waveev fault waveform analysis software_instruction...

WaveEvFault Waveform Analysis Software

Instruction Manual

NR Electric Co., Ltd.

WaveEv Fault Waveform Analysis Software

NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD. i

Preface

CopyrightRelease: R1.01P/N: EN_GJRJ0901.0086.0002Copyright © NR 2010. All rights reserved

We reserve all rights to this document and to the informationcontained herein. Improper use in particular reproduction anddissemination to third parties is strictly forbidden except whereexpressly authorized.

The information in this manual is carefully checked periodically,and necessary corrections will be included in future editions. Ifnevertheless any errors are detected, suggestions for correction orimprovement are greatly appreciated.

We reserve the rights to make technical improvements withoutnotice.

NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.69 Suyuan Avenue, Jiangning, Nanjing 211102，ChinaTel: 86-25-87178185, Fax: 86-25-87178208Website: www.nari-relays.comEmail: [email protected]


NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.ii


NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD. iii

Table of Content

Preface ..........................................................................................................................................i

Table of Content .........................................................................................................................iii

Chapter 1 Overview.....................................................................................................................1

1.1 Application .....................................................................................................................1

1.2 Copyright........................................................................................................................1

1.3 Overall Function ............................................................................................................1

1.4 System Files and Environmental Parameters Setup .................................................1

Chapter 2 Usage Instruction......................................................................................................3

2.1 Introduction to Main Interface......................................................................................3

2.2 Waveform Files Operation ............................................................................................3

2.2.1 Open Waveform Files..........................................................................................3

2.2.2 Path and Recent Historical Files List ................................................................4

2.2.3 Save as .................................................................................................................5

2.2.4 Merge Waveform..................................................................................................7

2.3 Waveform Display..........................................................................................................9

2.3.1 Display..................................................................................................................9

2.3.2 Waveform Display Operation ...........................................................................14

2.4 Waveform Analysis......................................................................................................35

2.4.1 Fault Location....................................................................................................35

2.4.2 Harmonic Analysis ............................................................................................38

2.4.3 Power Calculation .............................................................................................39

2.4.4 Sequence Component Analysis.......................................................................41

2.4.5 Impedance Analysis ..........................................................................................42

2.4.6 Formula Editor ...................................................................................................46

2.4.7 Spectral Analysis...............................................................................................49

2.4.8 Digital Event Information..................................................................................50

2.4.9 Fault Report .......................................................................................................53

2.4.10 View .CFG file information..............................................................................55


NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.iv

2.5 Display Analysis Data..................................................................................................56

2.5.1 Bar Chart ............................................................................................................57

2.5.2 Vector Graph......................................................................................................57

2.5.3 Sequence Component Graph...........................................................................59

2.5.4 Impedance Trajectory Graph............................................................................60

2.5.5 Spectral Analysis Graph...................................................................................60

2.6 Channel Ratio Setup....................................................................................................61

2.7 Configure WaveEv .......................................................................................................62

2.7.1 Line Setup ..........................................................................................................63

2.7.2 Analysis Option .................................................................................................63

2.7.3 Date Option ........................................................................................................64

2.7.4 Waveform Display Setup ..................................................................................64

2.7.5 Default Setup .....................................................................................................66

Chapter 3 Manual Release History..........................................................................................67

Chapter 1 Overview

NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD. 1

Chapter 1 Overview

1.1 Application

The Fault Waveform Analysis Software (FWAS) WaveEv provides an offline software for the

analysts and the general technical personnel of the power system to display the fault waveform,analyze the fault and print the waveform and analysis results. This software may be either used

independently, or used with Disturbance & Fault Recording System (DFRS), Protection Analysis

System (PAS), Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System(SCADA) and SubstationAutomation System (SAS).

1.2 Copyright

WaveEv is developed by NR Electric Co., Ltd. (NR for short), and the copyright is reserved byNR. Only the authorized users have the right to use this software.

Please contact with NR in case of problems during the usage of WaveEv.

1.3 Overall Function

WaveEv includes waveform files operation, waveform display and print, waveform analysis,formula calculation and data display of analysis results, etc.

Waveform file operations include:

open file, save file, format conversion and merging file.

Waveform display/print include:

browsing waveform, zoom in/out, viewing data, label, copying waveform, print setup, print preview,

print, etc.

Waveform analysis includes:

fault location, fault line detection, harmonic analysis, power analysis, impedance analysis and

sequence component analysis, etc. New waveform analysis function can be developed by adding

new analysis function module.

The analysis results may be displayed in the form of list, polar coordinates, rectangular coordinate,

bar chart, pie chart and text, etc.

This instruction manual will introduce the how to use these functions in details.

1.4 System Files and Environmental Parameters Setup

If WaveEv is installed in Windows OS, no environmental configuration is needed.

If WaveEv is installed in Linux/UNIX OS, the current directory of executable files is required to beset in the environmental parameter COMTRADEPATH of OS.

In Linux/UNIX OS, if the current path is “\user\ems\WaveEv”, an environmental variableCOMTRADEPATH must be added in the environmental variables of the system, the value of which

Chapter 1 Overview

NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.2

is “\user\ems\WaveEv\”.

NOTE：The last slash “\”in the value must not be omitted.

Chapter 2 Usage Instruction



2.1 Introduction to Main Interface

Figure 2.1-1 Main interface of WaveEv

The main interface is applied to provide an access to call various modules, which adopts

traditional menu bar, toolbar, status bar, floating window and multiple-document interface. Themultiple-document interface displays the original waveform and the page waveform generated by

analysis.

Various functions may be conveniently selected for analysis through the menu bar, toolbar or

shortcut menu.

2.2 Waveform Files Operation

2.2.1 Open Waveform Files

Select the menu “File”->“Open… ”or the toolbar button “ ”to open the waveform file, and the

following "Open waveform file”dialog box will pop up. Select the data file (*.DAT) to open the

waveform file.



