water & i

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Water

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Water&

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Copyright © 2008

Centre for Environmental Research and Education (CERE)

ISBN 978-81-902018-0-3

PUBLISHER - Centre for Environmental Research

and Education (CERE)

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may becopied, transmitted or reproduced in a retrieval

system in any form or by any means without prior

permission of the Publisher.

This booklet is printed using environmentally-friendly

materials. The inks used are vegetable oil-based inks and

the paper is wood-free and chlorine-free.

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It can float, fly or fall, is found on land, inthe oceans and the sky. In what I eat and

drink – in fact, in every part of me!

It’s the most needed, most wasted, most

common substance on Earth! Available for a price and for free.

It is worshipped and feared. It is life giving as

well as death causing.

It is WATER !!

Water is Life; yet over 1.1 billion people in the

world have no access to safe drinking water and

over 2.6 billion lack basic sanitation. One-fifth of

India’s population (200 million people) do not

have access to safe drinking water, and 600

million lack basic sanitation.

D I D Y

O U

KNOW...

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How I use water...

Food

Irrigation /

agriculture

Industry

Recreation Power

Humanneeds

Water makes up 60 to 70% (by weight)

of all living organisms. D I D Y

O U KNOW...

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...and how I affect it

EffluentsSewage

Oil spillsWastedisposal

Depletion

Pesticides/insecticides

About 80% of pollution to the marine

environment comes from land-based sources. D I

D Y

O U KNOW...

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MY RELATIONSHIP

WITH WATER

Water for humans: Water

is the a basic component

of each cell and essential

for my existence. It keeps

my body temperature at

36.8 °C, forms part of my

blood, helps carry oxygen

and nutrients to my cells and removes waste

material from my body.

A person can survive without food for

more than 30 days, but less than a week

without water. D I D Y

O U KNOW...

A family in a slum has to make

do with 5 - 10 litres of water

per person per day while a

middle income or high income

family uses 125 to 300 litres of water per person per day.FACT

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Water keeps me clean and healthy, I use

water to cook my food, wash my utensils,

clean my house, water my plants, wash myscooter and flush

the toilet. I use it

for recreation like

swimming, sailing,

fishing and a hostof other water

related activities.

How much water do I use everyday?

Toilet flushing 22.75

A short shower 114

Tub bath 159

Brushing teeth 9Washing dishes with running water 137

Washing dishes with a basin 56

Using the dishwasher 91

All figures are in litres

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Water for agriculture:

Imagine a water canal

10 meters deep, 100

meters wide, and 7.1

million kilometers in

length - long enough to

encircle the globe 180

times. That is theamount of water used each year to produce

food for today’s 6.5 billion people.

Water as an animal and plant habitat:

From a small fresh water pond to the vast

Pacific Ocean, almost every water body

found on Earth is an important habitat for

plants and animals. Life began in water and

even today half the

world’s creatures live

under water, from the

oceans and seas to

freshwater habitats

like lakes and rivers.

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Water for industry and

power production: All

industrial units, from

mega steel plants to

small paper mills utilise

water, either in their processes or for the

disposal of by-products. This is one of the

main reasons why traditionally industrial belts have developed along river banks.

Water is also an important component in

power production. River water is harnessed to

produce hydroelectricity while the oceans andtides are used to produce energy. Thermal

power plants also need vast volumes of water

when they produce electricity.

9

When you consume 1 kg of grain, youeffectively consume the 1,000 litres of water

needed to grow that grain. When you consume

1 kg of beef, you are consuming the 16,000 litres

of water needed to produce that amount of meat.

So if India exports 1 tonne of any cereal, it

amounts to exporting 1,000 tonnes of water.

D I D Y

O U KNOW...

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In Hinduism, water from the Ganga is used tocleanse and purify any place or object. Bathing

in the river is believed to wash away one’s sins.

Water and religion: Water has a central

place in the practices and beliefs of many

religions for two main reasons. Firstly, water

cleanses, washing away impurities.

Secondly, water is a primary building block

of life but also has the power to destroy.

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The Chinese believed that four Dragon Kingsruled over the seas in the north, east, south and

west. These Dragon Kings could adopt humanforms, and lived in crystal palaces guarded by

shrimps and crabs.

In Buddhist funerals, water is poured into a bowl and placed before the monks and the dead

body. As it fills and flows over the edge, the

monks recite, “ Just as the rains fill rivers and

overflow into the ocean, so also may what is

given here reach the departed .”

