Water Recycling for Commercial and Industrial UseWater Recycling for Commercial and Industrial Use

Dr John Radcliffe AM Mitchell LaginestraDr John Radcliffe AMCommissioner, National Water Commission; and Honorary Research Fellow, CSIRO

Mitchell LaginestraPrincipal Engineer - Water/Wastewater ProcessGHD Pty Ltd

Prof Paul Perkins AMChair, The Barton GroupAdjunct Professor, ANU

Richard FassbenderDirector, Economic Environmental Solutions (SA) Pty Ltd

Stephanie BoltEnvironment ManagerAdelaide and Parafield Airports, pAdelaide Airport Limited

Adelaide Convention Centre Monday 14th November, 2005

CEDA Water ForumNovember 2005

Wool Processing Working with the EnvironmentWorking with the Environment

Richard FassbenderConsultant – EESees1@bigpond.com

Michell Pty Ltd - Wool

Wholly Family owned - 5th Generation Australian Co.Head office & factory - Adelaide basedHead office & factory Adelaide based.90% Export FocusProduction Capacity 40m Kgs pa. (10% of Australia's Clip)T/over approximately $250 millionWorld competitive

Situation Analysis 1999Situation Analysis 1999Environmental impact of Wool Processing

Water use - 1 billion Litres paSolid waste 20,000 tonnes to landfill,Effluent disposal - Discharge to sewer

B i CBusiness Costs

Water $1 millionWater $1 millionLandfill = $0.8 millionEffluent disposal= $0.5millionpGas & Power = $2 million

Is this sustainable?Is this sustainable?

How to achieveSustainability

Reduce Water Consumption Alternative Water SupplyElimination of wool wastes to landfillReduction of Solid and Grease to SewerReduce Salinity to SewerReduce Salinity to SewerLower costs

Alternative Water SupplyAlternative Water SupplyEnvironmental Benefits

Stormwater diverted away from the marine environmentGross pollutants removedGross pollutants removedNutrients, metals, organics reduced by treatmentLess pressure on mains and hence onLess pressure on mains and hence on MurrayL li it tLower salinity to sewer

Alternative Water SupplyAlternative Water SupplyEconomic Benefits

Water quality is matched to end use, bl i d fpotable water not required for process

therefore not chlorinated or fluoridatedLess softeningLow inputsp

Requirements

Location, location, location, large land requirement scarce in metro areaLong term tenure on that landLong term tenure on that landStormwater collection systemDistribution system, customers preferably close bypreferably close by

Partners

City of SalisburyNA&B Catchment BoardParafield AirportParafield AirportEnvironment AustraliaEPASA W tSA Water

Murray WaterMains inputS lt

New PartnershipsStormwater -low salt, softL S ltSalt

FluorideElectricityGas

Low SaltNo water treatment

Additional water treatment

High water useD W

Less WaterR l

WoolDirt Processing

World Export Markets

Dump Wastes Rising CostsEffluent to SewerRising Competition

Recycle wastesReduced CostsReduced Sewer LoadWorld Competitive

Raw Wool

Grease

Finished Wool Products

gs g Co pe oHigh Salt production

Wo d Co pe veLower Salt loadsEfficientSustainable

SaltsDirtGrease

Compost Wool & Dirt wastes Lower salt loading on SAWater

High Salt loadLow quality WaterWool wastes

gRecycle waste water via SAWaterNo landfill/ dumping - Composting

ConclusionConclusionMichell has a long term visiongInvested at least $2.5mEnvironmentally sustainable

i ll iblCommercially sensibleIt would not have been successful without a good

ki l i hi i hworking relationship with our new partners:Federal Government - Environment AustraliaL l GLocal Government - City of SalisburyCatchment Boards - Nth Adelaide Plains & Barossa ValleyAirport Authority - Parafield AirportAirport Authority - Parafield AirportEPASA Water

Committee for Economic Development of Australia1414thth November, 2005November, 2005

INDUSTRIAL WATER INDUSTRIAL WATER INDUSTRIAL WATER INDUSTRIAL WATER RECYCLING RECYCLING RECYCLING RECYCLING

Case StudiesCase StudiesMitchell LaginestraMitchell Laginestra

Industry PerspectiveIndustry Perspective•• CostsCosts

Water supply ~ $ 1/kLWater supply ~ $ 1/kLDisposal could be $ 2/kLWastewater treatment and residuals disposalWastewater treatment and residuals disposalEnvironment / rehabilitation

•• Quality of WaterQuality of WaterQuality of WaterQuality of WaterProduct integrityRe-Use Applications Wastewater treatmentRe Use Applications Wastewater treatment Process impact

•• Other associated aspectsOther associated aspectsOther associated aspectsOther associated aspectsOperations – monitoring, automation, level of skillArea availability for treatment / odour mitigationy g

Cost of Treatment ProcessesCost of Treatment Processes

Cost4

Cost $ / m3

22

Increasing Effluent Quality

Case Study 1: CUBCase Study 1: CUB

• Located at Yatala, QLD• CUB expanded operations (doubling the capacity at

Yatala to approximately 500 ML/annum of beer )• Wastewater was expected to double

• Wastewater was pre-treated and discharged to sewer

• New system need to cope with extra load and stricter requirements from local council.

