washington second taskforce presentation final · 2014-09-04 · 15,743 17,295 17,404 17,943 18,475...

Washington State Jus$ce Reinvestment Taskforce Second Mee)ng September 4, 2014 Council of State Governments Jus$ce Center Marshall Clement, Director, State Ini<a<ves Carl Reynolds, Senior Legal and Policy Advisor Monica Peters, Senior Research Associate Karen Chung, Policy Analyst

Council of State Governments Jus<ce Center

Council of State Governments Jus<ce Center 2

•  Na<onal non-‐profit, non-‐par<san membership associa<on of state government officials

•  Engages members of all three branches of state government •  Jus<ce Center provides prac<cal, nonpar<san advice informed

by the best available evidence

Funding and Partners

Justice Reinvestment

a data-‐driven approach to reduce corrections spending and reinvest savings in strategies that can decrease recidivism and increase public safety.


15,743

17,295 17,404

17,943

18,475 18,865

15,000

16,000

17,000

18,000

19,000

20,000

2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024

Actual

Projected

Washington’s Prison Popula<on Exceeds Capacity and is Projected to Con<nue to Increase


Expanding capacity to address projected growth will cost the state $387 to $481 million in capital outlay and opera)onal costs over ten years

Source: Caseload Forecast Council, June 2014 Forecast Criminal Jus<ce Planning Services, “Cost-‐Effec<ve Incarcera<on of Washington State Adult Offenders”, 2012.

Year End (FY) Actual and Projected Prison Popula<on, 2002 to 2024

Current Prison Capacity

17,187

Projected Increase: ~1,400

Data From Washington State Agencies is Enabling an Incredible Degree of Matching and Analysis


Department of Correc<ons

Washington State Patrol

Administra<ve Office of the Courts

Caseload Forecast Council

Felony and

Misdemeanor Arrests

1980 – June 2014

Felony and Misdemeanor

Court Disposi<ons – Criminal History

Database provided by WSIPP

8 million records 8.7 million records

Felony Convic<ons 2000-‐2013

370,000 records

Prison & DOC Supervision: Admissions,

Releases, On Hand 2004-‐2013

800,000 records

Linking of files on State ID (SID) Number

Key Stakeholders in the Criminal Jus<ce System Are Being Engaged in Reviewing Analysis and Providing Input & Ideas

Upcoming Stakeholder Engagement

9/2014 Distribute survey to jail administrators 9/6 Mee<ng with Superior Court Judges’ Associa<on 9/9 Mee<ng with DOC’s Vic<ms’ Council 9/12 Present to Sentencing Guidelines Commission 9/12 Mee<ng with Council on Public Defense

10/1-‐2 Present at Washington Associa<on of Prosecu<ng Akorneys Membership Mee<ng 10/10 Present to Sentencing Guidelines Commission 10/27 Mee<ng with Washington Federa<on of State Employees and Teamsters 117 11/18-‐20 Present at Washington State Associa<on of Coun<es Conference

June – August Stakeholder Engagement

Caseload Forecast Council ✓ Prosecutors ✓ Coun<es ✓ Public Defenders ✓ Department of Correc<ons ✓ Superior Court Judges ✓ Law Enforcement ✓ Vic<m Advocates ✓ Legisla<ve Staff ✓ Washington Ins<tute of Public Policy ✓


Overview of Detailed Analysis


Public Safety

Prison Growth

•  Prison popula$on characteris$cs •  Trends impac$ng growth

•  Recidivism analysis •  Impact of supervision

Sentencing Guidelines

•  Comparison with other guideline states •  U$lity of offender score

2014

Sentencing guidelines

states & federal

A Brief History of U.S. and Washington Sentencing


1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Indeterminate sentencing

§  Legislatures set ranges

§  Judges choose §  Parole boards release

Puni$ve policies §  Mandatory minimums; §  three strikes; §  truth-‐in-‐sentencing §  life without parole

Persistent Offender

Accountability Act -‐ 1993

Determinate sentencing states

Right to a Jury on Sentencing Factors 2000 – Apprendi 2004 – Blakely 2005 – Booker 2013 -‐ Alleyne

Sentencing Reform Act

of 1981 WSIPP

reports beginning 1991

Offender Accountability Act of 1999

Washington is One of 21 Guideline States and 13 Non-‐Parole (Determinate) States


States with Sentencing Guidelines

States Without Parole Release

Alabama Alaska Arkansas Arizona California Delaware DC Illinois Indiana Kansas Kansas Louisiana Maryland MassachuseYs Maine Michigan Minnesota Minnesota Missouri North Carolina North Carolina Ohio Ohio Oregon Oregon Pennsylvania Tennessee Utah Virginia Virginia Washington Washington Wisconsin Wisconsin

Washington’s Grids have 169 total cells, with More Columns and Rows than Other Systems

Council of State Governments Jus<ce Center 10 Council of State Governments Jus<ce Center 10

258 cells: 9 grids with 3-‐6 rows and 6 columns

135 cells (10 x 9) + (5 x 9) (drug)

133: (11 x 7) + (8 x 7) (sex off.)

