photograph clearly match.

Candidates whose middle names are spelled out on their ID but are listed with an initial on the application may be admitted as long as the initial matches the first letter of the middle name and the signature and photograph match. This also applies to candidates who use their middle name instead of their first name on their application but their ID displays their first, middle, and last names.

Testing Center Rules

The following rules are enforced at all testing centers to ensure a fair and consistent test experience for all candidates.

• Arrive at the testing center at least 30 minutes before your scheduled reporting time.

• All candidates must present an unexpired government-issued ID bearing their photo and signature to be admitted to the testing center (see “Presenting Positive Proof of Identity”). Your ID must match the name you provided on your application and the name that appears on your Authorization to Schedule notice, and the photo must validate your identity.

• All candidates will be required to have a fingerprint scan and will also have their driver’s license (or other national identification) read and scanned.

• Admittance to the testing center is by appointment only. Candidates must be present at the time and location of their appointment to be admitted.

• No test materials, documents, or memoranda of any sort may be taken into or from the test room.

• Candidates will be provided with a couple of laminated sheets, a dry erasable marker, and an eraser, to be used as an alternative to scratch paper during the exam.

• Candidates will have the opportunity after the examination to submit general comments or comments about specific examination questions by following the applicable onscreen instructions. The IEEE ComSoc Examination Committee will review all comments but will not provide written responses to comments.

• Smoking is prohibited.

• Candidates may not ask questions about examination content.

• All examinations are monitored and may be recorded in both audio and video format.


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• No breaks are scheduled during the examination. Candidates who have to leave the testing room to take a break will not be given extra time on the examination. To re-enter the testing room, candidates must have their fingerprint rescanned, and must sign in and present their identification documents.

• Candidates may not leave the testing site facility while the examination is in progress.

• IEEE ComSoc and PES reserve the right to cancel any test score believed to be obtained in a questionable manner.

• Food, drinks, purses, briefcases, notebooks, calculators, pagers, cellular telephones, recording devices, and photography equipment are not allowed into the testing room.

• It is expressly prohibited to disclose, publish, reproduce, or transmit any part of the examination, in any form, by any means, verbal or written, for any purpose, without the express written permission of IEEE ComSoc. Violation may result in civil or criminal prosecution.

• Medications that may need to be accessed during the test can be stored in lockers outside the testing room. Candidates who will need to use crutches or other medical equipment should complete a special accommodation request form (see Appendix E) so that the testing center can be informed in advance.

• Religious headwear may be worn into the testing room; however, it may be subject to inspection by a testing center administrator before entry into the testing room is permitted.

• Candidates are expected to behave in a civil manner when on the premises of the testing center. Exhibiting abusive behavior toward the testing center staff or other testing candidates may result in forfeiture of your examination and/or criminal prosecution.

Please remember that other examinations are being administered at the same time that you are taking the IEEE WCET examination so you may hear typing on keyboards for an essay examination, coughing, and/or people entering and leaving the testing room. It is impossible to provide a completely noise-free testing environment. The testing center allows candidates to bring small earplugs that can be inserted inside the ear. Candidates are not allowed to bring in headsets or headphones. Earplugs are subject to inspection by a testing center administrator before entry into the testing room is permitted.

Security Acknowledgement and Agreement

Prior to taking the examination, candidates will be presented with a security acknowledgement screen. Candidates must acknowledge that they have read, understand, and accept the conditions listed below.

1. I have an ethical duty to protect the security of the IEEE WCET Certification Examination.

2. The examination and questions contained therein are the exclusive property of the IEEE Communications Society – WCET Certification Examination Program.

3. This examination and the questions contained therein are protected by copyright law and constitute valuable trade secret information, the disclosure of which will cause injury to the IEEE Communications Society – WCET Certification Examination Program. No part of this examination may be copied or reproduced in part or whole by any means whatsoever, including memorizing and/or reporting question or examination content.


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4. The dissemination of question or examination content to any person, organization, company, or other entity in any manner shall constitute a breach of professional ethics and theft of the exam. Any person found guilty of such violation may have his/her score voided. The IEEE Communications Society may prohibit the candidate from future access to the IEEE WCET Certification Examination.

5. The theft or attempted theft of an examination or examination items is punishable as a felony and may result in civil penalties and/or professional sanction. I recognize that the breach of my obligations under this candidate acknowledgment may expose me to liability for damages caused to the IEEE Communications Society and to legal fees incurred by the IEEE Communications Society in preserving its rights.

6. I understand that during the examination, I may not communicate with other candidates, refer to any materials other than those provided to me, or assist or obtain assistance from any person. Failure to comply with these requirements may result in the invalidation of my examination results as well as other appropriate action.

7. My participation in any irregularity occurring prior to, during, or subsequent to this examination, such as giving or obtaining unauthorized information or aid, as evidenced by observation or subsequent statistical analysis, may result in termination of my participation, invalidation of my examination results, or other appropriate action.

Candidates who do not agree to the conditions listed above will not be allowed to proceed and take the examination, and will forfeit both the application and examination fee.

Inclement Weather and Local or National Emergencies

In the event of inclement weather or a local or national emergency, please contact Prometric at the Regional Contact Center (the number provided in your Authorization to Schedule notice) or go to www.prometric.com/sitestatus to determine the appointment status. If the center is closed and appointments are canceled, candidates should wait two (2) business days before calling to reschedule their appointments.


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After the Examination


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After the Examination

Receiving Examination Results

An official score report will be available online approximately three to four weeks after the close of the testing window. To access your score report, go to www.ieee-wcet.org, click on the “Post Exam” then “Examination Results” button, log in using your email address and the password you selected when you submitted your application, click on the Communications tab, and follow the instructions to access your score report. In addition to a score report, passing candidates will receive a certificate. The certificate will be mailed to the postal address provided in the application, so make sure that you update your address if it has changed. Under no circumstances will scores or pass/fail information be released over the phone, via email or Internet, or by fax.

The score report provides information on whether the candidate passed or failed the examination. In order to pass the examination, candidates must obtain a scale score of 500 or higher on a scale that ranges from 200 to 800. In addition to the scale score, candidates will receive information on the total number of questions in each area of expertise and the number of questions the candidate answered correctly in each area. For passing candidates, the information will help identify specific areas to focus on for continuing education purposes. For failing candidates, this information will identify specific areas where improvement or further study may be required if retaking the examination is a consideration.

Due to the need to maintain test security, examination questions and answers will not be released to candidates.

Retaking the Examination

Candidates who fail the examination may re-apply for the examination during the next available testing window, but may not apply for the examination during the same testing window in which they failed. Fees and application procedures for those retaking the examination remain the same as those for first-time applicants.


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Recertification

Passing the IEEE WCET examination means that an individual has demonstrated mastery of the wireless communication body of knowledge. However, passing the examination is only one portion of certification. The wireless communication field is constantly changing and requires that wireless communication professionals keep current with changes in the profession. Maintaining an active certification status through recertification is the way in which certified professionals demonstrate their currency and preserve their professional edge.

Recertification is required every five years, determined by the expiration date of your current certification (shown on the passing candidate certificate). Certified Wireless Communication Professionals can recertify by retesting and passing the examination.

Duplicate or Replacement Certificates

Successful candidates who have not received a certificate within three months after the close of the testing window or who receive a damaged certificate should email IEEE ComSoc at [email protected]. A duplicate certificate (if applicable) will be issued at no cost. A processing and shipping fee may be assessed for requests postmarked more than 90 days after the test date.

If you legally change your name, lose your certificate, or want another certificate for personal reasons, you may request a replacement certificate. To request an additional certificate, email [email protected].

Formal name changes require appropriate legal documentation, such as a notarized copy of a marriage certificate or divorce decree. Documentation should be sent to [email protected]. A processing and shipping fee will be required for additional certificates. Payment must be made by VISA, MasterCard, or American Express.

Duplicate certificate requests must include:

• Candidate’s full name (as it appears on the application);

• Postal address;

• IEEE WCET ID number (found in the Authorization to Schedule notice);

• Examination date; and

• Appropriate legal documentation, if applicable. Please do not send originals, as they cannot be returned.


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Review of Examination Score

To ensure the accuracy of results, PES performs quality assurance procedures before scoring examination files. It is extremely unlikely that a review of your electronic file will result in a change in your examination score.

Candidates may request that PES manually review their electronic examination file within six months of the examination date. Requests received after that time will not be honored. To submit a request, visit https://www2.proexam.org/IEEE.

There is a US$50 fee to have PES review your electronic examination file. Payment can be made by VISA, MasterCard, or American Express.

Appendix A: IEEE WCET Examination Specifications

Appendix B: International Testing Center Locations

Appendix C: Sample References

Appendix D: Sample Examination Questions

Appendix E: Glossary

Appendix F: Forms


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Appendix A: IEEE WCET Examination Specifications

Major Areas of Expertise

Area 1 (19-23%) - RF Engineering, Propagation, Antennas, and Signal Processing: Tasks and knowledge related to: antennas, RF engineering, transmission, reception, propagation, channel modeling, and signal processing.

Evaluate system performance and reliability; calculate path loss; evaluate the effects of different fading and empirical path loss models; calculate and evaluate the effects on the received signal of path-related impairments; determine parameters related to antennas or antenna arrays; generate and evaluate coverage and interference prediction maps; develop and analyze procedure to optimize the coverage of a radio; make RF system measurements.

Area 2 (19-23%) - Wireless Access Technologies: Tasks and knowledge related to wireless access networks, especially the physical, MAC, and link layers.

Analyze building blocks, multiple access, mobility management, and spectrum implications in wireless access system design; analyze design considerations to optimize capacity/coverage; design and analyze a wireless access system; analyze the required bandwidth for a wireless system and tradeoffs; analyze wireless access technology standards, their features, and evolution.

Area 3 (19-23%) - Network and Service Architecture: Tasks and knowledge related to network infrastructure, including core networks; service frameworks such as IMS; and application architectures such as voice, video streaming, and messaging. All-IP services architecture as in 3GPP Rel 6 and beyond, including Enhanced Packet Services (EPS) as in 3GPP Rel 8 LTE (Long Term Evolution) and EPC (Enhanced Packet Core).

Analyze service platforms, IP addressing schemes for various technologies; design and test quality of service (QoS); select and test a load-balancing scheme; analyze IP routing and ad hoc routing and mesh protocols; perform capacity planning, error tracking, and trace analysis; analyze the evolution of mobile networks to enable IP multimedia.

Area 4 (11-15%) - Network Management and Security: Tasks and knowledge related to fault, configuration, account, performance, maintenance, security management, management availability, and operation support systems (examples include network service assurance and provisioning).