In ancient Egypt, Hapi was God of the Nileand a deity of fertility - he provided water, food

and the annual inundation of the Nile. He wasalso known as the ‘Lord of the Fishes and Birds

of the Marshes,’ indicating that he provided these

creatures to the Egyptians along with the Nile.

Without Hapi, Egypt would have died, and so he

was often revered even above Ra, the Sun God.

Uncegila was a mighty water snake in NativeAmerican mythology. She polluted rivers and

subsequently flooded the land with salt water so

nothing could grow. Once she was killed, the sun

scorched her flesh and dried up the soil. This is

said to have created the Nebraska and Dakota

Badlands - large desert areas in the USA.

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WHERE DOES MY WATER

COMES FROM?

Two-thirds of the earth’s surface is covered

by water. Around 97.5% is saline, making

up oceans and seas. The remaining 2.5% is

freshwater of which only 0.5% is found inrivers, lakes and under the ground. The rest

is frozen in ice-caps.

Courtesy of Conservation Ontario

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Groundwater source:When rain falls on the

earth’s surface, it

seeps through the soil

to a certain depth in

the ground. This water is stored in the spaces

between the soil

particles and rocks

that form the earth’s crust. This is known as

groundwater, which we tap through our wells.

Rainfall: Rainfall is

the primary source of

fresh water, which

constantly recharges

our freshwater bodies

and groundwater

reserves. India is one

of the wettest countriesin the world with

1,170 mm of average rainfall annually. The

world’s average rainfall is about 850 mm.

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Glacier: Glaciers

are large sheets of

ice that flow down

mountains. They

cover 10% of the

world’s landmass

and store 75% of

the world’s freshwater. In India,

there are about

15,000 glaciers in the Himalayas, covering

17% of the mountain area and supporting

numerous perennial rivers such as theGanga, Brahmaputra and Indus.

The volume of ice breaking off from

the Jakobshavn glacier in Greenland

has doubled in the last few years.

Scientists say that ice holding

enough water to supply New York

city for a year now breaks away

from the glacier in a day! FACT

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HOW DOES MY USAGE OF

WATER AFFECT THE

ENVIRONMENT?

Fresh water is a limited and finite

resource. It is unevenly distributed in

time and space, and is already scarce in

many areas of the world. Humans

pollute and over-use their water sources

leading to its depletion. With a rapidly

expanding human population,industrialisation and the growing

demands of modern society, water

resources are under threat. Fresh water is

indispensable, which is why many

people predict that future wars will befought over water.

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Industrialndustrial

Municipalunicipal

Constructiononstruction

Landfillandfill Transportationransportation

Stormwatetormwater

Agriculturalgricultural

Industrial

Municipal

Construction

Landfill Transportation

Stormwater

Agricultural

Sourcesourcesof waterf water

pollutionollution

Sourcesof water

pollution

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Agriculture: The

methods used by

farmers to plant, irrigate

and maintain their crops

influence the quality of

water sources. Intensive

cultivation of crops and

the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides pollute surface and groundwater sources.

Pesticides used on fields, golf courses and

lawns - run off into local ponds and rivers or

seep down into groundwater, contaminatingthe fresh water that fish live in and the water

we drink.

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Waste Water

a) Sewage: Our

rivers and oceans are

treated as sewers. We

release sewage into

our water bodies

directly, without

treatment. In Indiathe main source of river pollution is city

sewage. In large metropolises like New

Delhi, 3.6 billion tonnes of sewage are

dumped into rivers daily. It is estimated

that some 30,000 million litres of pollutantsenter our river systems every day.

When we take medicines, we eventually

excrete the drugs, sending the compounds

into the sewage system. Unfortunately, most

wastewater treatment facilities are not equipped to

filter out chemicals, and a large portion passes

right back into our freshwater sources.

D I D Y

O U KNOW...

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b) Domestic waste water: We pollute our

water bodies when we do laundry, wash our

hands, brush our teeth, bathe or do anythingthat uses water. Domestic wastes like

detergent, bleach, hair dye and mouthwash

all go down the drain into our water sources.

Of the 17,600 million litres of wastewater

generated in the country every day, only

4,000 million litres are treated. D I D Y

O U KNOW...

Eutrophication is the enrichment of an aquatic

system by the addition of nutrients. This is primarily

caused by pollution, when phosphorus or nitrogen

containing compounds enter small water bodies.

