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FSG 7016WATER- and DUSTPROOF HANDHELD UHF/AM

TRANSCEIVER incl. VOX FUNCTION

Operator's Manual applies for FSG 7016, article no F10165

Before operating the Transceiver, please read this manual thoroughly!

Please observe the Safety Information!

Keep for future use!

Document No. OM 030/1.00-E

Article No. D10011

Revision No. 7

Date of Issue November 2009

Dittel Messtechnik GmbH Avionics Division Erpftinger Straße 36 86899 Landsberg Germany Telephone +49 (0)8191 / 3351-0 Fax +49 (0)8191 / 3351-49 e-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.dittel.com

Dittel Messtechnik GmbH is certified to DIN EN ISO 9001:2000 and DIN EN ISO 14001:2005. It is an accredited manufacturer of aeronautical equipment DE.21G.0100, maintenance facility DE.145.0245, and development facility ETSO-2C37e/ETSO-2C38e.

FSG 7016 Operator’s Manual

2 D10011 November 2009

Warranty - Copyright - Service Warranty

The details and data in this operator's manual correspond to the respective state of technology on the day of printing. We reserve our right to change without prior notice due to new technological design or corresponding new production technology. Dittel Messtechnik GmbH takes no guarantee for these documents with respect to application and interpretation. Dittel Messtechnik GmbH ("Warrantor") warrants to the purchaser of new radio equipment of the warrantor's manufacture that such equipment shall be free from defects in material and workmanship from the date of delivery. Equipment and accessory items not manufactured by the Warrantor carry the standard warranty of the manufacturer thereof.

This warranty does not cover equipment which has been 1. damaged or not maintained as reasonable and necessary, 2. modified in any way, 3. improperly installed, 4. repaired by someone other than the warrantor or an authorised

warranty avionics workshop, or 5. used in a manner or purpose for which the equipment was not

intended. This warranty shall not extend to incidental or consequential damages arising from operation of the equipment or from any claimed breach of this warranty.

Copyright 2009 Dittel Messtechnik GmbH All rights reserved. This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without prior written permission of the manufacturer Dittel Messtechnik GmbH, 86899 Landsberg, Germany. In this document no mention is made of patents, trademark rights, or other proprietary rights which may attach to certain words or entries. The absence of such mention, however, in no way implies that the words or entries in question are exempt from such rights.

Service Information Should any unusual problem arise or further information be desired, please contact your nearest DITTEL representative or the Dittel Messtechnik GmbH, Avionics Department, Erpftinger Strasse 36, 86899 Landsberg, Germany. The information in this Operator's Manual does not profess to include all the details of design, production, or variation of the equipment, or to cover all the possible contingencies which may arise during operation or maintenance. We welcome your comments concerning this Manual. Although every effort has been made to keep it free of errors, some may occur. When reporting a specific problem, please describe it briefly and include the Operator's Manual article number, paragraph or figure number, and the page number. Send your comments to Publications Department Dittel Messtechnik GmbH Erpftinger Strasse 36 86899 Landsberg am Lech Germany or via e-mail to: [email protected]

Subject to technical changes Printed in Germany

FSG 7016Operator’s Manual

November 2009 D10011 3

Table of Contents Paragraph Page

Warranty - Copyright - Service ........................................................................................................ 2

Table of Contents................................................................................................................................... 3

Abbreviations and Acronyms ............................................................................................................4

SAFETY INFORMATION.......................................................................................................................... 5

Section 1, General Description.......................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................... 7 1.2 Equipment Description ................................................................................................... 7

1.2.1 Sophisticated Programming ....................................................................................... 7 1.2.2 Modes of Operation.................................................................................................... 8

1.3 License Requirement ..................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Equipment Supplied ....................................................................................................... 9 1.5 Optional Equipment / Spares ......................................................................................... 9

Section 2, Charging and Battery Test ........................................................................................... 11 2.1 Battery Information ....................................................................................................... 11 2.2 Battery Replacement.................................................................................................... 11 2.3 Recharging the Battery using DL-5A/7016 Drop-in Charger......................................... 12 2.4 Battery Test .................................................................................................................. 13

Section 3, Windows Programming using Programming Software V2.0 ..........................15 3.1 Introduction................................................................................................................... 15 3.2 Hard- and Software Requirements ............................................................................... 15 3.3 Installation Procedure................................................................................................... 15 3.4 Control Window Command Information Instruction ...................................................... 17 3.5 Edit individual settings temporarily ............................................................................... 18 3.6 Programming the new Setting(s) .................................................................................. 18 3.7 Finishing the Reprogramming ...................................................................................... 18

Section 4, Operating Instructions...................................................................................................19 4.1 Introduction................................................................................................................... 19 4.2 Operator's Switches, Controls and Indicators .............................................................. 19 4.3 Preparation for Use ...................................................................................................... 22 4.4 Operation in the Receive (Listen) Mode....................................................................... 23 4.5 Operation in the Transmit (Talk) Mode......................................................................... 24 4.6 Matching an External Microphone................................................................................ 25 4.7 Operation using a Headset or Helmet .......................................................................... 26 4.8 Voice Controlled Transmit Operation (VOX) ................................................................ 27 4.9 Switching OFF.............................................................................................................. 27 4.10 Siting ............................................................................................................................ 28 4.11 Functional Checks........................................................................................................ 28

Section 5, Technical Summary of Transceiver FSG 7016 .......................................................29 5.1 Leading Particulars....................................................................................................... 29 5.2 Transmitter Characteristics: ......................................................................................... 29 5.3 Receiver Characteristics: ............................................................................................. 30 5.4 Physical and Environmental Data: ............................................................................... 30

Certificates ...........................................................................................................................................31



Abbreviations and Acronyms A/C Aircraft

A/N Article Number (Dittel Messtechnik GmbH)

AGC Automatic Gain Control

Ah Ampere hour

AM Amplitude Modulation

ANT Antenna

Ass'y Assembly

AWG American Wire Gauge

ccw Counterclockwise (turn left ) CH Channel

cont'd Continued

CTS Ready-to-Transmit

cw Clockwise (turn right ) dB Decibel

dia. Diameter

EMF Electromotive Force (voltage of an open circuit)

F/CH Frequency/Channel

FL Flight Level

g Acceleration due to gravity

GHz Gigahertz (1,000,000,000 Hz)