NOTE：The letter “O”with underline indicates the shortcut of “Open… ”. Press the button

“Ctrl”+“O”(“O”is case insensitive) can directly open the dialog box of “Open waveform

file”instead of performing the menu.

Ctrl+O: Open…

Ctrl+S: Save as…

Ctrl+P: Print…

Ctrl+X: Exit…

Figure 2.2-1 How to open a waveform file

2.2.2 Path and Recent Historical Files List

When the file is opened again, the last opened path of such file may be recorded, thus this pathmay be adopted when the waveform is opened next time.

Ten recent waveforms may be recorded, and the recent waveform files may be opened quicklythrough “File”->“Recent Files”.



Figure 2.2-2 How to access recent files list

2.2.3 Save as

In the above figure, click the “ ”or use the shortcut key combination

“Ctrl+S”to pop up the “Save waveform file”textbox as shown in the following figure.

The “Save waveform file”textbox is applied to select some channels or to extract the waveformdata by a customized sampling rate to form a new waveform file and save it.

Figure 2.2-3 Textbox to save a waveform file as a new file



As shown in the above figure, you can click some channels in the left “Unselected channels”

textbox to move them to the right “Selected channels”textbox.

By clicking the “ ”button, all the channels in the left “Unselected channels”textbox

will be moved to the right “Selected channels”textbox.

By clicking the “ ”button, all the channels in the right “Selected channels”

textbox will be moved to the left “Unselected channels”textbox.

“ ”is applid to select the file format to be saved, 2 formats are optional: ASCII

(text) format or Binary format.

Select “ ”: the number of selected channels will not be changed, and only the

sampling data between the reference line (R line) and current line (C line) will be extracted to be

saved into the file.

If “ ”is not selected, all the sampling data of will be saved.

clicking the “ ”button.

Click the “ ”button to pop up a dialog to customize the sampling rate of the

data to be saved into the file.

Figure 2.2-4 Dialog to customize the sampling rate of the data to be saved into a file

In the above figure:

Only the values in 2 columns(“Customized sampling rate”and “First sampling point No.”) canbe modified.

The values in “Default sampling rate”and “Default sampling point number”is determined bythe waveform file and will remain unchanged in WaveEv.

The “Customized sampling point number”can not be modified directly, it is determined by



configuring “Customized sampling rate”. E.g.: if the “Default sampling rate”is 9600Hz, and the

“Default sampling point number”=1344, when “Customized sampling rate”=3200Hz, so“Customized sampling point number”will be modified as 448 by WaveEv automatically.

NOTE：In the above figure, the “Default sampling rate”is the original sampling rate of

the waveform file, and it can not be modified here. The “Customized sampling rate”isapplied to customize the sampling rate of the sampling data to be saved into the file, the

“Customized sampling rate”must be 1/N of the “Default sampling rate”, (N is a

positive integer).

The “First sampling point No.”is applied to select the start point No. of the sampling

data. “First sampling point No.” must >=1 and <=N (=N=“Default samplingrate”/“Customized sampling rate”) E.g.: if the “Default sampling rate”=9600Hz, and

the “Customized sampling rate”=3200Hz, N=9600Hz/3200Hz=3, so “First sampling

point No.”can be customized as 1,2 or 3.

2.2.4 Merge Waveform

Click the menu “File”->“Merge waveform… ”or click the button

in the toolbar to open the dialog box of “Waveform merge”.

Figure 2.2-5 Dialog box of “Waveform merge”

Respectively open waveform file 1 and waveform file 2 that are needed to be merged, and

double-click the channels which need to be merged. Finally, select appropriate time strategy andfile format for merged waveform file. Details are introduced as below:



1)

This option is used to determine whether to align the fault point for different channels.

Calibration:

No Calibration:

2)

This option is used to select the duration to save waveform file.

Overlaping duration:

Waveform 1 duration:

Waveform 2 duration:

Max duration:

3)

Select the parameters to save the merged waveform file: the same as the parameters of waveform

1 or waveform 2.

If Waveform 1 Param is selected:

The parameters of the merged waveform file will adopt the parameters of waveform 1 (upper:

waveform 1, lower: waveform 2)

If Waveform 2 Param is selected:

The parameters of the merged waveform file will adopt the parameters of waveform 2 (upper:

waveform 1, lower: waveform 2)



4)

Select the format of merged waveform file: BINARY or ASCII.

Click the button “Merge”to pop up the dialog box of “Save merged file”.

Figure 2.2-6 Dialog to save merged file

A prompt dialog will pop up when the merged file is saved successfully.

Figure 2.2-7 Dialog to prompt successful file mergence

2.3 Waveform Display

2.3.1 Display

After opening a waveform file, the waveform will be displayed automatically as shown in the

following figure.



Figure 2.3-1 Introduction of waveform interface

After opening a waveform, 8 areas and 3 vertical time scale lines will be automatically displayed as

shown in the above figure. The information windows can be displayed by operating on the menu

bar or toolbar.

2.3.1.1 Eight Areas

1) Menu bar

2) Toolbar

3) Name area of analog channel

The name area of analog channel displays the name of each analog channel and the data valuesof R line/C line. The color of R line data are the same as the color of R line, and the color of C

line data are the same as the color of C line. The waveform may be zoomed in/out by changingthe maximum scale of the horizontal coordinate. The display amplitude of a channel may be

changed by zooming in/out the channel height through the right-click menu.

4) Waveform display area of analog channel

The waveform display area of analog channel displays the waveforms of all analog channels andthe label of analog waveform. The default heights of waveforms of all channels are equal.

5) Name area of digital channel

The name area of digital channel is used to display the name of each digital channel, and two

colors are available to display alternatively.

6) Waveform display area of digital channel

The waveform display area of digital channel displays the waveforms of all digital channels and the



label of digital waveform. The status “1”is shown as the grid block. In this area, the status value of

each digital channel is displayed near C line. The changed status value is displayed by default.