Design a fault monitoring system and a performance monitoring system; develop/specify types and methods of alarm reporting; compute availability and reliability metrics; assess the potential impacts of known security attacks; plan corresponding solutions to known security attacks.

Area 5 (6-8%) - Facilities Infrastructure: Tasks and knowledge related to the specification, design, implementation, and operation of facilities and sites.

Determine power consumption; analyze electrical protection requirements and design the electrical protection layout for a wireless telecommunications facility; determine the required antennas for the facility and their positions; develop a specification for the required structure for a wireless base station facility; determine the required cable, antennas, and materials to implement an in-building wireless network; evaluate equipment compliance with industry standards, codes, and site requirements.


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Area 6 (6-8%) - Agreements, Standards, Policies, and Regulations: Tasks and knowledge related to externally imposed compliance requirements and conformance testing, including interoperability.

Assess service and equipment quality; prepare specifications for purchasing services and equipment and evaluate the responses; verify compliance with regulatory requirements; select and analyze frequency assignments; perform standardized homologation tests as required by regulatory or standardization bodies; evaluate compliance with health, safety, and environmental requirements; perform conformance/interoperability analyses of systems and components; analyze the use of licensed vs. unlicensed spectrum; obtain licenses and permits.

Area 7 (8-12%) - Fundamental Knowledge: Basic knowledge that a wireless communications engineer would use in order to perform tasks across all domains.

Apply basic concepts related to electrical engineering, communications systems, and general engineering management.

Area 1 — RF Engineering, Propagation, Antennas, And Signal Processing

Tasks:

T1.01 Calculate link budgets to evaluate system performance and reliability based on received signal level and fade margin (examples might include satellite, microwave link, base station to mobile station, wireless LAN and PAN); calculate path loss for various RF transmission systems (examples might include between isotropic or dipole reference antennas, base station to mobile station, base station to repeater, earth station to satellite, LOS/NLOS paths, and clutter losses).

T1.02 Calculate the capacity of various multiple-antenna schemes, and analyze the tradeoffs involved in selecting from among alternative schemes (calculations might include analysis of pre-coding techniques).

T1.03 Evaluate the effects of different fading models (examples might include Rayleigh and lognormal) and empirical path loss models on the received signal strength in various signal propagation environments (examples might include flat terrain, rolling hills, urbanized areas, and indoor environments [such as buildings or tunnels] with losses caused by walls, ceilings, and other obstructions).

T1.04 Calculate and evaluate the effects on the received signal of path-related impairments, such as Fresnel Zone blockage, delay spread, and Doppler shift of a signal received by a moving receiver.

T1.05 Calculate the polarization mismatch loss for various antenna systems (examples might include fixed microwave systems, cellular and mobile radio systems, and satellite systems).

T1.06 Evaluate receive diversity gain for selection, equal gain, and maximal ratio diversity system configurations.

T1.07 Determine parameters related to antennas or antenna arrays (examples might include pattern, beamwidth, gain, SAR-reduction features, distance from an antenna or array at which far field conditions apply, spacing, beam forming, tilt, and sectorization) and analyze the effects of these parameters on coverage.


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T1.08 Determine appropriate antenna location at base station sites to prevent inter-system and intra-system interference effects, taking into account required radiation patterns and mutual coupling effects.

T1.09 Generate and evaluate coverage and interference prediction maps (examples might include maps for cellular, mobile radio, and WLAN systems).

T1.10 Develop and analyze a procedure to optimize the coverage of a radio system using propagation modeling and “drive test” measurements.

T1.11 Develop a block diagram of an RF system (examples might include cellular, land mobile, and WLAN) employing standard modules (examples might include filters, couplers, circulators, and mixers) and/or using lumped or distributed matching networks, microstrips, and stripline.

T1.12 Make and analyze RF system measurements (examples might include swept return loss to determine antenna system performance, transmitter output power [peak or average, as appropriate], signal-to-noise ratio at a receiver front end, and co-channel and adjacent-channel interference for specific types of signal spectra).

Knowledge of:

K1.01 different types of losses (examples might include transmission line loss, antenna gain, connector losses, and path loss)

K1.02 procedures to calculate antenna gain and free space path loss

K1.03 statistical fading models and distance-power (path loss) relationships in different propagation environments

K1.04 the effects of outdoor terrain and indoor structures such as walls, floors, and ceilings on signal propagation

K1.05 common deterministic, statistical, and empirical propagation models (examples might include free space, Okumura, Longley-Rice, and ray-tracing) and software modeling tools (examples might include EDX Signal, ATDI, PathLoss, and similar radio network planning tools) used to implement them

K1.06 topographical maps and digital terrain databases

K1.07 indoor and outdoor coverage calculation and verification techniques

K1.08 Es/N0, Eb/N0, RSSI, NF, and other system parameters

K1.09 the relationship between receiver noise figure, noise temperature, and receiver sensitivity and the relationship between sensitivity under static conditions and the degradation of effective receiver sensitivity caused by signal fading in different propagation conditions

K1.10 external noise sources and their impact on the S/N ratios of received signals, and techniques for measuring the impact of external noise

K1.11 basic antenna system design and use including antenna types (examples might include omnidirectional, panel, parabolic, dipole array, indoor antennas), antenna patterns, gain and EIRP, EIS, ERP, TIS, TRP, antenna size, antenna polarization, receive and transmit diversity, antenna correlation coefficients (examples might include MIMO antenna systems), and proper antenna installation to provide for coverage, interference mitigation, and frequency reuse


41

K1.12 adaptive antenna methods and techniques, including null-steering, selection diversity, optimal-ratio combining, adaptive antennas, spatial multiplexing, space-time coding, and MIMO techniques

K1.13 subscriber unit, mobile, and device antennas and their performance characteristics, including SAR-reduction characteristics

K1.14 use of test equipment such as network analyzers, spectrum analyzers, and TDRs

K1.15 co-channel and adjacent channel interference analysis and measurement methods and techniques; multi-user detection and interference-cancellation schemes and their limitations

K1.16 filters, power dividers, combiners, and directional couplers

K1.17 signal processing techniques, including matched filtering, adaptive filtering, adaptive equalization, and Rake processing

Area 2 — Wireless Access Technologies

Tasks:

T2.01 Analyze multiple access schemes for various technologies.

T2.02 Analyze spectrum implications in wireless access system design (examples might include applications, TDD/FDD, inter-modulation, LOS/NLOS, coverage/capacity).

T2.03 Analyze design considerations and perform system design to eliminate coverage holes and to optimize capacity/coverage in urban/indoor areas.

T2.04 Design and analyze a wireless access system (examples might include AP placement and channel selection) according to given bandwidth requirements, coverage, and other considerations.

T2.05 Test devices with respect to interference issues in various operating environments (examples might include TDMA, CDMA, WCDMA, WLAN, 802.15).

T2.06 Perform interference analysis (examples: co-site interference in TDMA, CDMA, WCDMA, WLAN, 802.15, and GSM; effect of interference on capacity in cellular, WLAN, WAN, ad hoc and sensor networks).

T2.07 Compute the required bandwidth for a wireless system given certain network conditions (examples might include BER, flow count, and protocols in use).

T2.08 Analyze the tradeoffs (examples might include bandwidth versus BER) of various error detection and correction techniques.

T2.09 Analyze the tradeoffs and capacity implications of mitigation techniques for time-varying channels, including channel estimation; time- and frequency-recovery and tracking; modulation/demodulation; pre-coding; and power control schemes (examples: scheduling algorithms, bandwidth versus power efficiency analysis).

T2.10 Calculate frequency re-use factor.

T2.11 Design fundamental elements/attributes of wireless network systems (examples might include cellular, 802.16, WLAN, and satellite).


42

T2.12 Analyze the steps involved in the process of handover/handoff for various wireless systems (examples might include UMTS, CDMA2000, 802.16, and WLAN).

T2.13 Analyze the tradeoff between the size of a paging area and the location update frequency.

Knowledge of:

K2.01 multiple access and multiplexing schemes (examples might include TDMA, CDMA, OFDMA, FDMA, and SDMA)

K2.02 technology standards and their evolution (examples might include WCDMA, CDMA2000, LTE, 802.11, 802.15, and 802.16)

K2.03 error detection and correction, ARQ, HARQ, Turbo Coding, link-adaptation, modulation/demodulation, and pre-coding techniques

K2.04 objectives of channel-estimation and power-control schemes and their operation

K2.05 handover/handoff/mobility management, including inter-technology handover/handoff

K2.06 paging functions

K2.07 the major components of a wireless network topology

K2.08 LEOS, MEOS and geostationary satellites, their bands, and their usage for broadcasting

Area 3 — Network and Service Architecture

Tasks:

T3.01 Analyze service platforms including service enablers (examples might include messaging, positioning, and location), service creation/delivery (examples might include Open Service Access and Parlay), and service-oriented architecture (SOA). Design and engineer various VAS (CRBT, SMS, VMS, Alerts, etc.) services on wireless network CORE. Design optimum network services for data traffic.

T3.02 Analyze IP addressing schemes for various technologies (examples might include Mobile IP, RObust Header Compression [ROHC] as in VoIP over HSPA or LTE, IPv4, and IPv6).

T3.03 Design and test quality of service (QoS) (examples might include design and plan for adequate resources, selecting priority schemes, prioritization of differentiated services, queuing strategies, mapping of QoS classes between network and transport layers and call admission control) for VoIP and IMS-based services. Calculate Capacity and Grade of Service (GOS) for a cellular network e.g., GSM/WCDMA/LTE networks. Provision QoS for different applications per 3GPP standards, e.g. through QCI, ARP, etc. for LTE/EPC networks.

T3.04 Select and test a load-balancing scheme.

T3.05 Analyze IP routing (examples might include interpreting an IP routing table).


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T3.06 Analyze ad hoc routing and mesh protocols, and suitability for various deployment scenarios.

T3.07 Perform capacity planning using traffic engineering principles.

T3.08 Perform error tracking and trace analysis on protocol control messages for specific systems.

T3.09 Analyze the evolution of mobile networks to enable IP multimedia services (including circuit-switched to packet-switched network evolution).

T3.10 Analyze intra- and inter-domain roaming (examples might include roaming within a country or in different countries in 3GPP networks). Analyze service continuity across domains (e.g., VoIP in LTE and circuit-switched voice in GSM/W-CDMA networks).

T3.11 Analyze the functioning of TCP/IP major transport protocols (examples might include TCP, UDP, and RTP) in the context of wireless communications and limitations of PING/Ack.

T3.12 Develop a simple block diagram-level design for a network operations center (examples might include digital cellular, web-based mobile content, multimedia broadcast, and SMS).