GND Ground

HI High Power

Hz Hertz

IF Intermediate Frequency

kHz Kilohertz (1,000 Hz)

LCD Liquid Crystal Display

LED Light Emitting Diode

LO Low Power

LOS Line-Of-Sight

m Modulation

mA Milliamperes (1/1000 A)

MD Mode

MHz Megahertz (1,000,000 Hz)

MIC Microphone

ms Millisecond (1/1000 sec)

mW Milliwatt (10-3 W)

NM Nautical miles (1.852 km)

nW Nanowatt (10-9 W)

PEP Peak Envelope Power

PLL Phase-Locked Loop

ppm Parts per million

PTT Push-To-Talk

pW Picowatt (10-12 W)

PWR Power

RF Radio Frequency

rms Effective value (root mean square)

RTS Invitation to send

RX Receive

RxD Receive data

S+N/N Signal-to-Noise Ratio

SINAD Ratio: Signal noise distortionnoise distortion+ +

+

SPKR Loudspeaker

SQ Squelch

STBY Standby

STO Store

SWR Standing-Wave Ratio

TOT Time-Out-Timer

TX Transmit

TxD Transmit data

UHF Ultra-High Frequency

VCO Voltage-Controlled Oscillator

Vdc Volts, direct current

VHF Very-High Frequency

VOL Volume

VSWR Voltage Standing-Wave Ratio

W Watt

Ω Ohm

°C Degrees Centigrade

°F Degrees Fahrenheit


November 2009 5

SAFETY INFORMATION Every radio, when transmitting, radiates energy into the atmosphere that may, under certain conditions, cause the generation of sparks. All users of our UHF/AM Transceiver FSG 7016 should be aware of the following warning:

+++ Do not operate this radio in an explosive atmosphere +++ (gas, petroleum fuels, solvents, dust, etc.)!

During normal use, the radio will subject you to radio energy substantially below the level where any kind of harm is reported. TO ENSURE PERSONAL SAFETY, please observe the following simple rules: • Only persons entitled may operate the UHF/AM Transceiver FSG 7016! • DO NOT transmit when the helical antenna is very close to, or touching, exposed parts of the

body, especially the face and eyes. • DO NOT transmit in closed vehicles, aircraft or inside buildings with the helical antenna! This

may trigger the airbag, cause malfunction of the avionics or confuse other electronic equipment! Always operate the radio on a suitable outside / external antenna! Assure appropriate lightning protection where an elevated outdoor antenna is used.

• DO NOT transmit on a busy channel! • DO NOT press and hold the transmit (PTT) key when not actually desiring to transmit. • DO NOT allow children to play with any radio equipment containing a transmitter. • DO NOT operate the radio whilst driving. It should also be noticed that the use of a hand held

microphone while driving could constitute an offence under the Road Traffic Regulations in certain countries.

• Always turn OFF the radio when replacing the battery pack. • The UHF/AM Transceiver FSG 7016 may be used exclusively for communication on the

UHF/AM airband frequencies. • Unauthorised modifications and changes of the system are forbidden! • When replacing defective parts use only original parts or parts recommended by the

manufacturer. • In order to prevent corrosion, the radio should be rinsed with tap-water after use in sea-

water. Wipe dry using a clean, lint-free cloth. Nickel-metal hydride Batteries Handling Precaution • Never dispose Ni-MH batteries in a fire or expose to high temperatures. • Do not connect the positive (+) and negative (-) terminals of Ni-MH batteries together with

electrically conductive material, including lead wires. • Do not transport or store Ni-MH batteries with their uncovered terminals. • Do not strike or drop Ni-MH batteries. Sharp impacts or concussion to batteries may result in

leakage, heat generation and bursting. • Never disassemble, modify or reconstruct Ni-MH battery packs. • Ni-MH batteries contain a strong colourless alkali liquid. The alkali is extremely corrosive and

will cause skin damage. If any liquid from a Ni-MH battery comes in contact with a user's eyes, they should immediately flush their eyes with clean water enough and consult a doctor. The strong alkali can damage eyes and lead to permanent loss of eyesight.

Ni-MH

This radio contains a Ni-MH battery! • DO NOT dispose worn out Ni-MH batteries with domestic waste. • Consumers are obliged by law to return Ni-MH batteries at the end of their

service lives to the public collecting points set up for this purpose or point of sale.



THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY

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FSG 70161 General Description

November 2009 7

Section 1 General Description

1.1 Introduction This Operator's Manual contains information relative to the physical, mechanical and electrical characteristics of the Dittel Messtechnik GmbH FSG 7016 handheld water- and dustproof UHF/AM Communications Transceiver with VOX controlled transmit. This excellent transceiver system FSG 7016, article no F10165, manufactured by Dittel Messtechnik GmbH, 86899 Landsberg am Lech, Germany, is a microprocessor controlled, high performance, 16-channels pre-set, handheld UHF/AM air band transceiver, complete with rechargeable, snap-on battery pack, helical antenna and removable, adjustable carrying strap on the radio's rear side. Every unit leaves our factory only after extensive tests.

1.2 Equipment Description This light weight, small size, splash and dust proof transceiver offers universal operation on up to 16 fixed, software pre-programmed channels at 25 kHz spacing out of 7,000 channels within the full UHF/AM 225.000 MHz to 399.975 MHz frequency range. The rechargeable 1,500 mAh high capacity Ni-MH battery, together with three programmable RF output levels plus 'receive only' mode on any channel, allow very flexible operations. The operating mode is Simplex, i.e. transmitting or receiving only in turns. Excellent collocation characteristics - especially the very high receiver sensitivity - allow universal, flexible and reliable line of sight voice radio communications also in difficult environment. Due to a built-in voice controlled communication function (VOX) -transmitting without pressing any PTT key - both hands get therefore free for other jobs. Very long battery operating times are available for independent hand portable, body worn, and mobile use, and even for long distance fixed base operations, where a wide band roof top external antenna (antistatic grounded) is used. Battery replacement or discharge does not result in loss of memory information. A comprehensive manually or automatically activated acoustic and LED battery status control, besides the high level transmit side tone, gives the operator easy to understand battery status information, most useful at difficult missions. This is especially helpful in extreme operating conditions, e.g. as helicopter winch men or for parachute missions. The audio volume is adjustable in seven steps to control receive, transmit side tone, and battery status/warning beep tones. External microphone sensitivity can be easily set in seven steps. Both - the built-in microphone and internal loudspeaker - are switched OFF, when an external microphone is connected to the multifunction 10-pole accessory socket. Together with a wide range of accessories, this high performance light weight handy UHF/AM radio is especially suitable for reliable use also under extremely difficult environmental operating conditions.