7) Time axis area

The time axis area displays the relative time of each sampling point.

8) Status area

The status area displays the point No., absolute time and relative time （compared to trigger line）

of R line, and the point No., absolute time and relative time（compared to trigger line）of C line.

2.3.1.2 Three Time Scale Line

1) The line at the time scale that the fault started, i.e.: the trigger line (T line for short).

2) Current time scale line (C line for short).

3) Reference time line (R line for short).

C line can be moved by clicking the left mouse button.

R line can be moved by clicking the right mouse button.

The T line can be shown or hidden by clicking the submenu “Show/Hide trigger line”in the menu“View”.

2.3.1.3 Switch Displayed Value Type and Value Attribute

There is 1 drop down list to select value type as shown in the following figure, and the drop down

list includes: Primary value, Secondary value and Raw value.

Figure 2.3-2 The drop down list to select value type

There is another drop down list to select value attribute as shown in the following figure, and thedrop down list includes: Sample value, root-mean-square (RMS) value, amplitude (Amp), real

part (Re), imaginary part (Im) and Phase angle.

Figure 2.3-3 The drop down list to select value attribute



2.3.1.4 Move R line and C line

R line can be moved horizontally by clicking the right mouse button.

C line can be moved horizontally by clicking the left mouse button.

Figure 2.3-4 R line and C line

2.3.1.5 Fine Adjustment of R line and C line

The position of R line and C line can be fine adjusted by the menu or shortcut key. Each fine

adjustment corresponds to 1 sampling point.

1) Menu

Figure 2.3-5 How to move C line

C line can be fine adjusted to left by the menu “ ”,.it can be fine

adjusted to right by the menu “ ”.

R line can not be fine adjusted by these 2 menus.

2) Shortcut key

C line can be fine adjusted to left by the shortcut key “← ”,.it can be fine adjusted to right by the

shortcut key “→ ”.

R line can be fine adjusted to left by the shortcut key “Ctrl”+“← ”,.it can be fine adjusted to right by

the shortcut key “Ctrl”+“→ ”.



2.3.1.6 Display Multiple Waveform

Multiple waveforms can be opened and displayed in multiple windows

Tile and cascade

Figure 2.3-6 Tile display of waveform

Figure 2.3-7 Cascade display of waveform



2.3.2 Waveform Display Operation

2.3.2.1 Restore Default Setup of Channel

Select “View”->“Zoom”->“Restore group”or “Set”->“Restore group”in the menu, and the grouping,

color, line style and line width, etc. of the analog quantities and digital quantities may be restoredto default state.

2.3.2.2 Zoom Function

The zoom function includes:

1) Time axis zoom (Zoom in time axis/Zoom out time axis)

2) Amplitude zoom of all channels

3) Overall zoom of name area (Zoom in name area width/Zoom out name area width)

4) Amplitude zoom of single channel (Zoom in waveform amplitude/Zoom out waveformamplitude)

5) Display area zooming

6) Selected area zoom (Zoom in to selection)

1. Time axis zoom

Three methods are available for the waveform zoom in the time axis:

1) Select the “View”->“Zoom”->“Zoom in time axis”and “Zoom out time axis”in the menu

2) Toolbar button

3) “Shift”+“mouse wheel”

In zoom process, keep the current point always in the display area.

2. Amplitude zoom of all channels

Three methods are available to zoom in/out all the analog quantities vertically:

1) Select the “View”->“Zoom”->“Zoom in the amplitude of all analog quantities”and “Zoom out

the amplitude of all analog quantities”in the menu.

2) Toolbar button

3) “Ctrl”+“mouse wheel”

Only 1 method is available to zoom in/out all the digital quantities vertically:

“Ctrl”+“mouse wheel”.

3. Zoom of name area

Two methods are available to zoom in/out the name area:



1) Select the “View”->“Zoom”->“Zoom in name area width”and “Zoom out name area width”in

the menu as shown in the following figure.

2) Drag the splitter bar with mouse.

Figure 2.3-8 Zoom in/out name area width

4. Amplitude zoom of single analog channel

Two methods are provided to zoom in/out the amplitude of single analog channel:

1) Select an analog channel and click the right mouse button to pop up a menu. Click the

command menu “Zoom in waveform amplitude”to zoom in the analog waveform amplitude,click the command menu “Zoom out waveform amplitude”to zoom out the analog waveform

amplitude.

2) Click the zoom-in button to zoom in the analog waveform amplitude, click the zoom-out

button to zoom out the analog waveform amplitude.

NOTE：In the first method, i.e.: clicking the command menu “Zoom in waveform

amplitude”/“Zoom out waveform amplitude”, both the channel height and the analog



amplitude of the selected analog channel will be zoomed in/out.

In the second method, i.e.: clicking zoom-in button or the zoom-out button ,

only the analog amplitude of the selected analog channel will be zoomed in/out,but the channel height of the selected analog channel will remain unchanged.

Please refer to the following 4 figures to see the difference between these 2 methods.

How to access the command menu “Zoom in waveform amplitude”is shown in the following figure.

The waveform of “Bus1ua”before clicking the command menu “Zoom in waveform amplitude”isalso shown in this figure.

Figure 2.3-9 The waveform of “Bus1ua”before clicking “Zoom in waveform amplitude”

The waveform of “Bus1ua”after clicking the command menu “Zoom in waveform amplitude”isshown in this figure.



Figure 2.3-10 The waveform of “Bus1ua”after clicking “Zoom in waveform amplitude”

The waveform of “Bus1ua”before clicking the zoom-in button is also shown in this figure.

Figure 2.3-11 The waveform of “Bus1ua”before clicking the zoom-in button

The waveform of “Bus1ua”after clicking the zoom-in button is shown in this figure.