Knowledge of:

K3.01 IMS (IP multimedia subsystems) and its architecture, including session control and switching plane; knowledge of different VAS in wireless domain

K3.02 VoIP/IP-multimedia protocols

K3.03 wireless service enablers evolution, including call processing architecture/framework, feature development/enhancement, as well as applications such as presence, location, etc. policy rules, decisions, charging and enforcement

K3.04 location and positioning techniques

K3.05 load balancing principles in the context of wireless communications, and methods to avoid single point of failure through active/active or active standby, and concept of self organizing networks (SON)

K3.06 IP routing and mobile IP networking and addressing schemes including WLAN systems. IP evolution in wireless access - backhaul and packet core connectivity

K3.07 error tracking and trace analysis techniques for dropped cells, access failures and other network related problem reports

K3.08 circuit switched and packet switched data and packet cellular networks and the differences between them; knowledge of various data capable technologies - 1xRTT, EVDO, GPRS/EDGE, LTE

K3.09 roaming and roaming controls

K3.10 TCP/IP including transport protocols including WLAN systems

K3.11 Access Point Name and its functionality

K3.12 heterogeneous architecture for single-hop and multi-hop wireless networks


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Area 4 — Network Management and Security

Tasks:

T4.01 Design a fault monitoring system (examples might include using SNMP TRAP/NOTIFICATION, and using 2G OAM&P standards at Network Element Layer [NEL], Equipment Management Layer [EML], and Network Management Layer [NML]).

T4.02 Design a performance monitoring system (examples might include using SNMP GET/SET and performance measurement on radio layer, BTS and RNC, usage and traffic analysis and accounting, monitoring SAACH frame error rate in 3GPP networks).

T4.03 Develop/specify types and methods of alarm reporting for an installation, and other OAM&P.

T4.04 Compute availability and reliability metrics from both the “network performance” and “system designer” perspectives (related to equipment failure).

T4.05 Assess the potential impacts of known security attacks on wireless systems (examples might include virus, worm, DoS, network sniffing, flooding and impersonation; additional examples might include SIM/USIM card cloning, attempting bank transaction using prepaid cellular handsets, integrity of SMS, multi subscription of USIM card etc).

T4.06 Plan corresponding solutions to known security attacks (examples might include stolen SIM card, stolen PIN, use of different handsets using the same SIM card etc).

T4.07 Monitor, log, and audit security-related data (including tasks such as streaming system logs to third party box for analysis and reporting).

T4.08 Analyze security vulnerabilities and prepare/recommend corrective actions; develop comprehensive test plan for network security testing.

T4.09 Design and plan a migration to a new network management scheme (including impacts on OSS, BSS, and billing); design proper access levels (user management) and its implementation.

T4.10 Analyze wireless accounting and billing schemes including inter-operator accounting.

T4.11 Design and establish VPN communications from client to host.

Knowledge of:

K4.01 quality of service (QoS) monitoring and control

K4.02 fault management

K4.03 configuration management including licensing mechanisms, feature addition/integration, system initialization and installation, policy-based management, role-base access control, level of security offered OTA by standard cellular and wireless systems, and architectures for service management

K4.04 authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) principles and mechanisms and APN security; CAVE, A3/A8 and other authentication algorithms - separating mobile from subscription data; cellular authentication schemes based on HLR, VLR, SIM card

K4.05 types of security attacks on wireless networks (examples might include use of stolen SIM card, fraudulent techniques to use handsets in non-designated areas)


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K4.06 protocols to secure wireless networks (examples might include Application Security, Web security and Secure Socket Layer, VPN, RADIUS, DIAMETER, HLR/VLR and encryption methods based on cellular algorithms), and Self Organizing/Optimizing networks for next generation networks

K4.07 security-violation events logging and monitoring, attempts towards billing fraud, SIM card manipulation and detection, etc. and different security testing tools

K4.08 security issue management and resolution (examples might include management of A-key, OTAP and HLR/VLR updates, monitoring handoff and reauthentication during call)

K4.09 network management protocols (examples might include simple network management protocol [SNMP], network scanning for BTS identification, interface measurements, data quality measurements, video quality measurements, verification of test mobile phones, acquisition of calibration data for planning tools)

K4.10 performance metrics pertinent to various access networks (examples might include Carrier to Interface (C/I) matrix; recommended changes to neighbor list to ensure appropriate cell handovers and others)

K4.11 IP security, Encapsulation Security Payload (ESP), Internet Key Exchange, and digital signature; root authentication keys in removable UIM, Data Subscriber Authentication - DSA over the air interface

K4.12 MIB, RMON, and Internet Control Messaging Protocol (ICMP)

K4.13 intrusion detection systems, DDoS attacks, and traceback techniques; GSM security IMSI/TMSI, RAND, SRES-HLR and AuC checking methods, network controlled policies, on-line and off-line charging for pre-paid subscribers

K4.14 operational process models (examples might include ITIL and eTOM); writing A-key into mobile − manual and over-the-air procedures

K4.15 hot billing during call, hot billing after call, and similar cases

K4.16 OTAP (Over the air provisioning methods), USIM (Universal SIM) card architecture, Kasumi security algorithm

K4.17 mobile money transaction methods, near-field communications and security

Area 5 — Facilities Infrastructure

Tasks:

T5.01 Determine the power consumption of a unit of communications equipment (examples might include tower amplifier modules, pressurization systems for waveguides).

T5.02 Determine the power consumption for a facility containing communications equipment (examples might include base station amplifier racks, microwave system rack etc.).

T5.03 Design a DC power plant to support the facility for a given required reserve time.

T5.04 Analyze the electrical protection requirements (includes grounding/earthing, bonding, shielding, and lightning protection) and design the electrical protection layout for a wireless telecommunications facility.


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T5.05 Design a wireless communication facility layout plan with considerations for heating, air conditioning, ventilation, and structural issues.

T5.06 Determine the required antennas for the facility, including specification of the antenna system from RAN to Antenna. Identify and size common types of antenna, amplifiers, and cable for a given scenario.

T5.07 Determine the required antenna positions on a structure (examples might include towers located in remote/extreme conditions such as mountain tops, arctic areas, etc.).

T5.08 Design the waveguide/transmission line layout between the communications electronics and the antenna(s).

T5.09 Coordinate with other users when implementing a communications system in a shared location.

T5.10 Develop a specification for the required structure for a wireless base station facility based on the required antenna sizes and elevations above ground.

T5.11 Determine the required cable, antennas, distributed antenna systems, and materials to implement an in-building wireless network.

T5.12 Determine the required number of racks on which to mount the equipment and the rack layout and placement, taking into account the maintainability of the equipment.

T5.13 Evaluate equipment compliance with industry standards, codes, and site requirements such as NEBS/ETSI specifications as well as ANSI, IEC, local/city regulations, right of way, and other applicable standards.

T5.14 Design a site-specific alarm and surveillance system.

Knowledge of:

K5.01 procedures to determine the power consumption of wireless communications equipment (examples might include satellite earth station facility, ship/small island based facility, etc.)

K5.02 how to determine the power required to support a site (examples might include solar and wind based support for tower sites, considerations of bird nests, heated radome, etc.)

K5.03 the application of AC and DC power systems (examples might include urban towers based on roof tops, tunnels and bridges)

K5.04 the application of alternative energy sources to wireless communications facilities (examples might include use of solar, wind power, or bio-mass in rural areas)

K5.05 heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) requirements

K5.06 equipment racks, rack mounting spaces, and related hardware

K5.07 electrical protection (including grounding/earthing, bonding, shielding, and lightning protection)

K5.08 basic waveguides and transmission lines (examples might include elliptical waveguides, multiple cables runs, pressurization and sealing of connectors, etc.)

K5.09 tower specifications and standards (examples might include wind load calculation based on Effective Plate Area, alignment kits, and elevation angle measurements)

K5.10 physical security requirements


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K5.11 alarm and surveillance systems

K5.12 effects of environmental exposure (examples might include corrosion, temperature, and UV susceptibility)

K5.13 NEBS/ETSI specifications as well as ANSI, IEC, and other applicable standards, codes, and other relevant site-specific requirements

K5.14 where to find expertise in structural engineering, fire suppression, and other building systems

Area 6 — Agreements, Standards, Policies, and Regulations

Tasks:

T6.01 Assess service and equipment quality and recommendations to standardization bodies for new requirements/features.

T6.02 Prepare specifications for purchasing services and equipment, and evaluate the responses, including relevant country-specific standards (examples might include preparing request for proposals for introducing new services/licenses and evaluating submitted proposals for implementation of universal services projects).

T6.03 Verify compliance with regulatory requirements (examples might include licensing, standards, rules, and regulations).

T6.04 Select and analyze frequency assignments.

T6.05 Perform standardized homologation tests as required by regulatory or standardization bodies.

T6.06 Evaluate compliance with health, safety, and environmental requirements.

T6.07 Perform conformance/interoperability analyses of systems and components, including self organizing and self optimizing networks for NGN.

T6.08 Analyze the use of licensed vs. unlicensed spectrum.

T6.09 Obtain and draft licenses and permits where required, including software, hardware, product licenses (open source, GNU, IP, patent laws), as well as dispute settlement.

T6.10 Perform market analysis, study of market indicators, and pricing of telecom services.

