Prof. S.P.Gautam

FORMER CHAIRMANCENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

DELHI,INDIA

By

WATER QUALITY AND WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT

ENVIRONMENT- INDIAN TRADITION

INDIAN RESOURCES

* Mountains

* Snow Fields

* Deserts

* Plains

Major Environmental Impacts in the Manufacturing Industry

Environmentally detrimental method

of procurement

Generation of Wastes, effluents

and emissions

Environmentally negative impacts

due to product use

RAW Materials

Industrial Processes and

ActivitiesProducts

Unsustainable procurement of raw

materials

Insufficient use of materials and

resources

Improper disposal methods for

products

CONTENTS

WATER QUALITY MONITORING

STATUS OF GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION

WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT

INITIATIVES- R&D SCHEMES Initiated as chairman CPCB

1.IN-SITU TREATMENT OF DOMESTIC WASTE WATER EMPLOYING MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY2.ELIMINATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND OTHER COLIFORM BACTERIA THROUGH

BACTERIOPHAGES -INTERNATIONAL PATENT3.REJUVENATION OF RIVER SAHIBI TO ENSURE MINIMUM FLOW IN YAMUNA IN LEAN PERIOD4. WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN TANNERIES-LYOPHILIZATION OF HIDES AND SKINS

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT

Total Number of Stations : 1429

Rivers : 293

Lakes : 94

Tanks : 09

Ponds : 41

Canals : 23

Creeks/Sea : 15

Wells : 411

• Evolved Water Quality Criteria based on best-designated uses.

• 75% problems of water pollution is due to sewage disposal

• Identified 159 Polluted River Stretches

Riverine System Oxygenation cum Circulation

Riverine System Oxygenation cum Circulation

Riverine Assimilation cum Filtration

Riverine Regulation cum Regulatory

Regime

Regulation cum Regulatory Regime• MoEF Government of India• Central Pollution Control Board• State Government of Uttar Pradesh• State Pollution Control Board• Central Ground Water Board• Urban Local Bodies• District Administration• Zila Panchayat, Kshettra Panchayat• Registered NGOs

In te rna tiona l B oundary

Sta te B oundary

R iver/Stream

D ischarge Location

a R .

Bijnor

M eerut

Moradabad Ram pur

Ghaziabad

Bulandshahr

Aligarh

Bareilly

Pilibhit

Kheri

G ajrau la

Garh

Anupshahar

Budaun

Farrukhabad

Fatehgarh

Kannuaj

Kanpur

Unchahar

Allahabad

Mirzapur

Varanasi

Ghazipur

Ballia

M athura

Agra

LucknowEtaw ah

M ainpuriBasti

Gonda

Gorakpur

BahraichSitapur

Faizabad

Azam garh

Saharnpur

Muzaffarnagar

LEGEND

Chuyya Nalla10.4MLDCanepur Centre Drain

Bagat R. (Effluent Drain)6.05MLD

Mahwa R. (Drain)

Sot R. (Drain)18.2MLD

AgriculturalDrain

Domestic Drain4.3MLD

Narkasa Drain

Hati Nalla6.1MLD

Pata Nalla

D ischarge6.1MLD

Shishamau Nalla 122.7MLDNalla D/S Sidhnath Ghat 135.6MLD

Pandu River 149.5MLD

No. of Drain 12, 146.1MLD

Morchaghat Nalla 25.1MLDHunuman Ghat Nalla No. of Drain 8, 926.7MLD

No. of Drain 4, 24.8MLD

Kathar Nalla 12.1MLD

Executive Coordination cum Administrative Rejuvenation

Executive Coordination cum Administrative Rejuvenation

SurveyMonitoring InventorisationPoint Pollution SourcesNon Point Pollution SourcesConcentration based PollutionLoad based PollutionLocation Specific LegislationCleaner TechnologiesReduction in Carbon Energy and Water PrintAdjudication with Academic Curricula Mobilization of Civil Work Force through Mass Awareness Program

HIATUS IN ENFORCEMENT

• Organisations : CPCB, SPCBs• Legislative• Financial Resources• Pollution Data Base• Training• Public Private Partnership • Clean Technology• E- Governance• Education & Awareness

Water is Precious and scarce Resource

Only a small fraction (about 3%) is fresh water Rainfall is highly uneven with time and space On an average there are only 40 rainy days Out of 4000 BCM rainfall received, about 600BCM is put to use so far Water resources are over-exploited resulting inmajor WQ problems