60 cells (10 x 6)

99 cells (11 x 9)

112 cells (14 x 8)

169 cells (16 x 10) + (3 x 3) (drug)

S e r i o u s n e s s L e v e l

Offender Score 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9+

LEVEL XVI LIFE SENTENCE WITHOUT PAROLE/DEATH PENALTY

LEVEL XV 280m

240-‐320 291.5m 250-‐333

304m 261-‐347

316m 271-‐361

327.5m 281-‐374

339.5m 291-‐388

364m 312-‐416

394m 338-‐450

431.5m 370-‐493

479.5m 411-‐548

LEVEL XIV 171.5m 123-‐220

184m 134-‐234

194m 144-‐244

204m 154-‐254

215m 165-‐265

225m 175-‐275

245m 195-‐295

266m 216-‐316

307m 257-‐357

347.5m 298-‐397

LEVEL XIII 143.5m 123-‐164

156m 134-‐178

168m 144-‐192

179.5m 154-‐205

192m 165-‐219

204m 175-‐233

227.5m 195-‐260

252m 216-‐288

299.5m 257.342

347.5m 298-‐397

LEVEL XII 108m 93-‐123

119m 102-‐136

129m 111-‐147

140m 120-‐160

150m 129-‐171

161m 138-‐184

189m 162-‐216

207m 178-‐236

243m 209-‐277

279m 240-‐318

LEVEL XI 90m

78-‐102 100m 86-‐114

100m 95-‐125

119m 102-‐136

129m 111-‐147

139m 120-‐158

170m 146-‐194

185m 159-‐211

215m 185-‐245

245m 210-‐280

LEVEL X 59.5m 51-‐68

66m 57-‐75

72m 62-‐82

78m 67-‐89

84m 72-‐96

89.5m 77-‐102

114m 98-‐130

126m 108-‐144

150m 129-‐171

230.5m 149-‐198

LEVEL IX 36m 31-‐41

42m 36-‐48

47.5m 41-‐54

53.5m 46-‐61

59.5m 51-‐68

66m 57-‐75

89.5m 77-‐102

101.5m 87-‐116

126m 108-‐144

150m 129-‐171

LEVEL VIII 24m 21-‐27

30m 26-‐34

36m 31-‐41

42m 36-‐48

47.5m 41-‐54

53.5m 46-‐61

78m 67-‐89

89.5m 77-‐102

101.5m 87-‐116

126m 108-‐144

LEVEL VII 17.5m 15-‐20

24m 21-‐27

30m 26-‐34

36m 31-‐41

42m 36-‐48

47.5m 41-‐54

66m 57-‐75

78m 67-‐89

89.5m 77-‐102

101.5m 87-‐116

LEVEL VI 13m 12+-‐14

17.5m 15-‐20

24m 21-‐27

30m 26-‐34

36m 31-‐41

42m 36-‐48

53.5m 46-‐61

66m 57-‐75

78m 67-‐89

89.5m 77-‐102

LEVEL V 9m 6-‐12

13m 12+-‐14

15m 13-‐17

17.5m 15-‐20

25.5m 22-‐29

38m 33-‐43

47.5m 41-‐54

59.5m 51-‐68

72m 62-‐82

84m 72-‐96

LEVEL IV 6m 3-‐9

9m 6-‐12

13m 12+-‐14

15m 13-‐17

17.5m 15-‐20

25.5m 22-‐29

38m 33-‐43

50m 43-‐57

61.5m 53-‐70

73.5m 63-‐84

LEVEL III 2m 1-‐3

5m 3-‐8

8m 4-‐12

11m 9-‐12

14m 12+-‐16

19.5m 17-‐22

25.5m 22-‐29

38m 33-‐43

50m 43-‐57

59.5m 51-‐68

LEVEL II

0-‐90 d 4m 2-‐6

6m 3-‐9

8m 4-‐12

13m 12+-‐14

16m 14-‐18

19.5m 17-‐22

25.5m 22-‐29

38m 33-‐43

50m 43-‐57

LEVEL I

0-‐60 d

0-‐90 d 3m 2-‐5

4m 2-‐6

5.5m 3-‐8

8m 4-‐12

13m 12+-‐14

16m 14-‐18

19.5m 17-‐22

25.5m 22-‐29

Unranked

0-‐12m

Serio

usne

ss Level Offender Score

0 to 2 3 to 5 6 to 9+

LEVEL III 59.5m 51-‐68

84m 68+-‐100

110m 100+-‐120

LEVEL II 16m 12+-‐20

40m 20+-‐60

90m 60+-‐120

LEVEL I 3m 0-‐6

12m 6+-‐18

18m 12+-‐24

Washington Sentencing Grids Increase in Offense and Criminal History Severity from Lower Lep to Upper Right


Source: Washington State Sentencing Guidelines Manual, 2012, Caseload Forecast Council.