Knowledge of:

K6.01 regulatory requirements and telecom laws (examples might include international, national, and local); emerging standards and network evolution (examples might include convergence of networks, IMT-advanced); regulatory pillars (examples might include transparency, free competition) and mandates (examples might include consumer protection, universal service); international organizations and corresponding structure and functions (examples might include the role of ITU and its subdivisions)

K6.02 spectrum licensing (examples might include leasing options, primary and secondary assignments in license)


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K6.03 spectrum characteristics, availability, and management including formal methods of measurements to report non-compliance to regulatory bodies

K6.04 local and site-specific rules/codes (examples might include the National Electric Code in the US and analogous codes in other countries) and engineering regulations (examples might include when engineering work needs to be sealed by a Professional Engineer)

K6.05 electrical and RF safety (examples might include UL, EC, CSA, and IEEE C.95)

K6.06 frequency assignment databases and online tools (examples might include verification of registered users in the area, experimental bands and their usages)

K6.07 modulation anomalies (examples might include cross modulation, modulation products, harmonics, and quantization impact)

K6.08 health, safety, and environmental issues (examples for RF safety might include SAR limits for different countries [e.g., American limits vs. European limits for accepted SAR-values] and their different ways to measure it)

K6.09 equipment type approval processes/requirements

K6.10 how to identify and locate appropriate industry technical standards, applicable codes, and other pertinent requirements

K6.11 cost calculation models

Area 7 — Fundamental Knowledge

Knowledge related to electrical engineering

K7.1 fundamental AC/DC circuit analysis

K7.2 mathematics including linear algebra, probability, statistics, and Boolean arithmetic

K7.3 operation of complex test instruments, including oscilloscopes, spectrum analyzers, network analyzers, TDRs, and signal generators

K7.4 frequency spectrum and Fourier transforms

K7.5 basic printed circuit board design considerations

K7.6 transmission theory and lines, antennas, and basic electromagnetic wave theory and applications

K7.7 power calculations (examples might include dB, dBm, and dBx)

K7.8 basic concepts of queuing theory and traffic analysis

K7.9 basic signal processing (examples: analog and digital processing; quantization; linear filtering theory, concepts, and design)

K7.10 basic concepts related to optical communications

K7.11 basic electronic system-level block diagrams

K7.12 basic power supply design


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Knowledge related to communication systems

K7.13 basic communications and information theory (analog and digital)

K7.14 basic telephony (including signaling, switching, and transmission)

K7.15 noise impairments

K7.16 basic EMI, EMC, and interference

K7.17 frequency allocations and reuse

K7.18 modulation techniques for analog (examples might include AM, FM, and PM)

K7.19 modulation techniques for digital (examples might include FSK, PSK, and QAM)

K7.20 wireless multiple-access schemes (examples might include FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, and variants)

K7.21 basic satellite communications

K7.22 digital data transmission formats (examples might include E1/T1 and OC-n/SDH)

K7.23 basic components of RF circuitry

K7.24 basic RF circuit design, including filter design

K7.25 basic RF coupling, radiation, and antenna theory concepts

K7.26 measurements for RF circuits and sub systems, such as output power, receiver sensitivity, noise figure, linearity performance, and spectral performance

Knowledge of general engineering management:

K7.27 project management methods and processes

K7.28 fundamental engineering economics

K7.29 design and configuration for ease of maintenance

K7.30 documentation and configuration control schemes

K7.31 IEEE Code of Ethics


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Appendix B: International Testing Center LocationsThe following table lists the Prometric testing center locations outside the US and Canada. Candidates who are testing in the US or Canada should visit www.Prometric.com/Candidates or call +1 800 532 2169 to find the center closest to them.

Efforts were made to see that the following list was accurate at the time this handbook was published. However, local conditions may result in Prometric opening, closing, or relocating testing centers, and applicants are urged to check the current list via the website www.ieee-wcet.org.

Country City Testing Location Address

Argentina Buenos Aires Instituto Cultural Argentino Norteamericano 1006

Armenia Yerevan Marshal Baghramian 17 2nd Floor 375019

Australia Melbourne Logonline Training Unit 3, Level 8, 20-22 Albert Road 3000

Australia Sydney Thomson Prometric, Level 4, 100 Harris Street Pyrmont 2009 NSW

Austria Vienna Bit Schulungscenter Nfg GmbH & Co KG Lemboeckgasse 49A 1230

Bangladesh Dhaka American Alumni Association House 145, Street 13B, Banani 1213

Bolivia La Paz Centro Boliviano Americano La Paz (CBA)

Parque Zenon Iturralde #121

Botswana Gaborone Plot 39772/1 Garamotlhosi Road Junction

Brazil Belo Horizonte CEP Instituto Cultural Brasil Estados Unidos 30160-011

Brazil Brasilia Casa Thomas Jefferson Quadra 606, Conjunto B Asa Norte 70840-060

Brazil Curitiba Inter Americano/EBC Rua Maranhao 2088, Portao 80610

Brazil Porto Alegre Rua Riachuelo 1257 Instituto Cultural Brasileiro Norte-Americano 90010-271

Brazil Recife Avenida Rosa e Silva 1510 Associacao Brasil America 52020-220

Brazil Rio de Janeiro Instituto Brasil Estados Unidos (IBEU)

Av. N.S. de Copacabana. 690/903 22050-001

Brazil Sao Paulo Associacao Alumni Prometric Testing Center Rua Brasiliense, 65 04729-110

Bulgaria Sofia Fulbright Commission 17 Alexander Stamboliiski Boulevard, Sofia 1000


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Chile Santiago Instituto Chileno Norteamericano de Cultura Moneda #1467

China Beijing STC, Room 519, B Tower, Dingjun Building N0. 75 Suzhoujie 100080

China Changsha Room 1001B, Yonghua Building No.48 CaiE Rd 410005

China Chengdu Wenhua Road, Sichuan University

No. 24 1st South Section, Yihuan Road 610064

China Dalian Liaoning Normal University Xin Wen Ke Bldg, 1st Floor 116029

China Guangzhou Guangzhou University of Foreign Study Baiyun Dadao North #2 510420

China Harbin Room 302, Zhili Building, No. 16 Wenku Street Nangang District 150040

China Jinan Campus of Shandong University No. 73

11th Floor, Main Building South 250061

China Kunming Room 3-14, 3rd Fl., Yunnan Education Committee Bldg. No. 2 Xuefu Road 650233

China Nanjing Foreign Testing Center, Nanjing University No. 22 Hankou Road 210093

China Shanghai Shanghai University of Finance & Economics 3rd Floor, Canteen Building 200083

China Wuhan The Educational Test Center No. 5, Changqing Road, Hankou District 430023

China Xiamen Room 101, Jijin Building, Xiamen University. No. 422, Siming Nan Road 361005

China Xian Xi’an Foreign Language University

Room 110, ILTC Teaching Building 710061

Columbia Cali Universidad de San Buenaventura

Edificio “El Lago” Oficina 208

Columbia Chia Gimnasio Britanico Sede Campestre Chia

Croatia Zagreb University of Zagreb, Faculty of Economics J.F. Kennedy Square 6 10000

Czech Republic Prague U.S. Business School Praha Truhlarska 13-15 11000

Dominican Republic Santo Domingo Instituto Cultural Dominico-

Americano (ICDA)Avenida Abraham Lincoln #21

Egypt Cairo AMIDEAST 23 Mosaddak Street, Dokki

Finland Helsinki Fulbright Center Kaisaniemenkatu 3B (5th Floor) 00100

France Paris (Courbevoie) MBA Globe Training 19 Rue Armand Silvestre 92400

France Puteaux Prometric Test Centre Tour Arago, 5 Rue Bellini, 16th Floor 91800


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France Toulouse Universite Paul Sabatier, Building U4

118 Route de Narbonne, Room 101 31062

Georgia Tbilisi American Councils - Prometric 27/29 Chavchavadze Avenue, Apt 19 0179

Germany Berlin Prometric Testing Centre Tor Strasse 49, Schoenhauser Tor 10119

Germany Frankfurt Prometric Testing Centre Zeil 5, 3rd Floor 60313

Germany Frankfurt (Eschborn) New Horizons CLC Frankfurt Ludwig Erhard Strasse

30-34 65760

Germany Hamburg Skill Networks GMBH Hamburg Uwestrasse 12 22525

Germany Munich Prometric Testing Centre Nymphenburgerstrasse 20A 80335

Ghana Accra Linear Assessment Services 1st Floor Total House

Greece Athens Fulbright Prometric Test Center 4th Floor, 30 Averoff & Acharnon Street. 10433

Greece Thessaloniki US Educational Foundation in Greece Venizelou 4, 3rd Floor 54624

Guam Hagatna 134 Soledad Ave. Suite 407 Bank Of Hawaii 96910

Guatemala Guatemala City Instituto Guatemalteco Americano (IGA) Ruta 1, 4-05 Zona 4 01004

Hong Kong Kowloon Room 501 HKEA San PO Kong Sub-Office

#17 Tsuek Luk Street, San PO Kong

Hungary Budapest Fulbright Commission Baross Street 62, Ground Floor 15 1082

India Ahmedabad Prometric Testing PVT Ltd 301-302 Abhijeet II, Mitha Khali Six Roads 380006

India Allahabad I P E M 119/25A,Mahatma Gandhi Marg Civil Lines 211001

India Bangalore Prometric Testing PVT Ltd Maini Sadan,38 Lavelle Road, 7th Cross 560001

India Chennai Prometric Testing PVT Ltd 15,Jagannathan Road, Nungambakkam 600034

India Gurgaon Prometric Testing PVT Ltd Mercury Sol Ltd Sec-14, SCO21&22 Lower Ground 122001

India Gurgaon Prometric Testing PVT Ltd 2nd Floor, DLF Infinity Tower-A 122002

India Hyderabad Prometric Testing PVT Ltd Above SBI, Road 12 Banjara Hill,Avenue 1,St 20 500034

India Kolkata Prometric Testing PVT Ltd Flat 1/C Sukh Sagar Bldg, 2/5 Sarat Bose Road 70020


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India Mumbai Prometric Testing PVT Ltd Marwah House, Saki Vihar Road, Saki Naka 400072

India Trivandrum Prometric Testing PVT Ltd PTC Towers, SS Coil Road 695001

Indonesia Jakarta The Indonesia International Education Foundatrion

Menara Imperium 28th Floor Suite B 12980

Ireland Dublin Hospitality House 16/20 South Cumberland St 2

Israel Ramallah District AMIDEAST, 1st Floor Al-Watanieh Towers

34 El-Bireh Municipality St, El-Bireh 91193

Israel Tel Aviv Prometric, Ground Floor, Hasapanut House

3 Nirim Street, Opp Yad Elihayu Stadium 67060

Italy Milan Prometric/Politecnico Milano Campus Bovisa Sud, Via la Masa 34 20158

Italy Milan Via Angelo Villa6 Sesto San Giovanni 20099

Italy Rome Atrak S.r.l. Via Paolo Di Dono, 73 00142

Japan Kanagawa Soutetsu KS Building. 9F 1-11-5 KitasaiwaiI Nishi-ku 222-0004

Japan Osaka Nakatsu Center Bldg. 7F 1-11-1 Nakatsu Kita-ku 531-0071

Japan Tokyo Kayabacho Tower 15F 1-21-2 Shinkawa, Chuo-ku 104-0033

Japan Tokyo Nissei Minamiazabu Bldg. 3F 2-8-12 Minamiazabu, Minato-ku 106-0047

Jordan Amman AMIDEAST, 3rd Floor, Rodeo Plaza Building

Nuh Al-Rumi St. Sweifiyeh District 11118

Kazakhstan Almaty ACTR/ACCELS Almaty, Room 417 Prospekt Seifullina 531 480091

Kenya Nairobi Frise Holdings 2nd Floor Aly’s Centre

Korea Seoul KAEC, Fulbright Building Mapo-gu, Yomni-dong, 168-15 121-874

Kuwait Kuwait Block 3, Corner of 4th St. & Yousef

Al-Qenai Street, Building 15, Salmiya

Latvia Riga Baltijas Datoru Akademija (BDA) Elizabetes 65 LV 1050

Lebanon Beirut Amideast, Beirut Central District

Bazerkan Building. 1st Floor, Nijmeh Sq. 2011 3302

Lithuania Vilnius Vilnius Educational Information Center

Sauletekio aleja 9 (VU Skaiciavimo Center), R107 LT10222

Luxembourg Luxembourg Key Job SA 6 Rue de la Fonderie L-1531

Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Prometric Testing Center Suite 21A-15-1, Faber Imperial Court 50250