1.2.1 Sophisticated Programming Easy interfacing through the 10-pole accessory socket, using a special DITTEL adapter cable to any standard Personal Computer running WINDOWS 98, NT, 2000 or XP, allows simple and quick control, selection, and reprogramming on any of the 16 memory channels. Any combination of frequency and / or RF output power selection / programming is possible.

FSG 7016 1 General Description


1.2.2 Modes of Operation The transceiver may be operated in two main modes - transmit or receive - as selected by the transmit (PTT) key or an external microphone of the transceiver: TRANSMIT MODE (STANDARD) - When the built-in or accessory PTT key is pressed and held, the transceiver will operate in the transmit mode. TRANSMIT MODE (VOX operation) - When talking into an external microphone (e.g. throat microphone), the transceiver will operate in the transmit mode. Transmission is monitored by a sidetone signal applied to the phone. The 'TX BATT' LED will light red, indicating that the transmitter is activated. A five minute transmit time out timer is used to limit the duration of calls and to guard against accidental PTT locking on the transmitter and tying up the radio system. Transmission will occur on one of the 16 pre-programmed channel frequencies (any frequency out of 7,000 channels) with an pre-programmed output power level, determined by the setting of the 'CH' switch. RECEIVE MODE - When the built-in or accessory PTT key is released, or during VOX-Mode talking into the external microphone stops, the transceiver will operate in the receive mode. The 'TX BATT' red LED will go OFF, indicating that the transmitter is de-activated. Reception on one of the 16 pre-programmed channel frequencies, as selected by the 'CH' switch, will occur. The setting of the 'VOL' control determines the audio level produced from the internal loudspeaker and/or the external headphone. When the 'VOL' control is adjusted in the clockwise direction, the audio level will increase.

IMPORTANT! • For VOX or other operating conditions, an external helmet or

headset microphone have to be connected to the 'EXT' accessory socket of the transceiver.

• In this case, either the built-in PTT key, the PTT key of an external equipment, or the voice level (VOX) operates the transceiver.

• When the connector of an external microphone or headset microphone is connected to the transceiver 'EXT' accessory socket, the FSG 7016 loudspeaker and microphone are disabled and the 'VOL' control will adjust the audio level applied to the external speaker or headphone, as applicable.

• When operating the FSG 7016 together with a speaker/microphone A/N F10168, the FSG 7016 speaker is disabled during receive. When pressing the PTT key at the speaker/microphone, the FSG 7016 microphone will be disabled!

• Connection of only a headphone (without microphone) does not disable the FSG 7016 built-in microphone and loudspeaker.

FSG 70161 General Description

November 2009 9

1.3 License Requirement

IMPORTANT! • This UHF/AM equipment always requires an individual operating

license. Depending on national regulations, such license must be applied for at appropriate National Authorities, using suitable application forms.

• Your DITTEL representative can assist you in filing the appropriate documents and will program each radio with your authorised frequencies, operating modes TX/RX or RX only, for each of the 16 channels.

1.4 Equipment Supplied

UHF/AM hand-held airband Transceiver FSG 7016, 16 pre-programmed channels (factory pre-set or on customer's order) out of 7,000 channels (E58154); including one 1.5 Ah battery pack (E58155), helical antenna (E55275), hand-holder (E55383) and Operator's Manual, ready for use.

Article Number F10165

1.5 Optional Equipment / Spares Various audio, control, antenna, and charger accessories allow mobile flight co-ordination and many other demanding applications, besides even specialised operations, like airfield, Search And Rescue, parachute, helicopter winch man, fire fighting, Naval air and/or Army air mission use, etc.

10-pole accessory connector, twist lock, sealed, to connect customer’s accessories to FSG 7016, ......................................F10172 Spare wideband helical antenna, 225 … 400 MHz, high omni-directional efficiency, TNC connector ..................................... E55275 TNC antenna coaxial cable connector, solder type ................................. E08976 DL-5A/7016 drop-in automatic 10 hr. automatic desktop Ni-MH charger, 115/230 VAC, temperature controlled, autoswitching to trickle rate.........F10167 Spare Ni-MH battery 12 Vdc/1,500 mAh, protected, sealed.................... E58155 Hand-holder complete, with adjustable strap, hook and loop fastener.... E55383 Spare adjustable strap, black, hook and loop fastener............................ E55997 Speaker/Microphone, fist type, coiled cord, rain proof, 10-pole plug ..............................................................................................F10168 External inline PTT key U-94 A/U, coiled cord, 10-pole plug....................F10170 FSG_PROG control software for PC computer, CD-ROM .......................F10173 Interface cable to PC computer (RS-232) COM1 or COM2, 10-pole to 25-p female, adapter 25-p male/9-p female.............................F10166 Set of Adapters, to perform pressure test ................................................F10187

FSG 7016 1 General Description

10 D10011 November 2009


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FSG 70162 Charging and Battery Test

November 2009 11

Section 2 Charging and Battery Test

2.1 Battery Information The snap-on type battery pack of the radio FSG 7016 contains ten top quality rechargeable Ni-MH batteries with a capacity of 1,500 mAh. They provide sufficient electrical DC power to supply the radio and other connected special accessory. To maintain the battery performance and its cycle service life, the following should be noticed: • Self-discharge of batteries when not in use (battery pack separated from radio)

is usual and permitted (maximum storage time one year at room temperature). • When storing the radio without recharging for a period longer than 3 to 4 month,

detach/separate the Ni-MH battery pack from FSG 7016 radio. • To prevent Ni-MH batteries from losing capacity, they should be fully discharged

and charged cyclically, at least once a month (avoids memory effect). • Use only DITTEL Ni-MH battery chargers, otherwise you risk to lose the 24

month warranty as well as battery performance/reliability.

2.2 Battery Replacement

CAUTION! • When removing or replacing the battery pack, the radio must be

turned OFF.

• Hold the radio with one hand and the battery pack with the other. Press the locking tab 13 on the left side of the transceiver's case. The battery pack swings open and can be removed.

• To reinstall the battery pack, hold it with the groove (type plate) on the left side. Hinge battery nose into recess on the right side of radio and give a push until locking tab will click, locking the battery pack in position. Check for proper seat.