Offender Score 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9+


LEVEL XV 280m

240-‐320 291.5m 250-‐333

304m 261-‐347

316m 271-‐361

327.5m 281-‐374

339.5m 291-‐388

364m 312-‐416

394m 338-‐450

431.5m 370-‐493

479.5m 411-‐548

LEVEL XIV 171.5m 123-‐220

184m 134-‐234

194m 144-‐244

204m 154-‐254

215m 165-‐265

225m 175-‐275

245m 195-‐295

266m 216-‐316

307m 257-‐357

347.5m 298-‐397

LEVEL XIII 143.5m 123-‐164

156m 134-‐178

168m 144-‐192

179.5m 154-‐205

192m 165-‐219

204m 175-‐233

227.5m 195-‐260

252m 216-‐288

299.5m 257.342

347.5m 298-‐397


119m 102-‐136

129m 111-‐147

140m 120-‐160

150m 129-‐171

161m 138-‐184

189m 162-‐216

207m 178-‐236

243m 209-‐277

279m 240-‐318

LEVEL XI 90m

78-‐102 100m 86-‐114

100m 95-‐125

119m 102-‐136

129m 111-‐147

139m 120-‐158

170m 146-‐194

185m 159-‐211

215m 185-‐245

245m 210-‐280

LEVEL X 59.5m 51-‐68

66m 57-‐75

72m 62-‐82

78m 67-‐89

84m 72-‐96

89.5m 77-‐102

114m 98-‐130

126m 108-‐144

150m 129-‐171

230.5m 149-‐198


42m 36-‐48

47.5m 41-‐54

53.5m 46-‐61

59.5m 51-‐68

66m 57-‐75

89.5m 77-‐102

101.5m 87-‐116

126m 108-‐144

150m 129-‐171


30m 26-‐34

36m 31-‐41

42m 36-‐48

47.5m 41-‐54

53.5m 46-‐61

78m 67-‐89

89.5m 77-‐102

101.5m 87-‐116

126m 108-‐144


24m 21-‐27

30m 26-‐34

36m 31-‐41

42m 36-‐48

47.5m 41-‐54

66m 57-‐75

78m 67-‐89

89.5m 77-‐102

101.5m 87-‐116


17.5m 15-‐20

24m 21-‐27

30m 26-‐34

36m 31-‐41

42m 36-‐48

53.5m 46-‐61

66m 57-‐75

78m 67-‐89

89.5m 77-‐102

LEVEL V 9m 6-‐12

13m 12+-‐14

15m 13-‐17

17.5m 15-‐20

25.5m 22-‐29

38m 33-‐43

47.5m 41-‐54

59.5m 51-‐68

72m 62-‐82

84m 72-‐96

LEVEL IV 6m 3-‐9

9m 6-‐12

13m 12+-‐14

15m 13-‐17

17.5m 15-‐20

25.5m 22-‐29

38m 33-‐43

50m 43-‐57

61.5m 53-‐70

73.5m 63-‐84

LEVEL III 2m 1-‐3

5m 3-‐8

8m 4-‐12

11m 9-‐12

14m 12+-‐16

19.5m 17-‐22

25.5m 22-‐29

38m 33-‐43

50m 43-‐57

59.5m 51-‐68

LEVEL II

0-‐90 d 4m 2-‐6

6m 3-‐9

8m 4-‐12

13m 12+-‐14

16m 14-‐18

19.5m 17-‐22

25.5m 22-‐29

38m 33-‐43

50m 43-‐57

LEVEL I

0-‐60 d

0-‐90 d 3m 2-‐5

4m 2-‐6

5.5m 3-‐8

8m 4-‐12

13m 12+-‐14

16m 14-‐18

19.5m 17-‐22

25.5m 22-‐29

Unranked

0-‐12m

Each Grid Cell Contains a Midpoint and a Range in Months




Offender Score 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9+


LEVEL XV 280m

240-‐320 291.5m 250-‐333

304m 261-‐347

316m 271-‐361

327.5m 281-‐374

339.5m 291-‐388

364m 312-‐416

394m 338-‐450

431.5m 370-‐493

479.5m 411-‐548

LEVEL XIV 171.5m 123-‐220

184m 134-‐234

194m 144-‐244

204m 154-‐254

215m 165-‐265

225m 175-‐275

245m 195-‐295

266m 216-‐316

307m 257-‐357

347.5m 298-‐397

LEVEL XIII 143.5m 123-‐164

156m 134-‐178

168m 144-‐192

179.5m 154-‐205

192m 165-‐219

204m 175-‐233

227.5m 195-‐260

252m 216-‐288

299.5m 257.342

347.5m 298-‐397


119m 102-‐136

129m 111-‐147

140m 120-‐160

150m 129-‐171

161m 138-‐184

189m 162-‐216

207m 178-‐236

243m 209-‐277

279m 240-‐318

LEVEL XI 90m

78-‐102 100m 86-‐114

100m 95-‐125

119m 102-‐136

129m 111-‐147

139m 120-‐158

170m 146-‐194

185m 159-‐211

215m 185-‐245

245m 210-‐280

LEVEL X 59.5m 51-‐68

66m 57-‐75

72m 62-‐82

78m 67-‐89

84m 72-‐96

89.5m 77-‐102

114m 98-‐130

126m 108-‐144

150m 129-‐171

230.5m 149-‐198


42m 36-‐48

47.5m 41-‐54

53.5m 46-‐61

59.5m 51-‐68

66m 57-‐75

89.5m 77-‐102

101.5m 87-‐116

126m 108-‐144

150m 129-‐171


30m 26-‐34

36m 31-‐41

42m 36-‐48

