wavi strong installation
TRANSCRIPT
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Complete Pipe System Solutions
WAVISTRONG
INSTALLATION GUIDE FOR GRE PIPE SYSTEMS
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WAVISTRONGInstallationGuide
WAVISTRONG
INSTALLATION GUIDE FOR GRE PIPE SYSTEMS
Date issued : May 01, 2011
Replaces issue o : -
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WAVISTRONGInstallationGuide
Wavistrong Instalation Guide for GRE Pipe Systems
Terms o use
All inormation was correct at the time o going to press. However, we reserve the right to alter, amend and update anyproducts, systems and services described in this brochure.
We accept no responsibility or the interpretation o statements made.
Copyright by Future Pipe Industries.
This document contains condential and proprietary inormation. Reproduction or disclosure o any part o this document is
only allowed with written authorisation by Future Pipe Industries.
All rights are vested at Future Pipe Industries.
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Wavistrong Instalation Guide for GRE Pipe Systems
Table o contents
Section Page
1. Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................1
1.1. Scope ................................................................................................................................................1
1.2. Reerences .........................................................................................................................................1
1.3. Notication ........................................................................................................................................2
2. Product introduction ...................................................................................................................................3
2.1. Systems .............................................................................................................................................3
2.2. Pipe abrication process ......................................................................................................................3
2.3. Advantages and disadvantages o GRE compared with steel ....................................................................4
2.3.1. Advantages ..............................................................................................................................42.3.2. Disadvantages ..........................................................................................................................4
2.4. Product identication ...........................................................................................................................4
3. Material handling, storage and transportation ...............................................................................................5
3.1. Handling ...........................................................................................................................................5
3.1.1. Loading ...................................................................................................................................5
3.1.2. Unloading ................................................................................................................................6
3.2. Storage .............................................................................................................................................6
4. Joining systems and preparation methods .....................................................................................................8
4.1. Conical-Cylindrical bonded joint ...........................................................................................................8
4.2. Taper-Taper bonded joint .....................................................................................................................8
4.3. Laminate Joint .....................................................................................................................................9
4.4. Flange Joint ........................................................................................................................................94.5. Mechanical O-Ring Lock Joint .............................................................................................................10
4.6. Mechanical O-Ring Joint ....................................................................................................................10
4.7. Mechanical Coupler ..........................................................................................................................10
5. Tools and materials ..................................................................................................................................11
5.1. Tools ...............................................................................................................................................11
5.1.1. Non-consumables ....................................................................................................................11
5.1.2. Consumables ..........................................................................................................................12
5.2. Materials .........................................................................................................................................13
5.2.1. Adhesive ................................................................................................................................13
5.2.2. O-ring ....................................................................................................................................13
5.2.3. Locking key ............................................................................................................................135.3. Check o incoming material ................................................................................................................14
5.3.1. Quality check .........................................................................................................................14
5.3.2. Quantity check ........................................................................................................................14
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WAVISTRONGInstallationGuide
Wavistrong Instalation Guide for GRE Pipe Systems
6. Installation o underground pipe systems ....................................................................................................15
6.1. Trench construction ............................................................................................................................15
6.2. System assembly ...............................................................................................................................166.2.1. Positioning components in the plant ........................................................................................... 16
6.2.2. Joining o components .............................................................................................................16
6.3. Backlling ........................................................................................................................................17
6.3.1. Procedure and requirements .....................................................................................................17
6.3.2. Backll material specication ....................................................................................................18
6.3.3. Other backlling methods .........................................................................................................18
6.4. Special underground installations ........................................................................................................19
6.4.1. Road crossing .........................................................................................................................19
6.4.2. Channel crossing ....................................................................................................................20
6.5. Alignment ........................................................................................................................................20
6.6. Settlement ........................................................................................................................................206.7. Pipe cast in concrete .........................................................................................................................21
7. Installation o aboveground pipe systems ....................................................................................................22
7.1. Supports ..........................................................................................................................................22
7.1.1. General .................................................................................................................................22
7.1.2. Fixed support points ................................................................................................................23
7.2. Pipe clamps .....................................................................................................................................24
7.3. Valves .............................................................................................................................................24
7.4. Bellows ............................................................................................................................................25
7.5. Pipe connections through walls ...........................................................................................................25
7.5.1. GRE pipe with sealing puddle fange .........................................................................................25
7.5.2. Sand coated GRE pipe ............................................................................................................25
7.5.3. Link seal .................................................................................................................................267.5.4. Special sealing shape ..............................................................................................................26
7.5.5. Plain wall passing ...................................................................................................................27
7.6. Joining with other materials ................................................................................................................27
7.7. UV-resistance ....................................................................................................................................27
8. Quality Control/Quality Assurance .............................................................................................................28
8.1. General ...........................................................................................................................................28
8.2. Joint traceability ................................................................................................................................28
8.3. Possible installation deects ................................................................................................................28
9. Field Test Procedure ..................................................................................................................................29
9.1. General ...........................................................................................................................................29
9.2. Preparation ......................................................................................................................................299.3. Filling, stabilizing, testing and depressurizing .......................................................................................30
9.3.1. Filling and stabilizing ..............................................................................................................30
9.3.2. Testing ...................................................................................................................................30
9.3.3. Depressurising ........................................................................................................................31
10. Repair ....................................................................................................................................................32
11. Tolerances ...............................................................................................................................................33
12. Saety precautions ....................................................................................................................................34
12.1. Resin, hardener, adhesive and lamination sets ....................................................................................34
12.2. Cutting, shaving and sanding ...........................................................................................................34
12.3. Environment ...................................................................................................................................34
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1Wavistrong Instalation Guide for GRE Pipe SystemsWavistrong Instalation Guide for GRE Pipe Systems
1. Introduction
1.1. Scope
This manual gives general inormation about various
aspects that are relevant or the installation o Glassber
Reinorced Epoxy (GRE) pipe systems. Respect or the
requirements, methods and recommendations given in this
guide will contribute to a successul operating pipeline
system.
Authorized, trained and certied personnel can only
contribute to a reliable pipeline system. Note that the
remarks about the various joints in this document are orguidance only.
More specic and detailed inormation about
underground and aboveground installations, as well
as various joining methods, is given in manuacturersreerenced documents.
Fig. 1.1. Oshore unit
1.2. Reerences
Following documentation gives additional and detailed inormation about various subjects, which are described in this
manual.
Section Subject Documentation
2.4. Product Identication. Marking o products.
4.1.;5.2.1. Conical-Cylindrical adhesive bonded joint, CB-CS.Wavistrong assembly instructionsConical-Cylindrical (CB-CS) adhesive bonded joint.
