water and sanitation cold weather leader training
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Wa t e r a n d S a n i t a ti o n
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Wa t e r
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• Having plenty of water will prevent
dehydration.
• Winter environment can be similar to a
desert. Water not in usable form.
• Each camper needs to drink 2 – 3 quarts
of water per day to prevent dehydration.
S a f e D r i n k i n g Wa t e r
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• 1 pint water bottle w/ pouch
• Silo water bottles
• Kettle
• Water buckets
• Thermos
Wa t e r C o n t a i n e r s
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• Snow – time consuming
• Ratio of air to water in snow can be as high as 16
parts air to 1 part water.
• Ice – more efficient than snow
• Liquid Water from lakes/streams – most
efficient
All water must come from a safe source or be treated if uncertain.
Wa t e r S o u r c e s
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• Preferred method: Boiling
• Chemical treatments not recommended due
to slow reaction times
• It’s too cold!
• To be considered safe, it needs to be at a
rolling boil for a minimum of 1 minute.
• Cool before using.
Wa t e r Tr e a t m e n t
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• Alcohol is not permitted at Scouting events.
• Alcohol – doesn’t freeze at 32 degrees
• Alcohol causes frostbite to throat if super
cold
• Alcohol is a vasodilator – can give you a
false sense of warmth
• Nicotine – Is a vasoconstrictor.
A l c o h o l a n d N i c o ti n e
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• Caffeine – Is a diuretic.
• Can contribute to dehydration
• Use decaffeinated coffee or limit the
amount of coffee consumed.
C a ff e i n e
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S a n i t a ti o n
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• Hand sanitation is important even in the
winter.
• Particularly after dealing with waste.
• Hand sanitizer or alcohol wipes can be used
if kept warm.
• Minimize hand exposure, particularly during
cold, windy days.
• Prevent chapping/frost bite.
H a n d Wa s h i n g
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F o o d H a n d l i n g
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ing• Cooks wash hands
• Prevent food contamination with dirt, water, strong
odors, people’s dirty hands.
• Use perishable foods very quickly.
• Don’t save leftovers – eat it or pack it out
• Be cautious of animals – raccoons, gray jays, etc.
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• OKPIK – Each individual cleans their personal bowls, cups, spoons (sumping).
• Due to below freezing temperatures minimal worries about personal dishes being a source of contamination.
• Oven bags used in pot to prevent pot from getting dirty.
• If concerned, use boiling water as a disinfectant.
D i s h w a s h i n g
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• Extra fruit drink, cocoa, coffee or any
colored liquid should be drunk.
• If poured on snow it will leave a stain.
• Pour it down a dead tree trunk or large
boulder if it must be disposed.
D i s p o s i n g Wa s t e Wa t e r
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• Urine – Urinate away from trails, camp, and
water sources.
• No snow cover – find a rock or bare ground
to urinate on.
• In a snow environment – find a pee tree for
all to use.
D i s p o s i n g H u m a n Wa s t e
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• Use a Cathole
o 200 feet away from trails, camp, and water sources.
o No snow cover – standard cat hole.
o In a snow environment – dig down though the snow to the ground, do your business, and cover with snow.
o Pack out your toilet paper in your garbage bag
D i s p o s i n g H u m a n Wa s t e
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• Packing it out
• Required in some pristine environments such as
deserts, canyons, caves, alpine tundra, and
glaciers.
• These are places waste might not decompose
readily.
• Check with land managers as to how to deal with
packed out human waste.
D i s p o s i n g H u m a n Wa s t e
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