• Rechargeable DITTEL battery packs can be charged separately or while attached to the radio.

• Periodically check the contacts on the bottom of battery pack for dirt that may prevent a good electrical contact with the charging base.

• Do not dispose of a battery pack in fire. An explosion may occur.

NEVER throw any worn out batteries into domestic waste. You must return it for recycling!

FSG 7016 2 Charging and Battery Test

12 D10011 November 2009

2.3 Recharging the Battery using DL-5A/7016 drop-in Charger

12

3

The drop-in charger DL-5A/7016 is designed for connecting to 115 VAC or 230 VAC, 50 to 60 Hz mains. First of all, check that the charger's operating voltage is identical with your local mains supply. If required, set the voltage selector switch 3 by means of a suitable tool to the respective voltage, changing of fuses is not required. DL-5A/7016 is factory set to 230 VAC! Plug the mains cable into a suitable wall outlet. The red pilot lamp 1 lights up. For charging, insert the complete hand-held UHF Transceiver FSG 7016 or only the removed Ni-MH battery pack upright into the charging chamber in such a way, that the recess on the battery case matches with the nose in the chamber. If the battery is discharged, the charger switches immediately to rapid charge (yellow lamp 2 lights up).

Rapid charge - yellow pilot lamp 2 lights The duration of charge depends on the state of the battery and is approx. 8 hours (for 1.5 Ah battery). When the switch-off voltage is reached the charger switches automatically to trickle charge. The capacity at the end of rapid charging is about 90% of the full rated capacity. Trickle charge - yellow pilot lamp 2 goes off The Ni-MH battery pack is now continuously charged on low current. The full capacity of the battery is thus guaranteed. Overcharging the battery is not possible due to automatic and temperature controlled charging function, even if the trickle charge is maintained over a long period. Batteries in chargers operating on trickle charge are fully charged.

IMPORTANT! • With drop-in charger DL-5A/7016 (article no. F10167) 12 Vdc/1.5 Ah

battery packs of the FSG 7016 can be recharged. • To prevent fire or shock hazard, do not expose the unit to rain or

moisture. • To avoid electrical shock, do not open the cabinet. Refer repairing to

qualified personnel only. • The chargers must not be operated on or near heaters or in direct

sunlight. • Charging should be done within the ambient temperature range of

10°C to +40°C, otherwise the battery may not be fully charged. • The UHF Transceiver FSG 7016 with attached battery pack may be

operated while being inserted into the drop-in charger, e.g. for temporary fixed base use.

• If a fully charged battery is removed briefly from the charger and then reinserted the charging cycle starts again from the beginning: brief rapid charging (yellow LED lights) followed by trickle charge. The Ni-MH battery incurs no damage.

• If the battery is flat it is first recharged on trickle charge until its terminal voltage reaches a certain limit where rapid charging switches on automatically.

FSG 70162 Charging and Battery Test

November 2009 13

2.4 Battery Test The battery status should be checked repeatedly/frequently after battery replacement and/or before important missions begin.

IMPORTANT! • This is the most efficient battery capacity status test • Do not perform the battery test on a busy channel!

Disconnect charger or remove radio from drop-in charger before testing, if applicable. Turn the power ON by rotating the OFF-ON-SQ OFF-VOX knob 1 clockwise from 'OFF' in the 'ON' position. Press and hold the smaller side TEST key 9 .

A combination of receiver noise and battery status tones is audible via the built-in speaker or headphone. The volume is adjustable with the VOL knob. Simultaneously the 'TX BATT' LED 2 will flash RED in the sequence of the battery status tone.

Battery status tone sequences and flashing of the 'TX BATT' LED 2 :

• • • • • • • • • Three-dots sequence

= Battery is fully charged, normal battery status to use the FSG 7016.

• • • • • • Two-Dots sequence

= Battery is approximately half charged. Consider to use another, fully charged battery, or be aware of only a limited transceiver operating time available.

• • • One-dot sequence

= Battery is discharged. Only short operating time left. Immediate battery replacement is recommended. Arrange for battery recharging. If possible, start a com-plete discharge/charge cycle in order to keep the battery fully alive for reliable, maximum life time.

NOTICE: The one-dot sequence in transmit mode starts auto-matically (without pressing the side TEST key), as a warning.

____________ Continuous

= In Transmit mode, tone and red LED are 'ON' continuously. Transmitter is now disabled due to low supply. Receiving may still be possible but only for a short while. REPLACE AGAINST A FULLY CHARGED BATTERY.

____________ Continuous

= In Receive mode, the automatic continuous warning starts a few minutes before the radio switches OFF itself automatically due to low battery supply voltage.

Release the side TEST key 9 . Continue to program frequencies and TX power output of the transceiver FSG 7016.

FSG 7016 2 Charging and Battery Test

14 D10011 November 2009


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FSG 70163 Programming

November 2009 15

Section 3 Programming using Software V2.0 (A/N F10173) 3.1 Introduction

IMPORTANT! • Each radio FSG 7016 leaves the factory with frequencies and RF

output power programmed for testing purposes. Therefore it is absolutely necessary to program your radio first before using.

3.2 Hard- and Software Requirements To use our FSG7016 Programming Centre Software the following hardware is required: • a standard PC with Intel or AMD Processor running WINDOWS 98, NT, 2000 or

XP, • an available serial port (RS-232), • a CD-ROM drive, • Interface cable to PC computer (RS-232), Article No. F10166 • FSG7016 Programming Centre Software, CD-ROM, Article No. F10173

3.3 Installation Procedure • Create a directory, e.g. C:\programs\fsg7016. • Unzip the file FSG7016.zip from CD-ROM into this directory (using e.g. WinZip). • Create a link (contains the associated WD icon) or the desktop. • Connect DITTEL interface cable F10166 to your computer’s COM port to be

used, and to FSG 7016 10-pole accessory socket. • Make sure the battery pack of the radio is charged (refer to paragraph 2.4,

Battery Test). • Switch ON the FSG 7016 radio. • Double click on "FSG7016.exe", or on the desktop icon to start the program. Note: • The program is ex factory pre-set to use COM 1. • Should COM 2 or COM 3 or COM 4 to be used, this COM 1 pre-setting may be

changed after the initial “No FSG connection” warning window appears: • Click “OK” to confirm, this will bring-up the next warning window: “No connection

to an FSG 7016; Repeat?” • To confirm click “Nein/No”. This closes this window. • Select the new COM port through the menu steps “Settings” and

“Communication”, then select the correct COM port, confirm with “OK”.