Some algae and blue-green bacteria thrive on these

nutrients leading to a population explosion called analgal bloom. Such an explosive growth of one species

slowly causes the death of all other aquatic flora and

fauna due to dissolved oxygen limitations. However,

such an imbalance is usually unsustainable in natural

ecosystems and soon the populations in bloom also

crash. Thus, water pollutants can slowly kill an entire

aquatic system by the process of eutrophication.

IMPACT OF POLLUTION ON WATER

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Factories and thermal power plants release

water that has been used as part of their

cooling process into nearby streams and other

water bodies. This heated water raises the

temperature of the water body and affects the aquatic

life in the water. This is known as thermal pollution.

D I D Y

O

U KNOW...

Industries: Industrial

manufacturing and waste

disposal systems cause thecontamination of water

sources. Ever day, 10,000

million litres of pollutants

enter our river systems

from industrial units alone.With industrial development on the rise,

industrial pollution accounts for 33% of the

total pollution as against 20% a decade ago.

Chemical, industrial and radioactive wastesare stored deep in the ground. Often, to save

money, they are stored improperly and leach

into the groundwater supply making it unfit

for use.

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Oil spills: Oil spills

like the 1989 Exxon

Valdez spill along thecoast of Alaska cause

major long term water

pollution and problems

for local wildlife,

fishermen and coastalcommunities.

The problems of oil pollution goes far

beyond oil spills. Each year, road runoff and

other non-spill sources send about 21 million barrels of oil to the oceans, which is 5 times

more than the Valdez spill.

The Exxon Valdez oil spill killedover 2,50,000 birds, 2,800 Sea

Otters, 300 Harbour Seals, 250

Bald Eagles and upto 22 Killer

Whales. Even today, the marine

ecosystem has not recovered.

FACT

R u s s i a n D o o r s / M a r i n e P h o t o b a n k

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Globally, about 10,00,000 seabirds and

1,00,000 marine mammals (including

30,000 seals) and turtles are killed by

plastic marine litter every year.

D I D Y

O U KNOW...

Disposal of Garbage:

Six million tonnes of

debris enter our oceans every year.

Today, every major

river in the world is

polluted. However, we still continue treating

our water bodies as easily accessible, free-to-use dumpsites, hoping that our garbage will

just flow away into oblivion. It never does.

During the Ganesh Chaturthi festival,

1.5 lakh idols of Ganesh are immersedinto Mumbai's sea. The idols are made

from non-biodegradable, hazardous

materials like Plaster of Paris and coated

with toxic paints containing mercury,

cadmium, lead and carbon. The same

happens during Durga Puja immersions.

FACT

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Unsustainable Use

of Water: As our

population grows, thedemand for water

increases and

eventually leads to

the drying up of lakes

and reservoirs and thedepletion of ground

water sources.

The depletion of

groundwater sources is both an urban and a rural problem. Unregulated

removal of groundwater by farmers, industries

and home-owners has caused the water table to

drop drastically in recent years.

The existing law says “the person who owns

the land, owns the groundwater beneath”.

This means that a person can buy one square

metre of land and pump out all the groundwater

of the surrounding areas without breaking the law.

Is this correct?

D I D Y

O

U KNOW...

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Draining of water

bodies and wetlands

for developmentprojects: Nearly all

of the world’s river

systems have been

altered by human

activities. River modifications and excessivewater withdrawals have contributed to and

aggravated drought conditions in arid areas

throughout the world. The conversion of

wetlands to agricultural and urban land has

reduced their capacity to soak up and storeexcess water during the rainy season.

TEASE SBRainR

M a n g r o v e s .

I protect coastal regions from the sea andcyclones and also serve as a nursery for

three-fourths of all commercial fish. What am I?

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Dams: Dams are built

to provide both

hydropower andirrigation water and to

regulate river flow to

prevent floods and

droughts. Hydroelectricity accounts for 24.8%

of India’s power and 96% of India’s damshave been built to provide irrigation water.

But dams have a detrimental impact on the

environment. Large dams in India have been

the subject of controversy epitomised by theSardar Sarovar Project (SSP).

In 1947, there were fewer than

300 large dams in India. By

2004, there were 4,300 large

dams. India ranks third in the

world in dam building, after the

US and China. FACT

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Large dams have a poor record.

Large dams lead to the loss of forests, wildlifehabitats and biodiversity. The Central Water

Commission reports that dams have submerged

over 50 lakh hectares of forests in India.

Dams destroy large tracts of fertile landthrough salinity and waterlogging. In India,

this problem has affected 30 to 60 lakhhectares of agricultural land.