Why Have Water Management?

•• 450 ML/annum water discarded450 ML/annum water discarded•• 450 ML/annum water discarded450 ML/annum water discarded•• Cost of discarding waterCost of discarding water

•• Water into Plant ~ $1 00 / kLWater into Plant ~ $1 00 / kL•• Water into Plant ~ $1.00 / kLWater into Plant ~ $1.00 / kL•• Effluent ~ $2.00 / kLEffluent ~ $2.00 / kL•• Total ~ $3 00 / kLTotal ~ $3 00 / kL•• Total ~ $3.00 / kLTotal ~ $3.00 / kL•• Cost of discarded water = 450,000 x $3.00Cost of discarded water = 450,000 x $3.00•• $$ 1 350 0001 350 000 / annum !!!!/ annum !!!!•• $ $ 1,350,0001,350,000 / annum !!!!/ annum !!!!

Existing WWTP

Holding Tank

Screens

ClarifierClarifierPreacidification

Tank

Mix Tanksolids

NH3, FeCl3 & MgOH

BiomassMix Tank

UASB Reactors

to sludge storage tanker

Biomassstorage

Biogas to boilers

lid

IAF

solids

poly

To sewerTo sewer

“Outside the Box”…..Developed a “water management plan” - Water for non-food contactplan - Water for non-food contact areas of the brewery

> 100 m3/hr can be used on-site

Reuse potential inc:Reuse potential inc:- washdown- boiler makeup- cooling towers- conveyor lube- vacuum pumps- pasteurisers- hot CIPhot CIP

New Processes

PrimarySolids

From UASBWWTP Mix

Tank

Removal

FFB

DAFF

MF

RO

• Sludge/float will be conveyed to the JJ Richards Ti Tree Facility storage tanker for storage and disposal

Chlorination

• RO reject water will be discharged to sewer Storage

Reuse

Upgraded WWTP

D&C contract awarded (~ $7M) Dec 03D&C contract awarded ( $7M) Dec 03

Commence construction Apr 04

Process commissioning Nov 04

Proof of Performance Testing Dec 04

Commissioned Jan 05

DAFF

DAFF Reject

MF/RO

MBBRsMBBRs

June 20 2004

Case Study:Case Study: Brewery # 2Brewery # 2yy yyWastewater Treatment Pl t ( h i l Aeration

tankPlant (mechanical biological) - Perth

Effluent irrigation on-site

Iss es of gro nd aterIssues of groundwater movement to Swan River catchmentcatchment eutrophication

Need to reduce P in effluent

Phosphorus Removal

Chemical P removal :• Potentially greater reduction

f P i ffl t di h

Biological P removal :• no chemical usage• greater energy efficiencyof P in effluent discharge

BUT• use of chemicals

greater energy efficiency• lower environmental impact over

life cycle - system operation basisBUT

• increase in salinity• increased residual generation

BUT• Effluent P concentration is

potentially higher

S B WWTP BPR S hSwan Brewery WWTP - BPR Scheme

I fl tI fl tInfluentInfluent Aeration Aeration BasinBasinBPR BPR

TanksTanksClarifierClarifier

TanksTanks

EffluentEffluent

RASRASZone 1:Zone 1:

PrePre--AnoxicAnoxic Zones 2 & 3:Zones 2 & 3:A biA bi

WASWASAnaerobicAnaerobic

Modified WWTP

Bio P zonesNew feed line

IMPROVED CATCHMENTIMPROVED CATCHMENT DISCHARGE (P reduced from 12 mg/L to 1)

Other plant achievements:Other plant achievements:minimisation of chemical useenhanced energy efficiencylow residual by-product

Case Study : Poultry ProcessingCase Study : Poultry Processing

• Rural location• DAF, biological treatment

(lagoons)• Effluent irrigation of• Effluent irrigation of

adjacent maize field• Plant upgraded by 2 ½ pg y

times the size (increase in WW generated accordingly)accordingly)

• Effluent re-use on DAIRY FARM with precautionaryFARM with precautionary discharge to stream (requires nutrient removal)

Wastewater Treatment PlantWastewater Treatment Plant

) Sludge to off-site disposal

InfluentInfluentMaize Maize fieldfield

Irrigation Irrigation DAF UnderflowDAF UnderflowChemicals

fieldfield

Cl ifiCl ifi

Irrigation Irrigation PondPond

ClarifierClarifier

A i

EffluentEffluent

Waste SludgeAerobic zone

Recycle Sludge

Upgraded WWTPUpgraded WWTPSludge to on site pond

flfl)

Sludge to on-site pond

Dairy Dairy farmsfarmsInfluentInfluent

Trickling Trickling filterfilter UV UV

disinfectiondisinfection

farmsfarms

Irrigation Irrigation DAF UnderflowDAF Underflow

disinfectiondisinfection

TF UnderflowTF Underflow

ggPondPond OnOn--site site

rere--use use ––

ClarifierClarifier

EffluentEffluentAnoxic

Chemicals ••truckwashtruckwash

••hosinghosing

Waste Sludge

EffluentEffluentAerobic zone

zone

Recycle Activated Sludge

Sludge

Irrigation pondIrrigation pond

Anoxic & anaerobic ponds

Trickling Filter

Balance Tank

Case Study : Petroleum Refinery Case Study : Petroleum Refinery Water Management S stemWater Management S stemWater Management SystemWater Management System