Figure 2.3-12 The waveform of “Bus1ua”after clicking the zoom-in button

5. Display areas zoom

In waveform display, several display areas are divided by a split bar, and the size of various areas

may be changed by dragging the split bar (the height of time axis area is fixed and cannot be

changed).

6. Selected area zoom

Click the button “ ”or select the “View”->“Zoom”->“Zoom in to selection”in the menu, anddraw a box with left button within the waveform display area to zoom in the waveform within theselected area as shown in the following figure.



Figure 2.3-13 Zoom in to selection

The zoomed waveform is shown in the follwing figure.

Figure 2.3-14 Result of “Zoom in to selection”

2.3.2.3 Label Function

The label function in waveform includes: insert label, display label and delete label.

1) Insert label



Select the “Set”->“Insert label… ”in the menu to pop up a setup dialog named “Add label”as

shown in the following figure.

Figure 2.3-15 Dialog to insert label

Select the relevant channel name and label content and font. After clicking the “OK”button, a labelwill be added for the channel at the present moment. The font can be set by the “Font”button, and

the effect of selected font may be displayed through “Preview”.

2) Display label

Figure 2.3-16 A label is inserted

The label may be displayed at any position of this area, but the label and the labeled channel

and sampling point of the label will always be connected by a line.



3) Browse, delete and modify label

Select “Set”->“Browse label… ”in the menu to browse the label.

The label may be either deleted or modified directly in the label browser.

Figure 2.3-17 Label browser

2.3.2.4 Group Function

The group function includes: Group analog channel and Group digital channel.

1) Group analog channel

Select “Set”->“Group analog quantity… ”in the menu to pop up a dialog box as shown in thefollowing figure.



Figure 2.3-18 The “Group analog channel”dialog

The default group will be displayed in the dialog box. By default, each group has 1 channel.

Relevant buttons are introduced as below:

: click this button to add the selected channel to current group.

: click this button to add all channels to current group.

: click this button to delete the selected channel from current group.

: click this button to delete the selected channel from current group.

: click this button to restore to the default group

Here is an example to group analog channels as shown in the following figure.



Figure 2.3-19 An example to group analog channels

Click the button “OK”to display the main interface of WaveEv as shown in the following figure.

Figure 2.3-20 Main interface with grouped analog channels

2) Group digital channel



Select “Set”->“Group digital quantity… ”in the menu to pop up a dialog box as shown in the

following figure.

Figure 2.3-21 The “Group digital quantity”dialog

The default group will be displayed in the dialog box. By default, each group has 1 channel.Relevant buttons are introduced as below:

: click this button to add the selected channel to the current group.

: click this button to add all channels to the current group.

: click this button to delete the selected channel from the current group.

: click this button to delete the selected channel from the current group.

: click this button to restore the default group.

Here is an example to group digital channels as shown in the following figure.



Figure 2.3-22 An example to group digital channels

Click the button “OK”to display the main interface of WaveEv as shown in the following figure.

Figure 2.3-23 Main interface with grouped digital channels



2.3.2.5 Show/Hide Digital Channel

Two functions are provided: Show/Hide changed digital quantities and Show/Hide all digitalquantities.

1) Show/Hide changed digital quantities

Click the button in the toolbar to press down this button to show the change digital quantities.

This button will pop up if it is clicked again, and now the change digital quantities will be hidden.

2) Show/Hide all digital quantities

Click the button in the toolbar to press down this button to show all the digital quantities.

This button will pop up if it is clicked again, and now all the digital quantities will be hidden.

NOTE：When WaveEv is opened, the initial state of these 2 buttons( and ) are

determined by the final states of them when WaveEv was opened last time.

Figure 2.3-24 Show/Hide changed digital quantities

2.3.2.6 Copy Interface

Several methods are provided to copy interface:

Selective copy (By clicking the menu “Copy selection to clipboard”)



Area copy (By clicking the menu “Copy area to clipboard… ”)

Analog channel copy (By clicking the menu “Copy waveform to clipboard… ”)

Digital channel copy (By clicking the menu “Copy waveform to clipboard… ”)

Total waveforms copy (By clicking the menu “Copy waveform to clipboard… ) ”

The copy result is saved in the clipboard in the form of bitmap.

1) Selective copy

Select “Edit”->“Copy selection to clipboard”in the menu to select an area by dragging the mouse

and copy the picture within the selected area as shown in the following figure.

Figure 2.3-25 Copy selected area to clipboard

The visual effect of the copied file is shown in the following figure:



Figure 2.3-26 The visual effect of the copied file by clicking “Copy selection to clipboard”

2) Area copy

Select “Edit”->“Copy area to clipboard… ”in the menu to copy the waveforms of all channels

between R line and C line.

Click the menu “Copy area to clipboard… ”to pop up a dialog box named as “Waveform copy

option”as shown in the following figure.

Figure 2.3-27 Copy area to clipboard



Area copy is applied to copy the waveforms of all channels between R line and C line as shown in

the following figure.

Figure 2.3-28 An example to show R line and C line

The visual effect of the copied file is shown in the following figure:

Figure 2.3-29 The visual effect of the copied file by clicking “Copy area to clipboard”

3) Total waveforms copy

Select “Edit”->“Copy waveform to clipboard… ”in the menu to copy the waveforms of all channels.

Click the menu “Copy waveform to clipboard… ”to pop up a dialog box named as “Waveform copy

option”will pop up as shown in the following figure.

In the folliwng figure, if “Time axis”is selected, the time axis will be included in the clipboard.

if “Channel name”is selected, the channel name will be included in the clipboard.

if “Analog quantity”is selected, the analog channels will be included in the clipboard.

if “Digital quantity”is selected, the digital channels will be included in the clipboard.



Figure 2.3-30 Copy waveform to clipboard

Use the method in the above 1)~3) steps, some waveforms have been copied to the clipboard,

Now we can start to save the copied waveforms to a file.