4.2.;5.2.1. Taper-Taper adhesive bonded joint, TB-TS.Wavistrong assembly instructionsTaper-Taper (TB-TS) adhesive bonded joint.
4.3. Laminate joint. Wavistrong Easy-Fit eld laminate instructions.
4.4. Flange joint. Wavistrong fange guide.
4.5.; 4.6.;5.2.2.; 5.2.3.
Mechanical O-ring (lock) joint. Wavistrong Rubber Seal (Lock) Joint instructions.
5.1.1.1. Shavers.
Wavistrong shaver instructions CB-CS:* ID 25 50 mm.* ID 80 250 mm.* ID 200 400 mm.Wavistrong shaver instructions TB-TS:* ID 80 300 mm.* ID 250 600 mm.
6. Underground installations.Wavistrong installation o undergroundpipe systems.
7. Aboveground installations.Wavistrong installation o abovegroundpipe systems.
10. Repair. Wavistrong repair manual ES system.
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Wavistrong Instalation Guide for GRE Pipe Systems2
1.3. Notication
This manual provides the ollowing inormation:
Ageneraloverviewontoolingandmaterialsfor
pipe system installation
Adescriptionofjoiningmethodsandsystems
Handling,storageandtransportingmaterials
Installationsystemsandprocedures
Systemcontrolandsafetymeasures.
Please note that the instructions in this manual are or
guidance only. Specications written or a particular
project will be normative.
We cannot describe all possible circumstances met in the
eld. For this reason, our experienced supervisors may
deviate rom given descriptions in order to achieve the
optimum solution or the particular situation, using the
latest techniques and methods.
Fig. 1.2. Water transmission
Fig. 1.3. Oil supply
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2. Product introduction
2.1. Systems
GRE pipeline systems are made rom glass bers, which
are impregnated with an aromatic- or cyclo-aliphatic
amine cured epoxy resin.
This thermoset resin system oers superior corrosion
resistance together with excellent mechanical, physical
and thermal properties.
The glass ber reinorced epoxy pipeline is resistant to the
corrosive eects o mixtures with a low concentration oacids, neutral or nearly neutral salts, solvents and caustic
substances, both under internal and external pressure.
A reinorced resin liner can protect the helical wound
continuous glass bers o the reinorced wall o the pipes
and the structural reinorcement o the ttings internally.
2.2. Pipe abrication process
GRE pipes are manuactured using the lament winding
method. In this mechanical process, continuous glass berrovings are impregnated with epoxy resin.
The production o GRE starts with the preparation o a
steel mandrel, which may be completed with a socket
mould. The dimensions o these tools determine the inner
dimensions o the pipe, tting and joint system.
Glass bers are guided through a resin bath, which is
lled with epoxy resin and are wound under constant
tension in a specic pattern around the polished mandrel.
This process continues until the required wall thickness
is reached. Generally, the higher the pressure class, the
greater the wall thickness o the product will be.
The winding process ends with curing the epoxy resin
in an oven, extraction o the mandrel/ mould rom the
product, nishing the product by cutting to length and
machining the ends.
The products are subjected to visual and dimensional
controls as well as a hydro test.
Fig. 2.1. Filament winding process
Fig. 2.2. Structure GRE pipe wall
Fig. 2.3. Spool manuacturing
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2.3. Advantages and disadvantages o GREcompared with steel
2.3.1. Advantages
Glass Reinorced Epoxy pipe systems have a number o
advantages over conventional pipe systems, o which the
most important are:
Durable/corrosionresistant
GRE piping is resistant, both internally and
externally, to the corrosive eects o water, oil
and many chemicals.
Cathodic protection or coating is not required.
Lowweight/easytoinstall
The specic weight o GRE is only 25 % o
steel; due to the low weight, GRE pipeline
components are easier to handle without the
need o heavy (liting) equipment.
Noinitialpaintingorconservation
The epoxy topcoat on the outer surace o GRE
pipe components is resistant to the infuences o
the installation environment and an additional
external conservation is initially not required.
2.3.2. Disadvantages
Attention should be paid to the ollowing disadvantages
o GRE when comparing with conventional pipe systems,
such as:
Impactresistance
The pipe system is more susceptible to impact
damage due to the brittle nature o thethermoset resin system.
Handling
GRE installations require more and careul
preparation due to other joining methods,
handling- and transportation requirements and
installation techniques.
Flexibility
The fexible GRE piping system requires specic
support design.
2.4. Product identication
Products are marked with labels, which contain relevantproduct inormation.
For specic and detailed inormation, reerence is made
to manuacturers documentation.
Fig. 2.4. GRE is durable/corrosion resistant
Fig. 2.5. GRE has low weight
Fig. 2.6. GRE needs no initial painting or conservation
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3. Material handling, storage and transportation
3.1. Handling
GRE products must be handled careully to avoid any
damage. Handling and transportation o GRE is not
restricted by temperature. This section lists the most
important requirements or handling materials beore and
ater shipment and or storage.
3.1.1. Loading
Mind ollowing requirements:
Pipes,ttingsandprefabricatedparts(spools)
must be transported by suitable trucks, having
fat bed foors
Forkliftsmaybeusedforhandlingprovidedthat
the orks are padded with a protective material
such as rubber or plastic
Checkforandremoveanyprojections,nails
or other sharp edges rom the supporting foor
beore each load
Anycontactofthetruckorsteelcontainerwith
GRE products shall be separated by wood or
rubber
AvoiddirectcontactbetweenindividualGRE
products during transportation
Pipesandspoolsshallbeliftedatleastattwo
points by using nylon or canvas sling belts with
a minimum width o 100 mm. Use the largest
spool diameter to balance the load during thelit
Securematerialsbywoodenwedgesand
supports having a minimum width o 100 mm
Pipesupportsshallbespacedat3mintervals,
minimal 1 m rom the ends; the support distance
ofnestedpipesshallnotexceed2m.
Tietheproductsinplacebyusingeithernylonor
canvas sling belts
Fig. 3.1. Airreight in wooden crate
Fig. 3.2. Spool handling
Fig. 3.3. Pipe handling
Fig. 3.4. Multiple support spool liting
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Chainsandsteelcablesmayneverbeusedfor
liting or xation
Avoidsupportonsharpedges
Fittingscanbeproperlytransportedincratesor
on pallets
Flangesmustbesecuredagainstslidingwhen
stored on the sealing ace
Pipeendsandmachinedsurfacesmustbe
protected (e.g. with PE-oil).