Mauritius Quatre Bornes DCDM Business School 4th Floor, Orbis Court


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Mexico Guadalajara Executrain of Guadalajara Ave. Lopez Mateos Sur 1480-501 45040

Mexico Mexico City Institute of International Education Berlin 18 Colonia Juarez 06600

Mexico Monterrey IMNARC - Instituto Mexicano Norteamericano

de Relaciones Culturales de Nuevo Leon 64000

Nepal Kathmandu Fulbright Commission in Nepal (USEF/N) GPO Box 380

Netherlands Amsterdam Crowne Plaza City Hotel Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal 5 1012 RC

Netherlands Amsterdam Global Knowledge Network Q-Port Building, 5e Floor, Kingsfordweg 43 1043 GP

Netherlands Arnhem Cito Group Oude Oeverstraat 120 4th Floor, “Arnhem Bldg.” 6811 JZ

Nigeria Lagos Firstlogic, Ground Floor, Wema Building

Plot 30 Oba Akran Ave, Ikeja

Pakistan Islamabad US Education Foundation Pakistan

Hse 3 & 5, St 17 & 18, F-6/2, 44000

Pakistan Karachi US Education Foundation (Karachi)

H#F-47/1 Park Lane, Block#5, K.D.A Scheme#5

Pakistan Lahore US Education Foundation (Lahore) H#19, F.C. College

Peru Lima Instituto Cultural Peruano Norteamericano

Avenida Angamos Oeste 160, Miraflores 18

Phillippines Cebu City c/o Train, Educ & Dev Cons Inc. Suite

308-Centro Maximo D Jakosalem Street

Phillippines Makati City Ateneo Professional Schools, 130 H

De La Costa Street, Salcedo Village 1200

Poland Warsaw Polish-Japanese Institute of IT lll.Floor ul. Nowogrodzka 84/86 02-018

Portugal Lisbon Universidade Lusofona de Humanidades e

Tecnologias, Campo Grande, 376 1749-024

Puerto Rico Guaynabo Metro Square Bldg. Suite 114 Street 1 Metro Office Park 00968-1705

Puerto Rico Baltimore Ernestos Desk 21202

Russia Moscow Amer. Center for Education & Testing

2 Leninskii Prospekt / Room 530 117049

Russia St. Petersburg Central City Library, Mayakovskogo

Nab. Fontanka 46, 2nd Floor 191025

Saudi Arabia Dammam Men Chamber of Commerce &

IndustryEastern Province Training Center 31421

Saudi Arabia

Dammam Women

Chamber of Commerce & Industry

Eastern Province Training Center 31421


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Singapore Singapore Informatics Campus, Prometric Test Center

Blk A Lvl3, 10-12 Science Centre Road 609080

Slovenia Ljubljana QSTC D.O.O. Neubergerjeva 31 1000

South Africa Cape Town New Horizons, 2nd Floor, FNB Building 33 Heerengracht

South Africa Johannesburg Block C, Empire Park 55 Empire Road Parktown 2193

Spain Barcelona IEN Institute of N. American Studies Via Augusta 123 08006

Spain Villaviciosa de Odón (Madrid)

Edificio C, Universidad Europa de Madrid

C/ Tajo S/N URB. El Bosque 280670

Switzerland Geneva International University in Geneva

ICC Building, Route de Pre-Bois 20 1215

Thailand Bangkok Institute of International Education

6th Floor Maneeya Center North 10330

Turkey Ankara Turkish American Association Cinnah Caddesi 20, Kavaklidere 06690

Turkey Izmir Turkish American Association Alsancak, 1379 Sokak No. 39 35210

Turkey Nisantasi-Istanbul Bil-Merk Rumeli Cad. Villa Han 4-6 A

Block K:6 80220

Taiwan Kaohsiung The Language Training & Testing Center

7F, 2 Chung-Cheng 3rd Road 800

Taiwan Taipei The Language Training & Testing Center 170 Hsin-Hai Road, Sec 2 106

Tazania Dar Es Salaam University of Dar Es Salaam University Computing Center

Uganda Kampala Cyber Networks Uganda House, 8th Floor

Ukraine Kyiv IREX Kyiv, 6th Floor Vul. Pecherskyy Uzviz 3 01023

United Arab Emirates Dubai AMIDEAST/CERT, Suite GO1,

Building 2BKnowledge Village A, Al Soufouh Road

United Kingdom Birmingham Prometric, Part Ground Floor Beaufort Hse, 94-96

Newhall St. B3 1PB

United Kingdom Bournemouth Prometric, Suite 8, Roddis

House 4-12 Old Christchurch Road BH1 1LG

United Kingdom Bristol Prometric, Part 5th Floor 4 Colston Avenue BS1 4ST

United Kingdom Cardiff Prometric, Part 1st Floor, West

WingWindsor House, Windsor Place CF10 3DE

United Kingdom Edinburgh Prometric, Suite 3, 1st Floor Glenorchy Hse, 20 Union

St. EH1 3LR

United Kingdom Glasgow 3rd Floor, Skypark1 Elliot Street G3 8EP


56


United Kingdom Leeds Prometric, Part 3rd Floor

Offices Atlas House, 31 King Street LS1 2HL

United Kingdom London Prometric, 2nd Floor Pellipar House, 9 Cloak

Lane EC4R 2RU

United Kingdom Manchester Prometric, Unit 38 Waterfront

OfficesExchange Quay, Salford Quays M5 3EJ

United Kingdom Newcastle Prometric, 2nd Floor Melbourne Hse, Melbourne

St.. NE1 2JQ

United Kingdom Peterborough Prometric, 2nd Floor (Front)

Office Suite 41 Broadway PE1 1SJ

Uzbekistan Tashkent Global Study 38 Gulyamov Str. 700000

Venezuela Caracas Asociacion Venezolano-Americana de Amistad

Av Libertador, Multicentro Empresarial d Este 1060

Virgin Islands Christiansted Pentheny Building 46 King Street 00820

Zimbabwe Harare iWynSys 146 Samora Machel Avenue East


57

Appendix C: Sample ReferencesThe following references are listed solely as examples of the many books available that provide detailed technical information on the wireless technologies which may be covered by the IEEE WCET certification examination. The list is far from exhaustive; many other useful publications exist and should be considered by applicants while studying for the examination. Inclusion on this list is not intended as an endorsement of any book, nor does absence from this list imply anything about the content or utility of any reference.

1. Wireless Communications, Principles and Practice (2nd Ed.), T. S. Rappaport, Prentice Hall, 2002.2. Wireless Communications and Networking, J. W. Mark & W. Zhuang, Prentice Hall India, 2006.3. WCDMA for UMTS, Radio Access for Third Generation Mobile Communications (3rd Ed.), Editors: H.

Holma & A. Toskala, Wiley, 2004. 4. Digital Communications (5th Ed.), J. G. Proakis & M. Salehi, McGraw Hill, 2008.5. Error Control Coding (2nd Ed.), S. Lin & D. J. Costello, Jr., Prentice Hall, 2004.6. Location Management Routing in Mobile Networks, A. Mukherjee, Artech House Books, UK, April 2003.7. Internet Protocols, Advances, Technologies, and Applications, S. Goswami, Kluwer Academic Publishers,

2003.8. Designing and Developing Scalable IP Networks, G. Davies, Wiley, 2004.9. Satellite Communications & Networks: Systems, Techniques and Technology (2nd Ed.), G. Maral & M.

Bousquet, Wiley, 1995.10. Wireless Communications & Networks (2nd Ed.), W. Stallings, Prentice Hall, 2005.11. WCDMA (UMTS) Deployment Handbook, Planning and Optimization Aspects, Editors: C. Chevallier, C.

Brunner, A. Garavaglia, K. P. Murray, & K. R. Baker, Wiley, 2006.12. UMTS Performance Measurement, A Practical Guide for KPI’s for the UTRAN Environment, R. Kreher,

Wiley, 2006.13. HSDPA/HSUPA for UMTS, H. Holma & A. Toskala, Wiley, 2006.14. RF and Wireless Technologies, B. Fette, R. Aiello, P. Chandra, D. M. Dobkin, A. Bensky, D. Miron, D. A. Lide, F.

Dowla, & R. Olexa, Elsevier-Newness, 2008.15. Wireless Information Networks (2nd Ed.), K. Pahlavan & A. H. Levesque, Wiley, 2005.16. Fundamentals of WiMAX: Understanding Broadband Wireless Networking, J. Andrews, A. Ghosh, & R.

Muhamed, Prentice Hall, 2007.17. The Mobile Communications Handbook (2nd Ed.), J. D. Gibson (Editor-in-Chief), CRC Press, 1999.18. Digital Communications, Fundamentals and Applications (2nd Ed.), B. Sklar, Prentice Hall, 2002.19. Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach Featuring the Internet, J. Kurose & K. Rose, Addison

Wesley, 2007.20. Internetworking With TCP/IP Volume 1: Principles Protocols, and Architecture, (5th Ed.), D. Comer,

Prentice Hall, 2006.21. 802.11 Wireless LAN Fundamentals, P. Roshan & J. Leary, Cisco Press, 2004.22. Radio Network Planning and Optimisation for UMTS, J. Laiho, A. Wacker, & T. Novosad, Wiley, 2006.23. OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communications, R. Van Nee & R. Prasad, Artech House Publishers, 2000.24. DC Power System Design for Telecommunications, W. D. Reeve, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006.25. GSM Switching, Services and Protocols, J. Eberspacher, H-J. Vogel & C. Bettstetter, Wiley, 2001.26. Wireless Communications, A. F. Molisch, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2007.27. The cdma2000 System for Mobile Communications: 3G Wireless Evolution, V. Vanghi, A. Damnjanovic, B.

Vojcic, Prentice Hall, 2004.28. CDMA 2000 Evolution: System Concepts and Design Principles, K. Etemad, Wiley, 2004.29. Handbooks of the International Telecommunications Union –Radiocommunications Sector (ITU-R),

e.g., Land Mobile Handbook, Satellite Communications Handbook.30. Fundamentals of Wireless Communications, D. Tse, P. Viswanath, Cambridge University Press, 2005.


