warm up all continents used to be contiguous at one point. what does contiguous mean? what was this...
TRANSCRIPT
Warm Up
• All continents used to be contiguous at one point.
• What does contiguous mean?• WHAT WAS THIS LAND MASS CALLED?
Pangea
• Single landmass (Super continent) that existed approximately 300 million years ago.
• How did this supercontinent break apart?• https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=TzzGPfVx32M
Today
• Earth’s Forces• Ring of Fire Movie
Warm-Ups• When Hurricane Irene hit
the east coast of the US and did millions of dollars worth of damage.
• If you were the mayor of a city, which could be affected by a hurricane, how would you protect the city and its citizens?– Write at least 5 sentences
How many different layers make up the Earth’s structure?
What are they?• Inner Core • Outer Core• Mantle• Crust
What is the Earth’s Core?• Solid metallic Inner Core• Liquid metallic Outer Core• Both made of iron and
nickel
What is the Mantle?• Surrounds the core• Soft layer of molten
(melted) rock called magma!!!
What is the Biosphere?
• Where plants and animals live
• Includes: Atmosphere, Lithosphere, & Hydrosphere
What is Plate Tectonics?
• Movement of large plates (crust) above magma in the mantle
• What proof is there?• Fossils, plants and animals
along coastlines of separated continents
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryrXAGY1dmE
What is the theory of Continental Drift?
• 1912 theory by Alfred Wegener
• Earth once had a supercontinent (all connected)
• Called “Pangea”
What type of movements are there?
1. Divergent
2. Convergent: Subduction
3. Convergent: Collision
4. Transform
Review: Plate Tectonics• Plate Movement – Spreading – usually ocean floor– Sub-duction – form Volcanoes– Collision – form mountains– Sliding/Shearing – cause earthquakes
• Boundaries – where plates meet– Divergent- moving apart – Convergent - collide– Transform – slide past each other
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QVOOo_BjhXA
• 24.25
What is Weathering?Types of Weathering are…• Mechanical – When rocks and
other minerals are broken into smaller pieces.
• Chemical – When minerals are changed completely when they mix with water and air. Like metal changing to rust.
Video Clip
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hJfj-v5p5Ao
Plant roots work their way into rock crevices called joints. As the plants grow, roots create pressure on the sides of the crack making it bigger until the rock breaks apart.
Plant Roots
Rocks are also broken up by friction and repeated impact with other rock fragments during transportation.
Ex: River Rocks.
Friction and Repeated Impact
Oxygen• Iron combines with oxygen in the presence of water in
a process called oxidation• The product of oxidation is rust
Acid Rain
• Compounds from burning coal, oil and gas react chemically with rain water forming acids.• Acid rain causes very
rapid chemical weathering
What is Wind Erosion?
– Loess is wind-blown silt, sand, and clay.
– Can form sand dunes 100’s of feet deep!
What is Glacial Erosion?• Glaciation – changes in a landform
made from a slowly moving sheet of ice (glacier)
• Moraines – rocks left behind after a glacier moves
• Creates new valleys, hills, or ridges
What is soil, how is it made?• Through the process of
weathering and erosion of rocks
• Humus – quality of soil1. Texture of the soil2. Amount of organic
material in the soil