3.1.2. Unloading
The client is responsible or unloading ordered material,
unless agreed otherwise.
Mind ollowing:
Usenylonorcanvasslingbeltswithaminimum
width o 100 mm
Standardpipelengthsshallbeliftedatminimal
two supporting points
Fixatleastoneslingbeltaroundthesectionwith
the greatest diameter
Unloadone(packed)itematatime.
3.2. Storage
In order to avoid damage to GRE products, the ollowing
recommendations shall be respected:
Provideaatandhorizontalsupportingsurface
Donotstorethepipesdirectlyontheground,
onto rails or concrete foors
Ensuresuitablesupportssuchasclean,nailfree
wooden beams
Pipesshallbecarefullystacked
Machinedendsmustbeprotected(e.g.withPE-foil)
Belland/orspigotendsmaynottoucheachother
Fig. 3.5. Protected pipe/spool ends
Fig. 3.6. Dual crane handling
Fig. 3.7. Packaging in crates
Fig. 3.8. Stacked pipe in stock
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Pipescanbestackedeconomicallyby
alternating the orientation o spigot- and socket
end
Avoidpipebendingbylocatingsupports
between the layers o stacked pipe vertically
above each other
Supportsmustbespacedatamaximuminterval
of3mand1mfromeachpipeend
Theallowablestackingheightis1.5mor2
layers, whichever is higher
Productdiametersmayattenwhenstacked
too high and/or too long, specially at elevated
temperature
Longtermstorageisrecommendedunder
tarpaulins or PE-sheets
Pipestacksmusthavesidesupports(e.g.
wooden wedges) to prevent rolling or slipping
Unprotectedangesealingfacesshallnotbe
placed directly on the ground or on supportingfoors
Spoolsshallnotbestacked
Noothermaterialsshallbeloadedontopof
GRE products
Donotdrop,walk,orstandonGREproducts
Avoidpointloadingduetocarelessstacking.
Raw materials such as O-rings, gaskets, locking keys,
adhesive kits, resin, hardener, woven roving and
lubricants shall be stored in the original packaging, in a
dry environment, at recommended temperatures.
The shel lie o adhesives and resins must be respected.
It is advised to order on demand.
I any damage is observed due to transportation or during
installation (e.g. excessive scratches, cracks) contact the
supplier.
Never use damaged materials.
Fig. 3.9. Pipe stacking
Fig. 3.10. Wooden wedge side supports
Fig. 3.11. Packing and storage o ttings
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4. Joining systems and preparation methods
For the joining o GRE pipe components, various types ojoints can be used. This section details the characteristics
o each o these joints.
4.1. Conical-Cylindrical bonded joint
This type o adhesive bonded joint consists o a slightly
conical socket and a cylindrical spigot. This joint allows
or an accurate assembly length with narrow tolerance
and may be used or above- and underground pipe
systems.
For this adhesive joint the ollowing tools and materials
are required:
Gloves,dustmask,safetyglasses
Measuringtape,marker,bench,pipetters
wrap around
Anglecutter,handsaworjigsaw
Shaver,grindingtools
Rubberscraper,pullingequipment,adhesivekit
Heatingblanketorairgun,insulationblanket,
digital temperature gauge Cleaningbrush,non-uffycleaningrags,
cleaning fuids.
Summarized, the bonding procedure consists o cutting,
cleaning, machining, application o adhesive, joining and
curing.
The installation time depends on proper preparation,
diameter and personnel.
For specic and detailed inormation, reerence is made
to manuacturers documentation.
4.2. Taper-Taper bonded joint
This adhesive bonded joint consists o a conical socket
and conical spigot.
When comparing with the conical-cylindrical adhesive
bonded joint this type o joint is also available in higher-
pressure classes.
For specic dimensions, specic instructions are required.
The tools, materials, joining procedure and installation
time or the taper-taper bonded joint are similar to those
o the conical-cylindrical adhesive bonded joint.
Fig. 4.1.a. Scheme Conical-Cylindrical bonded joint
Fig. 4.1.b. Conical-Cylindrical bonded joint
Fig. 4.2.a. Scheme Taper-Taper bonded joint
Fig. 4.2.b. Taper-Taper bonded joint
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4.3. Laminate Joint
The laminate joint is used to join plain-ended pipesections. Ater preparation o the pipe suraces, a specic
thickness o resin impregnated glass reinorcement is
wrapped over a certain length around the pipes to be
joined; the thickness and the length o the laminate are
related to diameter and pressure.
This joint requires ollowing tools/materials:
Gloves,dustmaskandsafetyglasses
Measuringtape,markerandpipetterswrap
around Anglecutter,jigsaworhandsaw
Grindingtoolsandexiblesupportdisc
Rubberscraper,scissors,brushes,resin,
hardener and glass reinorcement
Airgun,gasburneroreldovenwithinsulation
blanket and digital temperature gauge
Cleaningbrush,non-uffycleaningragsand
cleaning fuids.
The successive activities or a laminate joint are cutting,
sanding, cleaning, mixing, tting, laminating and curing.
For specic and detailed inormation, reerence is madeto manuacturers documentation.
4.4. Flange Joint
The fange joint connects appendages and equipment
as well as other lines o dierent materials. Based on the
application and pressure, several types are available.
For a fange joint ollowing tools and materials are
required:
Ringspanner,torquewrench
Bolts,nutsandwashers
Gasket.
It is o major importance that GRE fanges are aligned
with the counter fange. Excessive misalignment may
cause high stresses, which lead to premature material
ailure.
Generally, fange joints acilitate connections with steel
piping and allow easy assembly and disassembly o
piping systems.
For specic and detailed inormation, reerence is made
to manuacturers documentation.
Fig. 4.3.a. Scheme laminate joint
Fig. 4.3.b. Laminate joint
Fig. 4.4. Flanged joint
Fig. 4.5. Flange detail
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4.5. Mechanical O-Ring Lock Joint
The mechanical O-ring lock joint is a tensile resistanttype o joint. This restrained type o joint can be used in
unrestrained environments, e.g. aboveground.
The ollowing tools and materials are required to make
such a joint:
Pipeclampsandpullingequipment
Lubricant,O-ring,lockingkey(s)andplastic
or wooden mallet to drive the locking key in
position
Non-uffycleaningragsandcleaninguids.
The assembly procedure starts with cleaning and
lubricating suraces, then mounting clamps, aligning,
pulling the spigot in the socket and mounting the locking
key(s). The joint can be disassembled, but is not designed
as such.