FSG 7016 3 Programming

16 D10011 November 2009

Two Window Control Panels • Monitoring of communications to / from FSG 7016. • Menu to select “Language”. • Menu to select Communications COM port Interface. • Automatic communications failure warning. • Two headline indications: FSG 7016 Firmware read-out, and setting file name. • Help: FSG 7016 Firmware version, FSG 7016 Prog control program version. • Exit the program.

Select operating language Menu: Settings or Menu: Einstellungen Select Language or Select Sprache Select English or Select Deutsch Note • Last language setting is used automatically while the program is started again.

LEFT WINDOW RIGHT WINDOW FSG 7016 Actual Unit Status Automatic Read-out Customised settings area. Edit individual settings temporarily Create new pre-setting files. Program present settings into FSG 7016 Use available pre-setting files.

FSG 70163 Programming

November 2009 17

3.4 Control Window Command Information Instruction There are helpful Windows specific information available which are hidden behind operation-dependent fields: On the lower status line, two different context information describe the action needed to perform available functions depending on the field to which the cursor is positioned.

White field “Double click opens Single Channel Editing”. Grey field “Mouse click opens Single-Channel Editing”, this allows drag and drop of information associated from any grey CH No. to another grey CH.

Additional Field(s) information FSG Settings shows FSG 7016 hardware version information / date. Settings from/into File shows file name from which the setting information is

originated.

Function Control Fields

Reload Settings Starts the unit’s setting readout again. => To copy the actual 16 CH information into the “edit” field. <= To copy all 16 channel pre-determined information towards FSG 7016. Program all Performs all 16 channel (re-) programming. √ Performs programming of one individual channel. Read File Opens an already existing setting file. Save to File Saves a new or changed setting file. Select Interface Opens the Menu to determine / change the COM interface number. Exit Closes the “FSG Prog” program.

FSG 7016 3 Programming

18 D10011 November 2009

3.5 Edit individual settings temporarily On the left window (actual status) table, double click into white fields Frequency or Power of the channel concerned. This opens the Setting window. • New channel setting(s) will change the actual function of this channel

accordingly, but only temporarily as long as the COM link to the FSG 7016 remains active.

• Any setting change removes the “Programmed” status confirmation mark. • Dark blue numbers indicate the actual channel setting status. • Successful communications response from FSG 7016 is required and shown by

bright blue numbers. • Only allowed frequency steps (±10 MHz, ±1 MHz, ±25 kHz), and RF power

levels / Mode (3 = 1 Watt, 2 = 0.4 Watt, 1 = 0.1 Watt, 0 = Receive only) may be entered.

• “OK” confirms this channel setting change, but only temporarily.

3.6 Programming the new Setting(s) Click to “Program all”. The windows “Programming … “ appears to show the programming status activity bar, followed by the window “All channels programmed successfully”.

3.7 Finishing the Reprogramming To check all actual unit entries; verify this by clicking onto “Reload Settings”. Then verify all settings. “Exit” closes the program. • Switch OFF the FSG 7016. • Disconnect the programming cable from FSG 7016 (and PC if required).

FSG 70164 Operation

November 2009 19

Section 4 Operating Instructions

4.1 Introduction This section contains a functional description of each switch, control, indicator and connector located on the top panel of the UHF/AM transceiver FSG 7016, together with the transmit key and TEST key on the left side, and operating instructions.

4.2 Operator's Switches, Controls and Indicators A view of the transceiver FSG 7016 is given on the last page of this Manual. Please fold out the back flap when reading the operating instructions. Each number of a control, switch, etc. corresponds to the number of the control, switch, etc. given below.

: A four-position rotary switch which controls the application of the 12 Vdc battery power, the Squelch, and the voice activated transmission function (VOX).

OFF : Radio is turned OFF, 12 Vdc supply of connected accessory is switched OFF.

ON : Radio is switched ON, Squelch is ON, 12 Vdc supply of connected accessory is switched ON. No RX noise is audible.

SQ OFF : Radio is switched ON, Squelch is OFF, 12 Vdc supply of connected accessory is switched ON. RX noise is audible.

1 MODE SWITCH SQ OFF

VOX

ON

OFF

VOX : Radio is switched ON, Squelch is ON, 12 Vdc supply of connected accessory is switched ON. Voice activated transmission circuit (VOX) is active.

2 TX BATT LED Indicator

: • A red LED which is ON when the built-in or accessory Push-To-Talk (PTT) key is depressed, and the transceiver is operated in the transmit mode. When the PTT key is released, the TX red LED goes OFF, and the transceiver is operated in the receive mode.

• A red LED which is ON when the radio is operated in VOX Mode, the operator is talking into an external microphone, the mike sensitivity is adjusted correctly, and the transceiver is operating in the transmit mode. When the operator stops talking, the TX red LED goes OFF, and the transceiver is operated in the receive mode.

• A red LED which is flashing in a certain sequence when side TEST key 9 is depressed (refer to paragraph 2.4).

• A red LED which is ON when either PTT key is pressed or voice activated transmission takes place; and starts flashing in the battery status sequence during that period, when the side TEST key is pressed simultaneously.

FSG 7016 4 Operation

20 D10011 November 2009

3 ANTENNA SOCKET : TNC screw type, 50 Ohms. To connect mobile UHF helical antenna or any grounded 50 Ω UHF antenna with TNC cable connector.

4 VOLUME CONTROL

: A seven-step potentiometer, which is active when the transceiver is operated in the • Receive Mode, determines the audio level applied

to the internal speaker. When audio accessory is connected at the 'EXT' connector, the VOL control determines the audio level applied to the external loudspeaker or headphone, as appropriate.

• The internal speaker is only disabled, when an external microphone is connected.

• Transmit Mode, determines the side tone audio level applied only to an external headset.

• Battery Test Mode, determines the audio level of the test tone sequence applied to the internal speaker or an external headset, as appropriate.

• Without connected external microphone neither the transmit side tone nor the battery status tone are audible in the headphone.

5 CHANNEL SWITCH

: A 16-position rotary switch which is used in both the transmit and receive modes to determine which one of the 16 pre-selected channels is in use.