Select the “Edit”->“Copy to file… ”in the menu to pop up a dialog box named as “Save waveform

as image”. Fill in the file name to be saved and select the file format. The file formats of *.bmp,

*.jpg and *.png are available.

Click “OK”to save the file.

NOTE：*.jpg and *.png are recommened. If you choose “*.bmp”to save the file, the size of

the file will be too big.



Figure 2.3-31 How to save waveform as an image file

2.3.2.7 Print Waveform

The print function provides convenience to print waveform. Click “File”->“Print… ”or the toolbar

button to pop up a dialog box named as “Print setup”as shown in the following figure:



Figure 2.3-32 Dialog for print setup

The description about the information in the above dialog box is introduced as below:

1) Channel selection area

Unselected channels: List of unselected channels.

The unselected waveform channels, including unselected analog channeland digital channel.

Double-click any channel in the unselected channel list, and this channel

will be added to the “Selected channels”list.

Selected channels: List of selected channels.

The selected channels, including selected analog channel and digital channel.

Double-click any channel in the selected channel list, and this channel will beadded to the “Unselected channels”list.

“Select all”button: select all channels.

“Cancel all”button: cancel all selected channels.

2) Setup

Color mode: the color of printed waveform is the same as that of the displayed waveform if thisparameter is selected; the color of printed waveform is set as black if it is

unselected.



Print area: the waveform between R line and C line will be printed if this parameter is selected; all

the waveforms will be printed if it is unselected.

Zoom according to time axis: the zoom scale is the same as the time axis displayed waveform if

this parameter is selected; to be zoomed according to the scaleset in the following “Time zoom”if it is unselected.

Print page No.: the page number will be printed if this parameter is selected; no page number willbe printed if it is unselected.

Print date: the current date will be printed if this parameter is selected; no current date will beprinted if it is unselected.

Print changed digital quantities: only the changed digital quantities will be printed if thisparameter is selected; all the digital quantities will be printed

if it is unselected.

Print current line: C line will be printed if this parameter is selected, and the time axis is marked

with a letter “C”near C line;

C line will not be printed if it is unselected.

Print reference line: R line will be printed if this parameter is selected, and the time axis ismarked with a letter “R”near R line;

R line will not be printed if it is unselected.

Print trigger line: T line will be printed if this parameter is selected, and the time axis is marked

with a letter “T”near T line;

T line will not be printed if it is unselected.

Print current value: the data value of C line will be printed if this parameter is selected; no datavalue of C linewill be printed if it is unselected.

Print reference value: the data value of R line will be printed if this parameter is selected; no datavalue of R line will be printed if it is unselected.

Print channel name only on page 1: the channel name will be only printed in the first page if thisparameter is selected; the channel name will be printed in

each page if it is unselected.

3) Channel height Setup

Fixed height for analog quantities : The height of analog quantities will be fixed to “Height foranalog quantities”.

Fixed height for digital quantities: The height of digital quantities will be fixed to “Height fordigital quantities”.

4) Page header/footer: set the content of page header/footer of the printed page.

Page header: set the content of page header of the printed page.



Page footer: set the content of page footer of the printed page.

5) Time zoom: zoom the time axis according to corresponding proportion.

Line width: set line width of the printed waveform.

When the parameters have been configured succesfully, please click the “Preview”button to pop

up a new page as shown in the following figure:

Figure 2.3-33 Print preview

The buttons on the toolbar is introduced as below:

Print: click “Print”to pop up a dialog box for printing, the printer can be set here.

Print setup: click this menu to pop up a dialog as shown in Figure 2.3-32.

Page setup: set the paper size, orientation for printing (portrait or landscape) and margins, etc.

Zoom in: zoom in the page.

Zoom out: zoom out the page.

<<: switch to previous page.

>>: switch to next page.

Fit to width: make the page display adapt to the maximum visiable width.

Fit to height: make the page display adapt to the maximum visiable height.



2.4 Waveform Analysis

Various analyses on waveforms can give benefit to fault analysis, which is the final purpose of

waveform analysis. WaveEv provides various functions such as fault location, fault line selection,harmonic analysis, power analysis, impedance analysis and sequence component analysis. New

waveform analysis function can be developed by adding new analysis module.

2.4.1 Fault Location

The fault location function includes single-end fault location and double-end fault location.

NOTE：This function is inapplicable for the files of DFR of generator-transformer unit.

1. Single-end fault location

Select “Analysis”->“Fault location… ”to display the parameter setup interface for fault location,which is the interface of single-end fault location as shown in the following figure.

Figure 2.4-1 Parameter setup for single-end fault location

After selecting the line name in “ ”, select the

voltage and current channels in the setup area of “Local side”. If a current phase-shift angle exists,

mark “√”in the “ ”of “Shift angle of current”, and input the value of phase angle in the input boxf



“ ”. Input correct line parameters in the

“ ”.

1) Positive sequence resistance (R1). Unit: ohm.

2) Zero sequence resistance (R0). Unit: ohm.

3) Positive-sequence reactance (X1). Unit: ohm.

4) Zero sequence reactance (X0). Unit: ohm.

5) Line length. Unit: km.

6) Positive sequence capacitance (C1) . Unit: μF.

Where:

C1, X1, X0, R1 and R0 adopt primary values.

Set the parameters in the above figure and click the “OK”button to pop up a dialog to showanalysis results of single-end fault location as shown in the following figure:

Figure 2.4-2 Analysis results of single-end fault location

The fault analysis results include:

1) Fault location type: single-end fault location.

2) Data file: data file name with full path.

3) Line length : total line length.

4) Fault distance: distance between the fault point and the measuring point on local side.

5) Fault phase: fault phases of the line.



6) Start time of fault: the start time of the fault (accurate to the millisecond level).

7) Duration of fault: duration between fault occurrence and the time when the fault was cleared.

