GROUNDWATER /WATER GROUNDWATER /WATER CYCLECYCLE

•The water cycle involves the process of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.

•Eventually, the water vapor Eventually, the water vapor changes back into tiny droplets of changes back into tiny droplets of waterwater. •It condenses, or changes from a It condenses, or changes from a gas to a liquid. gas to a liquid.

•When the droplets become large When the droplets become large and heavy enough, they fall back and heavy enough, they fall back to Earth as rain or other to Earth as rain or other precipitation. precipitation.

•Heat from the Sun causes water Heat from the Sun causes water on Earth’s surface to evaporate, on Earth’s surface to evaporate, or change from a liquid to a gas, or change from a liquid to a gas, and rise into the atmosphere as and rise into the atmosphere as water vapor. water vapor.

Multiple ChoiceMultiple Choice1.1.In the water In the water cyclecycle, evaporated , evaporated

water ___water ___A) A) Precipitates as rain or snowPrecipitates as rain or snow

C) Becomes groundwaterC) Becomes groundwater

B) Runs into lakes, streams, and B) Runs into lakes, streams, and oceans oceans

D) Condenses into cloudsD) Condenses into clouds

Answer D) Condenses into Answer D) Condenses into cloudsclouds

Water PollutionWater Pollution•Air pollutants can drift into water Air pollutants can drift into water or be washed out of the sky by or be washed out of the sky by rain.rain.

•Rain can wash land pollutants Rain can wash land pollutants into waterways. into waterways.

•Pollution also enters water when Pollution also enters water when people dump litter or waste people dump litter or waste materials into rivers, lakes, and materials into rivers, lakes, and oceansoceans.

•Some water pollutants poison Some water pollutants poison fish and other wildlife, and can fish and other wildlife, and can be harmful to people who swim be harmful to people who swim in or drink the water. in or drink the water.

•For example, chemical pesticides For example, chemical pesticides and fertilizers sprayed on and fertilizers sprayed on farmland can harm the insects farmland can harm the insects that fish, turtles, or frogs rely on that fish, turtles, or frogs rely on for food.for food.

Surface Surface WaterWater

•Raw sewage and excess fertilizer Raw sewage and excess fertilizer contain large amounts of contain large amounts of nitrogennitrogen.

•Algal blooms are another water Algal blooms are another water pollution problem.pollution problem.

•If they are washed into a lake or If they are washed into a lake or pond, they can cause the rapid pond, they can cause the rapid growth of algae.growth of algae.

•Fish and other organisms can die Fish and other organisms can die from a lack of oxygen in the water from a lack of oxygen in the water

•If they are washed into a lake or If they are washed into a lake or pond, they can cause the rapid pond, they can cause the rapid growth of algae.growth of algae.

GroundwaterGroundwater

•Groundwater is water that Groundwater is water that collects between particles of soil collects between particles of soil and rock.and rock. • It comes from precipitation and It comes from precipitation and

runoff that soaks into the soil.runoff that soaks into the soil.

•This water can flow slowly This water can flow slowly through permeable layers of rock through permeable layers of rock called aquifers.called aquifers.

•If this water comes into contact If this water comes into contact with pollutants as it moves with pollutants as it moves through the soil and into an through the soil and into an aquifer, the aquifer could become aquifer, the aquifer could become polluted.polluted.•Pollution can affect water that Pollution can affect water that seeps underground. seeps underground.

•Polluted groundwater is difficult—Polluted groundwater is difficult—and sometimes impossible—to and sometimes impossible—to clean.clean.

Complete the statementComplete the statement

2. Water pollution can be caused 2. Water pollution can be caused by pesticides and______ used on by pesticides and______ used on farms.farms.

FertilizersFertilizers

AnswerAnswer

1

23

4

Short AnswerShort Answer

3. Describe how Earth’s 3. Describe how Earth’s biosphere cycles water over biosphere cycles water over and over.and over.

Water evaporates then forms Water evaporates then forms clouds turns to rain and runs off to clouds turns to rain and runs off to

surface water and evaporates surface water and evaporates again.again.

Answer Answer

Use the circle graph to answer Use the circle graph to answer the following questions.the following questions.

nitrogennitrogen

oxygenoxygen

Water vaporWater vapor0.0 to 0.0 to

4.0 pct.4.0 pct.

21 pct21 pct

78 pct78 pct

4. About what percent of 4. About what percent of Earth’s atmosphere does water Earth’s atmosphere does water

vapor make up?vapor make up?

0.0 to 4.0 percent0.0 to 4.0 percent

AnswerAnswer

State the effects that would result in the following

situations.5. If farming area allowed no 5. If farming area allowed no pesticides, what are 2 effects pesticides, what are 2 effects you might see?you might see?

Answer Crops might suffer Answer Crops might suffer more damage from insects, but more damage from insects, but the soil and water would be less the soil and water would be less polluted.polluted.

EssayEssay

State the effects that would State the effects that would result in the following result in the following

situations.situations.

EssaEssayy

6. Explain how air pollution 6. Explain how air pollution and land pollution can cause and land pollution can cause water pollution.water pollution.

Answer Rain can wash air Answer Rain can wash air pollution into water, air pollution into water, air pollutants can drift into water, pollutants can drift into water, and rain can wash land and rain can wash land pollutants into water.pollutants into water.