water scarcity desertification. what problems do the plants face here?
TRANSCRIPT
WATER SCARCITY
DESERTIFICATION
WHAT PROBLEMS DO THE PLANTS FACE HERE?
WHAT IS DESERTIFICATION IN IRELAND WE DO NOT SUFFER FROM A
LACK OF WATERHOWEVER OTHER PLACES IN THE WORLD
DO…..THIS LACK OF WATER IS CALLED
DROUGHTTHE DESERTS OF THE WORLD ARE GETTING
BIGGERTHIS SPREADING OF THE DESERTS IS
CALLED…..DERSERTIFICATION
DROUGHTSHAPPEN WHENTHERE IS NO WATER FOR PALNTS TO GROW
CAUESESA LOT OF VERY BAD DROUGHTS
HAVE HELPED CAUSE DESRTIFICATION
THESE DROUGHTS HAVE HAPPENED ON THE EDGE OF THE SAHARA DESERT IN AFRICA IN A PLACE CALLED THE SAHEL
THE SOIL DRIES UP BECAUSE THERE IS NO RAIN AND THEN PLANTS DIE
THE WIND THEN BLOWS THE SOIL AWAY
THE SAHEL AREA OF AFRICA IS TURNINGTO DESERT ONE COUNTRY THAT SUFFERS FROM THIS IS MALI EGYPT
DROUGHT IN ETHIOPIA
HOW TREES HELP KEEP SOIL IN PLACE
THE ROOTS OF THE TREES KEEP THE SOIL IN PLACE
THE BRANCHES ANDLEAVES ON THE TREES KEEP THE SUN’S HEAT OFF THE SOIL
PEOPLE HELP CAUSE DERSTIFICATIONTHE POPULATION OF THESE PARTS OF
AFRICA ARE GETTING BIGGER BECAUSE OF BETTER MEDICINES ETC.
THESE PEOPLE LIVING IN THE SAHEL NEED TO BE FED
THEY HAVE NO ELECTRICITY SO THEY CUT DOWN THE TREES FOR FIREWOOD
THAT MEANS THERE ARE NO ROOTS TO KEEP THE SOIL IN PLACE OR TO STOP THE SOIL FROM DRYING UPFROM THE SUN
BECAUSE THERE ARE NO TREES OR PLANTSTHE LAND IS TURNING INTO DESERT LANDWHAT WILL HAPPEN TO THE REST OF THE LANDIN TIME?
ANIMALSTHE SOIL GETS DRIED UP AND BLOWN AWAY
BECAUSE PEOPLE KEEP CUTTING DOWN TREES
THE SAME HAPPENS WHEN TOO MANY ANIAMLS GRAZE ON THE LAND
THEY EAT WHAT LITTLE GRASS THERE IS AND SO NO GRASS GROWS BACK…..
THE PROBLEM IS THAT THIS IS THE ONLY WAY FOR THE FARMERS TO MAKE A LIVING
THIS PROBLEM IS CALLED OVERGRAZING
OVERGRAZING IN THE SHAEL
THE BEST LAND IS OWNED BY THE RICH FARMERS
THEY GROW CROPS THAT THEY SELL TO OTHER COUNTRIES
THESE CROPS ARE CALLED CASH CROPS (BECAUSES THEY ARE SOLD FOR MONEY)
THAT MEANS THE PEOPLE OF THE SAHEL ARE PUSHED ON TO THE LAND THAT IS NO GOOD FOR FARMING
THIS ALL HEPLS THE DESERT S GET BIGGER
CASH CROPS IN AFRICA
TREES ARE CUT DOWN FOR FIREWOOD THERE IS NOTHING TO PROTECT THE SOILFROM THE SUN
RESULTS OF DERSERTIFICATION
FAMINE: AS THE DESERTS GET BIGGER PLANTS, ANIMALS AND PEOPLE DIE
PEOLE HAVE NO FOOD AND THEN DISEASE SPREADS
THIS HAS HAPPENED IN ETHIOPIA SUDAN AND SOMALIA IN THE PAST 20 YEARS
FAMINE IN SOMALIA
FAMINE IN ETHIOPIA
MILLIONS OF ACRES OF LAND IS NOW USELESS
PEOPLE HAVE BEEN FORCED TO LEAVE THEIR HOMES AND MIGRATE TO OTHER PALCES TO START A NEW LIFE
MANY OF THE PEOPLE END UP IN REFUGEE CAMPS BECAUSE THE COUNTRIES THEY ARE MOVING TO CAN NOT COPE
REFUGEE CAMPS
WE CAN SEE FROM THIS BAR GRAPH THAT OVERGRAZING IS A BIG PROBLEM IN AFRICA AND ALSO ASIACAN YOU GIVE 1 REASON FOR THIS?
SANDSTORM
SOLUTIONS TO DESERTIFICATION
FARMERS COULD RE-PLANT TREES AND SHRUBS TO MAKE A SHELTER BELT
THIS WOULD PROTECT THE SOIL FROM THE SUN AND HELP STOP IT FROM BEING BLOWN AWAY
THEY COULD ALSO STOP OVERGRAZING OF THE LAND BY ANIMALS (NOT KEEP AS MANY)
WHAT ARE THE WOMEN IN THIS PICTURE DOING?