• Objective: improve stormwater and water management • meet strict discharge requirements (N limit) to bay discharge

• Main issues:d• odour,

• ammonia in the effluent discharge, • health risks with recycling, y g• scale and corrosion in cooling water circuit with recycling

• Approach involved:• System measurement, flow and quality• Assessment of quality requirements of each unit process• Water and chemical balanceWater and chemical balance• Development of flow-sheet options• Option evaluation and selection• Design, construction and commissioning

Initial Petroleum Refinery Water Management FlowsheetManagement Flowsheet

Evaporation 3,000 m3/d

Cooling T

p ,

Cooling Makeup 4 000 3/d

Cooling Tower Blowdown 1 000 m3/dTowers

A t dEvaporation 200 m3/d

4,000 m3/d Blowdown 1,000 m /d

API Separator

Aerated Treatment Lagoons

Evaporation 200 m /d

Intake 9,000 m3/d

RefineryProcess Water

Wastewater to be treated 6,000 m3/d

Discharge 6,000 m3/d

Stormwater 200 m3/d

Water 5 ,000 m3/d

Optimised Petroleum Refinery W t M t Fl h tWater Management Flowsheet

RO Plant

Evaporation 3,000 m3/d Recycle 3,500 m3/d

Cooling Towers

Cooling Makeup 500 m3/d

Cooling Tower Blowdown 700 m3/d

Od d V l til C ll ti

API Separator

Activated Sludge

Evaporation 200 m3/dDAFIntake

Odour and Volatiles Collection

Refinery

Separator PlantWastewater to be treated 4,600 m3/d Discharge

1 100 m3/d

4,500 m3/d

Stormwater 100 m3/d

Process Water 4,000 m3/d

1,100 m /d

The Final WordThe Final WordIndustry is a high water user:

2 L / L ilk• 2 L / L milk, • 2.25 - 3 L / L beer and wine; • 18 L / chicken processed,p ,• 80 L / kg paper

Industrial Uses of recycled water include:• Production (non-food)• Washing and cleaning• Service water for heating and coolingService water for heating and cooling• Irrigation

Treatment is a costNot all uses require high water qualitySaving water will save money in the long term Social, env. & economic benefits cleaner production

BACKBACK--UP SLIDES FOR QUESTIONSUP SLIDES FOR QUESTIONS

Quality In….. WMP

Parameter Units Range Mean Value Design

Flowrate from UASB WWTP m3/h 75-170 75-170

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) mg/L 100- 700 250 300

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) mg/L 50 – 200 80 100

Suspended Solids (SS) mg/L 50 – 900 300 400

Total Nitrogen (TN) mg/L 10 – 80 40 40

Total Phosphorus (TP) mg/L 5 50 20 20Total Phosphorus (TP) mg/L 5 – 50 20 20

Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH3-N) mg/L 5 – 30 10 10

Total Dissolved Salts (TDS) mg/L 1000 – 3000 1500 2000

pH - 6 - 8 6.8 6.8

Temperature Deg C 25 – 40 30 35

Total Bicarbonate Alkalinity (TBA) mg/L as CaCO3 800-1500 1200 1500

…Quality OutWMP

Flowrate - >65% of Water Management Plant Inflow

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) mg/L Not detected (ND)Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) mg/L Not detected (ND)

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) mg/L ND

Total Nitrogen (TN) mg/L < 5

Total Phosphorus (TP) mg/L < 0.1

Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH3-N) mg/L < 1

Total Dissolved Salts (TDS) mg/L < 100

Turbidity NTU < 0.1

pH - 6.5 – 8.5

Total Organic Carbon mg/L NDTotal Organic Carbon mg/L ND

Coliforms and viruses cfu/100mL 0

Colour Pt- Co < 5

Taste and odour - ND

SBR / IDEA bioreactor

Nitrogen RemovalNitrogen Removal

NH3 + 02 NO3N2

C + 02 CO2 + Cells(Nitrification)

Waste Sludge

Recycle Sludge (high rate)

g

2NO3 N2 + 302(Denitrification)

ANAEROBIC PROCESSANAEROBIC PROCESS

COMPLEX ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

anaerobic bacteria

COMPLEX ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Stage 1 anaerobic bacteria(acidogenesis)

Stage 1

Organic acids, alcohols, CO2 + H2

methane forming bacteria(methanogenesis)Stage 2

CH4 + CO2 + H2O4 2 2

Gas Flare and cover – anaerobic pond

Sludge treatment and disposalSludge treatment and disposalOPTIONS:

• stabilisation (to provide treatment and prevent putrefaction)p p )

Lime stabilisation, biological digestion, composting

• dewatering (will reduce volume)Belt press, centrifuge, p , g ,

drying bed

• disposal / recycling of final sludge• disposal / recycling of final sludge product product (check contaminants)

Land fill, horticulture, land , ,application

Forum on Water Recycling

R l d W t. Forum on Water Recycling

Recycled Water -Use in Industryy

John RadcliffeJohn Radcliffejohn.radcliffe@csiro.auj @

14 November 2005

ANY USE OF RECYCLED WATER AND ITS PRICING INVOLVES A CONSIDERATION OF THE

HYDROLOGICAL CYCLEHYDROLOGICAL CYCLE

After Ansano, Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse

AUSTRALIA’S WATER USEThe 67 % of water used in agriculture is not dil ibl t it l iti t Ad l idreadily accessible to capital cities except Adelaide

In the 22 major cities:-t e ajo c t es

Total Domestic use - 2 100 GL

Gardens & Toilet flushing - 658 GL

Total Industrial/Commercial use - 576 GL

Non-drinking requirement - ?