6 EXTERNAL MICRO-PHONE SENSITIVITY

:

A seven-position rotary switch which is used to adjust the modulation audio level of an external microphone in steps of 4 dB. This allows perfect matching of variable microphone output factors, resulting from • Type and brand of the microphone, and distance

between microphone and the operator’s lips. LIPS MUST ALMOST TOUCH THE MICROPHONE!

• Speech volume/loudness of the operator, depending on:

− Environmental noise level (Helicopter/Jet) − Actual mission details

In the fully clockwise position, a whisper operation is possible, when a suitable microphone is used.

7 EXTERNAL ACCES-SORY CONNECTOR

:

A 10-pole, sealed, twist-lock connector which is used to connect various equipment like headset, throat microphone, helmet, etc., and to reprogram and control the transceiver via an interface cable from your PC computer.

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7 EXTERNAL ACCES-SORY CONNECTOR

(cont'd)

Pin assignment: A: Phone OUT 8 … 600 Ohms; B: Common GND; C: External MIC IN, 4 … 600 Ohms/0.35 … 10 mV; D: DATA TX; E: DATA RX; F: External PTT key IN (against ground); G: Microphone GND; H: +12 Vdc, switched, OUT; J: DATA RTS; K: DATA CTS.

8 PTT KEY : The Push-To-Talk (PTT) key determines the operating mode of the transceiver. • When the PTT key is depressed, the transceiver will

operate in the transmit mode. • When the PTT key is released, the transceiver will

operate in the receive mode.

9 Side TEST KEY : a) Temporary squelch override, combined with b) Manual activation of optical and acoustical battery

status signal: 3-dots tone = fully charged battery 2-dots tone = approx. 50% discharged battery 1-dot tone = almost discharged battery continuous tone = Warning (during transmit only) = battery empty, no TX possible anymore.

10 LOUDSPEAKER : Two 16-ohm/300-mWatt internal loudspeakers in parallel, which are operative in the receive mode. The internal speakers are disabled when • transceiver is operated in the transmit mode or • an external microphone (headset, helmet, etc.) is

connected to the accessory socket.

11 MICROPHONE : An Electret-type microphone which is operative in the transmit mode. The internal microphone is disabled when • the transceiver is operated in the receive mode, or • when an external microphone is plugged to the

accessory socket 7 , or • when the PTT key of a speaker/microphone is

pressed

12 BATTERY PACK : A rechargeable, detachable, high quality Ni-MH battery pack, 12 Vdc/1,500 mAh. Water- and dustproof also detached from radio. Protected by a 2 Amp self-healing fuse and a temperature switch (≥ +84°C / ≥ 183°F). Chargeable through bottom contacts (mate DITTEL drop-in charger, A/N F10167).


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4.3 Preparation for Use

IMPORTANT! • This instruction is only applicable for a transceiver FSG 7016, which

is already pre-programmed. • For programming refer to Section 3, Programming.

To prepare the transceiver for use: • Verify the antenna connection of the helical antenna, or the plug of an external

antenna, is tightened. • When using a helical antenna, hold radio and antenna vertically as high as

possible. Keep antenna radiator tip away from operator's face, head or body, if the radio front (speaker and microphone) is held close to the mouth. Besides reduced RF radiation to the human body, a very good antenna radiating efficiency is also obtained for long radio communications distance.

• When using the FSG 7016 in buildings, vehicles or aircraft, the radio should always be operated on a suitable external - DC grounded - antenna. Assure appropriate lightning protection where elevated outdoor antennas are used.

• Check proper seat of the battery pack. Ensure snap-on CLICK. • Set the 'VOL' Control 4 to the centre position.

• Set the OFF-ON-SQ OFF-VOX knob 1 to the 'ON' position.

• Set the 'CH' Switch 5 to the desired operating channel 1 through 16.

• Depress the side TEST key 9 and check the battery status. • Proceed to

Operation in the Receive Mode, paragraph 4.4, Operation in the Transmit Mode, paragraph 4.5, or Operation using a headset or helmet, paragraph 4.7, or Voice Controlled Operation (VOX), paragraph 4.8, as appropriate.

FSG 70164 Operation

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4.4 Operation in the Receive (Listen) Mode To operate the transceiver in the receive mode, proceed as follows: • Ensure that the PTT key 8 is NOT depressed, and verify that the 'TX BATT' red

LED 2 is OFF.

• Verify that 'CH' Switch 5 is set to your desired operating channel 1 … 16.

• Set the 'VOL' Control 4 to a comfortable audio level. The VOLUME Control can be adjusted in a clockwise direction to increase the audio level, or in a counter-clockwise direction to decrease the audio level which can be heard on the internal loudspeaker.

IMPORTANT! • When an external headset is plugged to the 'EXT' accessory socket

7 of the transceiver, the internal loudspeaker is automatically disabled. The 'VOL' Control 4 will now control the audio level applied to the external loudspeaker or headset, as applicable.

• When the FSG 7016 is operated with a combined speaker/ microphone (A/N F10168), receive is only audible in the speaker/ microphone.

• On a clear channel NO basic receiver noise should be audible in the speaker or phone (Squelch = ON).

• To check the receiver's squelch circuit, set OFF-ON-SQ OFF-VOX knob 1 to 'SQ OFF' position. On a clear channel, basic receiver noise with constant volume should be audible (only at an interference free location).

• For receiving normal communication, the OFF-ON-SQ OFF-VOX knob 1 should be in the 'ON' position. Receiver noise, weak signals, and interference signals are blocked.

• If the OFF-ON-SQ OFF-VOX knob 1 is set to the 'SQ OFF' position,

• or the side TEST key 9 is depressed (resulting in an additional Test tone sequence),

• maximum receiving radio range is obtained and very weak signals can be received satisfactorily, but with noise content.

• To change the operating channel, set the 'CH' Switch 5 to the desired new channel 1 through 16.


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4.5 Operation in the Transmit (Talk) Mode

WARNING! • DO NOT TRANSMIT WITH THIS RADIO IN AN EXPLOSIVE

ATMOSPHERE (PETROLEUM FUELS, SOLVENTS, DUST, ETC.)

IMPORTANT! • Please, keep radio discipline. The channel must be clear before

transmitting. • Speak only what is absolutely necessary for accurate

communication.