47.5m 41-‐54

53.5m 46-‐61

78m 67-‐89

89.5m 77-‐102

101.5m 87-‐116

126m 108-‐144


24m 21-‐27

30m 26-‐34

36m 31-‐41

42m 36-‐48

47.5m 41-‐54

66m 57-‐75

78m 67-‐89

89.5m 77-‐102

101.5m 87-‐116


17.5m 15-‐20

24m 21-‐27

30m 26-‐34

36m 31-‐41

42m 36-‐48

53.5m 46-‐61

66m 57-‐75

78m 67-‐89

89.5m 77-‐102

LEVEL V 9m 6-‐12

13m 12+-‐14

15m 13-‐17

17.5m 15-‐20

25.5m 22-‐29

38m 33-‐43

47.5m 41-‐54

59.5m 51-‐68

72m 62-‐82

84m 72-‐96

LEVEL IV 6m 3-‐9

9m 6-‐12

13m 12+-‐14

15m 13-‐17

17.5m 15-‐20

25.5m 22-‐29

38m 33-‐43

50m 43-‐57

61.5m 53-‐70

73.5m 63-‐84

LEVEL III 2m 1-‐3

5m 3-‐8

8m 4-‐12

11m 9-‐12

14m 12+-‐16

19.5m 17-‐22

25.5m 22-‐29

38m 33-‐43

50m 43-‐57

59.5m 51-‐68

LEVEL II

0-‐90 d 4m 2-‐6

6m 3-‐9

8m 4-‐12

13m 12+-‐14

16m 14-‐18

19.5m 17-‐22

25.5m 22-‐29

38m 33-‐43

50m 43-‐57

LEVEL I

0-‐60 d

0-‐90 d 3m 2-‐5

4m 2-‐6

5.5m 3-‐8

8m 4-‐12

13m 12+-‐14

16m 14-‐18

19.5m 17-‐22

25.5m 22-‐29

Unranked

0-‐12m

17.5 m 15-‐20

Sentences Within a Seriousness Level or Offense Type Vary Widely Depending on Offender Score




Offender Score 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9+


LEVEL XV 280m

240-‐320 291.5m 250-‐333

304m 261-‐347

316m 271-‐361

327.5m 281-‐374

339.5m 291-‐388

364m 312-‐416

394m 338-‐450

431.5m 370-‐493

479.5m 411-‐548

LEVEL XIV 171.5m 123-‐220

184m 134-‐234

194m 144-‐244

204m 154-‐254

215m 165-‐265

225m 175-‐275

245m 195-‐295

266m 216-‐316

307m 257-‐357

347.5m 298-‐397

LEVEL XIII 143.5m 123-‐164

156m 134-‐178

168m 144-‐192

179.5m 154-‐205

192m 165-‐219

204m 175-‐233

227.5m 195-‐260

252m 216-‐288

299.5m 257.342

347.5m 298-‐397


119m 102-‐136

129m 111-‐147

140m 120-‐160

150m 129-‐171

161m 138-‐184

189m 162-‐216

207m 178-‐236

243m 209-‐277

279m 240-‐318

LEVEL XI 90m

78-‐102 100m 86-‐114

100m 95-‐125

119m 102-‐136

129m 111-‐147

139m 120-‐158

170m 146-‐194

185m 159-‐211

215m 185-‐245

245m 210-‐280

LEVEL X 59.5m 51-‐68

66m 57-‐75

72m 62-‐82

78m 67-‐89

84m 72-‐96

89.5m 77-‐102

114m 98-‐130

126m 108-‐144

150m 129-‐171

230.5m 149-‐198


42m 36-‐48

47.5m 41-‐54

53.5m 46-‐61

59.5m 51-‐68

66m 57-‐75

89.5m 77-‐102

101.5m 87-‐116

126m 108-‐144

150m 129-‐171


30m 26-‐34

36m 31-‐41

42m 36-‐48

47.5m 41-‐54

53.5m 46-‐61

78m 67-‐89

89.5m 77-‐102

101.5m 87-‐116

126m 108-‐144


24m 21-‐27

30m 26-‐34

36m 31-‐41

42m 36-‐48

47.5m 41-‐54

66m 57-‐75

78m 67-‐89

89.5m 77-‐102

101.5m 87-‐116


17.5m 15-‐20

24m 21-‐27

30m 26-‐34

36m 31-‐41

42m 36-‐48

53.5m 46-‐61

66m 57-‐75

78m 67-‐89

89.5m 77-‐102

LEVEL V 9m 6-‐12

13m 12+-‐14

15m 13-‐17

17.5m 15-‐20

25.5m 22-‐29

38m 33-‐43

47.5m 41-‐54

59.5m 51-‐68

72m 62-‐82

84m 72-‐96

LEVEL IV 6m 3-‐9

9m 6-‐12

13m 12+-‐14

15m 13-‐17

17.5m 15-‐20

25.5m 22-‐29

38m 33-‐43

50m 43-‐57

61.5m 53-‐70

73.5m 63-‐84

LEVEL III 2m 1-‐3

5m 3-‐8

8m 4-‐12

11m 9-‐12

14m 12+-‐16

19.5m 17-‐22

25.5m 22-‐29

38m 33-‐43

50m 43-‐57

59.5m 51-‐68

LEVEL II

0-‐90 d 4m 2-‐6

6m 3-‐9

8m 4-‐12

13m 12+-‐14

16m 14-‐18

19.5m 17-‐22

25.5m 22-‐29

38m 33-‐43

50m 43-‐57

LEVEL I

0-‐60 d

0-‐90 d 3m 2-‐5

4m 2-‐6

5.5m 3-‐8

8m 4-‐12

13m 12+-‐14

16m 14-‐18

19.5m 17-‐22

25.5m 22-‐29

Unranked

0-‐12m

Range across Offender Score 1 m – 68 m

Unlike Other States That Sentence to Proba<on in Lower Sec<ons of the Grid, Washington Uses Mostly Confinement