58

Appendix D: Sample Examination Questions

The following questions are typical of those that will be used on IEEE WCET certification examinations. An answer key may be found at the end of this Appendix.

1. A mobile terminal moving at a speed of 30 m/sec is receiving a signal with a center frequency of 2 GHz, having a bandwidth of 5 MHz. The received signal has a delay spread of 2 µsec. The Doppler spread of the received signal is approximately:

1. 200 Hz2. 400 Hz3. 0.5 MHz4. 2.5 MHz

2. In a CDMA cellular system, the coverage region of a cell located in a dense urban environment at 5:00 PM (busy hour) is most likely to be:

1. smaller than the coverage of 3:00 AM (dead hour) because of higher cell loading.2. the same as the coverage at 3:00 AM (dead hour) because propagation remains the same.3. the same as the coverage at 3:00 AM (dead hour) because transmit power remains the same.4. smaller than the coverage at 3:00 AM (dead hour) because of more signal fading due to more cars

on the street.

3. Consider a receiver with an effective noise temperature of 33° C (306 K) and a 0.7-Hz bandwidth.Boltzmann’s constant is 1.38 × 10–23 Joules/degree K. The equivalent thermal noise of the receiver input is:

1. –115.3 dBW2. –140 dBW3. –203.7 dBW4. 228 dBW

4. In 802.11 using RTS/CTS as an access scheme where the duration of RTS, CTS, and an ACK are all equal to T, the Short Interframe Spacing duration equals S and the data packet duration of the transmitting source is D, the total period allocated to the transmitting terminal and no others is:

1. 3T+2S+D2. 3T+3S+D3. 3T+4S+D4. 3T+S+D

5. The choice of a duplexing method depends on the:

1. nature of the available spectrum and of the traffic in uplink/downlink.2. modulation type.3. chosen multiple access technology.4. modulation type and the multiple access technology.


59

6. The relationship among the IEEE 802.11 timing parameters is:

1. SIFS<DIFS<PIFS.2. PIFS<SIFS<DIFS.3. SIFS>PIFS>DIFS.4. SIFS<PIFS<DIFS.

7. Which of the following OSI layers is responsible for error recovery and reliability?

1. Data link2. Session3. Application4. Physical

8. To overcome the near-far-problem, the CDMA implementation for cellular telephony uses:

1. different pseudorandom codeword for each user.2. power control.3. cochannel cells.4. spreading signal.

9. A fundamental architectural difference between Mobile IPv4 and Mobile IPv6 is that:

1. Mobile IPv4 dynamic home agent discovery returns a single reply to the mobile node.2. Mobile IPv6 provides secure but less optimized routes than Mobile IPv4.3. Mobile IPv6 does not require Foreign Agent (FA).4. Mobile IPv6 does not require Home Agent (HA).

Answers: Q1 – 1; Q2 – 1; Q3 – 3; Q4 – 2; Q5 – 1; Q6 – 4; Q7 – 1; Q8 – 2; Q9 – 3


60

IEEE WCET Glossary

Term Description DescriptionTerm

3G3GPP3GPP2AA5AAAAADACKACMADCAESAFAFDAGCAMAMCAMPSANMANSIAODRAPARARIBARQASASCIIASKASNASN.1ASPATISATMATPCAuCAUTAUTNAUTSAWGNAWSBCMCSBEBERBGPBSCBSSBTSCBCBC

CBC-MACCCCCCH/BCCHCCICCMCCMP

CCSACDMACGMCIDCIRCMCMACNRCOFDMCOMP128CPCPCPCCQICRCCRC-32CSCSACSCFCSMA/CACSMA/CDCSNCSTCTIA

CTSDARPAdBidBmdBrDCFDCHDoSDDoSDECTDESDIFSDLDMBDNSDPCCH

Third Generationthird Generation Partnership Project3G Partnership Project 2AvailabilityEncryption algorithmAuthentication Authorization AccountingAdditional authentication dataAcknowledgementAddress Complete MessageAnalog to Digital ConverterAdvanced Encryption StandardDiffserv Assured ForwardingAverage Fade DistortionAutomatic Gain ControlAmplitude ModulationAdaptive Modulation and CodingAdvanced Mobile Phone Service (System)Answer MessageAmerican National Standards InstituteAd hoc On Demand RoutingAccess PointAxial Ratio for Elliptical PolarizationAssociation of Radio Industries and BusinessAutomatic Repeat-RequestApplication ServerAmerican Standard code for Information InterchangeAmplitude Shift KeyingAccess Service NetworkAbstract Syntax Notation OneApplication Service ProviderAssociation Telecommunications Industries StandardsAsynchronous Transfer ModeAutomatic Transmit Power ControlAuthentication CenterAntenna Under TestNetwork authentication tokenToken used in resynchronizationAdditive White Gaussian NoiseAdvanced Wireless ServicesBroadcast and Multicast ServicesBest EffortBit Error RateBorder Gateway ProtocolBase Station ControllerBasic Service SetBase Transceiver StationCertification BodyCipher Block Chaining Message

Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication CodeCall ControlCommon Control Channel Broadcast Control ChannelCo Channel InterferenceCTR Mode with CBC-MACCounter Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code ProtocolChina Communications Standard AssociationCode Division Multiple AccessConjugate Gradient MethodConnection IDCarrier to Interference RatioConnection ManagementConstant Modulus AlgorithmCarrier-to-noise RatioCoded Orthogonal Frequency Division MultiplexingAlgorithmCyclic PrefixCircular PolarizationCyclic Prefix CodeChannel Quality IndicatorCyclic Redundancy CheckCyclic Redundancy check 32 bitsCoding SchemeCanadian Standard AssociationCall Session Control FunctionCarrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision AvoidanceCarrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision DetectionConnectivity Service NetworkComputer Simulation TechnologyInternational Association for the Wireless Telecommunications IndustryClear To SendDefense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDecibel IsotropicDecibel milliwattDecibel RelativeDistributed Coordination FunctionDedicated ChannelDenial-of-ServiceDistributed Denial-of-ServiceDigital Enhanced Cordless TelephonyData Encryption StandardDistributed Inter Frame SpaceDown LinkDigital Multimedia BroadcastingDomain Name SystemDedicated Physical Control Channel

Appendix E: Glossary


61


DPSKDQPSKDS-CDMADRADRCDSLDSRDSSSDSS1DVB-HDWDMEAPEAP-FASTEAPoLEAP-TLSEAP-TTLSE-DCHEDGEEFEGCEGPRSEIAEIREIRPEMEPERPESSETeTOMETSIFAFACAFBSSFCAPSFCCFDDFDMAFDTDFEMFFTFHSSFSKFSOFSSG.711GEOGGSNGKHGMSCGMSKGPRS

GPSGSMGTCH.263H.264HAHARQHDLCHEHFSSHHOHi-CapHLRHLR/AUCHNHOHSDPAHS-DSCHHSPAHSSHSUPAHTTPIBSSICMPI-CSCFICVIDENIDUIECIECEE

IETFIFIFFTIKIKEIMSIMSIIMT-2000IPIP v4IP v6IP-CANIPSecIS-136IS-95ISAKMPISIISISISMISOISUP

Differential Phase Shift KeyingDifferential Quadrature (or quaternary) Phase Shift KeyingDirect Sequence Code Division Multiple AccessDielectric Resonator AntennaData Rate ControlDigital subscriber LineDynamic Source RoutingDirect Sequence Spread SpectrumDigital Subscriber Signaling System 1Digital Video Broadcast HandheldDense Wavelength Division MultiplexingExtensible Authentication ProtocolEAP Flexible Authentication via Secure TunnelingEAP Over LANEAP Transport Layer SecurityEAP Tunneled TLSEnhanced Dedicated ChannelEnhanced Data Rates for GSM EvolutionDiffserv Expedited ForwardingEqual Gain CombiningEnhanced GPRSElectronic Industries AllianceEquipment Identity RegisterEffective Isotropic Radiated PowerElectromagneticElliptical PolarizationEffective Radiated PowerExtended Service SetError TrackingEnhanced Telecom Operations MapEuropean Telecommunications Standard InstituteForeign AgentUS Federal Advisory Committee ActFast Base Station SwitchingFault Configuration Accounting Performance and SecurityFederal Communications CommissionFrequency Division DuplexFrequency Division Multiple AccessFinite Difference Time DomainFinite Element MethodFast Fourier TransformFrequency Hop Spread SpectrumFrequency Shift KeyingFree Space OpticsFrequency Selective SurfacesEncoderGeostationary Earth OrbitGateway GPRS Support NodeGroup Key HierarchyGateway Mobile Switching CentreGaussian Minimum Shift KeyingGeneral Packet Radio Service

Global Positioning SystemGlobal System for Mobile CommunicationsGeneric Token CardVideo Codec Low-Bit rateVideo Codec MPEG-4 Advanced Video CodecHome AgentHybrid Automatic Repeat RequestHigh-level Data Link ControlHome EnvironmentHigh Frequency Structure SimulatorHard HandoffHigh CapacityHome Location RegisterHome Location Register/Authentication CenterHome NetworkHandoffHigh Speed Down Link Packet AccessHigh Speed Downlink Shared ChannelHigh Speed Packet AccessHome Subscriber ServerHigh-Speed Uplink Packet AccessHypertext Transfer ProtocolIndependent Basic Service SetInternet Control Message ProtocolInterrogating CSCFIntegrity Check ValueIntegrated Digital Enhanced NetworkIndoor UnitInternational Electro technical CommissionInternational Electrotechnical Committee for Conformity Testing to standards for Electrical EquipmentInternet Engineering Task ForceIntermediate FrequencyInverse Fast Fourier Transformintegrity keyInternet Key ExchangeIP Multimedia SubsystemInternational Mobile Subscriber IdentityInternational Mobile Telecommunications 2000 ITU standardInternet ProtocolInternet Protocol Version 4Internet Protocol Version 6IP Connectivity Access NetworksProtocols for SecurityInterim Standard 136Interim Standard 95Internet Security Association and Key Management ProtocolInter-symbol InterferenceIntermediate System to Intermediate SystemIndustrial, Scientific, and Medical (Band)International Standard OrganizationISDN User Part


62


ISUP IAMI-TCPITILITUITU-RITU-TKAKCKCKKEKLANLEOLHLMSLOLo-CapLOSLPLR-WPANLS-CMALTEMACMACMAC-SMANMAPMBMSMCWMD5MDHOMDSMEdiaFLOMGCFMGWMIBMICMIMOMIPMISOMMMMUSICMoMMOSMPDUMPEGMPLSMRMRCMRFMSMSCMSC/VLR

