water resources management: water conservation methods. alexious rolle dept. of statistics...
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Water Resources Management:Water Conservation Methods.
Alexious Rolle Dept. of Statistics Environmental StatisticsWater Resources
Water Resource Challenges:The Commonwealth of the Bahamas
All freshwater is in the form of groundwater.
Only three islands with significant water resources.
Some small islands have no freshwater.
Uneven and seasonal distribution of rainfall (North & North Central Rainfall: 50-60 in/yr (1,270-1,524 mm/yr), South Rainfall: 36 in/yr (914 mm/yr); Pronounced Wet Season: May to October).
Most communities located away from resources.
Need for high cost alternatives (Reverse Osmosis).
Vulnerability of water resources; 90% of thefreshwater lenses within 5-ft (1.5-m) of the surface.
Rainfall for The Bahamas
What is different about the Water Resources in The Bahamas?
Hydrogeology Freshwater
Lenses with Unique
Characteristics. Unique Geology.
RAIN
SEASEA
WATER
AERATED ROCK
HIGHLY SALINE WATER
Diagram of a Freshwater Lens in an Oceanic Island(Like The Bahamas)
BRACKISH
FRESHWATER LENS INSATURATED ROCK
LOSSES TOEVAPOTRANSPIRATION
RUN OFFTO THE SEA
Water Resources of The Bahamas
The groundwater resources of the Commonwealth comprise the fresh, brackish, saline and hypersaline waters found in the near and deep subsurface and in the lakes and ponds that intercept the surface. The freshwater resources occur as three-dimensional lens-shaped bodies, which overlie brackish and saline waters at depth.
Table: Freshwater Resources
Bahamas National Accounts Statistics
GROSS VALUE ADDED BY INDUSTRIAL ORIGIN
WATER INDUSTRY
(B$ thousands)
OUTPUT INTERMEDIATE GROSS NET GROSSDEPRECIATIO
N NET WAGES NET
INDUSTRY CONSUMPTION VALUE ADDED
INDIRECT VALUE ADDED VALUE AND
OPERATING
AT MARKET TAXES AT FACTOR ADDED SALARIES SURPLUS
PRICES COST
2000 38,635 19,400 19,235 0 19,235 5,547 13,688 15,747 -2,059
2001 39,818 18,954 20,864 -5,206 26,070 5,397 20,673 14,777 5,896
2002 45,127 18,468 26,660 -3,600 30,260 5,734 24,525 17,691 6,834
2003 42,102 22,361 19,741 -4,680 24,421 5,585 18,836 17,714 1,122
2004 46,046 22,289 23,757 -4,188 27,945 6,215 21,730 18,779 2,951
2005 47,725 29,495 18,231 -3,748 21,979 6,389 15,590 19,970 -4,380
The BahamasWater Resource Vulnerability
1. Ease of access and overexploitation. Saline intrusion.
2. Easily damaged or destroyed by mans activities. Canals, borrow pits, rock mining.
3. Prone to inundation. Storm surges, and sea level rise.
4. Easily polluted:A.) Close water tableB.) Rock porosity and permeabilityC.) Lacking soilsD.) Internal drainageE.) Scarce disposal sites in small island
environment. Dumping habits, and lack of mains sewerage.
Difficult and Costly Clean Up!
Water Conservation Tips,to save water and money:
Toilet flushing accounts for 40% of the water usage each day.
Showers and baths account for 35% of the water usage each day.
Laundry and dishwashing account for 20% of the water usage each day.
Drinking and cooking account for the additional 5% of the water usage per day.
(NOTE) Water your lawn in the early mornings and only when necessary. In our climate the lawn only requires water every 5-7 days, during the summer months.
Water Resources Assessment of The Bahamas
LATEST UPDATE
Produced By:- U.S. Army Corp’s of Engineers
Using Existing Data and Reports.Approved by Government.
Website: http://www.sam.usace.army.mil/en/wra/Bahamas/Bahamas.html