Large dams are expensive. In Rajasthan, theorganisation Tarun Bharat Sangh has helped

villagers build or restore earthern embankments

or small dams. Their irrigation cost is Rs. 500 per hectare, while supplying one hectare with

irrigation from the SSP will cost Rs. 1,70,000.

Dams have displaced about 42 million peoplein India since independence. Of these, 62%

are tribals or members of the schedule castes.

Dams do not fulfil power generation andirrigation water estimates.

There are better, cheaper and less

destructive alternatives to large dams,

whether to meet our energy or water needs.

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The River-Linking Project (RLP) in India proposes

to link 14 Himalayan rivers in the north and 16

peninsular rivers in the south.

A number of leading environmentalists say that the

project could be an ecological disaster. It wouldcause a total loss of 8,000 sq. km. of land entailing

a loss of forests, biodiversity, reduction in

downstream flows, damage to fisheries and wild

life, displacement of people, conflicts over water

sharing and pressure created on land by millions of

cubic tonnes of water that might cause seismictremors. RLP is also a linking of pollution. Not to

forget the Rs. 5,60,000 crores needed for the project.

No feasibility studies, detailed project reports or

realistic estimates of costs have been prepared for

this huge project as yet.

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HOW DOES

WATER AFFECT ME?

Water-related diseases kill more than

5 million people each year. About 2.3 billion people suffer from diseases

linked to dirty water. Some 60% of

all infant mortality worldwide is

linked to infectious and parasitic

diseases, most of them water-related.

FA C T

Health: Dirty water

kills. The public

health implications of unclean water are

enormous. The lack

of wastewater treatment and drainage

facilities, and release of chemicals from

industrial, mining and agricultural practices

pollute our ground and surface water

resources. Contaminated water can cause

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Sukinda valley in Orissa and Vapi in

Maharashtra are among the 10 most

polluted spots on the planet. Around 70% of the

surface water and 60% of the drinking water in

Sukinda, a chromite ore mining area, is polluted.

The groundwater in Vapi, an industrial area,

contains 96 times higher mercury than the

prescribed safety norm.

D

I D Y

O U KNOW...

diseases like gastroenteritis, typhoid,

hepatitis, dysentery and cholera. It can also

lead to poisoning by drinking contaminatedwater or eating seafood that comes from

polluted waters.

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BOTTLED WATER

India is the 10th largest bottled water consumer in the world. People buy bottled

water thinking it is safer than other sources.

This industry is directly linked to apathytowards the environment - the more we

pollute our water sources, the higher thesales of bottled water.

The demand for bottled water has increasedfrom 2 million cases in 1990 to 68 million

cases in 2006. Most bottling plants depend on

groundwater, creating a huge water stress inthe areas where they operate.

Cost of producing 1 litre branded bottled drinking water*

Cap Rs 0.25Bottle Rs 1.50 - 2.50Treatment Rs 0.10 - 0.25

Label Rs 0.15 - 0.25Carton Rs 0.50Transportation Rs 0.10 - 0.25Others (tapa and case) Rs 0.25Total cost (excluding labor,marketing and tax) Rs 2.85 - 4.25

Selling cost Rs 10.0 - 12.0

* The prices are indicative. Compiled during 2003-2004.

S o u r c e : C o m p i l e d f r o m a n u m b e r

o f s o u r c e s b y C S E .

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Water Shortages:

India is depleting its

groundwater so fastthat water scarcity

could threaten entire

regions, drive people

off their land and stunt

India’s ability to feeditself.

Water is scarce in most parts of our country.

In many villages, women walk several

kilometres to collect a few pots of water. In

many urban areas water is available only for

a few hours a day.

Water scarcity is also a source of political

tension between several states in India.

Tamil Nadu and Karnataka are arguing over the sharing of the Cauvery waters.

Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat

continue to fight over the allocation of the

Narmada waters.

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Loss of Wildlife and Biodiversity: Over-

exploiting of marine resources for food,

pollution of our water resources, dammingof rivers and

draining of

wetlands and

water bodies

have had at r e m e n d o u s

impact on

wildlife and

biodiversity. Few species can survive such

dramatically altered aquatic environments.

By 2050, 1 in 4 people will

live in countries affected by

chronic or recurrent shortages

of freshwater. By 2050, nearly

7 billion people in 60 countries

will face water scarcity.

The Smooth-coated Otter population in

India is rapidly declining. The greatest threat to

its survival is the rapid depletion of the wetlands. D I D Y

O U KNOW...