ISUP Initial Address MessageIndirect Transmission Control ProtocolInformation Technology` Infrastructure LibraryInternational Telecommunication UnionInternational Telecommunication Union RadioITU-Telecommunication (standards sector)Knowledge AreaCiphering KeyEAPoL Key Communication KeyEAPoL Key Encryption KeyLocal Area NetworkLow Earth OrbitLeft Hand Circular PolarizationLeast Mean SquareLocal OscillatorLow CapacityLine of SightLinear PolarizationLow Rate Wireless Personal Area NetworkLeast Squares Constant Modulus AlgorithmLong Term EvolutionMedia Access ControlMessage Authentication CodeAuthentication token used in resynchronizationMetropolitan Area NetworkMobile Application PartMultimedia Broadcast/Multicast ServiceMulti CodewordMessage digest 5Macro Diversity HandoverMinimum Discernible SignalForward Link Only TechnologyMedia Gateway Control FunctionMedia GatewayManagement Information BaseMessage Integrity CodeMultiple-Input Multiple-OutputMobile IPMultiple Input Single OutputMobility ManagementMultiparty Multimedia Session ControlMethod of MomentsMean Opinion ScoreMAC Protocol Data UnitMoving Picture Expert GroupMultiprotocol Label SwitchingMesh RouterMaximum Ratio CombiningMedia Resource FunctionMobile StationMobile Switching CenterMobile Switching Center/Visitor Location register

MSKMSSMTBF MTTRMU-MIMONACKNASNAVNCRPNEBSNECNFNFCNGMCNGMNNGNNICNISTNLOSNMHANMSNPANRSCNRZNSPNSSNSTACOATSODUOFDMOFDMAOGCOLSROSAOSIOSPFOSS/BSSOTAOTPPAPANPAPRPBCCHPCMP-CSCFPDCPDSNPDUPEAPPFDMPHYPIFA

Minimum-Shift KeyingMaximum Segment SizeMean Time Between FailuresMean Time To RepairMultiple User MIMONegative AcknowledgeNetwork Access ServerNetwork Allocation VectorNational Council on Radiation ProtectionNetwork Equipment Building Systems standardNumerical Electromagnetics CodeNoise FigureNear Field CommunicationNext Generation Mobile CommitteeNext Generation Mobile NetworksNew Generation Network(s)Network Interface CardNational institute of Standards and TechnologyNon-Line-of-SightNormal Mode Helical AntennaNetwork Management SystemNonlinear Power AmplifierNetwork Reliability Steering CommitteeNon-Return to ZeroNetwork Service ProviderNetwork SubsystemNational Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee( US)Open Area Test SiteOutdoor UnitOrthogonal Frequency Division MultiplexingOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiple AccessOffice of Government CommerceOptimized Link State RoutingOpportunistic Spectrum AddressOpen Systems InterconnectionOpen Shortest Path FirstOperational and Business Support SystemsOver The Air ProgrammingOne Time passwordPower AmplifierPersonal Area NetworkHigh Peak to Average Power RatioPacket Broadcast Control ChannelPulse Code ModulationProxy CSCFPersonal Digital CellularPacket Data Serving NodeProtocol Data UnitProtected EAPOrthogonal Frequency Division MultiplexPhysical (layer)Planar Inverted F Antenna


63


PINPKHPLPLMNPNPOPPPPSPSKPSTNQAMQoSQPSKRABRACHRADIUSRANRANDRC4RETRFRFCRFCRFIDRHCPRIPRLSRMONRNCROAMOPSROHCRRRRCRSARSNRSNARTPRTSRTTS/NSASARSCCPSCPSCTPS-CSCFSCTPSCWSDCCHSDH

Personal Identification NumberPairwise Key HierarchyPath LossPublic Land-Mobile NetworkPseudo-NoisePhysical OpticsPoint to Point ProtocolPacket SwitchedPhase Shift KeyingPublic Switched Telephone NetworkQuadrature Amplitude ModulationQuality of ServiceQuadrature (Quaternary) Phase Shift KeyingRadio Access BearerRandom Access ChannelRemote Access Dial In User ServerRadio Access NetworkRandomRC4 Cipher AlgorithmRemote Electrical TiltRadio FrequencyRequest For CommentRequest for ChangeRadio Frequency IdentificationRight Hand Circular PolarizationRouting Information ProtocolRecursive Least SquaresRemote Network MONitoringRadio Network ControllerIETF Roaming OperationsRobust Header CompressionRadio ResourceRadio Resource ControlRivest Shamir AldermanRobust Security NetworksRobust Security Network AssociationsReal Time ProtocolRequest to SendRound Trip TimeSignal to Noise RatioSecurity AssociationSpecific Absorption RateSignaling Connection Control ProtocolETSI Smart Card PlatformStream Control Transmission ProtocolServing CSCFStream Control Transmission ProtocolSingle CodewordStand Alone Dedicated ChannelSynchronous Digital Hierarchy

SDMASDRSEGFSETSFSFDRSFIDSGSNSGWSHASIDSIFSSIGSIGTRANSIMSIMOSIPSIRSISOSLFSMISMSSM-SCSMTPSNMPSNRSPCSQNSRESSRTPSS7SSBSSIDSSPASTASTMSYNT2PTCAPTCHTCH/FSTCH/HSTCPTCP/IPTD-CDMATDDTDMA

Space Division Multiple AccessSoftware Defined RadioSecurity Gateway FunctionSecure Electronic TransactionSpreading FactorSpurious Free Dynamic RangeService Flow IDServing GPRS Support NodeSignaling GatewaySecure Hash AlgorithmSystem Identification NumberShort Inter-Frame SpaceSpecial Interest Group of WWRFSignal TransportSubscriber Identity ModuleSingle Input Multiple OutputSession Initiation ProtocolSignal to Interference RatioSingle Input Single OutputSubscriber Location FunctionStructure of Management InformationShort Message ServiceShort Message Service CenterSimple Message Transfer ProtocolSimple Network Management ProtocolSignal-to-Noise RatioSingle Parity CheckSequence NumberSigned ResponseSecure RTPSignaling System 7Single SidebandService Set IdentifierSolid State Power AmplifierStationsSynchronous Transfer ModeSynchronizationTraffic To PilotTransaction Capabilities application PartTraffic ChannelTraffic Channel Full Rate SpeechTraffic Channel Half Rate SpeechTransmission Control ProtocolSuite of ProtocolsTime Division CDMATime Division DuplexTime Division Multiple Access


64


Time Difference Of ArrivalTime Division Synchronous CDMATelecommunications Industry AssociationTemporal KeyTemporary Key Integrity ProtocolTM ForumTDMA-based Randomly Addressed PollingEncryption StandardTime SlotTKIP Sequence CounterTSG Core Network & TerminalsTSG GSM EDGE Radio Access NetworkTSG Radio Access NetworkETG Services & System AspectsTelecommunications Technology Association of KoreaTelecommunications Technology CommitteeUser Datagram ProtocolUser EquipmentUnderwriters LaboratoriesUltra Mobile BroadbandUniversal Mobile Telecommunications SystemProtocol used in 3GUninterruptible Power SupplyUnited States Geological SurveyUMTS SIMUniversal Terrestrial Radio AccessTD-CDMA UTRA MODETD-SCDMA UTRA MODEUMTS Terrestrial Radio Access NetworkUltra-WidebandVisitor Location RegisterVisited NetworkVoice Over Internet ProtocolVery Small Aperture TerminalVoltage Standing Wave RatioWide Area NetworkWideband CDMAWireless Communication Engineering TechnologiesWireless Communications ProfessionalWireless Encryption ProtocolWireless Emergency Response TeamWorking Group of WWRFWireless FidelityWorldwide Interoperability for Microwave AccessWireless World Initiative New radio

Wireless Local Area NetworkWireless Metropolitan Area NetworkWireless Mesh NetworkWi-Fi Protected AccessWireless Personal Area NetworkWorld Radio Communication ConferenceWireless World Research forumNext GenerationXML Key Management ServicesCryptographic primitive in the 3GSM Key Generation ProcessExclusive OrZone Routing Protocol

TDOATD-SCDMATIATKTKIPTMFTRAPTriple DESTSTSCTSG CTTSG GERANTSG RANTSG SATTATTCUDPUEULUMBUMTSUMTS AKAUPSUSGSUSIMUTRAUTRA TDD-HCRUTRA TDD-LCRUTRANUWBVLRVNVoIPVSATVSWRWANW-CDMAWCETWCPWEPWERTWGWiFiWiMAXWINNER

WLANWMANWMNWPAWPANWRCWWRFXGXKMSXMAC (PG 26)XORZRP


65

Constants, Conversions and Equations

11/30/09 (v11) -1-

WCET Glossary, Constants, Equations November 30, 2009 (Version 11)

Constants and Conversions Boltzmannÿ sÊ constant: 231.38 10k Joules/Kelvin

Speed of light: 83 10c meters/second

Radius of the earth: R 6,367 km Natural log base: 2.718e

Log base conversion: 2log ( ) (ln ) /(ln 2) 1.443 lnx x x

Equations

Radiowave propagation in free space:

2

4r

t rt

P G GP d

Total path loss:

2

0

0

( )4

n

totdL d

d d

Approximate LOS distance to the radio horizon: 17d h , with d given in km and h in meters

LOS clearance above an obstacle (metric):

1 2

1 2

17.3 d dRF d d

with d1 and d2 given in km, F in GHz, and R in meters


66

11/30/09 (v11) -2-

Wavelength: /c f

Maximum Doppler frequency shift: /mf v

Level-crossing rate (Rayleigh fading): 2

2R mN f e

Average fade duration (Rayleigh fading):

2

12m

ef

Erlang B distribution:

0

/ !

/ !

C

Ck

k

A CPA k

Channel capacity: 2log 1 SC WN

Antenna design equations

Antenna Gain: rad

antrad loss

RG DE D

R R

11/30/09 (v11) -3-

Parabolic antenna directivity:

22ap

rD

Near/far-field boundary: 22LR

Noise figure calculations

321

1 1 2

11 ...sysFFF F

G G G

Abbreviations and Acronyms 3GPP = third generation partnership project A = availability ACK = acknowledgement ADC = analog to digital converter AFD = average fade distortion AM = amplitude modulation AES = advanced encryption standard AMPS = advanced mobile phone service (system) AODR = ad hoc on demand routing AP = access point ARQ = automatic repeat-request ASK = amplitude shift keying ASN.1 = abstract syntax notion one ATPC = automatic transmit power control AS = autonomous system AUC = authentication center


67

Appendix F: Forms

SPECIAL TESTING ACCOMMODATION REQUEST FORM

Candidates with disabilities covered by the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Canadian/Australian equivalent, or other similar national laws should complete this form and have an appropriate licensed professional complete the Documentation of Disability-Related Needs form so their requests for accommodations can be processed efficiently. The information provided and any documentation regarding the disability and the need for accommodation in testing will be treated with strict confidentiality.