For specic and detailed inormation, reerence is made
to manuacturers documentation.
4.6. Mechanical O-Ring Joint
The mechanical O-ring joint is a non-tensile resistant typeo joint. This unrestrained type o joint can be used in a
restrained environment, e.g. underground.
This type o joint is made with the ollowing tools and
materials:
Pipeclampsandpullingequipment
Lubricant,O-ring
Non-uffycleaningragsandcleaninguids.
Joining starts with cleaning and lubricating suraces; then
mounting clamps, aligning and pulling o the spigot in thesocket.
For specic and detailed inormation, reerence is made
to manuacturers documentation.
4.7. Mechanical Coupler
Generally, mechanical couplers are used or joining plain-
ended GRE pipes to pipes made rom other materials. A
step coupler can join pipes with dierent outer diameters.
This type o joint is unrestrained. These couplers can also
be used or preliminary repairs.
Specic inormation can be obtained rom the supplier o
the coupler.
The joining necessitates the use o an Allen key, torquewrench and a ring spanner.
Fig. 4.6. Mechanical O-ring lock joint with two keys
Fig. 4.7. Mechanical O-ring lock joint with one key
Fig. 4.8.a. Scheme mechanical coupler
Fig. 4.8.b. Various mechanical couplers
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5. Tools and materials
For details on tooling and materials, reerence is made tomanuacturers detailed documentation.
5.1. Tools
Tools are divided in two main categories:
non-consumables and consumables.
5.1.1. Non-consumables
Non-consumable tools can be used multiple times.
5.1.1.1. Shaver
A GRE pipe shaver is a custom designed tool, which is
used to prepare a spigot end or an adhesive bonded
joint on a pipe. Pipes are standard supplied with the
appropriate end guration, but an adjustment to length at
site requires shaving o a spigot in the eld.
The shaver is mounted on an arbor.The arbor is mounted and centred in the pipe and xed
against the inner surace o the pipe by expanding the
diameter.
The shaver arm rotates around the central shat o the
arbor; the machining tool shapes the spigot end.
5.1.1.2. Heating blanket
Heating blankets are designed to cure adhesive bonded
and laminated joints.Blankets are made rom a coiled resistance wire, which is
sandwiched between two layers o silicon rubber.
To control the temperature, each blanket is urnished with
a thermostat.
It is important to store the heating blanket properly in
order to keep this tool in an optimal condition.
Heating blankets shall never be olded; these blankets
may only be stored fat or rolled.
Fig. 5.1. Shaver set
Fig. 5.2. Shaving o a spigot end
Fig. 5.3. Heating blanket
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5.1.1.3. Pullers and band clamps
Pullers and band clamps are used to make Taper-Taperadhesive bonded joints, large diameter Conical-
Cylindrical bonded joints and mechanical O-ring (lock)
joints.
Band-clamps with pulling lugs must be applied at both
pipe ends to be joined. The positions o the pulling lugs
shall ace each other.
The Taper-Taper joint must be kept under tension until
curing o the adhesive is completed to avoid joint
detachment.
Rubber protection pads are placed underneath the
ratchets beore tightening the band clamps. Put a wooden
wedge between the pipe and the pulling lug to create a
gap or mounting o the heating blanket.
For bonding o large diameters 3 to 4 pullers are
required. Check the pullers on deects on a regular base.
5.1.1.4 Others
Other non-consumables may be required such as:
Airgun,gasburneroreldoven
Anglecutter,handsaworjigsaw
Pipetterswraparound
Grindingtool
Insulationblankets
Digitaltemperaturegauge
Generator.
5.1.2. ConsumablesConsumable tools can only be used once.
Following tools are supposed to be consumable:
Measuringtape
Pairofscissors
Marker
Sandpaper/grindingdiscsP40P60
Brushes
Rubberscrappers,bucket
Cleaninguids,jointlubricant
Dustmasks,glovesandsafetyglasses.
Fig. 5.4. Pulled adhesive joint
Fig. 5.5. Curing o adhesive joint under tension
Fig. 5.6. Consumables
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5.2. Materials
5.2.1. Adhesive
Dierent types o adhesive are available depending on
the application. Adhesive can be conductive or non-
conductive.
An adhesive kit contains resin, hardener, mixing spatula
and bonding instructions.
Adhesive kits contain chemicals that are sensitive to
temperature and moisture.
It is important to check the expiry date o the adhesive,which is printed on the package.
Do not use adhesive or resin ater indicated expiry date.
5.2.2. O-ring
A rubber O-Ring provides the sealing o the mechanical
O-ring (lock) joint. Standard O-rings are made o Nitryl
Butadiene Rubber (NBR).
Depending on the medium and/or temperature, other
types o rubber can be supplied.
O-rings must be stored properly and fat, in a dry, cool
and dark environment, ree rom dust and chemicals,
which may attack the material.
Direct sunlight must be avoided.
5.2.3. Locking key
Locking keys block the longitudinal displacement o thespigot in the socket o a mechanical O-ring lock joint.
Locking keys must be stored in a dry and cool location
without direct exposure o sunlight. Improper storage may
aect the mechanical properties negatively. For urther
details, reerence is made to manuacturers detailed
documentation.
Fig. 5.7. Adhesive kit
Fig. 5.8. O-rings
Fig. 5.9. Locking keys
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5.3. Check o incoming material
5.3.1. Quality check
The condition o containers, crates, boxes and pallets
must be checked on possible damage upon arrival. I
damage has occurred to any material package, the
contents might be damaged too.
Check pipes and ttings on impact damage. Materials
and tooling must be dry at arrival.
The damaged state o materials and/or products when
delivered must be reported and documented (e.g.
claried with pictures). Damaged materials shall beseparated and quarantined rom undamaged materials to
avoid unintentional use.
5.3.2. Quantity check
Check the delivered quantities and the reported quantitieson the packaging list. The recipient is advised to check
the contents o the deliveries.
Quantity, size and conguration o materials and
products should be physically checked against the data
on the packing list.
Any deviation rom the packing list must be reported
immediately.
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6. Installation o underground pipe systems
GRE pipes are used or various applications in varioussoils conditions.
Underground pipeline systems require accurate trench
structuring, product assembly and installation.
For detailed inormation about underground installation,
reerence is made to manuacturers documentation.