CAN WE USE MORE RECYCLED WATER?CAN WE USE MORE RECYCLED WATER?

City water usage and anticipated population increase

SydneyHobart

Northern Territory2%

y y29%2%

Hunter4%

Canberra5%

24%5%

Adelaide8% 28%

MelbourneSouth West WA

28%62%38%

e bou e26%

SE Queensland14%

Sout est10%

% l tiSource: WSAA Facts 2003

% population increase by 2030

Proportions of water usedpSYDNEY

Other residential10%

ClotheswasherGovernment

Losses & other water11%

Clotheswasher11%

Government8%

Toilet9%

Industrial10%

Commercial9%

Shower/bathroom15%

Garden & outdoor17%

9%

Source: WSAA Facts 2003, CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country

17%

SOURCES OF WATER

“FIRST USE”

• Run-off in Catchments (Overland flows, rivers, dams reservoirs)dams, reservoirs)

• Natural Ground Water

• Harvested “rainwater”

•RECYCLED

• Stormwater• Stormwater

• Wastewater (Industrial and Domestic) ( )

• Desalinated Sea Water

500 Australian WWTPs 500 Australian WWTPs have some water-have some water

recycling.recycling.

Wh t i b i d ? What is being done? Wh t th What are the

t iti f opportunities for more?more?

EFFLUENT USES IN NSW, 2000,

Uses of Effluent No of STPs (incl Uses of Effluent No. of STPs (incl. multiple use)

Golf Courses 46Golf Courses 46Pastures (Dairy, beef, sheep) 32Sports fields, Ovals 19Woodlots 14Schools 4Cemetery 1Cemetery 1Hydroponics 1Dune stabilisation 1

Substituting water in industryg y

Gladstone– 100% recycling to industry (Alumina refinery etc.)

Illawarra Wastewater Strategygy– upgrading Wollongong WWTP to produce 20ML/day for BHP Steel using Microfiltration and Reverse Osmosis

Recycled water for new industriesyLuggage Point, Q. Microfiltration / Reverse osmosis plant,

l i t 14ML/d t BP Asupplying up to 14ML/day to BP-Amoco

LUGGAGE POINTS H ki & B 2002

Kwinana WA – New industries, (MF/RO) at Woodman Point

Source: Hopkins & Barr 2002

Kwinana WA New industries, (MF/RO) at Woodman Point STP, 5GL/annum below 50mg/L TDS.

Third pipe residential systemsToilets, garden, amenity horticulture.

Rouse Hill, NSW – 12000 homes, 4.4ML/day

Sydney Olympic Park/ Newington NSW - 2 2ML/day BOLIVAR *Newington, NSW, - 2.2ML/day

Mawson Lakes SA 10000 pop-

BOLIVAR

Mawson Lakes SA 10000 population (effluent + stormwater)

reuse

Source: Ted Gardner

Recycling Stormwater

SA - Salisbury Council stormwater management strategy - 36 wet-lands used for Council reserves incl Mawson Lakes and wet lands, used for Council reserves incl. Mawson Lakes, and for selling water to GH Michell (woolscourers), and Holdens.

GH MichellGH Michell

PARAFIELD AIRPORT

Source:

City of Salisbury

ATTITUDES OF AUSTRALIANS TO USING RECYCLED WATER – THOSE OPPOSED

Purpose CSIRO (2002) - Sydney WaterPurpose CSIRO (2002) -%

Sydney Water (1999) - %

Irrigating golf course 2Irrigating golf course 2 -Irrigating local park - 3Home lawn/garden 4 3Home toilet flushing 4 4Home toilet flushing 4 4Washing clothes 30 22Bathing at Home 52 43Bathing at Home 52 43Cooking at Home - 62Drinking 74 69

PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE CRUCIAL

PERCEPTIONSC O SPsychological objection vs the conservation ethicvs. the conservation ethic

Non-contact use preferred

Credibility, risk, trust

Building local supportBuilding local support

Overseas experience

Community must havefacts make the choice: facts, make the choice: e.g. Gold Coast Water developing Pimpama-Coomera area.