To operate the transceiver in the transmit mode, proceed as follows:

• Verify that 'CH' switch 5 is set to the desired operating channel 1 … 16. • Monitor the appropriate channel whether it is busy or not! • Hold the transceiver FSG 7016 vertically in the left hand, with the microphone

area 11 as close as possible to the upper lip. This technique is necessary because the noise cancelling feature of the built-in microphone favours sound close to the microphone and discriminates noise away from the microphone.

• On a clear channel press and hold the transmit (PTT) key 8 .

• The 'TX BATT' LED 2 lights RED when the transmitter is ON.

• Speak loud, slow and distinct into the built-in microphone 11 using specified operating procedures during transmission.

• Make each transmission as brief as possible. • Release the PTT key 8 to end the transmission and to clear the channel. • The transceiver is now operating in the receive mode. • Verify that the 'TX BATT' 2 red LED is OFF.

• To change the operating channel, set the 'CH' switch 5 to the new desired channel 1 through 16.

IMPORTANT! • If the TX BATT red LED does not light when you press the PTT switch

the battery pack may need to be charged (refer to section 2.3). • If the TX BATT red LED does not light and a tone is heard, you are on

a RECEIVE ONLY channel. Switch the channel selector to an authorised transmit channel.

• If the duration of your message exceeds 5 minutes, the time out timer shuts off the transmitter automatically. If you wish to continue the transmission, release the PTT, then press again, hold, and continue talking.

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4.6 Matching an External Microphone

IMPORTANT! • This does not apply for a speaker/microphone! • This adjustment is most important particularly when the FSG 7016 is

used in noisy environment or is operated in the Voice Activated Transmission Mode (VOX).

• Match the microphone in that environment where the transceiver is usually used.

• During this adjustment the transmitter is keyed. Carry out adjustment quickly!

• Internal microphone sensitivity is not affected by the external microphone sensitivity setting. For silent communication, internal microphone and loudspeaker are disabled as long as an external microphone is connected.

To match an external microphone properly to the FSG 7016, proceed as follows: • Connect an external microphone (4 … 600 Ohm, may be part of a headset or

helmet) to the accessory socket 7 of transceiver FSG 7016. Align white dot of the cable connector with the white dot of the chassis accessory socket 7 . Press connector down. Rotate clockwise towards locking end position.

• The built-in speaker and microphone are automatically disabled. • Rotate OFF-ON-SQ OFF-VOX knob 1 to 'ON' position. • Rotate the 'CH' knob 5 to a clear (test) channel. • Rotate the 'VOL' control knob 4 to mid position (audio volume control). • Rotate the 'EXT MIC SENS' knob 6 to mid position. • Place boom microphone some 5 cm/2" away from your lips in front of your

mouth. • Press and hold the PTT key 8 , SPEAK LOUD, SLOW AND CLEAR! • While speaking, listen carefully to the audio volume of your side tone. • While still speaking, move slowly the microphone towards the lips, the audio

volume of the transmit side tone should significantly increase. • Find a microphone position where the side tone audio level will not increase

anymore, although the microphone is moved closer to the lips. • THIS IS THE MODULATION COMPRESSION POINT TO BE FOUND! • The ideal result is obtained, when this point corresponds with the microphone

positioned right at the lips, in front of the mouth. • If the microphone is still away from the lips, set the 'EXT MIC SENS' switch 6 one

or two steps counter-clockwise (ccw, less sensitive). • Repeat the microphone moving procedure as above, until a position is obtained,

which brings the modulation compression point of your microphone when it is placed right in front of the lips.

• Set the transmit side tone volume with 'VOL' control 4 to a convenient level. This will also correspond to the receive audio level.

REMEMBER: In extreme noisy environment, this 'EXT MIC SENS' and 'VOL' audio level setting may have to be repeated, but the operator is strictly required to speak excessively loud, depending on the acoustic environment noise level (helicopter, jet aircraft, parachute, etc.).


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4.7 Operation using a Headset or Helmet • When a headset or helmet with an external microphone is connected to the

FSG 7016, both the radio's microphone and loudspeaker are automatically disabled.

• The use of an external microphone always requires proper microphone sensitivity matching using the 'EXT MIC SENS' switch 6 , refer to paragraph 4.6.

• Adjust once and remember correct position of 'EXT MIC SENS' 6 switch for a particular headset/helmet microphone! So, in a similar noise level environment, the operator only needs to remember the switch position found, if he uses the same particular headset or helmet.

• Since microphones have different sensitivities, the occasional use of another headset or helmet - even of the same type - may require resetting of the 'EXT MIC SENS' 6 switch position.

• When the breathing noise content is still too high, even with proper microphone sensitivity setting, protect the microphone with a foam cover. This will significantly increase the message transfer intelligibility, especially in extremely noisy environment.

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4.8 Voice Controlled Transmit Operation (VOX)

IMPORTANT! • This operating mode can only be used in connection with a headset

or helmet. • Proper matching of the microphone is very important for this

operating mode. • Spoken messages will be transmitted without a delay. Verify whether

the first syllable is transmitted. Otherwise you have to repeat! • Familiarise yourself with the VOX function before any mission!

To operate the FSG 7016 in VOX Mode, proceed as follows: • Verify that 'CH' switch 5 is set to the desired operating channel 1 … 16. • Rotate the OFF-ON-SQ OFF-VOX knob 1 to the VOX position. • The 'TX BATT' LED 2 shall NOT light RED. • Monitor the appropriate channel whether it is busy or not! • On a clear channel, and with the microphone area placed as close as possible to

the upper lip, speak loud, slow and clear. • The 'TX BATT' LED 2 should light RED only voice controlled (the transmitter is

ON without pressing any PTT key). • You should hear a clear sidetone in your headset/helmet phones. • Make each transmission as brief as possible. • To end the transmission and to clear the channel: stop speaking. • The transceiver is now operating in the receive mode. • Verify that the TX BATT 2 red LED is OFF.

IMPORTANT! • Only your spoken words should safely trigger the transmitter, not the

environmental noise! • If the radio starts transmitting without a spoken word, MIC sensitivity

is too high. Decrease by rotating EXT MIC SENS knob ccw by 2 or 3 steps.

• If the radio does not transmit (no TX BATT LED ON, no sidetone audible) when speaking very loud into the external microphone, increase the MIC sensitivity by rotating the EXT MIC SENS knob cw step by step.