There is a graphical area below the text information, where the position of the fault point in thewhole line is displayed, thus the general position of the fault can be seen clearly.

2. Double-end fault location

Mark “√”in the “ ”of “Double-end fault location”, and now the dialoag will change as shown inthe following figure.

Parameters onlocal side

Parameters onopposite side

CommonParameters forlocal side andopposite side

Figure 2.4-3 Parameter setup for double-end fault location

Set the parameters in the above figure and click the “OK”button to pop up a dialog to show

analysis results of double-end fault location as shown in the following figure:



Figure 2.4-4 Analysis results of double-end fault location

The fault analysis results include:

1) Fault location type: double-end fault location.

2) Data file of local side: data file name of local side with full path.

3) Data file of opposite side: data file name of opposite side with full path.

4) Line length: total line length.

5) Fault distance: distance between the fault point and the measuring point on local side.

6) Fault phase: fault phases of the line.

7) Start time of fault: the start time of the fault (accurate to the millisecond level).

8) Duration of fault: duration between fault occurrence and the time when the fault was cleared.

There is a graphical area below the text information, where the position of the fault point in the

whole line is displayed, thus the general position of the fault can be seen clearly.

2.4.2 Harmonic Analysis

Select “Analysis”->“Harmonic analysis… ”to pop up a dialog with harmonic information as shown

in the following figure.



Figure 2.4-5 Harmonic analysis

: To save current graph into a .pdf file.

: To print current graph.

NOTE：The list data of the harmonic will change according to the position of C line, and

the data in the bar chart is the harmonic information of current channel selected in the list.

The selected channel will be displayed in bold type, in the above figure,

is the selected channel.

2.4.3 Power Calculation

Select “Analysis”->“Power analysis… ”to pop up a dialog for power calculation as shown in thefollowing figure.



Figure 2.4-6 Parameter setup of power calculation

1) Select the analysis type: Single-phase power or Three-phase power.

2) Select line.

3) Select current/voltage channel.

After clicking the “OK”button to generate new waveforms.

The power analysis results inculde:

P(active power), Q (reactive power) , S (apparent power) and Cos( power factor).

Figure 2.4-7 Power analysis results



2.4.4 Sequence Component Analysis

Select “Analysis”->“Sequence analysis… ”to pop up a dialog for sequence component analysis asshown in the following figure.

Figure 2.4-8 Parameter setup of vector calculation

The analysis result is a new waveforms which includes:

positive sequence components(I1 or U1), negative sequence components(I2 or U2),

zero-sequence components(I0 or U0).

The vector diagram of each sequence can be observed by the sequence component diagram.



Figure 2.4-9 Vector analysis results

2.4.5 Impedance Analysis

Impedence analysis and calculation is applied to analyze and calculate the selected three-phasevoltage/current.

Both single-phase impedence value and phase-to-phase impedence value can be calculated, andthe impedance trajectory diagram is available.

Click “Analysis”->“Impedence analysis… ”to pop up a dialog for impedence analysis as shown inthe following figure.

Figure 2.4-10 Parameter setup of impedence calculation

Select line, voltage channels, current channels, and then click the “OK”button to access theanalysis result interface as shown in the following figure.



Figure 2.4-11 Impedence calculation results (Trajectory is not shown)

The buttons and drop-down boxes in the small toolbar of impedance analysis diagram from left to

right are introduced as below:

: display the impedance trajectory diagram in a scale of 1:1

: zoom in the impedance trajectory diagram. This function is the same as that of mouse wheel

scrolled downwards.

: zoom out the impedance trajectory diagram. This function is the same as that of mouse

wheel scrolled upwards.

: To print current graph.

: To save current graph into a .pdf file.



: select the analysis type: Single-phase impedance or

Phase-to-phase impedance.

1) If Single-phase impedance is selected, Za, Zb and Zc respectively indicate the

single-phase impedance of phase A, B and C.

Z indicates the impedance.

2) If Phase-to-phase impedance is selected, Zab, Zbc and Zca respectively indicate thephase-to-phase impedance of phase AB, BC and CA.

Z still indicates the impedance.

: display the trajectory or not.

(push down: display the trajectory and the vector;

release: only display the vector.)

The impedance trajectory of a phase can be displayed or hidden by clicking the checkbox in thelist of “Phase”.

Click the “Show trajectory”button, and then the impedance trajectory of sampling points from R

line to C line will be drawn in the display area of impedance diagram as shown in the followingfigure:



Figure 2.4-12 Impedence calculation results (Trajectory is shown in default sacle)

Zoom out the impedance trajectory diagram by clicking or scroll the mouse wheel

downwards as shown in the following figure.



Figure 2.4-13 Impedence calculation results (Trajectory is zoomed out)

2.4.6 Formula Editor

The Formula Editor provides several simple computing methods for channels, including: add,

subtract, multiply and divide. Click the menu “Analysis”->“Formula editor… ”to pop up a dialognamed as Formula Editor as shown in the following figure.



Figure 2.4-14 Formula Editor

Input the following formulas in the Formula Editor:

ia = "5.Line1_ia"

ib = "6.Line1_ib"

ic = "7.Line1_ic"

i0 = "8.Line1_3i0"

i01 = "5.Line1_ia" + "6.Line1_ib" + "7.Line1_ic"

The left of “=”are the name of the generated formulas, i.e.: the name of the new channels;

The right of “=”are the expressions. In the Formula Editor, the channels are used as specialvariables, thus the name of the channels are the name of the variables.

NOTE： Double quotation marks (“”) must be added to the name of the channels to

enable it to be used as the variables of the channels.

1. Operators

“+”: (addition), which may perform the operation of adding channels of the same type, i,e.: add upthe vectors of the channels.



“-“: (subtract), which may perform the operation of subtracting channels of the same type, i,e.:

subtract the vectors of the channels.