Gaining Public ConfidenceGaining Public ConfidenceDOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY AUGMENTATION

USE IN AGRICULTUREincreasing

level of hhuman

contact

GREEN SPACES

INDUSTRIAL USE

time

Time to gain acceptance of Recycled Water Applications

WATER PRICESRECYCLED WATER

Northern Adelaide Plains – Virginia SA 7-15c/KL

Sydney – Rouse Hill NSW (IPART) (to 2008-9) 29.3c/KLSydney Rouse Hill NSW (IPART) (to 2008 9) 29.3c/KL

Ipswich Water – Springfield Qld 43c/KL

Christies Beach – Southern Vales SA 63c/KL

Mawson Lakes SA 75c/KL

SOPA / Newington (2005) $1.05/KL

DRINKING WATER-Sydney Water (2005) $1.20-1.48/KL (2008-9) $1.31-$1.85/KL

BOTTLED Ride sports water (500mL) $6600.00/KL

The price of Recycled Water in 144 schemes across Australia WSAA 2005

Issues Supply and DemandIssues – Supply and Demand

• Competition with other water sources eg • Competition with other water sources – eg drinking water supply or “free” irrigation water

• Quality – to be fit for purposeT iff R l t d N ti t ? • Tariff – Regulated or Negotiate your own?

• Market demand frequently overestimated – egMarket demand frequently overestimated egSydney’s Glenfield-Liverpool-Malabar line

MATCHING SUPPLY AND DEMAND

Varying seasonal domestic and agricultural demands are unlikely to match the supply of recycled water from treatment plants

Modelled outside demand for water,

Aurora subdivision, Victoria

(McLean 2003)

But steady industrial demand can be ymatched with steady Treatment Plant supply

How to store recycled water?yON SURFACE

• Large area requiredA b i t b h d t i t i– Area may be expensive to buy, hard to maintain

– UV radiation helpful in polishing water

IN AQUIFERS

R h if b ddi t t d t t t• Recharge aquifers by adding treated wastewater to groundwater, which helps remediation – Storing water short and long term

– Transporting water– Transporting water

– Treatment and polishing of recharged wastewater

Infiltration Gallery

0.5 m

Inspection lid

Concrete discharge

Reuse

0.5 m

Inflow pipeg

chamber12.5 m

Infiltration with

Slotted pipe

1 d Infiltration withsoilin situ

1 day

Groundwater table

Aquifer 75 days

Costs of water recyclingCosts of water recycling

Additi l it l i t t i d• Additional capital investment required• Recycling usually done at WWTP so require Recycling usually done at WWTP, so require

additional mains infrastructure to consumer and i t d i tassociated pumping costs

• Additional quality risks to be monitored – NWQMS • Additional quality risks to be monitored – NWQMS – HACCP based Recycled Water Standards

• Cost likely to be greater than “first use” drinking water if it is from remediated wastewaterwater if it is from remediated wastewater

Commercial optionsCommercial options

• Integrate several water resources – eg recycled and stormwater – Olympic Park, Mawson Lakesstormwater Olympic Park, Mawson Lakes

• Joint venture investment eg Stormwater Recycling between local government and user (Salisbury Council between local government and user (Salisbury Council and Michells Woolscourers, SA)

• User takes flow from WWTP and builds Recycling User takes flow from WWTP and builds Recycling Plant to meet own needs (eg Eraring Power Station, Newcastle))

• Exploit potential for competition in recycled water supply - Services Sydney NCC and ACCC legal casespp y y y g

Commercial risks to be assessedCommercial risks to be assessed

• Lack of long-term access security – title to water unclear• Continuity of supply – what if plant down for maintenance?y pp y p• Response of Government to a “disaster” with recycled

water – risk of stranded assets eg Netherlands ban on grecycling

• Industry adjustment/restructuring – investment no longer Industry adjustment/restructuring investment no longer needed– eg BHP Newcastle,

• Any possible consumer resistance to products produced with Any possible consumer resistance to products produced with recycled water

• Industrial problems – eg fire-fighting acceptabilityIndustrial problems eg fire fighting acceptability• Political opportunists destroying community confidence

CURRENT REGULATIONS

Disconnects between agencies – (ponderous, lengthy decision-making processes, discouraging for investors)g p , g g )

Inconsistent, inadequate regulation between the States Environmental Planning and HealthStates – Environmental, Planning, and Health

Inconsistent States’ classification systemsy

Insecure Title of Recycled effluent, Stormwater -Who can collect and sell water?(State or Local Govt?)Who can collect and sell water?(State or Local Govt?)

During 2004 and 2005, most State Governments

developed water resource plans

% Recycling by major Australian t li 2003 4water suppliers 2003-4

.South Australian Water

WSAA Facts 2004

South AustraliaStrategy to 2025 “Water Proofing Adelaide”

Better protection of Catchments • Recycling 20GL/annum stormwater Recycling 20GL/annum stormwater for non-drinking purposes • 30GL recycled wastewater provided 30GL recycled wastewater provided for irrigated agriculture • Monitor sustainable alternative water Monitor sustainable alternative water sources such as desalinated seawater • Encourage an innovative water industryEncourage an innovative water industry

PRACTICAL, BUT NOT ESPECIALLY AMBITIOUS!

COUNCIL OF AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENTS

Intergovernmental Agreement on the g gNational Water Initiative – June 2004

108 Clauses,signed by C lth d ll t t Commonwealth and all states except WA, Tasmania

Tasmania signed July 2005

NATIONAL WATER INITIATIVEProvides for

NATIONAL WATER INITIATIVEProvides for• Water access entitlements and a planning framework

Water markets and trading• Water markets and trading,• Best practice water pricing and institutional arrangements,• Integrated Management of Environmental Water,• Water Resource AccountingWater Resource Accounting• Urban Water Reform, with greater use of

recycled waterrecycled water• Community partnerships and Adjustment,

C• Knowledge and Capacity Building.