UsesYear1997-98

Year2010 Year2025 Year2050

Low High % Low High % Low High %

Irrigation 524 543 557 78 561 611 72 628 807 68

Domestic 30 42 43 6 55 62 7 90 111 9

Industries 30 37 37 5 67 67 8 81 81 7

Power 9 18 19 3 31 33 4 63 70 6

InlandNavigation

0 7 7 1 10 10 1 15 15 1

Environment–Ecology

0 5 5 1 10 10 1 20 20 2

EvaporationLosses

36 42 42 6 50 50 6 76 76 7

Total 629 694 710 100 784 843 100 973 1180 100(NCIWRD, 1999)

ANNUALWATER REQUIREMENTFOR DIFFERENTUSES (in km3)

Major Water Quality Issues

•

•

•

•

Pathogenic (Bacteriological) Pollution

Oxygen Depleting organic pollution

Salinity

Toxicity (micro-pollutants and other industrial pollutants)

Surface Water• Eutrophication• Oxygen depletion• Ecological health

Ground Water• Fluoride• Nitrate• Arsenic• Iron• Sea water intrusion

•River are perfect eco system and thereforeultimate goal is to conserve the ecosystemin the river

•Ecological flow throughout the year tosupport all forms of aquatic life

•Maintenance of wholesomeness of waterbodies

•Groundwater is used for various purposes includingdrinking vastly in India

•The quality of water and its distribution over differentregions is uneven and causes problems of scarcityand suitability•This scarce commodity be used as rationally and

efficiently as possible

Urbanisation and Wastewater Management Urban India has become a massive reality as far as

waste management is concerned.

This country can no longer afford to allow urban areasconstituting cities and towns of varying magnitude to takecare of themselves.Urban Centres in India lack infrastructure for sanitationThe wastewater generated in Urban Centres are not

managed appropriately. Inadequate treatment facilities for sewage have

deteriorated the water quality of aquatic resources.

They need the full and undivided attention of ourplanners and decision makers for protection of

environment, aquatic resources and ultimately for bettermanagement of health aspects.

WASTEWATER GENERATION AND TREATMENT

Study to assess the status of wastewater generation andtreatment in Class I Cities (Population > 100,000) andClass II Towns (Population Between 50,000 and 100,000)carried out during 1978-79,1989-90, 1994-95,2003-04and 2009. The latest study indicate that about 38000 million litre per

day (mld) is the wastewater generation from 921 Class ICities and Class II Towns in India that houses more than70% of urban population.

About 11700 mld is the municipal wastewater treatmentcapacity developed so far in India that account for about31% of wastewater generation in these two classes ofurban centres.

Information on other class of cities - III to VI howevershall be gathered to assess the overall wastewatergeneration from urban sector.

•Rapid increase in population in large urbanagglomerations associated with industrial growth

resulted in massive increase of wastewater and solidwastes and ultimately deteriorated the water quality ofaquatic resources•Inadequate arrangements for collection and treatmentof municipal wastewater and municipal solid waste,major part of the wastewater as well as leachate from

solid waste dump sites being stagnating andpercolating in the urban areas and polluting thegroundwater

Class-ICities

NumberofClass-ICities 179

Sewagegeneration(MLD) 11386.6

TreatmentCapacity(MLD) 4991.09

Class-IITowns

NumberofClass-IITowns 147

Sewagegeneration(MLD) 1023.9

TreatmentCapacity(MLD) 78.88

TotalGeneration(MLD) 12410.5

TotalCapacity(MLD) 5069.97

SEWAGE GENERATION & TREATMENTCAPACITY IN GANGA BASIN

Future Scenario Population of India is likely to be stabilized by

2050 at the level of 1700-2000 million. Urban population for the year 2051 is likely to bemore than 1000 million. Municipal wastewater shall be around 120000MLD by 2051. Per capita water availability shall be reduced dueto increase in population

Wastewater generation in any urban centre willbe the source for d/s located urban centres.

In view of such situation there is a need to attain100% wastewater treatment in each city withmore stringent standard.

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THANK YOU

WAY FORWARD (Goals/Aims)

• Maintenance of Environmental flow in rivers.• Prohibiting sewage disposal in water bodies.• Restriction on Industrial waste disposal in water

bodies.• Ambient air quality monitoring in all habitats.• Action Plans for air pollution control in habitats/

industrial clusters.• Sector-specific Industrial Pollution Control

Programmes.• GIS / GPS- based system for Environment

Clearance .