“×”: (multiply), which may perform the operation of multiplying channels of various types (mainly

voltage and current channels); in which the power channel will be generated by multiplying thevoltage channel with the current channel.

“÷”: (divide), which may perform the operation of dividing channels of various types (mainly voltageand current channels); in which the impedance channel will be generated by dividing the voltage

channel by the current channel.

2. Operating button

Save formula : to save the established formulas as the files of the .set format for future use.

Load formula: to load the saved formula to the current formula editing area.

Verify formula: to verify whether the inputted formula is correct or not.

Calculate: to perform calculation by using the established formulas.

For the above formulas, ia, ib, ic and i0 are the phase A/B/C and zero-sequence channels of the

original current; while i01 is the new channel generated by adding the three-phase current,（i.e.:

calculated zero-sequence channel）.

The generated waveforms is shown in the following figure.

Figure 2.4-15 Waveform of the current i01 calculated by Formula Editor



2.4.7 Spectral Analysis

Spectral analysis is applied to carry on fast Fourier transform (FFT) to selected channel, and theresult will be given by the means of curve graph after being calculated. Select

“Analysis”->“Spectral analysis… ”to to pop up a dialog as shown in the following figure.

Figure 2.4-16 Spectral analysis results

The detailed description about the interface are:

Toolbar

: Horizontal zoom in

: Horizontal zoom out

: Zoom in the amplitude

: Zoom out the amplitude

: Zoom to 100%



: Hide/Show grid

: To print current graph

: To save current graph into a .pdf file

: Parameter setup

NOTE：For “Horizontal zoom in/out”, its shortcut is “mouse wheel”(upward: zoom in;

downward : zoom out), and for “Zoom in/out the amplitude”, its shortcut is “Ctrl”+“mouse

wheel”(upward: zoom in; downward: zoom out).

Click the button “Setup”to display the dialog box of parameter setup for spectral analysis asshown in the following figure.

Figure 2.4-17 Parameter setup of spectral analysis

Where:

Show frequency range: set the frequency range of the displayed curve in the interface ofspectral analysis, the range of above figure is set as 0~100Hz. The frequency range limit is

0≤f<0.5fs: (fs is the sampling frequency of current points).

Data window length: set the amount of calculated data, and its unit is “s”(second). The

value on the right of “N:”is the calcuted point number within the data window.

Amplitude coefficient （a）: set the coefficient of the amplitude.

Total point number (M): set the total point number used by the calculation with FFT, and it isthe integer power of 2 and is greater than N.

Default coefficient (2/N): restore default amplitude coefficient.

2.4.8 Digital Event Information

As shown in thefollowing figure, the digital channels with changed digital quantities will be openedwhen a waveform file is opened.



Figure 2.4-18 The digital channels with changed digital quantities

NOTE：The relative time of state change is compared to the time of fault points.

1) Sort function

Click the name of a row for sort ascending/descending according to the name.

2) : To save current graph into a .pdf file.

3) : To print current graph.

4) Locate the point of status change of a channel

Click an event of a channel to locate the C line to the time when the status change of this event

occurs. The digital event information diagram before clicking “Event 4”of “NormalBin000”isshown in the following figure.



Figure 2.4-19 The digital event information diagram before clicking “Event 4”of “NormalBin000”

The digital event information diagram after clicking “Event 4”of “NormalBin000”is shown in the

following figure, C line has been adjusted compared to the above figure.



Figure 2.4-20 The digital event information diagram after clicking “Event 4”of “NormalBin000”

2.4.9 Fault Report

The fault report provides the fault information based on single-end fault location. Select

“View”->“Fault report”to pop up a dialog named as “Fault report”as shown in the following figure.



Figure 2.4-21 Fault report

If any error exists in the parameter configuration, a dialog as shown in the following figure will popup to indicate that the fault report can not be generated.

Figure 2.4-22 Dialog to prompt error parameter configuration

Click the button “Parameter setup”to pop up a dialog named as ”Parameter setup of faultreport”to set corresponding parameters as shown in the following figure.



Figure 2.4-23 Parameter setup of fault report

If there is no line to be selected, all the current/voltage channels will be displayed.

Set corresponding parameters and then click the button “OK”, the selected channels will beanalyzed and calculated, and the result will be displayed in the dialog named as “Fault report”.

2.4.10 View .CFG file information

Select “View”->“View .CFG file information”as shown in the following figure.

Figure 2.4-24 How to view .CFG file

Click this menu to pop up a dialog to display the .CFG file information of the waveform as shown in

the following figure.



Figure 2.4-25 .CFG file information

2.5 Display Analysis Data

The corresponding relationship between waveform analysis data and data display mode is shownin the following table.

Table 2.5-1

No. Data display mode Waveform data Description

1 Bar chart Harmonic analysisAmplitude, harmonic

order

2 Polar coordinatesVector diagram of waveforms of

any analog values

3 Impedance graph Impedance analysis

4 Spectral graph Spectral analysis



2.5.1 Bar Chart

Bar chart is used to display the harmonic information at a time.

Select “Analysis”->“Harmonic analysis”to pop up the bar chart of harmonic information as shown

in the following figure.

Figure 2.5-1 Bar chart

2.5.2 Vector Graph

Display amplitudes and phases of each analog channel at each sampling instant .

Select “Analysis”->“Waveform vector analysis” to pop up the vector graph as shown in the

following figure.



Figure 2.5-2 How to access waveform vector analysis

Figure 2.5-3 Waveform vector analysis

NOTE ： After clicking the right mouse button on the list, the right click menu

“Select/Cancel all channels” will appear as shown in the following figure. Click“Select/Cancel all channels”to cancel all the selected channels. Click this button again

can select all the channels again.



Figure 2.5-4 Select all channels

In the above figure:Print: To print waveform vector analysis results of the selected channels.

Save: To save waveform vector analysis results of the selected channels into a .pdf file.

You can select or cancel a specific channel by clicking the check box before the channel name as

shown in the following figure.