THE WOMEN ARE PLANTING TREES TO MAKE A SHELTER BELTTHIS IS TO PROTECTTHE SOIL FROM THE SUN
SHELTER BELTS IN AFRICA
FARMERS MUST STOP FARMING IN THE OLD WAYS
THEY MUST LEARN NEW WAYS THAT WILL HELP BRING THE SOIL BACK TO LIFE
ONE OF THE WAYS THEY COULD DO THIS IS BY IRRIGATION
NEW FARMING IN THE SHAEL
WHAT IS IRRIGATIONTHIS IS ARTIFICIALY WATERING THE
LANDBY HOSES, PIPES , SPRINKLER ETCTHIS WOULD HELP KEEP THE LAND
WET AND STOP IT FROM DRYING OUTTHIS WOULD ALSO HELP CROPS
GROW AND STOP DESERTIFICATION FROM HAPPENING
IRRIGATION
CASE STUDY:THE NILE VALLEY PROJECT, EGYPT
THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS WERE FARMERS THEY DEPENDED ON THE NILE RIVER TO
FLOOD ONCE A YEAR FOR THEIR CROPS TO GROW
THE RIVER WOULD DROP FERTILE MUD ON THE FIELDS AND ASLO WATER THE LAND
THEY ALSO USED A SHADUF TO GET WATER FROM THE NILE RIVER ON TO THE FIELDS
THE RIVER NILE IN EGYPT
TOWNS INANCIENTEGYPTWERE BUILTBESIDE THERIVER NILE
FARMERS HAD THEIR FARMS ON THE BANKS OF THE NILE……WHY DO YOU THINK THEY DID THIS?
THIS IS THE NILE DELTA?WHAT IS A DELTA?
THE NILE FLOWED INTOTHE MEDITERRANENANSEACAN YOU SEE THE SAHARA DESERT ON SATELLITE PICTURE?
THIS DAM IS CALLED THE ASWAN HIGH DAM
IT IS PART OF THE EGYPTIAN GOVERNMENTS PLAN TO MAKE SURE THAT THERE IS ENOUGH WATER FOR EVERYBODY ALL YEAR ROUND
TODAY THEY BUILT A DAM ACROSS THE NILE TO CONTROL THE RIVER
THE ASWAN HIGH DAM……LOOK AT THE PICTUREWHAT WAS A DAM?
REASONS FOR THE PROJECT
TO CONTROL THE FLOODING THAT HAPPENS IN EARLY SPRING
(THIS IS BECAUSE THE SNOW MELTS HIGH IN THE MOUNTAINS AND ENDS UP IN THE NILE RIVER)
THE DAM CAN ALSO MAKE HYDRO-ELECTRICITY FOR ALL THE PEOPLE OF EGYPT
THE DAM ON THE NILE: THE WATER BEING LET OUT
THE WATER IN THE RIVER NILE WILL BE STORED BEHIND THE DAM WALL
THIS WILL BE A RESERVOIR (A PLACE TO STORE WATER UNTIL IT IS NEEDED)
THE WATER IN THE RESEVOIR CAN BE LET OUT WHEN EVER IT IS NEEDED. THIS WOULD HELP THE FARMERS GROW MORE FOOD FOR THE PEOPLE
THIS IS HOWTHEY BUILT THEASWAN HIGH DAMCAN YOU TELL HOWDEEP THE RESERVOIR WAS ?
COMPLETING THE PROJECT
THE ASWAN HIGH DAM WAS BUILT ACROSS THE NILE
AN ARTIFICIAL LAKE WAS MADE BEHIND THE DAM WALL
THIS LAKE WAS CALLED LAKE NASSERA HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER STATION WAS
BUILT IN THE DAM WALL (BIG WHEELS PUT IN AND WHEN THAT
WATER PASSES THROUGH THEM THEY TURN AND MAKE ELECTRICTY
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGESOF THE DAM
BUILDING A DAM LIKE THIS CAN STOP A RIVER FROM FLOWING
THIS CAN HELP SOLVE PROBLEMS FOR PEOPLE
HOWEVER IT CAN ALSO CAUSE PROBLEMS……CAN YOU DESCRIBE SOME OF THESE?
LAKE NASSER
ASWANHIGH DAM
THE RIVERNILE
ADVANTAGES
THE FARMERS HAVE MORE WATER FOR THEIR CROPS TO GROW
THEY ALSO HAVE WATER ALL YEAR ROUND
MORE FOOD CAN BE GROWNNOW FARMERS CAN GROW 3 CROPS A
YEAR INSTEAD OF ONLY 1 IN ANCIENT TIMES
CROPS ARE GROWN UP TO 3 TIMES A YEARNOW BY FARMERS ALONG THE NILE
NOW LARGE AMOUNT OF HYDRO-ELECTRICITY IS MADE
THIS IS GOOD FOR HOMES AND FOR INDUSTRY IN EGYPT
LOOKING DOWNSTREAM FROM THE ASWAN DAM
DISADVANTAGES OF THE DAM
TO BUILD THE DAM FARMERS HAD TO MOVE
THIS WAS BECAUSE THE LAND WOULD BE FLOODED BEHIND THE DAM WALL
THIS LAND WAS FERTILE LAND (GOOD FOR GROWING CROPS) AND NOW IT IS UNDER WATER
FERTILE LAND WAS NOW FLOODED
CAN YOU SPOTWHAT THE RESERVOIR CANBE USED FOR?
THE RIVER NOW DROPS ALL THE FERTILE MUD ON THE BOTTOM OF THE RESERVOIR
THIS MEANS FARMS ALONG THE NILE NO LONGER GET THIS FERTILE MUD TO HELP THEIR CROPS GROW
THIS ALSO MEANS THAT THE NILE DELTA IS GETTING SMALLER
VERY FEW NUTRIENTS FOR FISH ARE CARRIED DOWNSTREAM
THIS MEANS THERE IS NOW LESS FISH IN THE RIVER NILE
FISHERMEN ALONG THE NILE ARE NOT CATCHING MUCH FISH AS ARESULT