F AC T

M a r i n e P h o t o b a n k

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WATER AND

CLIMATE CHANGE

“The most significant impact of climate

change is expected in respect to availability of

water ”, states Dr. R K Pachauri, Nobel Peace

Prize recipient 2007 as Chairman of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

Fresh Water Woes

Several areas of the world are already water

stressed. The situation could worsen due to

changes in precipitation patterns, increasing

salinity of groundwater due to a rise in sea

levels and decreased river flow due to

melting of glaciers.

Sea Level Rise

As the water temperatures in the oceans riseand the seas become less dense, they will

spread, occupying more surface area on the

planet. As mountain glaciers and polar ice

caps melt, sea levels will further rise

threatening island nations and coastal areas.

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Recent research points out that 4% of

global warming is due to dams. This estimate was

published by Ivan Lima from Brazil’s National

Institute for Space Research. Lima’s calculations

estimate that the world’s 52,000 large dams

produce approximately 104 million metric tonnes

of methane each year due to the rotting of organicmaterial in the reservoirs.

D I D Y

O

U KNOW...

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MAKING OUR USE OF

WATER MORE SUSTAINABLE

Conserve water: Use only what is requiredin our homes and offices as well as in

agriculture, irrigation and industries.

Recharge water sources through rainwater harvesting and regulate the amount of water

pumped from our groundwater sources.

Rainwater harvesting means collecting

rainwater and storing it. It arrests

groundwater depletion, raises the decliningwater table and augments water supply.

Fresh water sources must not be polluted:Industrial effluents, domestic wastewater

and sewage must be treated properly before being discharged. Over-exploitation of

marine resources needs to be strictly

regulated.

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Generate new sources: Desalination of seawater may solve our water problems in

the future. However, no large scale andcheap technology is presently available.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

Change (IPCC) predicts that water suppliesstored in glaciers and snow cover are projected to

decline, reducing water availability in regions

dependent on glacier melt, where more than one-

sixth of the world population currently lives. The

Gangotri Glacier that feeds the Ganga has receded

by over 14 km in the last century alone.

D I

D Y

O U KNOW...

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Improve agricultural practices that help toconserve water: Mulching is the application

of organic or inorganic material to the soil.This slows down surface run-off, improves

soil moisture, reduces evaporation losses

and improves soil fertility. Use of efficient

watering systems such as drip irrigation and

sprinklers also reduce water consumption.

Minimise dependence on large projects:Mini-hydropower plants, that produce

between 100kW and 1MW are more

economical to build and operate; plus have

minimal impacts on the environment.

When you pour used motor oil into gutters

or drains or onto the ground it seeps into

the soil. A litre of motor oil that seeps into

groundwater can pollute 11,37,500 litres

of drinking water.

D I D Y

O U

KNOW...

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HANDY TIPS

Try to do one thing each day that will result

in saving water. Don’t worry if the savings

are minimal, every drop counts!

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IN YOUR HOME & GARDEN

Use only as much water as you require.Close the taps tightly after use.

Don’t leave the tap running when you

brush your teeth or wash your face.

Fix any leaking taps and toilet tanks.

Use a bucket while bathing instead of ashower or take a short shower.

When washing the car, use water from a

bucket and not a hose pipe.

Avoid flushing the toilet unnecessarily.

Correctly dispose of hazardous household

products. Keep paints, used oil, cleaning

solvents and other hazardous household

chemicals out of drains, sinks and toilets.

Fewer concrete and asphalt surfaces help

the soil absorb more water and regenerate

groundwater.Practise Rainwater Harvesting.

Maintain septic systems properly.

Form a group of water-conscious people

and encourage others to join.

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The word Rajasthan evokes

visions of dry parched

riverbeds and hot arid lands.

All that has now changed

due to Rajendra Singh, the

founder of Tarun Bharat

Sangh. The organisation has

worked tirelessly to make

many regions of Rajasthan drought-free.

Rajendra Singh’s journey began in Gopalpura, a

small village in Alwar district, where he built a

johad , a small earthen check dam. The next year

the village wells had water even in the summer.

Following this success, another johad was builtthat resulted in the Arvari River, dead for 40 years,

to flow again. To date 4,500 johads have been built

in 800 villages in Rajasthan, bringing back to life

the Ruparel, Bhagwani, Sarsa and Jahajwali rivers.

In 2005, Rajendra Singh also established a water

university called Tarun Jal Vidyapeeth in Alwar

district. The University aims to help farmers

better understand the intricacies of effective

water management and evolve financially-

viable, socially-acceptable and ecologically-

sustainable solutions to water crises.