Figure 2.5-5 Select some channels

2.5.3 Sequence Component Graph

Sequence component graph is used to display the amplitudes and phases of each sequencecomponent in the waveform during sequence component analysis.

Figure 2.5-6 Sequence component graph



2.5.4 Impedance Trajectory Graph

The trajectory graph of impedance is used to display the impedance value of the selected channelafter analysis and calculation. The trajectory curve between R line and C line can be displayed.

Figure 2.5-7 Impedance trajectory graph

2.5.5 Spectral Analysis Graph

Spectral analysis graph is used to display the spectral distribution of the selected channel after

analysis and calculation by using FFT. The calculated result will be displayed in the format of

curve.



Figure 2.5-8 Spectral analysis graph

2.6 Channel Ratio Setup

Select “Set”->“Channel ratio setup”as shown in the following figure. This menu is applied to setthe primary/secondary rated values.

Figure 2.6-1 How to access the dialog to configure WaveEv

Click this menu to pop up a dialog as shown in the following figure.



Figure 2.6-2 Channel ratio setup

When the primary/secondary rated values have been configured successfully, click “OK”to enablethem, and then the data in the waveform display interface will be refreshed according to the

primary/secondary rated values which have just been configured.

2.7 Configure WaveEv

Select “Set”->“Configure WaveEv… ”as shown in the following figure. This menu is applied to set

some parameters related to waveform display, including ”Line setup”, ”Analysis option”, ”Date

option”and “Waveform display setup”.

Figure 2.7-1 How to access the dialog to configure WaveEv

Click this menu to pop up a dialog as shown in the following figure.



Figure 2.7-2 Dialog to configure WaveEv

2.7.1 Line Setup

It is used to determined whether R line or the T line are displayed.

2.7.2 Analysis Option

1) Unfold low frequency sampling

The function to unfold low-frequency sampling waveform is applied to widen the low-frequencysampling section of 50Hz to a higher frequency. During the process to widen a low-frequency

sampling section, the beginning point is the 1st sampling point of the low-frequency sampling

section (suppose the phase angle of the beginning point is Angle A), the ending point is the 1stsampling point of sampling section after this low-frequency sampling section (suppose the phase

angle of the ending point is Angle B).

Theoretically, Angle A and Angle B should be the same, but in application, these 2 angles will

differ from each other due to frequency fluctuation. The method currently adopted to solve thisproblem is to distribute this angle difference to every cycle in the low-frequency section averagely.



NOTE：The function is disabled by default in WaveEv.

2) Calculate basic data

This parmeter is applied to determine whether to calculate the fundamental wave for the

waveforms of all channels when opening a waveform file.

2.7.3 Date Option

Set the format of running time and fault time when reading the waveform file in the format of

*.CFG.

2.7.4 Waveform Display Setup

Parameters description of “Waveform display setup”are shown in the following table.

Table 2.7-1 Parameters description of “Waveform display setup”

Parameter Description

Selected

Show all digital status change

events when opening a

waveform file.Show all digital statuschange events

Not selectedDigital status change events willnot be shown when opening a

waveform file.

SelectedThe value of C line will bedisplayed in the name area of

analog channel.Show current value

Not selected

The value of C line will not be

displayed in the name area ofanalog channel.

Selected

The value of R line will be


Show reference value

Not selected

The value of R line will not be


Selected

The value of R line is left to value

of C line in the name area of

analog channel.Value of R line is left toValue of C line

Not selectedThe value of C line is left to valueof R line in the name area of

analog channel.

Display channel name

leftmost Selected The channel names will bedisplayed in the left of the values



in the name area of analog

channel.

Not selected

The values will be displayed in

the right of the channel names inthe name area of analog

channel.

Selected

The file name and entire path

name will be displayed in therecent file list.

The paths are included

in recent file list

Not selected

The path name will not beincluded in the recent file list.

Only the file name will bedisplayed in recent file list.

SelectedThe channels of the same type

adopt the same maximum value.

Use uniform max value

Not selected

Each channel adopt the

maximum value by the demandsof itself.

Show envelope curve and

vertical line

When the low frequency analog

data is displayed, both envelope

curves and vertical lines will beshown.

Show envelope curve


data is displayed, only theenvelope curves will be shown.

The vertical lines will not be

shown.

Show vertical line

When the low frequency analogdata is displayed, only the

vertical lines will be shown. The

envelope curves will not beshown.

Low frequency displaysetup

Normal display


data is displayed, only the normal

display method will be adopted,i.e.: both envelope curves and

vertical lines will not be shown.

NOTE：If both “Display channel name leftmost”and “Value of R line is left to Value of

C line”is selected, the sequence in the name area of analog channel is (from left to right):

Analog channel name--Value of R line--Value of C line.

If both “Display channel name leftmost”and “Value of R line is left to Value of C line”



is not selected, the sequence in the name area of analog channel is (from left to right):

Value of C line--Value of R line--Analog channel name.

If “Display channel name leftmost”is selected and “Value of R line is left to Value of

C line”is not selected, the sequence in the name area of analog channel is (from left toright): Analog channel name--Value of C line--Value of R line.

If “Display channel name leftmost”is not selected and “Value of R line is left to Valueof C line”is selected, the sequence in the name area of analog channel is (from left to

right): Value of R line--Value of C line--Analog channel name.

2.7.5 Default Setup

Click the button “Default setup”to set all the parameters in the dialog “Configure WaveEv… ”to

default values.

Chapter 3 Manual Release History


Chapter 3 Manual Release History

In the current version of the instruction manual, several descriptions on existing features have

been modified.

Manual version and modification history records

Manual Version

Source New

Software

VersionDate Description of change

1.00 R1.22 2010-05-07 Form the original manual.

1.00 1.01 R1.34 2010-09-25 Update Chapter 2.

waveev fault waveform analysis software_instruction...

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