Warm Up

Research and discuss common vocabulary words. Write definitions and meanings in the box.

JOHN F. KENNEDY (1961-1963)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=7vUBdJPk-VA&feature=fvwp

How was the Cold War intensified under John F. Kennedy?Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961)- was an unsuccessful military invasion of Cuba undertaken by the paramilitary group Brigade 2506 in April 1961. A counter-revolutionary militia trained and funded by the United States government's Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Brigade 2506 fronted the armed wing of the Democratic Revolutionary Front (DRF) and intended to overthrow the revolutionary leftist government of President Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado. Launched from Guatemala, the invading force was defeated by the Cuban armed forces, under the command of Prime Minister Fidel Castro, within three days.

Plan was put together by the CIA and Eisenhower’s administration. Kennedy went along with the plan.

What was the goal of the Bay Of Pigs Invasion?

GO TO YOUR READ-A-LONG PAGE. DISCUSS WITH YOUR PARTNER THE FOLLOWING

QUESTION:

The failed invasion strengthened the position of Castro's administration, who proceeded to openly proclaim their intention to adopt socialism and strengthen ties with the Soviet Union, leading to the events of the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. The invasion was a major embarrassment for U.S. foreign policy, with Kennedy ordering a number of internal investigations. Across much of Latin America, it was celebrated as evidence of the fallibility of U.S. imperialism.

Kennedy doesn’t trust the CIA after this blows up in his face.

How did the outcome of the Bay Of Pigs Invasion effect politics in Cuba and the U.S.?

GO TO YOUR READ-A-LONG PAGE. DISCUSS WITH YOUR PARTNER THE FOLLOWING

QUESTION:

REMEMBER THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE?

We had put missiles in Turkey which were pointed at USSR. However, the U.S. does not make that public.

In retaliation, the U.S.S.R. put missiles in Cuba.

WE HAVE A BIG PROBLEM WITH SOVIET MISSILES IN CUBA!

In addition to the embargo we placed on Cuban goods. The U.S. also places a military blocked around Cuba to prevent the Soviet’s from giving support to Cuba.

Soviet’s send their Atlantic ships to help Cuba.

Cuban Missile Crisis – During the October 1962 crisis, President John F. Kennedy warned Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev that an attack launched on the United States from missiles based in Cuba would be considered an attack from the Soviet Union.

The military leaders are encouraging Kennedy to invade Cuba. However, if the U.S. invades Cubathen the U.S.S.R. would respond. Then allies of both countries would have to responded. And if we all were to go to war this would be another world war. Expect withthe nuclear weapons it would be what historians call mutually assured destruction .

For the next 13 days, the U.S. and Soviet tensions are at an all time high.

JFK enlists the behind the scenes help of his brother, Attorney General Robert (Bobby) Kennedy to help figure out a way to end this crisis without war. So Bobby and Soviet Prime Minister Dmitry Polyansky make an agreement that the U.S. will take missiles out of Turkey.

Also, that the Soviets will not make this public for 6 months. By that time Americans will not care very much.

In 1963 Kennedy secured a nuclear test-ban treaty with the Soviets. Direct communication between the White House and the Kremlin was enacted so the nations’ leaders could communicate in times of crisis. The Soviet Union was forced to remove missiles from Cuba against the wishes of Fidel Castro.

A red telephone known as the Hotline is installed in the White House and Moscow. Allowing for direct communication between leaders in the US and Russia, it connected directly with the Kremlin. 

Kennedy addresses the American people and get to be the hero for ending this crisis.

What were 3 effects of the Cuban Missile Crisis?

GO TO YOUR READ-A-LONG PAGE. DISCUSS WITH YOUR PARTNER THE FOLLOWING

QUESTION:

Space Race – began with the Soviet launch of SPUTNIK I in 1957. The Soviet Union launch of the first spacecraft to orbit the Earth led to the creation of NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) and increased funding for math and science education as the U.S. strived to become and remain technologically superior.

HOW COLD WAR TENSIONS WERE INTENSIFIED

The first U.S. spacecraft to orbit the Earth was Friendship 7, manned by John Glenn, February 20, 1962.

How did the Soviet Launch of Sputnik in 1957 change policy in America?

GO TO YOUR READ-A-LONG PAGE. DISCUSS WITH YOUR PARTNER THE FOLLOWING

QUESTION:

MAN ON THE MOONhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ts0NlypZnFw

 Apollo 11 moon landing 20 July 1969

Why did the U.S. decide to begin joining international organizations and seek treaties with others?

Hint: Look at the Pros and Cons of joining international organizations from last week.

GO TO YOUR READ-A-LONG PAGE. DISCUSS WITH YOUR PARTNER THE FOLLOWING

QUESTION:

Kennedy and the Berlin Wall Speech

June 26, 1963

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GK907TwM7q0

There is a misconception that Kennedy made a risible error by saying Ich bin ein Berliner (emphasis added): the claim is made that Kennedy referred to himself not as a "citizen of Berlin" but as a "jelly doughnut", known in Berlin as a "Pfannkuchen" but elsewhere as "Berliner". Kennedy should, supposedly, have said Ich bin Berliner to mean "I am a person from Berlin", and so adding the indefinite article ein to his statement implied he was a non-human Berliner, thus, "I am a jelly doughnut"

FUN FACT

Cold War fueled businesses, especially high tech industries and research and development (e.g., Rand Corp.) and steadily increased government defense spending.

Cold War led to creation of a huge national security apparatus

Military Industrial Complex and weapons of mass destruction, NASA, Space Race

NDEA – National Defense Education Act (passed in 1958) in response to the launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union (education priorities were focused on math and science)

HOW WAS THE DEFENSE INDUSTRIES AND EDUCATION AFFECTED BY COLD

WAR SPENDING?