6.1. Trench construction
The trench construction highly depends on the soil
parameters, such as type, density and moisture content.The construction o the trench should comply with
ollowing requirements and recommendations:
Thetrenchshapeisdeterminedbythe
classication o the soil, which can be unstable
or stable
Topsidesofthetrenchmustbeclearedfrom
rocks or any other sharp/heavy materials
Thetrenchfoundationshallconsistofa
compacted sand layer without stones or sharpobjects
Loosenahardanduneventrenchfoundationin
order to prevent point loading
Keepthetrenchdryduringinstallation;if
necessary use o a pumping system and
drainage
Theminimumwidth(W)atthebottomofthe
trench or a single pipe shall be:W = 1.25 * OD + 300 mm
Thespacebetweenthepipeandthetrench
wall must be 150 mm wider than the used
compaction equipment
Respectingpipestiffness,operatingconditions,
soil characteristics and wheel load the minimum
burial depth is 0.8 m
Thecrownofthepipemustbeinstalledbelow
rost level.
Fig. 6.1. Trench in unstable soil
Fig. 6.2. Trench in stable soil
Fig. 6.3. General scheme o trench construction
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6.2. System assembly
The assembly procedure o a piping system may vary perproject. Generally, this procedure deals with positioning
and joining o components in the plant.
6.2.1. Positioning components in the plant
Ater positioning o the pipe system elements next to the
trench, these components have to be handled into nal
position in the trench.
Smalldiameterpipesectionscanbeloweredmanually using ropes, slings or light liting
devices
Largediameterpipingrequiresheavier
equipment during nal positioning
Toavoiddamagetheminimumbendingradius
o a pipe shall be respected
Avoidunwantedobjectsfallingintothetrench
during lowering pipe sections
Usenylonslingbeltsorspecialdesigned
equipment during product handling.
6.2.2. Joining o components
Respect next requirements and recommendations or
joining o underground pipe systems:
Inspectallproductsbeforeinstallation
ComponentswithmechanicalO-ringjointsshall
be assembled in the trench
Adhesivebondedandlaminatedjointscanbe
assembled either inside or outside the trench
Nevermoveordisturbajointduringthecuring
process
Standardpipelengthsmaybedoubledinorder
to reduce the installation time
Ensuresufcientspacearoundjointsforproper
alignment and joining
Keepthesystemcentredinthetrench
Fig. 6.4. Assembly in process
Fig. 6.5. Assembly in the trench
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Respecttheallowablejointangulardeection
and pipe bending radius
Bendingofajointshallbeavoidedunless
allowable by system design
Changesindirectionsinnon-restrainedpipeline
systems must be anchored
EnsurestretchingoftheO-ringlockjoints;this
prevents axial displacement o the pipeline and
overloading o ttings when pressurising the
system
Thepipelinecanbestretchedbypressurizingat
0.8 * operating pressure. Mechanical stretching
is recommended. Precautions shall be taken to
avoid overloading o ttings
Branchesshallbeleftfreeorareinstalledafter
stretching o the header completely.
6.3. Backlling
Backlling shall be perormed according standardprocedures. Trench lling, proper compaction and
stabilizing o the system shall be perormed in
accordance with the requirements.
6.3.1. Procedure and requirements
The procedure and the requirements comprise:
Temporaryinstallationdevicesmustberemoved
prior to backlling
Themaximumparticlesizeforpipezone
embedment is related to the pipe diameter and
is described in the backll material specication
Dumpinglargequantitiesofbackllmaterialat
one spot on top o the pipe may cause damage;
spread the applied backll material
Backllmaterialshallbecompactedinlayersof
150 mm. The pipe may not be displaced due to
backlling
Fig. 6.6. Scheme trench construction stable soil
Fig. 6.7. Scheme trench construction unstable soil
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Whenreachingacompactionheightof0.3*ID
below the crown o the pipe, compaction may
be continued in layers o 300 mm
Eachlayerofbackllshallhaveacompaction
grade o at least 85 % Standard Proctor Density
(SPD)
Compactionisperformedonbothsidesofthe
pipe, never across the pipe. A vibrating plate
with an impact orce o 3000 N is used
Donotuseheavypneumatichammersor
vibrating equipment until having reached abackll level o 500 mm over the crown o the
pipe
Avoidanycontactbetweencompactiontools
and GRE-product.
6.3.2. Backll material specication
For classication o various backll materials and types o
embedment, reerence is made to AWWA Manual M45
or ASTM D 3839.
Note that highly plastic and organic soil materials are
not suitable or backlling and must be excluded rom the
pipe zone embedment.
6.3.3. Other backlling methods
Use o the saturation method does not give any better
result than the above-described method.
The grade o compaction is lost i compaction by
saturation is perormed ater mechanical compaction.
When saturating the trench, avoid foating o the pipeline
as well as erosion o the side support. Do not backll i
the ground is already saturated.
The saturation method may only be used or ree draining
soils, when the drainage pumps are kept in operation and
the pipe system is completely lled with liquid.
Fig. 6.8. Pipe assembly in process in prepared trench
Fig. 6.9. Compaction o backll material
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6.4. Special underground installations
Road crossings and channel crossings demand particularattention and requirements.
6.4.1. Road crossing
Precautions shall be taken to protect pipes, which cross
underneath roads against the possible consequences o
trac loads.
Possible alternatives are:
Jacketpipe Reliefplate
Burialdepth
Pipestiffness.
6.4.1.1. Jacket pipe
The GRE pipe is nested in a jacket pipe. In order to avoid
direct contact between both pipes, spacers centre the
GRE pipe. These spacers also support the GRE pipe at
a maximum distance o 3 m. The jacket pipe should be
longer than the width o the road.
6.4.1.2. Relie plates
Relie plates are used i pipes are installed at shallow
depth in well compacted sandy soils or in case the
soil- and trac load cause an excessive loading or
deormation o the GRE.
The plate is specially designed and dimensioned to
minimise the transer o wheel load on the pipe.
6.4.1.3. Burial depth
Generally, the infuence o the wheel load o trac
passing a buried pipe reduces with increasing burial
depth.
However, with increasing burial depth the soil load on the
buried pipe increases.
Our engineers may assist to determine an optimal
solution.
6.4.1.4. Pipe stiness
Pipes with higher stiness are better resistant to externalloads due to trac loads. Stiness o pipe can be
increased by increasing the wall thickness.
Fig. 6.10. Jacket pipe at road crossing
Fig. 6.11. Relie plate
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6.4.2. Channel crossing
The common method to install underwater mains is toassemble the pipe on the bank o the canal or river. The
pipe can be lowered using a foating crane or other liting
equipment; care should be taken to ensure sucient pipe
supports.
The process starts by sealing the ends o the pipe and
pulling the system into the water; the pipe keeps foating.
Then, the pipe is lled and careully sunk into its nal
position.
