Conclusions

Synthesis of aluminium doped zinc oxide inks for printed transparent electrode applications

Harish K* and P. Swaminathan

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras,Chennai 600036, INDIA

*mm14b040@smail.iitm.ac.in, harishks96@gmail.comAbstract ID:712

• Aluminium doped zinc oxide (AZO) is a low cost replacement toIndium tin oxide in transparent conducting applications.

• Inkjet printing is a cheap, fast route to fabricate functionalmaterials.

• Wet chemical synthesis can be employed to have a greatercontrol over sizes, shapes and composition of particles.

Experimental Procedure

Effect of conc. variation at 250 °C

XRD

5 mol % Al at 250 °C

Mixture of Zn(OH)2 and Al(OH)3 dried at 80 oC and annealed at 5 different temperatures : 250 to 650 oC

Synthesised AZO characterized using X – Ray Diffractometry(XRD), Raman, and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS)

Formulation of an ethylene glycol based ink Morphological characterization – optical microscopy and SEM

Printing conducting patterns using inkjet printing and testing as transparent electrodes

• AZO nanoparticles synthesized using a wet chemical route for different concentrations of aluminium and annealing temperatures.

• XRD shows a higher angle shift with increase in aluminium concentration, confirming incorporation into lattice.

• A sample with 15 mol % Al was selected and its structural and electronic properties were examined via DRS and Raman spectroscopy.

• An Ethylene Glycol based ink was formulated and the printed patterns were continuous under optical microscopy and SEM.

• Electrical conductivity of the printed patterns will be investigated as a part of future work.

Research supported by Faculty Seed Grant, IITM. Raman and DRS wereperformed at the Dept. of Physics, IITM. SEM was carried out at Dept. ofElectrical Engg., IITM. XRD and Optical Microscopy were performed at theDept. of MME, IITM.

Effect of annealing temperature on 15 mol % Al

Morphology of printed patterns

Motivation

Reactions : Drop wise, room temperature addition ; 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0.03

Zn(NO3)2 (0.1 – x) M + NaOH (0.1M) Zn(OH)2 + 2NaNO3

Al(NO3)3 x M + NaOH (0.1M) Al(OH)3 + 3NaNO3

Results

Raman SpectraDRS

SEM images of drop cast ink on glass substrate

Optical microscopy of drop cast ink on glass substrate

Acknowledgement

1. Elvira Fortunato et al., Transparent Conducting Oxides for Photovoltaics, MRS Bulletin, 32, 242 (2007)

2. Alexander Kamyshny et al., Metal-based inkjet inks for printed electronics, The Open Applied Physics Journal, 4, 19 (2011)

3. A. V. Nikam et al., Wet chemical synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles: a review, Cryst. Eng. Comm., 20, 5091 (2018)

4. Taziwa R et al., Structural, Morphological and Raman Scattering Studies of Carbon Doped ZnO Nanoparticles Fabricated by PSP Technique, J Nanosci. Nanotechnol. Res., 1, 3 (2017)

References

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

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5 mol % Al

Inte

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ty (

arb

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2 Theta (deg)

ICSD #29272 : ZnO

250 500 750 1000 1250

650 °C

550 °C

450 °C

350 °C

Inte

nsi

ty (

arb

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high A1- E

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Multiphonon

mode

250 °C

1 2 3 4

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Energy(eV)

(F(R

)*E

)2

650 °C

550 °C

350 °C

250 °C

Temperature(𝐢𝐧 oC) Bandgap (in eV)

250oC 3.89

450oC 3.80

550oC 3.56

650oC 3.39

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In

ten

sity

(arb

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20 mol % Al

10 mol % Al

2 Theta (in deg)

ZnO

5 mol % Al