Minnesota Sentencing Grid

Presump<ve proba<on with up to a year of confinement


Offender Score 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9+


LEVEL XV 280m

240-‐320 291.5m 250-‐333

304m 261-‐347

316m 271-‐361

327.5m 281-‐374

339.5m 291-‐388

364m 312-‐416

394m 338-‐450

431.5m 370-‐493

479.5m 411-‐548

LEVEL XIV 171.5m 123-‐220

184m 134-‐234

194m 144-‐244

204m 154-‐254

215m 165-‐265

225m 175-‐275

245m 195-‐295

266m 216-‐316

307m 257-‐357

347.5m 298-‐397

LEVEL XIII 143.5m 123-‐164

156m 134-‐178

168m 144-‐192

179.5m 154-‐205

192m 165-‐219

204m 175-‐233

227.5m 195-‐260

252m 216-‐288

299.5m 257.342

347.5m 298-‐397


119m 102-‐136

129m 111-‐147

140m 120-‐160

150m 129-‐171

161m 138-‐184

189m 162-‐216

207m 178-‐236

243m 209-‐277

279m 240-‐318

LEVEL XI 90m

78-‐102 100m 86-‐114

100m 95-‐125

119m 102-‐136

129m 111-‐147

139m 120-‐158

170m 146-‐194

185m 159-‐211

215m 185-‐245

245m 210-‐280

LEVEL X 59.5m 51-‐68

66m 57-‐75

72m 62-‐82

78m 67-‐89

84m 72-‐96

89.5m 77-‐102

114m 98-‐130

126m 108-‐144

150m 129-‐171

230.5m 149-‐198


42m 36-‐48

47.5m 41-‐54

53.5m 46-‐61

59.5m 51-‐68

66m 57-‐75

89.5m 77-‐102

101.5m 87-‐116

126m 108-‐144

150m 129-‐171


30m 26-‐34

36m 31-‐41

42m 36-‐48

47.5m 41-‐54

53.5m 46-‐61

78m 67-‐89

89.5m 77-‐102

101.5m 87-‐116

126m 108-‐144


24m 21-‐27

30m 26-‐34

36m 31-‐41

42m 36-‐48

47.5m 41-‐54

66m 57-‐75

78m 67-‐89

89.5m 77-‐102

101.5m 87-‐116


17.5m 15-‐20

24m 21-‐27

30m 26-‐34

36m 31-‐41

42m 36-‐48

53.5m 46-‐61

66m 57-‐75

78m 67-‐89

89.5m 77-‐102

LEVEL V 9m 6-‐12

13m 12+-‐14

15m 13-‐17

17.5m 15-‐20

25.5m 22-‐29

38m 33-‐43

47.5m 41-‐54

59.5m 51-‐68

72m 62-‐82

84m 72-‐96

LEVEL IV 6m 3-‐9

9m 6-‐12

13m 12+-‐14

15m 13-‐17

17.5m 15-‐20

25.5m 22-‐29

38m 33-‐43

50m 43-‐57

61.5m 53-‐70

73.5m 63-‐84

LEVEL III 2m 1-‐3

5m 3-‐8

8m 4-‐12

11m 9-‐12

14m 12+-‐16

19.5m 17-‐22

25.5m 22-‐29

38m 33-‐43

50m 43-‐57

59.5m 51-‐68

LEVEL II

0-‐90 d 4m 2-‐6

6m 3-‐9

8m 4-‐12

13m 12+-‐14

16m 14-‐18

19.5m 17-‐22

25.5m 22-‐29

38m 33-‐43

50m 43-‐57

LEVEL I

0-‐60 d

0-‐90 d 3m 2-‐5

4m 2-‐6

5.5m 3-‐8

8m 4-‐12

13m 12+-‐14

16m 14-‐18

19.5m 17-‐22

25.5m 22-‐29

Unranked

0-‐12m

Washington Sentencing Grid

Up to one year of confinement

Washington U<lizes Supervision as a Felony Sentence Less Than the Na<onal Average and Other Recent JR States

Source: Statewide Disposi)ons – Fiscal Year 2012, Office of Community Alterna<ves, MI Dept. of Correc<ons, November 2012; KS Felony Sentencing Data; Structured Sentencing Sta)s)cal Report FY 2011/12, NC Sentencing and Policy Advisory Commission; BJS Felony Sentences in State Courts, 2006 –Sta<s<cal Tables; WA Caseload Forecast Council sentencing data..


Proba$on Only

23%

Jail 28%

Proba$on Only

27%

Prison

21%

Michigan BJS Na$onal Study

Prison

42%

Proba$on Only

34%

Prison

24%

Proba$on Only

69%

Kansas North Carolina

Prison

39%

Washington

Prison

42%

Proba$on Only

58%

Idaho

Jail 49%

Supervision In Lieu of Incarcera$on

10%

Jail 55%

Prison

41%

Jail 24%

Jail 7%

Washington Has A Wider Sentence Range and Fewer Sentencing Op<ons for Second Degree Burglary Compared to Other States

0 months 70 months

Washington 1– 68 months confinement

North Carolina 10 – 19 months proba$on

Kansas 12– 27 months presump<ve proba$on

Minnesota 12 -‐ 21 months proba$on

29 – 32 months confinement



10 20 30 40 50 60


Certain Offenses Trigger Double-‐ or Triple-‐coun<ng of Similar Prior Convic<ons in the Offender Score


Offender 1 1.  Del, Possess W/I to Deliver

Methamphetamine 2.  Assault 3 3.  Robbery 2

Offender 2 1.  Burglary 2 2.  Burglary 2 3.  Burglary 2

Current Offense: Burglary,

Second Degree

Adult Criminal History: Four Felony Convic$ons

Offender Score

3

6

Sentence Range

22 – 29 months

9-‐12 months

1 2

(1 point) (1 point) (1 point)

(2 points) (2 points) (2 points)

11 mo

19 mo

43% 46%

Offender Score Increases Prison Time for Offenders With Similar Criminal History and Re-‐Arrest Rate


FY2010 Prison

Releases in Seriousness Levels 4 or Lower with 3 to 5 Prior Felony Arrests

(N=1,331)

Offender Score 0-‐4 Offender Score 5-‐9+

Offender Score 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9+

Three Year Felony

Re-‐Arrest Rate

Average Prison

Length of Stay

43% 46%

19 months

11 months

Offender Score 0-‐4

Offender Score 5-‐9+

Offender Score 0-‐4

Offender Score 5-‐9+

Re-‐arrest rate

Length of stay

Source: Jus<ce Center analysis of DOC and WSP data.