Flexible joints can be used or underwater piping i theinstallation is perormed using a coerdam construction;
this makes the installation similar to an onshore assembly.
Note that underwater pipes should be covered suciently
to prevent foating and damage (e.g. by anchors).
6.5. Alignment
Undulating land levels with minor dierence in height can
be ollowed by the fexibility o the system.
Joints or pipe bending, i assessed by system design,ensures no lateral displacement while allowing angular
defection.
6.6. Settlement
Flexible joints have to be installed in pairs; one joint is
placed at the beginning o the deviation while the other is
located at the end o this area, in order to create a rocker
pipe. The rocker pipe will act as a hinge.
The longer the rocker pipe, the higher the loads on the
joints. This can be avoided by adding more joints that
are fexible. Based on the soil parameters, the number o
joints is determined.
Note that the length o the sections shall be limited in
order to avoid excessive bending which may result in
ailure o pipe or joint.
The section length = ID + minimal 0.5 m. Mechanical
O-ring joints shall be installed at both ends to
accommodate urther settlements.
Fig. 6.12. Lowering underwater main
Fig. 6.13. Pipe alignment
Fig. 6.14. Settlement
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6.7. Pipe cast in concrete
In some cases, pipe systems may be cast in concrete.Such applications require ollowing:
Donotpourconcretedirectlyontopipe
Thevibratingpokermustbekeptatleast300
mm away rom the pipe
Thepipesystemmustbepressuretestedpriorto
casting
Cradlesareprovidedwithsteelclampsand
rubber lining in order to prevent foating
Bucklingofthepipeduringcastingcanbe
prevented by pressurizing the system.
Note that concrete shrinks when setting; this may result
in extra loading o the GRE pipe system. Ensure that the
allowable pressure is not exceeded by using pressure
relie valves.
Fig. 6.15. Pipe cast in concrete
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7. Installation o aboveground pipe systems
Aboveground pipe systems may be subjected to variousloadings resulting rom operation o the system.
Next to the inormation in this section, reerence is made
to specic manuacturers documentation.
7.1. Supports
Supports not only provide system xation, loading
relie and clinching, but protection. Prior to installation,
supports are checked or location, type and span as
detailed in drawings and specications o the project.Supports can be dierentiated as xed, guided sliding
and ree sliding supports.
7.1.1. General
Functional pipe supporting can be obtained with the aid
o system design analysis.
Following aspects need to be respected:
Pipesrestingonsleepersaresuppliedwith180
saddles, which are bonded to the pipe at thesupport location to protect the pipe against wear
damage rom possible pipe movements
Thelengthofthewearsaddlemustbe50mm
longer than the calculated pipe displacement
plus the support width
Allowpipeexpansionwithinaclamp
Inverticalpipeassemblies,thesocketsofO-ring
joints shall point downwards, so water cannotbe trapped in the socket.
Entrapped water in the socket may cause joint
damage when reezing
Forclampdimensions,referenceismadeto
manuacturers detailed documentation
MechanicalO-ringjointsrequireminimalone
support per pipe length.
The distance o the support to the joint is
maximal 20 % o the pipe length.
Fig. 7.1. Aboveground pipe system
Fig. 7.2. Pipe supports
Fig. 7.3. Overhead supports
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7.1.2. Fixed support points
Fixed points may never be realized by tightening the boltso the pipe clamps. This may lead to pipe deormations
and excessive wall stresses.
Mind the ollowing requirements or xed points:
Fixationsaddlesshallbepositionedonboth
sides, at the shoe side o the clamp
Laminatedxationsaddlesshallbeappliedon
both sides o the clamp
Whenusingnon-restrainedjointingsystemseach
pipe shall be xed
Eachchangeofdirectioninanon-restrained
pipeline shall be anchored to prevent pipe joints
coming apart
Checkwhetherthepositionsofpipesupports
are still in accordance with the installation
requirements ater testing. The supporting
elements might be dislocated due to test
pressure.
Note that the mechanical O-ring lock joints must be
ully stretched to avoid movement o pipe sections and
consequently possible overloading. For urther details
on this type o joint, reerence is made to manuacturers
documentation.
Fig. 7.4. Support with xed point
Fig. 7.5. Fixed point with bonded saddles
Fig. 7.6. Collars on both sides o the pipe clamp
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7.2. Pipe clamps
Various types o pipe supports are available.Following considerations must be respected:
Avoidpointloadsbyusingclampsmadeofat
strips instead o U-bolts.
The width o the strip is related to the pipe
diameter. For large diameter pipe double
clamps may be applied
Theinsideoftheclampisfurnishedwitha
rubber or cork liner to compensate the uneven
pipe outer surace and to minimise abrasion dueto pipe movement and vibration
Longitudinalmovementintheclampsisnot
advised. Generally, movement between the
clamp shoe and the support structure shall
realize sliding o supports.
For detailed inormation on clamps, reerence is made to
manuacturers documentation.
7.3. Valves
To avoid overstressing o pipes by the weight o valves
or other heavy equipment it is advised to support pipe
accessories on the fange bolts.
The load on the pipeline by operating the valve shall be
carried by the support o the pipe structure. In case o a
GRE fange mounted against a steel fange, the support is
preerably xed to the steel fange.
Fig. 7.7. Overhead supported pipeline
Fig. 7.8. Double pipe clamp
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7.4. Bellows
GRE products can absorb low amplitude vibrations due tothe fexible properties o the composite material.
To eliminate high amplitude vibrations caused by e.g.
pumps and to compensate soil settlement or expansion o
e.g. tanks joined with pipes, bellows can be applied.
Bellows acilitate dismantling o pipe sections, valves,
orice fanges and gaskets. This equipment also
absorbs pipe movements due to cyclic pressure and/or
temperature in pipe systems that are joined with relatively
sti adhesive bonded joints.
In many cases, bellows are directly joined to the vibrating
item by means o fanges. Note that the pipe section next
to the bellow shall be supported separately to absorb the
pipe loads.
7.5. Pipe connections through walls
Several alternatives are available or passing pipes
through walls. In case o anticipated settlement o the wall
or pipeline, fexible couplings must be installed on both
sides o the wall.The joints shall be positioned as close as possible outside
the wall.
7.5.1. GRE pipe with sealing puddle fange
The actory made puddle fange consists o a GRE ring,
which is laminated on the pipe.
7.5.2. Sand coated GRE pipeA sand coating on a GRE pipe oers an excellent
adhesion between concrete and GRE.
