wash project-emile
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Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Issues
Karlyn G. Emile, MPH, CHES
Nova Southeastern University
College Of Health Care Sciences, Department Of Health Science
C. Lynn Chevalier, DHSC., MPH (CPH), MS, CSSGB, CPC
DHS 8750: Patient Safety And Medical Error
The Problem
36% of the world’s population – 2.5 billion people – lack sanitation facilities, and 768 million people still use unsafe drinking water sources.
http://www.unicef.org/wash/
• Globally, an estimated 633 million people lack access to safe water sources.
• 2.4 billion do not use improved sanitation.
• Despite substantial progress made during the last decades, many global populations still do not have safe water supplies or access to improved sanitation.
• The pathogens that cause diarrhea are usually spread by water that has been tainted with human or animal feces
Source: Unicef, & World Health Organization, 2014.
Eighty-two per cent of the one billion people practicing open defecation in the world live in 10 countries
Source: Unicef, & World Health Organization, 2014.
• Diarrhea is the main killer of children.
• It is estimated to have killed 558,000 children aged 1−59 months in 2014.
Source: Unicef, & World Health Organization, 2014.
Diarrhea
Causes of Death in Children ≤ 5
Pneumonia 19%
Malaria 8%
Other, 10%
Injuries, 3%
Measles 4%
Diarrhoea 17%
HIV/AIDS 3%
Neonatal 37%
Poor hygiene, lack of access to sanitation and unsafe drinking
water together contribute to about 88% of diarrhoea
deaths
>50% Attributable to Undernutrition
Worldwide Disease & Disability
• 4 billion cases of diarrhea each year
• 10% of the developing world suffer from intestinal worm infections
• 6 million people are blind from trachoma
• 200 million people in the world are infected with schistosomiasis
Source: he Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC), 2016
Progress on Sanitation and Drinking Water
Fifty-six countries have already met the MDG target for both
Source: Unicef, & World Health Organization, 2014.
Drinking Water Sanitation Drinking waterand sanitation
Met target 116 77 56
On track to meet target
31 29 20
Progress insufficient
5 10 --
Not on track to meet target
40 69 30
WASH Interventions
Fewtrell et al. (2005). Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet, 5(1), 45-52.
Diarrheal disease reduction from improvements in water
and sanitation
Hygeine Sanitation Water supply Water quality Multiple Handwashing05
1015202530354045
% Reduction in Disease Morbidity
% Reduction in Disease Morbility
Adapted from: Fewtrell et al. (2005). Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet, 5(1), 45-52.
Hand washing tops the list for cost-effectiveness!
• Low rates of hand washing are rarely caused by a lack of soap.
• Research shows that a major culprit for low rates of hand washing with soap is that this is simply not a habit.
• The challenge remains: make hand washing with soap a worldwide habit and social norm.
Source: http://globalhandwashing.org/why/benefits
Hand-Washing
Unilever Is Making A Difference in Hygiene & Sanitation
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObuLvQpqtl0Please watch the video
Multi-sector Involvement for WASH Success
Global Grassroots Organizatio
ns
Private Sector
Research Institutes
Global Aid Organizatio
nsCommuniti
es
Water Sanitation in Uganda
Source: Land Rover 'Journey of Discovery' in Uganda - One Year Onhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7UL6Poj2bw Please watch the video
Special Olympics International’s
(SOI) Role in WASHAs the leading provider of public health to IDD populations worldwide, WASH and prevention of diarrheal disease is a priority for Special Olympics-Healthy Community.
SOI and WASH• Special Olympics is well positioned to expand their WASH
model to reach people with ID and their families throughout the less developed world.
• To date, Special Olympics has implemented WASH programming in partnership with UNICEF in Nigeria, Uganda and Malawi.
• The model involves:
• Sustainable WASH education for ID individuals and their families (at family health forums).
• Building partnerships with community health workers.
• Wide distribution of water purification tablets.
• Health outcomes, including reduction in diarrheal disease, have been improved as a result of the SOI WASH projects (UNICEF, 2014).
Tips for Student InvolvementConduct a review of current interventions and develop one that is tailored to people with ID.
• This may begin with a search for WASH among people with low literacy rates, children, etc.
Plan projects for WASH solutions in less developed regions.
Create presentations or interventions on specific WASH topics that may be presented at Family Health Forums in Nigeria, Malawi and Uganda and other regions that Special Olympics serve.
Water Sanitation and Hygiene(WASH) topics may include the following:
• Hand washing
• Proper hygiene
• Hydration
• Water treatment
• Proper toilet use etc.
Some Tips for Success…• Tailor messages to culture, region, and
learning level.
• Messages and materials should be simple, practical and easy to use.
• Use one theme to maximize impact – hand washing, sanitation, water quality, etc.
• Build on existing knowledge & practices.
References• International Federation of Red Cross (2013, March 19). Land Rover journey of
discovery' in Uganda: One year on. [Video file]. Retrieved fromhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7UL6Poj2bw
• Fewtrell et al. (2005). Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet, 5(1), 45-52.
• Unicef, & World Health Organization. (2014). Progress on sanitation and drinking water: 2014 update. World Health Organization.
• Unilever (2014, December 5). Here’s how Unilever is making a difference in hygiene & sanitation: Our brands in action. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObuLvQpqtl0
• Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council. (2016, May 6). Who are we. Retrieved from http://wsscc.org/who-we-are/
• Partnership for Hand Washing. (2016, May 6). Retrieved from Glohttp://www.cdc.gov/safewater/disease.htmlbal Public-Private
• Global Hand Washing. (2016, May 6). Retrieved from www.globalhandwashing.org
For more Information
Please contact:
Karlyn G. Emile, MPH, CHES
D.H.Sc. Candidate 2016
Director, South Florida Healthy Community
Regional Clinical Advisor-Health Promotion (SOI)
Special Olympics Florida
6411 Taft Street
Hollywood, FL 33024
P (954) 901-9232