Offender Score Correlates Strongly with Number of Prior Felony Arrests


Average Number of Prior Felony Arrests by Offender Score, FY2013 Prison Admissions – Drug Grid or Seriousness Level 4 or lower

*Arrests include felony offenses, excluding CC or parole viola<ons

Source: Jus<ce Center analysis of CFC and WSP data.

Offender Score

Prior Felony Arrests

3

10

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9+

Rela<onship Between Offender Score and Re-‐Arrest Rate Diminishes for Offender Scores 4 through 8


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9+

Three Year

One Year

22%

11%

47%

26%

58%

30%

One and Three Year Felony Re-‐Arrest Rates by Offender Score, FY2010 Prison Releases – Drug Grid or Seriousness Level 4 or lower

N = 5,168

Median Age at Release

30 31 29 28 29 30 32 33 36 38


N=320 N=214 N=366 N=387 N=611 N=542 N=623 N=424 N=373 N=1,308

§  Other states u<lize community supervision as a sentence in lieu of confinement for a greater propor<on of felony sentences

Key Findings Regarding Sentencing Policies


§  In Washington, the sentencing range is significantly wider than other guideline states, based on criminal history

§  Prison sentences are longer for repeat offenders in Washington than other guidelines states

§  Recidivism does not vary significantly based on offender score for those scoring 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; but sentence length does



Public Safety

Prison Growth


•  Recidivism analysis •  Impact of supervision



The On-‐Hand Prison Popula<on is Concentrated in the Upper Lep and Lower Right Sec<ons of the Grid



Offender Score

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9+ Unknown Offender Score


LEVEL XV 158 808

LEVEL XIV 204 250

LEVEL XIII

LEVEL XII 303 108 235 124 217 597

LEVEL XI 164 118 180

LEVEL X 164 126 101 140 160

LEVEL IX 143 137 100 369 272

LEVEL VIII

LEVEL VII 125 349

LEVEL VI

LEVEL V 108 106 204

LEVEL IV 106 137 146 128 180 214 195 134 817 180

LEVEL III 177 151 170 181 174 733 102

LEVEL II 103 149 712

LEVEL I 341

Serio

usne

ss Level Offender Score

0 to 2 3 to 5 6 to 9+

LEVEL III

LEVEL II 212 347 568

LEVEL I 129 384

FY2013 End-‐of Year Prison Popula<on

Standard Grid Drug Grid

Shaded grid cells represent a popula$on over 100

*Excludes approx. 2% of popula<on with unknown Seriousness Level Source: Jus<ce Center analysis of DOC data.

Detail of Drug Grid and Level I – IV Standard Grid Felony Sentences in FY2013


Drug (4,976)

Possession of a Controlled Substance, Schedules III, IV,

or V: 63%

Possession of a Controlled Substance, Schedule I or II: 26%

Forged Prescrip CS: 3%

Man, Del, or Poss Marijuana: 5%

Other: 2%

Jail 3,002

Possession of a Controlled Substance, III, IV, or V:

37%

Poss CS Sch I, II: 14%

Del or Poss Meth : 17%

Man, Del, or Poss Cocaine: 18%

Man/Del/Poss Sch I/II: 6%

Prison 1,974

Other: 8%

Property (7,784)

Thei 1 + 2: 22%

MV Thei + Possession of a Stolen Vehicle2: 13%

Forgery + ID Thei: 2: 15%

Residen$al Burglary: 9%

Jail 4,746

Poss. + Traf 1 + Traf 2 of Stolen

Property: 18%

Burglary 2: 16%

Malicious Mischief 2: 4%

Other: 7%

MV Thei + Possession of a

Stolen Vehicle: 22%

ID Thei + Forgery: 15%

Prison 3,038

Residen$al Burglary: 18%

Burglary 2: 16%

Thei 1 + 2: 10%

Traf. 1 + Poss 2 of Stolen Property: 10%

Other: 9%

Violent/Crimes Against Person/Sex (3,170)

Jail 1,888

Prison 1,282

Assault 3: 48%

Unlawful Poss. Of Firearm 2: 12% Robbery 2: 7%

Vehicular Assault Under Influence: 4%

Other: 13%

Assault 2: 35%

Assault 3: 23%

Robbery 2: 15%

Unlawful Poss. Of Firearm 2: 13%

Other: 14%

Source: Jus<ce Center Analysis of CFC’s Sentencing Data

Assault 2: 16%

Admissions to Prison Have Remained Steady While the Average Length of Stay Has Increased Since 2004


22

24

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Average LOS for Prison Releases Number of Prison Admissions

Average LOS (months)

Number of Prison

Admissions

Number of Prison Admissions and Average Length of Stay for Prison Releases, FY2004 and FY2013

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Prison Admissions for Seriousness Level 3 & 4 Offenses Have Increased in Number and Propor<on Since FY2009


Number of Prison Admissions by Seriousness Level, FY2009 to FY2013

*Excludes approx. 1% of admissions with unknown Seriousness Level

Source: Jus<ce Center analysis of DOC data.

Drug 1

Drug 2 Drug 3

Levels 0-‐2

Levels 3-‐4

Levels 5-‐7

Levels 8+

2,315 29%

2,730 34%

N = 7,755 N = 7,667 N = 7,669 N = 8,124 N = 8,092

10%

One-‐Third of the FY13 On Hand Prison Popula<on Were Sentenced for Offenses in Seriousness Levels 0 -‐ 4

Council of State Governments Jus<ce Center 27 Source: Jus<ce Center analysis of DOC data.