APPLICANT INFORMATION

Last Name: ___________________________First Name: _____________________Middle Initial: ___

Address:_____________________________________________________________________________

City: _______________________State: ______ ZIP/Postal Code: ___________ Country:____________

Primary Telephone Number: ___________________________

IEEE WCET ID Number: ____________________________

Testing Wndow ________________________________________________________________________

SPECIAL TESTING ACCOMMODATIONS

Please check the accommodation(s) that you require: (Check all that apply.)

o Wheelchair accesso Special seatingo Readero Recordero Extended testing time (time and a half)o Separate testing areao Zoom text font sizeo Other special accommodations (please specify) ___________________________________________

Please mail, email, or fax this competed form (along with a copy of your Candidate Profile page) to PES within ten (10) business days of submitting your application.

Mail, email, or fax the form to:

Professional Examination Service475 Riverside Drive, 6th FloorWCET Testing Office (431)New York, NY 10115 USAfax: +1 917 305 9879email: [email protected]


68

DOCUMENTATION OF DISABILITY-RELATED NEEDS BY QUALIFIED PROFESSIONAL

This section must be completed by a licensed health care provider or an educational or testing professional to ensure that PES is able to provide the required test accommodations.

The nature of the disability, identification of the test(s) used to confirm the diagnosis, a description of past accommodations made for the disability, and the specific testing accommodations requested must be included.

PROFESSIONAL DOCUMENTATION

I have known _____________________________________________ since ______________________ (Name of Applicant) (Date)

In my capacity as a(n) __________________________________________________________________ (Professional Title)

The applicant discussed with me the nature of the test to be administered. It is my opinion that, because of this applicant’s disability described below, he or she should be accommodated by providing the special arrangements listed on the Special Testing Accommodation Request form.

Comments: _____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

Signature: __________________________________ Printed Name: ________________________________

Title: ________________________________________________ Date: _____________________________

License No. _____________________________________________________________________________ (if applicable)

Please mail, email, or fax this competed form (along with a copy of your Candidate Profile page) to PES within ten (10) business days of submitting your application.

Mail, email, or fax the form to:

Professional Examination Service475 Riverside Drive, 6th FloorWCET Testing Office (431)New York, NY 10115 USAfax: +1 917 305 9879email: [email protected]


69

SUPPPORTING DOCUMENTATION OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING EXPERIENCE

Candidates who have been asked to submit additional documentation of their wireless communication engineering experience should use this form. If more than one position requires supporting documentation, please photocopy this form as needed.

Name: ____________________________________ Job Title: _______________________________________

Organization Name: ________________________________________________________________________

Organization Address: _______________________________________________________________________

Supervisor’s Printed Name: __________________________________________________________________

Supervisor’s Telephone Number: ______________________________________________________________

Supervisor’s Email: _________________________________________________________________________

Supervisor’s Signature: ______________________________________________________________________

Dates Employed: From: ____________________________ To: _____________________________________ (Month/Year) (Month/Year)

Estimated percent of time spent in wireless communication engineering: ______________________%

Job Duties and Responsibilities: _______________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

I understand that any decision regarding the misrepresentation or falsification of information on my application will be made on the basis of this and any other documentation submitted with this form, and that if my application is denied due to such misrepresentation or falsification, I will forfeit all fees.

Candidate’s Signature: ________________________________________ Date: ____________________

Candidate’s Printed Name: ______________________________________________________________

Home Telephone Number: ____________________IEEE WCET ID # (if previously assigned): ________________

Return this form with any other supporting documentation to:

WCET Certification Program IEEE Communications Society 3 Park Avenue, 17th Floor New York, NY 10016 USA Fax: +1 212 705 8999



70

IEEE Communications Societythe Global Community of Communications Professionals


71

About the IEEE Communications Society

The IEEE Communications Society is a diverse group of industry professionals with a common interest in advancing all communication technologies. Individuals within this unique community interact across international and technological borders to produce publications, organize conferences, foster educational programs, promote local activities, and work on technical committees.

Website: www.comsoc.org

ConferencesEvery year, the IEEE Communications Society sponsors major conferences that attract hundreds of the best quality paper/presentation submissions and attendees. Held at convenient locations around the world, these meetings attract thousands of participants who have much to share beyond their strong desire to learn. Communications Society conferences and workshops provide ideal opportunities to be a part of the latest technological developments and network with the leaders who are changing the world of communications.

• IEEE/OSA Conference on Optical Fiber Communications/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC)

• IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)• IEEE/IFIP Network Operations & Management Symposium (NOMS)• IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM)• IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)• IEEE International Enterprise Networking & Services Conference (ENTNET) • IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM)• IEEE/AFCEA Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)• IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)• IEEE Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)• IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)• IEEE Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON)• IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)• IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications (ISPLC)

Publications• IEEE Communications Magazine• IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking• IEEE Wireless Communications• IEEE Communications Letters• IEEE Transactions on Communications• IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications• IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking• IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications• Transactions on Network and Service Management (TNSM)• IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials• IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing• IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology• IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking • ComSoc e-News• ComSoc Digital Library• IEEE Wireless Communications Professional e-newsletter



72

Top 5 Reasonsfor Organizations to Support the IEEE WCET Credential


73

Top 5 Reasons for Organizations to Support the IEEE WCET Credential

Leading organizations around the world have found that it pays to invest in professional credentialing. The IEEE Wireless Communications Professional (WCP) credential is designed to have high pay-off for your organization and for the wireless communications industry.

1. IEEE WCP credential holders have demonstrated their knowledge of wireless engineering technology concepts and terminology. To obtain the IEEE WCP credential, candidates must pass a rigorous examination based on the validated body of knowledge underlying the tasks performed in the industry.

2. IEEE WCP credential holders are applied practitioners. Credential holders are tested not only on their knowledge of wireless communication engineering technology and practice, but also on their skills using that knowledge to perform and to develop and implement high-quality deliverables.

3. IEEE WCP credential holders have successfully responded to a significant challenge. They have demonstrated both depth and breadth in their wireless communications engineering knowledge.

4. Organizations can retain employees by investing in them. Supporting the IEEE WCP credential and IEEE WCP credential holders demonstrates a real commitment to them; in turn, WCP credential holders will demonstrate a commitment to you.

5. Your support for the IEEE WCP credential makes a powerful statement to customers about the caliber of your people and your commitment to global best-practices. The IEEE WCET certification is both transnational and vendor neutral; the required examination that each IEEE WCP credential holder has passed reflects the work requirements of professionals around the globe.



74

¨

WWW.IEEE-WCET.ORG

• Free Candidate’s Handbook• Free IEEE Wireles Communications

Professional newsletter• Free 1 hour Webinar on Preparing

for the WCET Exam • Vendor-neutral • Trans-national

CanDIDaTE’s HanDbOOkA free 76 page guide with complete description of the IEEE WCET certification program is available upon request.

Visit WWW.IEEE-WCET.ORG to request your print or electronic copy.

PRaCTICE Exam 75 question practice exam is available online. Visit WWW.IEEE-WCET.ORG for more information.

WEbOkEdited by Gustavo Giannattasio with contributions by selected wireless communications experts, a Guide to the Wireless Engineering body of knowledge (WEBOK) covers all the specialty areas included in the WCET examination.

www.wiley.com+1 877 762 2974 (US) +1 800 567 4797 (Canada) +1 44 1243 843294 (world)

ISBN: 978-0-470-43366-9Paper, 272pp, 2009Price: US$69.95 (IEEE ComSoc members save 15% using Promo Code: 18493)

OnlInE TuTORIals • WCET area 1: RF Engineering,

Propagation and antennas• WCET area 2: Wireless access

Technologies• WCET Area 3: Network and Service

architectures

For a complete list of tutorials visit www.comsoc.org/tutorialsnow

TRaInInGLearn more about WCET related training events and providers at www.ieee-wcet.org/training

Resources

“ This certification would enhance my qualifications with new clients.” — Tom Lavrisa, Principal Engineer, Ontario, Canada

“ I would make hiring decisions based, at least in part, on WCET results.” — Vasu Subramanian, Manager, Alcatel-Lucent

“ The exam truly tested the broader understanding of the wireless engineering profession ...” — Sivan Ramanchandran, Bangalore, India

“ The WCET certification greatly helps to communicate my capabilities to others.” — Chris Barroso, San Diego, California

“ ... We do not often come across a program which specifically addresses the full breadth of this technology nor the aspirations of wireless engineers in gaining recognized and specific industry qualifications through a program of study and learning outside of their college or degree courses.”

— Ian Rose, BT Design, United Kingdom


75

Ultimate Resource for Wireless Engineering Professionals

Price: us $69.95To order: www.wiley.com

(IEEE Communications Society member order with 15% discount with Promo Code: 18493)

+1 877 762 2974 (US) +1 800 567 4797 (Canada) +1 44 1243 843294 (world)ISBN: 978-0-470-43366-9Paper, 272pp, 2009LIST PRICE:US$69.95 $83.95CAN £46.95 €59.90

Recommended Resource for IEEE WCET Certification Program

www.ieee-wcet.org

¨

Information presented in this book reflects the evolution of wireless technologies, their impact on the profession, and the industry’s commonly accepted best practices. Organized in seven main areas of expertise, A Guide to the Wireless Engineering Body of Knowledge (WEBOK) enhances readers’ understanding of:

• Wireless access technologies• Network and service architecture• Network management and security• Radio frequency engineering, propagation, and antennas• Facilities infrastructure• Agreements, standards, policies, and regulations• Wireless engineering fundamentals

Complemented with a large number of references and suggestions for further reading, the Wireless Engineering Book of Knowledge (WEBOK) is an indispensable resource for anyone in the wireless industry.

The references noted in the WEBOK

are extremely helpful since wireless is

still in its infancy (compared to other

engineering disciplines) ... this at least

gave me a starting off point when

figuring out where to focus my studies.

Elena Neira, IEEE WCPNew Jersey, USA

“”



76

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WCET CERTIFICATION PROGRAM

IEEE Communications Society

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New York, NY 10016 USA

tel: +1 212 705 8900

fax: +1 212 705 8999

email: [email protected]

website: www. ieee-wcet.org

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www.linkedin.com/groups (look for WCET)

wcet certification

Documents

traceable mailing method

perform conformance interoperability analyses

enable ip multimedia

enhanced packet core

ip addressing schemes

ad hoc routing

interference prediction maps

electrical protection layout