NATIONAL WATER INITIATIVE

National Water CommissionFunctions

• Accredits States’ Implementation Plans

Advises on Progress by States with Water• Advises on Progress by States with Water Reform and NWI agreement

• Recommends investment proposals to Prime Minister from Aust Govt Water FundPrime Minister from Aust. Govt. Water Fund

Australian Government Water Fund

Water Smart Australia ProgrammeWater Smart Australia Programme -$1.6b

Administered by NWC“Development and uptake of smart technologies and

practices in water use across Australia” p act ces ate use ac oss ust a a(Projects – notionally $lm minimum)

Eligible – State Government NWI signatories, Local Government, private sector, industry, other organisations and

it P t hi dcommunity groups. Partnerships encouraged.

Water Smart Australia Application Categories• Support water markets & trading• Improve metering & measuring• Improve metering & measuring• Protect surface, groundwater systems of high value• Improve environmental outcomesImprove environmental outcomes• Increase agric. productivity and water use efficiency (WUE)• Increase urban industry water use efficiency (WUE) Water Increase urban, industry water use efficiency (WUE), Water

Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD)• Encourage recycling/reuseEncourage recycling/reuse• Secure reliable water supplies• Encourage innovation • Encourage innovation • Manage surface, groundwater as connected systems• Knowledge and capacity building• Knowledge and capacity building

Water Smart Australia A li ti A t F k

• Extent proposal advances National Water

Applications Assessment Framework• Extent proposal advances National Water

InitiativeT h i l i d i t l i bilit• Technical, economic and environmental viability

• Environmental benefits• Value for money• Significance• Significance• Degree of innovation• Beneficiary contribution level• Equity contribution to commercial projectsEquity contribution to commercial projects• Social and community impact

THE COMPETITIONCOMPETITION

By By international

standards the standards, the price of urban d i ki t drinking water

is cheap

Source – The Barton Group

THE ULTIMATE ISSUEDO WE RECYCLE BACK TO DRINKING WATER?

•It is technically feasible, safe, already practised indirectly

•Can evoke aesthetic insecurity among potential recipients

•Seems OK if goes down a river before enters reservoir(Canberra & various country WWTPs discharge to River Murray, which supplies 35% - 85% of Adelaide’s water)

•Successfully practised in Windhoek SingaporeSuccessfully practised in Windhoek, Singapore

•Proposals being considered for Toowoomba, Goulburn

ARE WE NEARLY READY FOR POTABLE RECYCLING ?

Recycling – Summary of issues

C t k t d d U d it t t• Current market demand• What specific uses?

L ti /t t

• User needs on site treat-ment or plumbing retrofit?

• Investors available?• Location/transport• Future demands

• Investors available?• Payback/rate of return?

Present water supply• Demand variability -Seasonal, daily, hourly?Q lit d d f ?

• Present water supply• When is it available?

D l t h d l• Quality needed for use?• Pressure?

R li bilit ?

• Development schedule• Later land use change?

U d it• Reliability?• Disposal after use?

• User and community acceptance

WATER RECYCLINGWATER RECYCLINGIT IS ESSENTIAL WE GET IT RIGHT!

One publicised failure could undermine every recycling scheme. This would put at risk all the capital invested. There is no security of demand in the face of disaster

Adelaide Convention Centre, ,Monday 14 November 2005

Industrial Water Industrial Water Recycling: Recycling:

Panacea or Pipedream ?Panacea or Pipedream ?Product or Pollutant Product or Pollutant ??

Im..Possible or Priority ?Im..Possible or Priority ?

Paul J Perkins AMPaul J Perkins AMAdjunct Professor AustralianAdjunct Professor AustralianAdjunct Professor, Australian Adjunct Professor, Australian

National UniversityNational UniversityChair CRC CARE Pty Ltd; ChairChair CRC CARE Pty Ltd; Chair

PP p (..erspective) on Industrial PP p (..erspective) on Industrial Water RecyclingWater Recycling

AT O CAT O C l h ll fl h ll fWATER POLICYWATER POLICY seminal challenge for seminal challenge for AustraliaAustraliaNWINWI provides provides LEADERSHIP & IWCMLEADERSHIP & IWCMFRAMEWORK,FRAMEWORK, butbut,,Its Its COMPLEX & INTERRELATEDCOMPLEX & INTERRELATEDTRANSITIONTRANSITION ill bill b LONGLONG ddTRANSITIONTRANSITION will be will be LONGLONG and and ADJUSTMENTSADJUSTMENTS will be will be PAINFULPAINFUL

SoSo INDUSTRY MUST INNOVATEINDUSTRY MUST INNOVATESo…. So…. INDUSTRY MUST INNOVATE INDUSTRY MUST INNOVATE …EARLY!!…EARLY!!

Industry? Recycling?Industry? Recycling?Industry? Recycling?Industry? Recycling?

