water in washington keith phillips may 2004. the numbers ~ population growth l 1.5 m -- surface code...
TRANSCRIPT
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- Water in Washington Keith Phillips May 2004
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- The numbers ~ population growth l 1.5 M -- surface code adopted (1917) l 3.5 M -- last time code updated (1971) l 5.6 M -- today l 7.0 M -- by 2010 l Eastern Western Washington: different economics, population, water supply growth rates are similar
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- The numbers ~ endangered fish l Over 20 listed salmon/trout/ steelhead runs l 16 over-appropriated basins: stream flows critical to recovery l 7 salmon recovery areas much of the state
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- Consumptive Water Use in WA Irrigation Industrial Municipal
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- What is a water right? l Application (intent to appropriate) l Permit (authorization to develop) l Proof of appropriation (beneficial use) l Certificate of water right (property right) l Change of certificate l Relinquishment (abandon; forfeiture)
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- Water Rights Permits Ecology must determine: l use is beneficial l water is available l existing water uses not impaired l not detrimental to public interest
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- Water Rights Ps & Qs Ps ~ l point of diversion l purpose of use l place of use l priority date Qs ~ l Qa = annual quantity l Qi = instantaneous quantity
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- Water Rights Ps & Qs Ps ~ l point of diversion l purpose of use l place of use l priority date Qs ~ l Qa = annual quantity l Qi = instantaneous quantity (Can be changed only with State approval)
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- Pending Applications
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- A matter of belief ~ water as l Agriculture ~ a full property right beyond the purview of government l Cities ~ a right needed to meet the duty to serve planned growth l Environmental ~ belonging to the citizens to be held in public trust l Business ~ an affordable/timely resource for economic growth l Tribes ~ allocated by treaties and reserved for future uses l Feds ~ owned by federal projects (irrigation/hydropower/reserved)
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- The water code... l A set of general principles to be applied to the facts l 2/3 of the water code is not in statute -- it is common law (case law) l A layer cake compiled over 120 years l All uses are equal -- the only priority is first in time is first in right l Overallocation by design -- junior rights give way when water is short l Limited/no recognition of GMA, ESA, local watershed plans, public trust
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- I tell you gentlemen, you are piling up a heritage of conflict and litigation over water rights for there is not sufficient water to supply the land. JOHN WESLEY POWELL, 1834 - 1902
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- Water management challenges l Water for growing communities
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- Water management challenges l Water for growing communities l Use it or lose it what is the incentive to save water?
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- Water management challenges l Water for growing communities l Use it or lose it what is the incentive to save water? grapes onions aluminum smelters past conservation
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- Water management challenges l Water for growing communities l Use it or lose it what is the incentive to save water? l Fish short of water
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- Lower Summer Flows = Fewer Fish
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- Rainfall and Snowmelt Affect Flows flow precipitation
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- Land Use Affects Flows
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- Urbanizing land use ~ changes hydrology Annual Rainfall: 46 inches
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- Withdrawals Affect Flows
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- Withdrawals -- a large effect in small streams (Upper Crab Creek, Lincoln County) groundwater low flows surface
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- Dams Affect Flows
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- Natural Flows Before Dams (Low Water Year (1931))
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- Flows After Dam Construction (Low water years) 1977 1931
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- Water management challenges l Water for growing communities l Use it or lose it what is the incentive to save water? l Fish short of water l Water not where/when we need it limited storage and conveyance no reuse infrastructure
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- Mark Twain (1835-1910) Water, taken in moderation, cannot hurt anybody.
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- Preferred Future (Vision) Natural resource base Water market Information-based water management Shared governance
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- Establish a natural resource base Adequate quantity/quality for properly functioning, healthy watershed Sufficient to meet esthetic, recreational and other human needs for streamflows Base is defined, established and set aside in each watershed
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- Progress with streamflows Instream flow rules Interruptible water rights Hydropower bypass/releases Public funds for water conservation Multipurpose storage Water rights acquisition
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- Market water rights l Markets replaces water allocation and permit system l Efficiencies (conserve, reuse) are driven by market forces l Simple market rules ensure fairness and address impairment l Market generates funds to support market/natural base l Basic family needs subsidized in the market
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- Water Right Changes 01-03 Biennium: Tripledproduction!
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- Ag jobs per water unit Jobs per 1000 AF l Field crops 2 l Vegetables20 l Fruits/nuts22
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- Ag water use and value Use Value l Field crops 66 28% l Vegetables 9 30 l Fruits/nuts 25 42
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- If Ag Covered Urban Needs...
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- Information-based management Monitoring of surface and ground water conditions Measurement and reporting of all water use Market information is readily available to all parties Clearly defined water rights, fully adjudicated
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- (6,800) (48,000) (3,600) (170,000)
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- Shared governance Water management responsibilities divided among governments State governance role with the natural resource base, and tribal/federal relationships Local governance role with the market, linked to land use decisions
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- If you dont have enough water you have to make water ~ you have to make water ~ l Use water efficiently water conservation water reuse l Store water -- for when needed l Move water -- shared supplies, conveyance systems, markets
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- Local watershed choices Theres enough in the stream/ground to meet future and fish needs OR We can stretch what we have and what we get each year (e.g., share the pain/gain) OR We need to actively manage our water supplies to meet the needs
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- Columbia River Basin
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- The Columbia Rivers Economic Significance Annual Value Agriculture$5 billion Electricity$2 billion Transportation$100s of millions Recreation$10s of millions Fishing$10s of millions
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- National Research Council Salmon populations at < 10 % Many variables affect salmon, including water temperature and velocity Water use affects temperature and velocity, and will likely increase Current water withdrawals have noticeable effects in July/August Increased water use during Jul/Aug could pose substantial risk to salmon
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- Program objectives Meet the water supply needs Reduce the risk to fish
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- How much water do we need?
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- What water is needed? Over 20 years 500,000 - 750,000 acre-ft / yr 2/3 for communities 1/3 for fish
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- Where will the water come from?
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- Where will it come from? Water Use Efficiency
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- Where will it come from? Water Use Efficiency Conservation: conveyance/on farm
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- Where will it come from? Water Use Efficiency Conservation: conveyance/on farm Existing storage and conveyance
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- Where will it come from? Water Use Efficiency Conservation: conveyance/on farm Existing storage and conveyance New, multipurpose storage (future)
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- How do we make the water available?
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- A State Water Bank Reserves for fish and existing interruptible rights Deposits lead to new permits, by processing pending applications Also serve as water market
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- Where will the money come from?
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- How do we fund the program? A combination of ~ state public funding state public funding private water user fees private water user fees
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- How do we fund the program? State public funding Water to establish the bank
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- How do we fund the program? State public funding Water to establish the bank Water for fish
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- How do we fund the program? Water user fees Repay a portion of state funding
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- How do we fund the program? Water user fees Repay a portion of state funding Expand the bank
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- How do we fund the program? Public benefits + economic potential warrant public investment warrant public investment allow for reasonable user fees allow for reasonable user fees
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- Climate change = less snow April 1 Columbia Basin Snow Extent
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- 1928 2000 The South Cascade glacier retreated dramatically in the 20th century Courtesy of the USGS glacier group
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- Snake River at Ice Harbor Reduced summer flows less water for irrigation, fish, hydro Increased winter flows more hydropower production
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- Mission Meet current and future water needs for people, farms and fish