4.9 Switching OFF To turn off the transceiver: Set the OFF-ON-SQ OFF-VOX rotary switch 1 to the OFF position.

IMPORTANT! • When storing the radio without recharging for a period longer than 3

to 4 month, detach/separate the Ni-MH battery pack from FSG 7016 radio.

• After use in sea-water, the radio should be rinsed with tap-water in order to prevent corrosion. Wipe dry using a clean, lint-free cloth.


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4.10 Siting • The radio operates in the UHF frequency band, this is a Line-Of-Sight (LOS)

frequency; therefore, siting of the radio greatly affects its operating range. • The longest range is normally obtained when a direct LOS is maintained

between the radios. • Use of hilltop or tower locations will increase the LOS range. • Hold/place antenna above operator's head/helmet for best omnidirectional

radiation. • Location in valleys with intervening hills, behind vehicles or buildings or in dense

woods may reduce or prevent communications. • If possible, avoid locations near electrical interference sources, such as

computers, power and telephone lines, radar, welders and electrical generators.

4.11 Functional Checks If the transceiver FSG 7016 does not operate correctly, check the following: • Is the required channel adjusted with the 'CHAN' knob? Adjust required channel! • Is battery supply sufficient? Press and hold side TEST key, observe 'TX BATT'

LED or listen to battery status tone, particularly during transmit. At least a two-dot sequence should be visible and audible!

• Weak RX signal? Press side TEST button = switch OFF squelch circuit! • Weak TX signal? Check external microphone, position of EXT MIC SENS knob,

radio, or antenna system! Is the voice volume too low? Speak loud and clear while the lips are facing the microphone! Try another location! Make sure that transceiver's antenna is vertically positioned and is not screened by nearby placed metallic objects or buildings.

• Singing during transmit? Adjust EXT MIC SENS less sensitive (turn 1 step ccw); keep external microphone in other position!

• Rattles when receiving? Metal propellers between transmitting airborne radio and base station antenna!

• Called station hears carrier, but no voice? Check external microphone and contacts on microphone jack! Monitor transmit sidetone!

• Noisy - distorted - garbled? Suppress interference of motor aircraft or vehicle (generator, regulator), check antenna system; check antenna-, microphone- and radio- connector for proper seat! Change location!

• Transmitter switches off itself? Transmitter was keyed longer than 5 minutes. Release PTT key, normal operating is possible again; or the battery is flat!

• In case of doubt, compare operation of the transceiver with another transceiver on the same location or call another station. If service is necessary please consult your authorised dealer or an approved avionics workshop.

FSG 70165 Technical Summary

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Section 5 Technical Summary of Transceiver FSG 7016

5.1 Leading Particulars Model: Handheld UHF/AM Aviation Transceiver FSG 7016

Article-No. F10165

Frequency Range: 225.000 MHz to 399.975 MHz

Channel Spacing: 25 kHz

Number of Channels: 16 pre-set channels out of 7,000 channels

Channel Selection: by 16-position rotary switch

Operating Mode: Simplex (either receiving or transmitting)

Modulation: AM A3E, 350 … 2,500 Hz

Antenna Connection. TNC, 50 ohm

Antenna: Flexible Helix Antenna

Power Supply: Detachable, rechargeable 12 Vdc nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery pack, 1,500 mAh, with built-in temperature sensor. External 10 Vdc to 15 Vdc via 10-pole accessory connector, input current 1.2 A maximum. Switched 12 Vdc output for attached accessories, drain 150 mA maximum.

Current drain: Standby (STBY): ≤ 55 mA Receive RX: ≤ 260 mA at nominal AF power, Transmit TX: ≤ 1.2 A into 50 Ω / 1 Watt

Operating Time: 6 to 23 hours, depends on operating mode

Additional features: Rugged, milled Aluminium chassis (water- and dustproof) VOX: Integrated voice operated transmitting via helmet microphone, can be switched off. External microphone switches off built-in speaker and microphone.

5.2 Transmitter Characteristics: Power Output: Programmable to 0 W / 0.1 W / 0.4 W / 1.0 W into 50 Ω

Frequency Accuracy: ≤ ± 3 ppm = 1.2 kHz at 25°C ≤ ± 6.5 ppm = 2.6 kHz from -20°C to +60°C

Spurious/Harmonic Radiation:

≤ -60 dBc @ 50 Ohm

Adjacent Channel Suppression:

at ± 25 kHz ≤ -65 dB, m = 60% / 1,250 Hz

Modulation AF Response: ≤ -6 dB @ 350 Hz … 2,500 Hz

AF Distortion Factor: ≤ 10% @ 1 kHz / m = 70%

Modulation Capability: ≥ 70% (processed by built-in modulation compressor)

Microphone Level: 1 mV to 10 mV

TX Sidetone: derived from the Microphone amplifier

FSG 7016 5 Technical Summary

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5.3 Receiver Characteristics:

Receiver Sensitivity: ≤ 1 µV (-107 dBm) for 6 dB s+N/N, 1 khz, m = 30%

Squelch: sophisticated AM/FM Squelch, can be switched off

Selectivity: ≥ 60 dB @ ± 17 kHz / ≥ 70 dB @ ± 25 kHz

Spurious Frequency Rejection:

≤ 70 dB

Radiated Interference: ≤ -64 dBm

AF Frequency Response: ≤ 6 dB @ 350 Hz to 2,500 Hz

Automatic Gain Control: ≤ 6 dB (2 µV to 100 mV)

Audio Power Output: ≥ 1 Watt into 8 Ω (built-in loudspeaker)

5.4 Physical and Environmental Data: Overall Dimensions: 77 × 44 × 229 mm (W×D×H), without antenna

3.03" × 1.73" × 9.02" (W×D×H), without antenna

Weight: ca. 1.0 kg (2.2 lb.), including battery, removable/adjustable carrying strap and helical antenna

Operating Temperature Range:

-20°C to +60°C / -4°F to 140°F

Charging Temperature Range:

+10°C to +40°C / 50°F to 104°F

Submersible (helical antenna must be attached):

Fulfils EN 60 529, Class IP X7 1.0 m (3 ft) for 30 minutes, additional tested to: 3.0 m (10 ft) for 30 seconds

IMPORTANT! • In order to prevent corrosion the radio should be rinsed with

tap-water after use in sea-water. Wipe dry using a clean, lint-free cloth.

FSG 7016Certificates

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Certificates

FSG 7016 Certificates

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November 2009 D10011 33

FSG 7016

Operator's Switches, Controls and Indicators

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