Warm Up: 3/1/131)What 2 pieces of information can you identify from

a chemical formula? (Ex: H2O)2)What is the name for the number written to the

lower right of a chemical symbol? H2O3)Determine the types and number of elements in

each of the following chemical formulas: a) NH4Br b) Fe2O3 c) KNO3

Chemical Formulas PT1) Hydrogen2) H203) subscript4) Chlorine5) metallic6) 1 nitrogen and 3 hydrogen- 1 Barium and 2 Chlorine7) Difference is what they are & their

properties, Hydrogen Peroxide has 2 Oxygen

PT continued8) 2 things - what atoms and how manySkillbuildera. CO2 - 1 carbon 2 oxygenb. Ammonia - NH3 - 1 nitrogen and 3

hydrogenc. calcite - CaCO3 - 1 calcium, 1 carbon,

3 oxygend. Potassium Hydroxide - KOH - 1

potassium, 1 oxygen, 1 hydrogene. Baking Soda - NaHCO3 - 1 Sodium, 1

hydrogen, 1 carbon, 3 oxygen

Chemistry UnitAndolino & Williams

A Quick Review - AtomDefined - smallest building block of a substance or element

A Quick Review -Molecule

Defined- smallest substance of a compound composed of one or more atoms chemically combined

A Quick Review Element

Defined - pure substance made up of only one kind of atom

• All are listed on the Periodic Table of Elements

Examples: Calcium, Sodium, Nitrogen

A Quick Review - CompoundDefined - 2 or more elements that are chemically combined to make a new substance

• properties of the elements used to make the compound are changed

Examples: Salt, Water, Alcohol

A Quick Review -Mixtures

Defined - 2 or more elements physically combined

• elements used keep their original properties

Examples: salt water, trail mix, rice & beans, Pizza

Ways to separate a mixture

• Boil to separate something that is dissolved in water

• Strain (filter)- separate sand/gravel

• Density differences- scoop off less dense material (salad dressing)

• Magnet- separate magnetic things from a mixture

Chemical FormulaDefined - way of writing one molecule of a compound

Shows THREE thingso the elements that make up the compoundo metallic element always goes firsto the number of atoms of each element called

Subscripts

H2O = the 2 is a subscript.

( H= 2 and O= 1)

Challenge...Round 1 • With your table mates - represent the

molecule projected on each slide.

• Make sure you have the correct elements combined to make the compound

• Make sure you have the correct number of atoms in each molecule to make the compound

Water - H2O

1 molecule of Water has...

• 2 atoms of Hydrogen

• 1 atom of Oxygen

Colorless, Odorless Liquid

Colorless, Odorless GasColorless, Odorless Gas

Salt - NaCla molecule of salt contains

• 1 atom of sodium

• 1 atom of Chlorine

Shiny, Luster, Silver, Highly Reactive, Solid

Yellow, Vaporizes, Poisonous Gas

White, Crystals, Edible

Ammonia - NH3

Chalk - CaCO3

Methane - CH4

Hydrogen Peroxide - H2O2

Glucose - C6H12O6

Butane - C4H10

Baking Soda - NaHCO3

Citric Acid - C6H8O7

Aspirin - C9H8O4

Caffeine - C8H10N4O2

Citric Acid - C6H8O7

Sugar - C12H22O11

Solutions- is a well stirred mixture • Contains a solute and solvent

Solvent- substance which dissolves the solute

Example: water, coffee or tea

WATER IS THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT

Solute – substance that is dissolved into the solvent

Example: powdered drinks or sugar

Solute or Solvent?

Making a Solution

Your Turn….. Make a solution

_____ + _____ = _________

_____ + _____ = _________

_____ + _____ = _________

_____ + _____ = _________

_____ + _____ = _________

Solubility - how well a solute can be dissolved into a given amount of solvent

• Depends on the temperatureo Most substances become more soluble as the temperature increaseso As temperature increases liquid particles can move faster and

dissolve the solute at a faster rate

Example: Hot Coffee – sugar dissolves faster compared to an iced coffee

Depends on pressure - For gases only Pressure Decreases - allows gas molecules to be farther apart

o Gases become less soluble as the temperature increases (hotter). The more energy the particles have the harder they are to trap. This is why soda goes “flat” after the cap has been removed.

Pressure Increases – allows more gas molecules to be close together

o Gases become more soluble as the temperature decreases (colder). The less energy the particles have the easier they are to trap.

o You tend to burp more when soda is cold!

Solubility graphs are used to summarize the solubility of different substances at a given mass (grams) of water as temperatures (º C) increase

• ABOVE the line the solution is

SUPER SATURATED

• BELOW the line the solution is UNSATURATED

• ON THE LINE the solution is SATURATED

Chemical ReactionDefined - process in which new substances with new chemical and physical properties are formed

Reactantssubstance changed

Productssubstance formed

What are chemical reactions?http://videos.howstuffworks.com/

discovery/29165-assignment-discovery-chemical-reactions-video.htm

Are these chemical reactions?

Burning PaperRustingBurning GasolineDigestion

Conservation of Matter

Defined - matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical change

Mass of Reactants

Mass of Products

Chemical EquationsDefined - describe chemical reactions in a simple way

Reactants Products"yield"

Na + Cl NaCl

Coefficient is the number of units involved in a chemical reaction.

2KI = the 2 represents a coefficient.

So, 2 KI units are involved in this reaction.

Or KI and KI

Examples:

2H2O

2NaCl

2CO2

Kinds of Atoms

Number of AtomsAg + H2S Ag2S + H2

Ag

H

S

How do YOU balance this equation? Use the chart below

Kinds of Atoms

Number of AtomsMg + O2 MgO

Mg

O

Unbalanced Equation

Kinds of Atoms

Number of Atoms Cl2 + NaBr NaCl + Br

Cl

Na

Br

Unbalance Equation

Unbalanced Equation

Kinds of Atoms

Number of Atoms CuCl2 + H2S CuS + HCl

Cu

Cl

H

S

Catalyst Lab