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

Standard Sentencing

Grid Levels

Drug Grid Levels

1-‐2

3-‐4

5-‐7

8-‐10

11-‐13

14-‐16

1 2 3 (1%)

0 (1%)

FY2013 On Hand Prison Popula<on

N = 17,723

*Excludes approx. 2% of popula<on with unknown Seriousness Level

64% of the popula<on in Seriousness Levels 0 – 4 are in prison for Assault, Burglary, or Thep

12%

16%

14%

13%

7% 3%

23%

= 34%

Assault 2 14% Residen<al Burglary 11% Burglary 2 11% Thep 11% MV Thep 9% Assault 3 8%

Drug Offenders Composed a Smaller Propor<on of Prison Admissions in FY2013 Compared to Earlier Years


Violent: 3,201 38%

Drug: 2,531 30%

Property: 2,342 28%

Other: 426, 5%

FY2004 Prison Admission Offense Types (N=8,500)

Drug Possession: 971 (38%)

Violent: 3,355 41%

Drug: 1,710 21%

Property: 2,533 31%

Other: 526, 7%


Drug Possession: 759 (44%)


Violent category was classified using RCW code and includes Homicide, Assault, Kidnapping, Sex Offenses, Criminal Mistreatment, Harassment, Family Offenses and Robbery

Over Half of Drug and Property Offenders Admiked to Prison in FY2013 Did Not Have a Prior Violent Felony Arrest


Violent: 3,355 41%

Drug: 1,710 21%

Property: 2,533 31%

Other: 526, 7%


4,243

No Prior Violent Felony Arrest: 2,604

62%

Prior Violent Felony Arrest: 1,601

38%

Not Available: 38, 1%

2,604

0 or 1 Prior Felony Arrest: 640

25%

2 to 5 Prior Felony Arrests: 943

36%

6 to 10 Prior Felony Arrests: 596

23%

10 or More Prior Felony Arrests: 425

16%

Prior Violent Arrest for Property & Drug Offenders

Number of Prior Arrests for Property & Drug Offenders

See notes regarding the “640” group


Violent category was classified using RCW code and includes Homicide, Assault, Kidnapping, Sex Offenses, Criminal Mistreatment, Harassment, Family Offenses and Robbery

The Number of Prison Admissions That Have One or More Prior Admissions has Increased


Prison Admissions, FY2004 and FY2013

3,722

4,778

One or More Prior Admissions

First Admission to Prison

44%

4,164 3,960

One or More Prior Admissions First Admission to Prison

51%

FY2004 FY2013


Property and Drug Offenders Have Similar Rates of Alcohol and Other Drug (AOD) Needs


Prevalence of MH and AOD Needs by Offense Type, FY2013 Prison Admissions

*Need defined as “Moderate” or “High” on the DOC Offender Needs Assessment

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

All Admissions

Property Offenders

Drug Offenders

No BH Needs MH Needs MH & AOD Needs AOD Needs

70%

68%

61%

12%

12%

12%

50%

85%

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9+

11%

20%

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9+

7%

18%

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9+

People With Higher Offender Scores Have Higher Prevalence Rates of Mental Health and Alcohol/Drug Needs


Offender Score Offender Score

Offender Score

Percent of Admissions with a Mental Health Need, FY2013

Percent of Admissions with an Alcohol/Drug Need, FY2013

Percent of Admissions with a MH and AOD Need, FY2013

*Need defined as “Moderate” or “High” on the DOC Offender Needs Assessment


Approximately 80% of Drug and Property Offenders Who Recidivate Commit a Drug or Property Offense as Their First Re-‐Arrest


Other

Drug

Property

Violent

Other Drug Property Violent

27%

55% 55%

24%

First Re-‐Arrest Offense Type for 3 Year Recidivists FY2013 Prison Releases

Drug Offenders Property Offenders

Key Findings Regarding Prison Growth


§  A sizeable por<on of the prison popula<on are offenders convicted for

lower severity offenses, but most have mul<ple prior arrests

§  Prison admissions have been fairly stable, but average length of stay

has increased

§  Property and drug offenders open share similar criminal history

backgrounds, consis<ng of mostly property and drug arrests, and have higher rates of behavioral health needs



Public Safety

Prison Growth


•  Recidivism analysis •  Impact of supervision and programming



Spending on Prison-‐Based Programs Has Remained Steady Over the Years


$0

$5,000,000

$10,000,000

$15,000,000

$20,000,000

$25,000,000

$30,000,000

$35,000,000

FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13

Chemical Dependency Treatment

Offender Change Programming

Educa<onal Services

Sex Offender Treatment

Correc<onal Programming Expenditure, FY04-‐FY13

Source: Data received from the Department of Correc<ons Budget Office

Spending on Community-‐Based Programs Has Increased Significantly


Community Supervision Programming Expenditures, FY04-‐FY13

*Sex Offender Treatment funding for FY04 and FY05 was not separated or tracked financially and chemical dependency treatment funding for FY04, FY05, FY06, and FY07 was not separated financially. Source: Data received from the Department of Correc<ons Budget Office

0

2000000

4000000

6000000

8000000

10000000

12000000

14000000

16000000

18000000

20000000

FY04* FY05* FY06* FY07* FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13

Chemical Dependency Treatment

Chemical Dependency Treatment: Residen<al DOSA

Chemical Dependency Treatment: Out-‐Pa<ent

Chemical Dependency Treatment: In-‐Pa<ent

Offender Change Programming

Offender Job Training

Sex Offender Treatment

One Year Recidivism Rates for Offenders Released from Prison Have Remained Stable or Declined Slightly Since FY2004


One Year Re-‐Arrest, Re-‐Convic<on and Return to Prison Rates, FY2004 to FY2013 Prison Releases

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

23%

18%

29%

11% 13%

Return to Prison

Felony Re-‐Arrest

15% Felony Re-‐Convic$on

21%

9%

13%

Source: Jus<ce Center analysis of DOC, WSP, and AOC data.