INDUSTRYINDUSTRY i i ll d fi di i ll d fi dINDUSTRY INDUSTRY is generically defined:is generically defined:Power generation & water utilitiesPower generation & water utilitiesMining & minerals processingMining & minerals processingMining & minerals processingMining & minerals processingManufacturing & commercialManufacturing & commercialServicesServices

RECYCLING RECYCLING is as defined by JR & is all but 1is as defined by JR & is all but 1stst use use d fd f iiwater resource, treated for purposewater resource, treated for purpose, viz:, viz:

Stormwater & reclaimed groundwaterStormwater & reclaimed groundwaterWastewater (industrial & domestic)Wastewater (industrial & domestic)Wastewater (industrial & domestic)Wastewater (industrial & domestic)Desalinated waterDesalinated water

TimelineTimeline for Agreed Actionsfor Agreed ActionsImmediate to post 2010Immediate to post 2010Responsibilities: States & C’wealthResponsibilities: States & C’wealthResponsibilities: States & C wealthResponsibilities: States & C wealthNew knowledge to systems optimisationNew knowledge to systems optimisationResearch to operationalisationResearch to operationalisationRural & urbanRural & urbanDomestic, Agriculture , environmentDomestic, Agriculture , environmentIn and between jurisdictionsIn and between jurisdictionsIn and between jurisdictionsIn and between jurisdictionsAccountabilitiesAccountabilities

Mullboard plough

approach..… ad seriatum !

Complex & InterComplex & Inter--relatedrelatedpp

Access entitlementsAccess entitlementsMarkets & tradingMarkets & tradingMarkets & tradingMarkets & tradingPricingPricingIWCM for Environment & Public BenefitIWCM for Environment & Public BenefitResource accountingResource accountingggUrban reformUrban reformKnowledge & Capacity buildingKnowledge & Capacity buildingKnowledge & Capacity buildingKnowledge & Capacity buildingCommunity Partnerships & adjustmentCommunity Partnerships & adjustment

Water Industry Roadmap Water Industry Roadmap y py pCONTEXTCONTEXT

NWI Policy ComplexityNWI Policy ComplexityInterInter--related issues related issues -- NCC Roadkill etcNCC Roadkill etcRuralRural--Urban Environmental issuesUrban Environmental issuesNew urban emphasis …New urban emphasis …

sosososoIndustry Development InputIndustry Development Input

Comparative Research Comparative Research --BenchmarksBenchmarksPartnerships and Portfolio emphasisPartnerships and Portfolio emphasisp pp p

Roadmap ConclusionsRoadmap Conclusions

No technology ConstraintsNo technology ConstraintsNo Financial ConstraintsNo Financial ConstraintsNo Community constraintNo Community constraintyy

BUTBUT

Major failure of institutional arrangementsMajor failure of institutional arrangements

No culture to manage for shared values?No culture to manage for shared values?No culture to manage for shared values?No culture to manage for shared values?

BENCHMARKSBENCHMARKS

Policy: NWI , MDBc Cap & TradePolicy: NWI , MDBc Cap & TradeIWCM IWCM -- Planning etc Planning etc -- SEQ Water Futures Gold Coast CCSEQ Water Futures Gold Coast CCIWCM IWCM -- Planning etc Planning etc -- SEQ Water Futures, Gold Coast CCSEQ Water Futures, Gold Coast CCIWCM IWCM -- ReRe--use urban ruraluse urban rural –– SASAPotable Water Reuse Potable Water Reuse –– SINGAPORESINGAPORE All: Mgt forDemand etc. Demand etc. -- BASIX NSW, CSIRO BASIX NSW, CSIRO -- MIAMIASupply Portfolio Supply Portfolio –– Perth WAPerth WA

All: Mgt for Shared values!

Engagement, Ptnrships Engagement, Ptnrships ––, SA, SA, SEQ Water Futures, SEQ Water FuturesPPP Alliance PPP Alliance –– ActewAGL, ; NQ WaterActewAGL, ; NQ WaterBOOT BOOT –– Prospect WTP etcProspect WTP etcBOOT BOOT –– Prospect WTP etcProspect WTP etcSpeed Speed -- SCOTTISH WATER ALLIANCE SCOTTISH WATER ALLIANCE Trading System Trading System –– Currency Trading System, Airlines ReservationsCurrency Trading System, Airlines Reservations

Barriers to Investment in Water Barriers to Investment in Water Recycling Recycling (DAFF June 2005)(DAFF June 2005)

A E i lA E i lAccess Entitlements Access Entitlements Social & “perception” ..the “Yuck” factorSocial & “perception” ..the “Yuck” factorEconomic & FinancialEconomic & FinancialPolicy & RegulatoryPolicy & RegulatoryggPhysical & TechnicalPhysical & TechnicalEnvironmental, andEnvironmental, and,,Legal ……Legal ……

All Barriers to Investment to reducing wasteAll Barriers to Investment to reducing waste…. …. All Barriers to Investment…to reducing waste All Barriers to Investment…to reducing waste and improving efficiency !!!and improving efficiency !!!

First Mover Advantage:First Mover Advantage:Industry InnovationIndustry Innovation,, driven by need!driven by need!

The tank, windmill and mullboard plough were The tank, windmill and mullboard plough were Aussie innovations….more than 100yrs ago.Aussie innovations….more than 100yrs ago.y gy gBenchmarks abound. The challenge is to use Benchmarks abound. The challenge is to use th t f th f hth t f th f hthem to force the pace of change.them to force the pace of change.Consider….Consider….