Fig. 7.9. Bellow
Fig. 7.10. Puddle fange
Fig. 7.11. Sand coated GRE pipe casted in concrete
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7.5.3. Link seal
This type o wall penetration consists o several linkedrubber parts, which t in the circular space between the
outer surace o a GRE pipe and the diameter o a hole in
a wall.
A suciently smooth inner surace o the wall can be
obtained by:
Mountingasteelpipesectionwithwaterseal
beore pouring mortar
Drillingaholewithacrowndrillhaving
diamond inlays
Fixingaremovableplasticcasingpipesection
beore pouring mortar.
The rubber parts are linked together with bolts and orm
a rubber chain. The rubber sections are compressed by
tightening the bolts.
All components o the link seal can be made o various
material qualities.
Link seals allow or some angular defection and lateral
movement. Ater having mounted the GRE pipe in the linkseal the rubber elements are compressed by tightening
the bolts evenly. The expanded rubber sections seal the
room between GRE and concrete.
7.5.4. Special sealing shape
This wall penetration consists o a steel pipe, which is
provided with fanges. One o the fanges is proled to t
a sealing element.
By tightening the nuts, the seal is compressed in theannular space between the fange and the pipe and
provides an excellent seal.
Fig. 7.12. Sketch link seal
Fig. 7.13. Link seal
Fig. 7.14. Special sealing shape
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7.5.5. Plain wall passing
When passing a pipe through a wall, the outer surace othe pipe must be protected with a fexible material, e.g.
a 5 mm thick rubber layer, protruding 100 mm at both
sides o the wall.
7.6. Joining with other materials
The most appropriate method to join objects o dierent
materials is by using a fange. A mechanical coupler
might be an alternative. For details about these joints,
reerence is made to manuacturers documentation.
Flanges can be drilled according most o the relevant
standards. When a fanged GRE pipe section is
joined with a metal pipe section, the metal section
must be anchored to avoid transmission o loads and
displacements to the GRE pipe sections.
Instrument connections can be made using a saddle and
a bushing.
7.7. UV-resistance
The topcoat o GRE pipes and ttings consist o a resin
rich layer. This layer oers sucient protection against
UV-radiation.
When exposed to weather conditions the epoxy topcoat
may be attacked on the long term; this may result in a
chalked outer surace.
Ater several years o operation, the chalked layer may
be removed and replaced by a resistant, protective
polyurethane paint coating.Contact the manuacturer or advice.
Fig. 7.15. Plain wall passing
Fig. 7.16. Joining to other materials
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8. Quality Control/Quality Assurance
8.1. General
To assure good workmanship, only qualied and certied
personnel shall be allowed to work on the installation o
GRE pipeline systems.
Always strictly ollow the installation manuals next to the
necessary instruction guidelines. When making joints, it
is necessary to execute the required steps in the correct
sequence.
Never compromise on work quality and ollow theinstructions assigned rom handling and storing through
joining and installing GRE materials.
8.2. Joint traceability
As part o the quality control and on behal o thetraceability o adhesive bonded joint data, the ollowing
inormation should be registered during installation or
each joint:
1. Name or registration ino o the pipe-tter
2. Joint identication (number)
3. Start/end o the curing process
4. Heat blanket identication (number)
5. Identication (number) o adhesive batch
6. Temperature o heating blanket (optional).
8.3. Possible installation deects
Following table lists a number o deect types along with acceptance criteria and recommended corrective actions:
Table 8.1. Deect, acceptance criterion, corrective action
Defect Inspectionmethod Cause Acceptance criterion Correctiveaction
Incorrect spooldimensions
Visual Incorrect preabricationCan dierence be compensatedelsewhere in the system?Can system not be compensated?
Accept
Reject
Misalignedspools
Visual Misaligned components e.g. fangesCan dierence be compensatedelsewhere in the system?Can system not be compensated?
Accept
Reject
Misalignedjoint
VisualMovement during cure.Incorrect shave dimensions
Not permitted Reject
Diameter res tric tion Visual Application o too much adhesive Maximum height (h) o adhesiveseam is 0.05 * ID or 10 mm, whi-chever is smaller
I accessible,remove bygrinding
Impact, wear,or abrasive damage
Visual Incorrect transport or handlingAccording to ISO 14692,Annex A, Table A1
Major deect:replaceMinor deect:Repair
Leaking joint Hydro test Joining not properly perormed Not permitted Reject
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9. Field Test Procedure
9.1. General
Beore the installed pipeline system is operational, the
system has to be hydro tested to ensure the integrity and
leak tightness. Hydro testing o the pipeline system will be
perormed in two steps:
1. Integrity test
The test pressure shall be increased over an
agreed duration at an agreed pressure level in
order to prove the maximum pressure resistance
o the system.
2. Leak tightness test
The test pressure shall be increased to an agreed
pressure level at which the joints can be inspected
visually.
Pressure level and test duration can be stated in an
Inspection and Test section o the Site Quality Plan.
All saety precautions must be applied.
It is important to test the integrity o the system rst, to
avoid the risk o injury during visual inspection.All pressure gauges and pumps must be suitable and
calibrated. Ensure that the pipeline can be vented and
drained.
The pressure gauge must be mounted between a valve
and the pipeline system in order to indicate the test
pressure in the GRE system ater having closed the valve,
which is mounted ater the pump.
Due to the head o water, the pressure gauge should be
located at the lowest point in the system. The pressure
gauge should have a maximum scale reading o
approximately twice the test pressure.I the system is not designed to withstand any negative
pressure, which might occur during testing, then the
system needs to be protected by an air release valve.
Trapped air should be released by using vent(s).
The application o GRE pipeline systems may vary rom
long, (buried) line pipe applications to small skid piping
systems.
Joint types might vary rom laminate joints to mechanical
joints with O-ring seal, with or without locking strip.
Each system requires its specic testing method. For each
system, the test procedure has to be described in the
Inspection and Testing Plan (ITP) o the Site Quality Plan.
This ITP must be established beore the project starts.
The advices or testing mentioned in the ollowing
paragraphs are or guidance only and are not
mandatory.