SUCCESS STORY

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AT SCHOOL & AT WORK

Conserve water at home, at school and atwork.

Organise a tree planting activity.

Spread the message of water conservation.

WHEN TRAVELLING

Do not buy bottled water; carry what you

need for the journey from home.

Do not throw garbage into freshwater

sources like rivers when on picnics.

Do not use plastic bags to throw pujaofferings (nirmalya) into the sea. Better

still, like many temples you can also

compost your puja offerings to use as an

organic fertiliser in your garden.

It takes about 3 litres

of groundwater to

make one litre of

bottled water. FA CT

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Shree Padre

“Those who know the

value of water call it as

‘jeevjal’. It is the basis of

life. If somebody were

asked to point fingers at

the major reason for the

water crisis, the finger would turn to each oneof us. The root of the problem lies with each

one of us disowning our responsibilities

towards water ”, writes Shree Padre in his book

Rain Water Harvesting.

His forum Jalakoota documents details of successful rainwater harvesting initiatives that

he conveys to thousands of farmers in

Karnataka and Kerala who have benefited from

his articles and campaigns. He is popularly

known as the ' Rain Man of Canara Coast '

having written 10 books, conducted more than

450 slide shows and traveled 30,000 kms to

spread the message of rainwater harvesting to

people. “If water scarcity splits people, rain

harvesting brings them together” says Shree

Padre.

SUCCESS STORY

LEGISLATION

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LEGISLATION

1860 - Indian Penal Code, Under Section 277 any person

fouling water of public spring or reservoir is to be penalised.

1974 - The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution)

Act: Provides for prevention and control of water pollution

and maintaining or restoring wholesomeness of water. It

establishes standards for water quality and effluents.

Polluting industries must seek permission to dischargewaste into effluent bodies. The Central Pollution Control

Board (CPCB) was constituted under this Act.

1977 - The Water Cess Act: Central and State

Governments have to provide funds for CPCB and SPCBs

for implementing provisions of the Act.

1986 - Environment Protection Act: authorises the

Central Government to protect the environment to maintain

certain water quality standards and prevent water pollution.

Ground water legislation: The Central Ground Water

Authority has been constituted under Section 3 (3) of the

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 to regulate and controldevelopment and management of ground water resources in

India.

Rain Water Harvesting Legislation: This has been

enacted in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Uttar

Pradesh.

IMPORTANT RESOURCES

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IMPORTANT RESOURCES

WEBSITES:http://www.envis.nic.in

The Environmental Information Service providesinformation on a whole range of environmental issues.

http://www.cse.org

The Centre for Science and Environment website is an

excellent resource for environmental issues and possible solutions.

http://www.indianwaterportal.org

This website has a a good database of information and

data covering various water-related issues in India.

http://www.worldwatercouncil.org

This website is an international network of water specialists and organisations that has information on world

water issues.

http://www.icran.org

The International Coral Reef Action Network coversissues and information about coral reefs around the world.

http://www.ioinst.org

The International Ocean Institute website is dedicated to preserving the health of the world’s oceans.

IMPORTANT RESOURCES

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IMPORTANT RESOURCES

ORGANISATIONS:Water Resource Management: Tarun Bharat Sangh

Tel: +91-1465-225043

Email: [email protected]

Website: http://www.tarunbharatsangh.org

Information: Eureka Forbes Institute of Environment

Tel: +91-22-2430 1725Email: [email protected]

Website: http://www.eurekaforbes.com

Marine Conservation: Reefwatch


Website: http://www.reefwatch.org

Rainwater Harvesting: KRG Rainwater Harvesting

Foundation

Tel: +91-44- 2621 5060/554 93117


Website: http://www.krg-rainwater.com

For information, contact:

Centre for Environmental Research and Education


Website: www.cere-india.org

8/6/2019 Water & I


RECHARGE

REPLENISH

RE JUVENATERE VITALISE

RESPECT

Water

ISBN 978-81-902018-0-3

PRICE Rs. 50/-

PRINTED IN INDIA

8/6/2019 Water & I


The Centre for Environmental Research and

Education (CERE) is a Mumbai-based non-profit

organisation that works to promote environmental

sustainability.

This Series of 6 Information Booklets on

Environmental Sustainability includes the titles:

Waste & I

Water & I

Energy & I

Biodiversity & ICitizenship & I

Climate Change & I

water & i

Documents