International Benchmarks:International Benchmarks:SiSiSingaporeSingapore

4 Taps Policy4 Taps PolicyIndustry ReuseIndustry ReuseIndustry Reuse Industry Reuse Potable ReusePotable ReuseEstuary damEstuary damEstuary damEstuary dam>50% land for >50% land for

t h t &t h t &catchment &catchment &storagestorage

+ Desalination !+ Desalination !

Benchmark: Benchmark: ParafieldParafield--MichellMichell

Partnership (PPP)Partnership (PPP)Pollution reduction / potable water subst’nPollution reduction / potable water subst’nAquifer storage / recoveryAquifer storage / recoveryAquifer storage / recoveryAquifer storage / recoveryMultiple environmental valuesMultiple environmental valuesI iI iInnovationInnovation

Industrial Recycling BenchmarkIndustrial Recycling Benchmarky gy gAlbury Paper Mill; Norske SkogAlbury Paper Mill; Norske Skog

250, 000 tonnes newsprint250, 000 tonnes newsprint

Raw materialsRaw materialsRecycled newspapers / deRecycled newspapers / de--inking plantinking plant

Plantation Radiata Pine / waste irrigation, Plantation Radiata Pine / waste irrigation, / g ,/ g ,

Pollution reduction & Water efficiencyPollution reduction & Water efficiencyTo help protect your privacy, PowerPoint prevented this external picture from being automatically downloaded. To download and display this picture, click Options in the Message Bar, and then click Enable external content.

Sustainability Challenges:Sustainability Challenges:Knowledge Policy InstitutionsKnowledge Policy InstitutionsKnowledge, Policy, InstitutionsKnowledge, Policy, Institutions

Gen I: ENVIRONMENTALISMGen I: ENVIRONMENTALISMCanary in the mine! Canary in the mine!

Value driven awareness.Value driven awareness.(Geographically bound preservationism)(Geographically bound preservationism)(Geographically bound preservationism)(Geographically bound preservationism)

Gen II SUSTAINABILITY Gen II SUSTAINABILITY Gen II: SUSTAINABILITY Gen II: SUSTAINABILITY Adaptive learningAdaptive learning

(C i t ti TBL)(C i t ti TBL)(Convergence, integration, TBL)(Convergence, integration, TBL)

Learning for Sustainability?Learning for Sustainability?

NWI can be model for “Learning for Sustainability”NWI can be model for “Learning for Sustainability”

Adaptive Mgt for uncertaintyAdaptive Mgt for uncertaintyAdaptive Mgt for uncertaintyAdaptive Mgt for uncertaintyTBL for sustainabilityTBL for sustainabilityIWCM for water securityIWCM for water security

E t i k h i hi E t i k h i hi Engagement, risk sharing, ownership: Engagement, risk sharing, ownership: Replicable and Exportable too!Replicable and Exportable too!

Second Generation:Second Generation:Learning for Sustainability?Learning for Sustainability?

Nationally: reNationally: re--inforce COAG Leadershipinforce COAG LeadershipWater (& Energy) focusWater (& Energy) focusAccess & trading systemsAccess & trading systemsg yg yInstitutional reformInstitutional reformMeasurement / AccountabilityMeasurement / AccountabilityMeasurement / AccountabilityMeasurement / AccountabilityPPPs (Portfolio of Partnerships culture)PPPs (Portfolio of Partnerships culture)Bundle Water InvestmentsBundle Water Investments

Water Futures = f (P,P,P)Water Futures = f (P,P,P)

Focus on Focus on Ri kRi k PPORTFOLIOORTFOLIORisk Risk PPORTFOLIOORTFOLIO

& & PPARTNERSHIPS CultureARTNERSHIPS Culture!!PPARTNERSHIPS CultureARTNERSHIPS Culture!!

WWW.bartongroup.org.au

Water Recycling for Commercial and Industrial UseWater Recycling for Commercial and Industrial Use

Dr John Radcliffe AM Mitchell LaginestraDr John Radcliffe AMCommissioner, National Water Commission; and Honorary Research Fellow, CSIRO

Mitchell LaginestraPrincipal Engineer - Water/Wastewater ProcessGHD Pty Ltd

Prof Paul Perkins AMChair, The Barton GroupAdjunct Professor, ANU

Richard FassbenderDirector, Economic Environmental Solutions (SA) Pty Ltd

Stephanie BoltEnvironment ManagerAdelaide and Parafield Airports, pAdelaide Airport Limited

Adelaide Convention Centre Monday 14th November, 2005

Water Recycling for Commercial and Industrial UseWater Recycling for Commercial and Industrial Use

Dr John Radcliffe AM Mitchell LaginestraDr John Radcliffe AMCommissioner, National Water Commission; and Honorary Research Fellow, CSIRO

Mitchell LaginestraPrincipal Engineer - Water/Wastewater ProcessGHD Pty Ltd

Prof Paul Perkins AMChair, The Barton GroupAdjunct Professor, ANU

Richard FassbenderDirector, Economic Environmental Solutions (SA) Pty Ltd

Stephanie BoltEnvironment ManagerAdelaide and Parafield Airports, pAdelaide Airport Limited

Adelaide Convention Centre Monday 14th November, 2005