9.2. PreparationPrior to hydro testing, the ollowing issues shall be
checked:
Allmaterialthatshouldnotbeontheinsideof
the pipeline system shall be removed
Alljoiningproceduresshallbecompleted
Trenchesshouldbepartiallybacklledand
compacted; the joints should be let exposed
Allsupports,guides,and(temporary)anchors
shall be in place and unctional beore
pressurizing the system
Alltemporarysupportsandinstallationaidsshall
be removed
Unlessstatedotherwise,allvalvesshouldbe
through-body tested
Allcheckvalvesshallberemovedtoenablemonitoring o the ull line
Flangeboltsshallbemadeuptothecorrect
torque
Buriedpipesystemsmustbebacklled
suciently to restrain the system
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9.3. Filling, stabilizing, testing anddepressurizing
9.3.1. Filling and stabilizing
Fill the pipeline at the lowest point with water using a
small diameter branch connection and vent the trapped
air at the highest point(s) o the system. Long straight
sections may be vented using an infatable ball or oam
pig to expel any air and impurities.
Fig. 9.1. Various pipe pigs
Ater lling, the line is pressurized gradually up to 0.8 *
Design Pressure; the pressure shall be maintained or 24
hours in order to allow the system to set and the pressure
to stabilise. For small above ground systems, it is allowed
to reduce the stabilising time.
9.3.2. Testing
Once the pressure is stabilised, the integrity o the pipe
system is tested rst in accordance with agreements.
Depending on the system a pressure drop might occur.
In all cases, leakage o joints, pipes or ttings is not
allowed. For saety reasons, an inspection o the system
because o a possible leakage is not permitted when the
pipeline is loaded at integrity test pressure level. This hasto be mentioned in the ITP.
When the integrity test has been completed successully,
depressurise the system to leak tightness test pressure
level. Duration o the leak tightness test normally depends
on the time needed to inspect all joints, pipes and ttings
visually.
It is preerable to test the line in sections, or example
the length o one-day installation. The line is temporarily
closed using, e.g. a test plug and a fange at the end. Theblind fange should be provided with an air release valve.
Fig. 9.2. Field testing
Ater testing o the installed section the test plug, needs
to be pushed back about 2 meters by pressuring air via
the air release valve. The excess water is released by
opening the valve at the begin o the line. Ater securingo the test plug, e.g. by infation, the temporary fange
connection can be removed and the assembly may
proceed. The advantage o this method is that the test
medium stays in the tested section and does not need to
be re-lled or hydro testing o the next section.
Any leak caused by incorrect assembly o the joint can be
detected easily.
Extreme movements can be prevented by partially lling
and compacting o the trench.
Note that temperature changes over a 24 hours periodwill aect the pressure in a closed system.
A drop in pressure during the night does not always
indicate that there is a leak in the system. When testing a
system the ambient temperature should be measured.
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GRE material behaves dierent rom steel due to the low
weight, the fexibility o the joint and elasticity o the
material.In case o a ailure during hydro testing, the line will
move due to the sudden release o stored energy; there
might be a risk o injury to personnel.
Note that testing with air or gas is extremely dangerous
and should be avoided. Systems shall never be tested
with an infammable fuid or gas.
The manuacturer o GRE pipe systems does not take any
responsibility or any damage resulting rom the use o
these methods.
The ollowing causes may aect pressure drop and
consequently result in hydro test ailures:
Leakageofpipelineaccessories
Leakageofgaskets
Leakingjoints
Leakageofpipes.
The system shall be considered to have passed the hydro
test i there is no leaking o water rom the piping at any
location and there is no signicant pressure loss that can
be accounted or by usual engineering considerations.
9.3.3. Depressurising
Depressurisation o the system must be carried out
careully to avoid a negative pressure.
10. Repair
In the unlikely event, GRE pipes, joints and/or ttings mayhave to be repaired. Repair on the pipeline system shall
be perormed according described instructions.
The repair procedure shall be prepared and qualied by
the contractor in accordance with the pipe manuacturers
recommendations. It shall be demonstrated that the repair
method restores the specied properties.
Leaks in pipe, ttings and joints are repaired by replacing
the deective part. In some cases, especially or buried
systems, insucient space and/or dicult accessibility topipes and ttings may occur.
Each application o a GRE pipe system and each type
o product or design requires a dierent repair and/or
replacement procedure.
For urther details, reerence is made to manuacturers
documentation.
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11. Tolerances
It is recommended to consider and use the dimensional tolerances illustrated and gured below.
TolerancestoDimensionalReference
Internal Diameter (mm) A B C D E F
25 200 5mm 3mm 0.5 3mm 1mm 0.5
200 300 5mm 3mm 0.3 3mm 1mm 0.5
350 400 5mm 3mm 0.3 3mm 2mm 0.5
450 600 10mm 5mm 0.3 3mm 2mm 0.5
700 900 10mm 5mm 0.2 4mm 3mm 0.5
1000 1200 10mm 5mm 0.15 6mm 3mm 0.5
The maximum gap shall be limited to 6 mm.
Fig. 11.1 Tolerances
DimensionA
a. Face to Face dimensions
b. Center to Face dimensions
c. Location o attachments
d. Center to Center dimensions
DimensionB
Lateral transition o branches or connections
DimensionC
Rotation o fanges, rom the indicated position
DimensionD
End preparations
DimensionECut o alignment o fanges rom the indicated position,
measured across the ull gasket ace
DimensionF
Angular defection
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12. Saety precautions
The ollowing saety precautions should be respectedwhen using GRE products.
The required rescue and saety measures when using
resin and hardener or adhesive or lamination sets are
shown under the R- and S- code numbers, which are listed
in manuacturers documentation.
12.1. Resin, hardener, adhesive andlamination sets
In order to avoid irritation o the respiratory system,satisactory ventilation should be provided. I a system is
hydro tested, adequate saety precautions must be taken,
as a sae test pressure does not exist. Any pressure in
itsel is dangerous.
Experienced personnel must operate the test equipment.
Persons not involved in the test or inspection are not
allowed in the immediate area o the tested system. Only
one person should be in charge and everyone else must
ollow his/her instructions.
Do not change anything on the pipe system when it isunder pressure. Leaking joints may only be repaired ater
the pressure has been ully released.
The test equipment must be installed at a sae distance
rom the connection to the pipe system.
I welding needs to take place, the GRE material must be
protected rom hot works.
12.2. Cutting, shaving and sanding
When cutting or grinding GRE materials the ollowingpersonal protection is necessary to protect eyes and skin:
Adustmaskcoveringnoseandmouth
Apairofsafetygoggles
Glovesandoverall
Closeoverallsleeveswithadhesivetapetokeep
the dust out
Wearprotectiveclothingtoprotectthebody
Machiningshouldbecarriedinawell-ventilated
room or in open air.
12.3. Environment
Always clean up the work area. GRE and cured adhesive
are chemically inert and do not have to be treated as
chemical waste.
Waste shall always be disposed in an environment
riendly manner.
Fig. 12.1. Personal protective equipment
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