33%

45%

19%

32%

Lower Seriousness Level Offenders Have Much Higher Recidivism Rates Than Higher Seriousness Level Offenders


Seriousness Level 5 or Higher

Felony Re-‐Arrest Rate

Return to Prison Rate

Three Year Felony Re-‐Arrest and Return to Prison Rates by Seriousness Level, FY2010 Prison Releases

Seriousness Level 4 or Lower & Drug Grid


Felony Re-‐Arrest Rate

Return to Prison Rate

Percent of Prison Releases Going to Supervision Has Declined, Especially Among Lower Severity Offenders (Drug & Level 0-‐4)


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Percent of Prison Releases on Supervision Upon Release by Seriousness Level, FY2004 to FY2013


69%

78%

85% 91% 88% 89%

Seriousness Level 5 or Higher

Seriousness Level 4 or Lower & Drug Grid

Policy Changes Over 30 Years Have Greatly Altered Who Receives Post-‐Release Supervision


Pre-‐1984

Post-‐Jail/As a Sentence Post-‐Prison

Property Drug Violent* Property Drug Violent*

L,M H

Post-‐1984

2003

Today

1999

L,M Low-‐ and Moderate-‐Risk High-‐Risk

Supervision has been maintained for serious violent

offenses, sex offenses, and those with alterna<ve

sentences regardless of risk.

*Violent includes violent offenses and crime against a person offenses.

H

L,M H

H

H

L,M H L,M H

H

H

L,M H

L,M H

L,M H

L,M H

L,M H

L,M H

L,M H

L,M H

L,M H

H H

H H

L,M H

Source: Communica<ons with Washington Department of Correc<ons staff. Washington State Legislature. 56th Legisla<ve Session. [SB 5421] Enhancing supervision of offenders. Washington State Legislature. 58th Legisla<ve Session. [SB 5990] Changing )mes and supervision standards for release of offenders. Washington State Legislature. 61st Legisla<ve Session. [SB 6162] Providing for the supervision of offenders sentenced to community.

Current Policy Regarding Who Receives Supervision

Supervision No Supervision

All individuals convicted of a:

•  Serious Violent Offense •  Sex Offense

High-‐Risk individuals convicted of a:

•  Drug Offense •  Violent Offense

•  Crime Against a Person Offense

Individuals who receive the following sentencing alterna<ves:

•  Prison-‐Based DOSA •  Residen$al DOSA

•  First Time Offender Waiver •  Family and Offender Sentencing

Alterna$ve

All individuals convicted of a:

•  Property Offense (non-‐DOSA)

Low-‐ and Moderate-‐Risk individuals convicted of a:

•  Drug Offense •  Violent Offense

•  Crime Against a Person Offense


Three Out of Four Property Offenders Released Unsupervised Are Classified High Risk


FY2010 Prison Releases

7,805


Released Unsupervised

1,909 25%

Property Offenders

860 45%

High Risk

642 75%

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Burglary Arrests Has Increased Since 2004, Driven by the Increase in Repeat Burglary Arrests


Prior Burglary Arrest

Prior Felony (Non-‐Burglary) Arrest

No Prior Felony Arrests

Number of Burglary Arrests by Arrest History, FY2004 to FY2013

46% of all burglary arrests

Percent of all burglary arrests

26%

6,579

7,726

Key Findings Regarding Public Safety


§  Resources to reduce recidivism through community-‐based programs

has increased, and overall recidivism rates have declined

§  Lower severity offenders released from prison are more likely to be re-‐arrested, but are less likely to be supervised

§  A growing share of individuals arrested for burglary had a prior

burglary record

Key Takeaways

1. Washington’s sentencing guidelines dictate less use of supervision in lieu of incarcera<on and longer sentences for repeat property offenders than other states.

2. A growing number of prison admissions are lower severity offenders and today they account for 1 out of 3 people in prison.

3. Lower severity offenders are more likely to be re-‐arrested, and less likely to be supervised aper release from prison or jail.

4. Washington s<ll has the third highest property crime rate in the country.


2015 Session

Proposed Timeline


May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Policy Rollout and Bill

Introduc<on

Stakeholder Engagement Policy Op<on Development

Bill Draping

Provide Info to Policymakers and Media and

Keep Stakeholders Involved

Taskforce Mee$ng #1

Project Launch Taskforce Mee<ng #2

Taskforce Mee<ng #3

Taskforce Mee<ng #4

Ini<al Data Analysis Detailed Data Analysis Final Data Analysis Impact Analysis

Data Analysis

Stakeholder Involvement


Thank You

Karen Chung, Policy Analyst [email protected] csgjus<cecenter.org/subscribe

This material was prepared for the State of Washington. The presenta<on was developed by members of the Council of State Governments Jus<ce Center staff. Because presenta<ons are not subject to the same rigorous review process as other printed materials, the statements made reflect the views of the authors, and should not be considered the official posi<on of the Jus<ce Center, the members of the Council of State Governments, or the funding agency suppor<ng the work.

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