Warm-up: 5 minutes

1) Give the complementary DNA sequence for: A T G C C C T A T A A G

2) What is DNA made up of?

3) Think back to our unit on MACROMOLECULES….what is the building block of a protein?

T A C G G G A T A T T C

Nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, base)

Amino Acids

OBJECTIVE

SWBAT: investigate protein synthesis in order to explain how a gene is used to express a physical trait.

Today’s KEY Questions:1.How are proteins CREATED?2.How is DNA related to proteins?

https://video.search.yahoo.com/video/play;_ylt=A2KIo9cKF39UImgAJ3L7w8QF;_ylu=X3oDMTBzZnZtb2xyBHNlYwNzcgRzbGsDdmlkBHZ0aWQDBGdwb3MDMTM-?p=protein+synthesis&vid=c638ded6ce7033f02cda4c9f3944c7b5&l=3%3A35&turl=http%3A%2F%2Fts1.mm.bing.net%2Fth%3Fid%3DVN.608020369938252076%26pid%3D15.1&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fvimeo.com%2F55657826&tit=Introduction+to+%3Cb%3EProtein+Synthesis%3C%2Fb%3E&c=12&sigr=10pn7lup0&sigt=118cv3cri&age=-49262810644&fr2=p%3As%2Cv%3Av%2Cm%3Asa&fr=yfp-t-326-s&tt=b

SO…DNA MAKES US WHO WE ARE

•BUT HOW????•Recall: DNA holds the code! This code is used to eventually make PROTEINS!!!!•PROTEINS are what makes us LOOK the way we LOOK!

Today’s KEY Questions:1.How are proteins CREATED?

2.How is DNA related to proteins?

DNA AND RNA ARE NEEDED TO MAKE PROTEINS!

•Protein synthesis is the process of making proteins.

•More specifically, protein synthesis is: •DNA sending information to RNA to make a

protein

A→ RNA → ProteinDNA RNA

Step 1 Step 2

Big Picture

Protein Synthesis:

1) Transcription

2) Translation

LET’S REVIEW A FEW THINGS…•1) What is a gene?

•2) What are genes made of?

•3) What are the building blocks of proteins?

Part of DNA that codes for a specific trait

DNA

Amino Acids

Proteins are what create your PHYSICAL Traits..

What is the relationship between the following key terms?:

physical traits DNA genes proteins

_____ → ______ → _________ → _________DNA genes

proteins

Physical traits

PART 1: WHAT ARE THE MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DNA AND

RNA?

1.Strand #: SINGLE-stranded DOUBLE-stranded

2.Sugar: RIBOSE DEOXYribose

3. Bases: Cytosine, Guanine, Cytosine, Guanine Adenine, URACIL Adenine, Thymine

RNA DNA

Remember, uracil replaces thymine in RNA …

C pairs with G

and

A pairs with U

3 TYPES OF RNA…

1.Messenger RNA (mRNA)2.Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)3.Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Each type has a specific ROLE in the cell!

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING!

DNA or RNA?!

1.AATCGTAATGCA ______________

Why? _________________________________________

2) CGGUGACCAUGG _____________

Why? _________________________________________

DNA

RNA

Because it has the base T (thymine)

Because it has the base U (Uracil)

LET’S PRACTICE!!

On page 71 in your notebook draw a Venn Diagram and compare and contrast DNA and RNA

WARM-UP: PAGE 69

1) How are DNA and RNA different? How are they the same?

Different: type of sugar, thymine vs. uracil, strand number, RNA has 3 types

Same: made up of nucleotides, G/A/C

2) What is protein synthesis?The process of making a proteinDNA to RNA to a protein

Big Picture

Protein Synthesis:

1) Transcription

2) Translation

STEP 1: TRANSCRIPTION

•DNA is transcribed into mRNA

•This happens inside the nucleus. DNA CAN NEVER LEAVE THE NUCLEUS! Why not??

________ _______Occurs in the

_________________

Process of Transcription:

DNA mRNAnucleus transcription

Step 1: Double stranded DNA “unzips”

Step 2: RNA bases bond to the DNA strand **Remember RNA uses U NOT T

12

Is when…

Put it in your own words

TRANSCRIPTION….

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

1.What is the major end result of transcription?

2.Where does the process of transcription occur?

3.What are the complimentary strands of mRNA for the DNA template strands:

G G T A T T C A A C A T T T A __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

mRNA

Nucleus

C C A A AU G U U G U A A A U

USING THE DRY ERASE BOARD…

•Describe the process of transcription using the key words below. Be prepared to read what you have!

•mRNA

•DNA

•Nucleus

•Single-stranded

Big Picture

Protein Synthesis:

1) Transcription

2) Translation

AFTER TRANSCRIPTION…

•There is a new mRNA strand that was made from the DNA!

•The mRNA is ready to leave the nucleus•But…where is it going???

STEP 2: RNA MAKES PROTEINS

THROUGH TRANSLATION Occurs at the

__________________

mRNA proteinribosometranslation

At the ribosome the mRNA is translated into proteins (amino acids) through the process of TRANSLATION.

RNA helpers:

1.rRNA: makes the ribosome

2. tRNA: brings the CORRECT amino acids to the ribosome

PROCESS OF TRANSLATION

1. mRNA leaves the nucleus and finds the ribosome

2. A set of 3 mRNA bases is called a CODON. Each codon “codes” for a single AMINO ACID.

AAG

UUA

CGC

TUG

CODONS!

Every codon “codes” for a specific AMINO ACID (protein building block)….

What amino acids do the following codons code for?

AUG: Methionine (Start)CUG:Leucine ACC: Threonine UAG:Stop

You try! GUU: ____ AGU: ______CCU: ______UAU: __________

valine serine proline tyrosine

http://www.iusd.org/uhs/cs2/images/Codon_Chart.gif

3) A tRNA molecule brings in the CORRECT amino acid for each codon.

The tRNA is complimentary to the mRNA and is called the anti-codon.

4) Eventually a chain of amino acids is created. This is a PROTEIN!

Label the following:

- mRNA- tRNA- Amino Acid

Amino acid

tRNA

mRNA

•The correct tRNA molecule will bind to the mRNA and attach an amino acid in the correct sequence

•The order of the amino acids determines what protein is made!!!

•Which comes first, TRANSCRIPTION or TRANSLATION?

Important Review Points…

TRANSCRIPTION!!

Big Picture

Protein Synthesis:

1) Transcription

2) Translation

ON DRY ERASE BOARDS: WHAT COMES FIRST?...

Transcription or Translation?

mRNA or protein?

DNA or protein?

DNA or mRNA?

Process at the RIBOSOME or process at the NUCLEUS?

Transcription

mRNA

DNA

DNA

NUCLEUS!

ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS ON A NOTECARD

VIDEO CLIP OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS…

Journey inside the cell

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1fiJupfbSpg