The Water CycleThe Water Cycle

TermsTerms

Hydrological CycleHydrological Cycle TranspirationTranspiration PrecipitationPrecipitation Water TableWater Table CondensationCondensation

InfiltrationInfiltration PercolationPercolation WatershedWatershed RunoffRunoff EvaporationEvaporation AquifersAquifers

Origin of Earth’s WaterOrigin of Earth’s Water

Aristotle thought rivers, like the Nile, were Aristotle thought rivers, like the Nile, were supplied by rain and snow alonesupplied by rain and snow alone

Mid 1600’s – scientists able to accurately Mid 1600’s – scientists able to accurately measure amount of water supplied by measure amount of water supplied by rain/snow into flowing riversrain/snow into flowing rivers 5x more than water than rivers carry off5x more than water than rivers carry off Where is all the water come from and where Where is all the water come from and where

does it go?does it go?

Water CycleWater Cycle

Continuous movement of water from the Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the Earth’s surface and atmosphere to the Earth’s surface and back againback again

Called the “water cycle” or “hydrologic Called the “water cycle” or “hydrologic cycle”cycle”

EvaporationEvaporation

Process of liquid water changing into Process of liquid water changing into water vaporwater vapor

500,000 km500,000 km33 of water evaporates from the of water evaporates from the surface in one yearsurface in one year

86% of evaporated water comes from 86% of evaporated water comes from oceansoceans

TranspirationTranspiration

Process of plants giving off water vapor Process of plants giving off water vapor into atmosphereinto atmosphere

Example of transpiration: Example of transpiration: when a plant or when a plant or a tree releases water into the atmosphere a tree releases water into the atmosphere from tiny openings in its leavesfrom tiny openings in its leaves

EvapotranspirationEvapotranspiration

The total processes of liquid water The total processes of liquid water entering the atmosphereentering the atmosphere

Continents lose 70,000 kmContinents lose 70,000 km33 each year each year 40,000 km40,000 km33 of water become of water become

CondensationCondensation

Process of water vapor cooling and Process of water vapor cooling and expanding and changing into liquid water expanding and changing into liquid water droplets to form cloudsdroplets to form clouds

PrecipitationPrecipitation

water falling, in a liquid or solid state, from water falling, in a liquid or solid state, from the atmosphere to Earththe atmosphere to Earth

Examples of precipitation: Examples of precipitation: rain, snow, hail, rain, snow, hail, sleet, dew, and frost.sleet, dew, and frost.

Water cycle videoWater cycle video(8 min) on overview(8 min) on overview(3 min) on global impacts(3 min) on global impacts

http://www.montereyinstitute.org/noaa/http://www.montereyinstitute.org/noaa/lesson07.htmllesson07.html

InfiltrationInfiltration

The process by which surface water The process by which surface water enters the soilenters the soil

RunoffRunoff – – water that water that flows over land flows over land into riversinto rivers

Runoff FactorsRunoff Factors

Soil CompositionSoil Composition

Larger pores in Larger pores in soil – greater soil – greater infiltrationinfiltration

Rate of precipitationRate of precipitation

Gentle Gentle precipitation can precipitation can enter all types of enter all types of soilsoil

Fast rainfall can Fast rainfall can create a lot of create a lot of runoffrunoff

Runoff FactorsRunoff Factors

VegetationVegetation

More vegetation – More vegetation – less runoffless runoff

SlopeSlope

Greater the slope Greater the slope – more runoff– more runoff

Water tableWater table

The upper surface of groundwater that has The upper surface of groundwater that has filled the spaces between the rocks above filled the spaces between the rocks above an impermeable layeran impermeable layer

WatershedWatershed

Land from which water runs off into a Land from which water runs off into a streamstream

WatershedsWatersheds

tributariestributaries

Feeder streams Feeder streams dividesdivides

High land area High land area that separates that separates watershedswatersheds

Stream Channel

The path the stream follows Changes over time due to erosion

Factors of Stream Erosion

Discharge – measurement of how much water flows past a spot in given amount of time

Headwaters – beginning of a stream Gradient – slope of the stream

Stages of a Stream/River

Youthful – fastest time of erosion, almost no tributaries

Mature – reduced erosion, well-established tributaries, meanders, and oxbow lakes Meanders – winding of low-gradient streams Oxbow lakes – lakes formed when meanders

are cut off Old – deposits its sediments from a

decrease in slope, eventually becomes a flat plain

Meanders

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=STgbHFvUMlE

GroundwaterGroundwater

AquiferAquifer

A body of rock which large amounts of A body of rock which large amounts of water can flow or be storedwater can flow or be stored

some are made of porous rock such as some are made of porous rock such as sand and gravelsand and gravel

Others made of rocks with large pore Others made of rocks with large pore spaces like sandstonespaces like sandstone

Others made of highly fractured rock like Others made of highly fractured rock like limestonelimestone

AquicludeAquiclude

Impermeable layers that block Impermeable layers that block groundwater (clay or bedrock)groundwater (clay or bedrock)

Groundwater SupplyGroundwater Supply

wellwell

Hole dug below Hole dug below the water table the water table that fills with that fills with groundwatergroundwater

springspring

Natural flow of Natural flow of groundwater to groundwater to the earth’s surfacethe earth’s surface

Artesian wellArtesian well

Water flows freely due to a difference in Water flows freely due to a difference in slopeslope

Ordinary wellsOrdinary wells

DrawdownDrawdown

Difference Difference between original between original water-table level water-table level and water level in and water level in the pumped wellthe pumped well

RechargeRecharge

Process of Process of replenishing the replenishing the water content water content taken to surfacetaken to surface

Groundwater usageGroundwater usageInteractiveInteractive

http://www.montereyinstitute.org/http://www.montereyinstitute.org/noaa/lesson07/l7la2.htm noaa/lesson07/l7la2.htm

Karlovy Vary, Czech RepublicKarlovy Vary, Czech Republic

GeysersGeysers

How a geyser formsHow a geyser forms

https://https://www.youtube.comwww.youtube.com/watch?/watch?v=X4zA_YPCyHsv=X4zA_YPCyHs

Old FaithfulOld Faithful

https://https://www.youtube.comwww.youtube.com/watch?/watch?v=LWrklFuYnb0v=LWrklFuYnb0

Bill Nye’s Water CycleBill Nye’s Water Cycle

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G6FpOdSVeIUv=G6FpOdSVeIU