warm up: 2/4/14 imagine you have an opportunity to move to the west coast. a couple of your friends...
TRANSCRIPT
Warm Up: 2/4/14
Imagine you have an opportunity to move to the west coast. A couple of your friends
moved there about a month ago. They rave about how great it is every time you
talk to them— better schools, bigger houses, the potential to make a lot of
money. You could have a whole new life. Would you leave your life here and go
west? Why or why not?
Expansion and Reform – the learner will assess the
competing forces of expansionism, nationalism and
sectionalism
Goal 2
What are we going to learn?
2.01 Analyze the effects of territorial expansion and the admission of new states to the Union.
2.02 Describe how the growth of nationalism and sectionalism were reflected in art, literature, and language.
2.03 Distinguish between the economic and social issues that led to sectionalism and nationalism.
2.04 Assess political events, issues, and personalities that contributed to sectionalism and nationalism.
2.05 Identify the major reform movements and evaluate their effectiveness.
2.06 Evaluate the role of religion in the debate over slavery and other social movements and issues.
What are the Big Ideas?Why did Americans want to move West?How did westward expansion impact the
expansion of slavery?What is the American System?Why was the Presidency of Andrew Jackson
so controversial?How did westward expansion impact
relations with Indians?Why did the US fight a War with Mexico and
what was the impact of the war?How did technology impact life in America
during this time?
Going West!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UJutNK3qLY4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6t2xze4g_Q
Going West
Reasons to move westJobs (mining, forestry
and ranching industries)
Land for farmingPort and new markets
for goodsGold Rush- 49ers
travel to California
Early Pioneers
Native Americans and Westward Expansion
Native American Resistance
Warm Up-2/5: What does this picture suggest about Westward Expansion?
The Question of Slavery
North- abolitionistSouth- “necessary
evil”As US expands into
new territory, question is whether slavery will expand
Compromise!!!!!!Missouri Compromise
Maine is free state and Missouri is slave state
36’30” line divides rest of country
Slavery Continued…Continue to be a sectional issue and divide
the country
William Lloyd Garrison- publish The Liberator (abolitionist newspaper)
Frederick Douglass- former slave, very outspoken abolitionist
Nat Turner’s Rebellion- slave riot in Virginia that will lead to hanging of 15
Wilmot Proviso- idea proposed by Senator Wilmot that said slavery should not be allowed in any new territory gained after the War with Mexico
Texas Independence
Texas fights first war with MexicoUS does not get
involved- even though US citizens live in Texas
Texans are defeated by Santa Ana at the Alamo
Texas won its independence in 1836
Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny- belief that US should stretch from Atlantic to Pacific Oceans
James Polk- Manifest Destiny PresidentStrong supporter of
Manifest DestinyTexas wants to be state
US was hesitant to admit Texas for fear it would upset the balance of free and slave states.
War With Mexico Long story short- US wins
easilyTreaty of Guadalupe
HidalgoUS buys territory in West-
include California, Nevada, Arizona, etc
Rio Grande River is established as border between Texas and Mexico
Gadsden PurchaseUS buy land from Mexico
(southern Arizona and New Mexico)
Manifest Destiny Continued…
Oregon TerritoryBorder established
between Oregon and British land in Canada
54’40” or fight- slogan used to represent the line wanted for the border
Compromise to present day border
Development of an American Identity
America will begin to produce its’ own literature and art that show life in AmericaImportant in
developing Nationalism and an American culture
Early Writers
Alex de TocquevilleFrench writer who
visits the USWrite about
Americans being independent and self-reliantSelf-reliant- do things
themselves
Other Early Writers
Noah WebsterDevelop first
American dictionaryEstablish American
language separate from Britain
Transcendentalism
Philosophy that stresses the individual and self-reliance
Ralph Waldo Emerson- “Father of Transcendentalism”Love of nature and power of
imagination“Do Not Follow where the
path may lead. Go instead where there is not a path and leave a trail.”
Henry David Thoreau Transcendentalist
On Walden Pond- Thoreau will leave society and live in a cabin on the pond (nature!!!!) and write about his experiences
Civil DisobedienceRight of an individual to
protest any law or act they believe is not write. Must be willing to accept consequences.
Example- Thoreau will be put in jail for not paying his taxes in protest of the War with Mexico
Major influence on Gandhi and MLK Jr. http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Civil+Dis
obedience+mlk&qs=n&form=QBVR&pq=civil+disobedience+mlk&sc=2-22&sp=-1&sk=#view=detail&mid=C9B3502AB3AFE78EB3B5C9B3502AB3AFE78EB3B5
Other Writers
Washington Irving- wrote about common man (Rip Van Winkle and Legend of Sleepy Hollow)
James Fenimore Cooper- write about life in frontier (Last of the Mohicans)
Nathaniel Hawthorne- wrote about problems of human nature and sin (The Scarlett Letter)
Edgar Allen Poe- wrote stories and poems about suspense and horrorPoems like The Raven and Tell
Tale Heart
Architecture and Painting
Hudson River School of ArtistsPainted pictures of
American landscapesInfluential and
portrayed life in America (especially to Europeans and other foreigners)
Neoclassical Architecture
Neoclassical architectureUse of columns (like in Ancient Rome)Think of courthouses, government
buildings, etc
Both buildings were constructed during the early-mid 1800s. What similarities do you see in these
buildings?
These buildings were constructed during the ancient Roman Period. In what ways did these buildings influence those built in the 1800s?
Warm Up: 2/71. Explain how each term relates to one another
2. Identify the overarching concept this circle depicts
Noah Webster
Henry David Thoreau
Hudson River School
Neo Classical Architecture
Reform Movements Women’s Rights-
seeking right to vote and equal treatmentSeneca Falls Convention
(1848)- meeting to organize the Women’s Movement
PeopleSusan B. Anthony- begin
Temperance Movement to ban alcohol
Lucretia MottElizabeth Cady Stanton
Social Institutions
Prison ReformLed by Dorothea DixGoal was rehabilitation-
give prisoners job training so they can re-enter society
Also be involved in reforms of mental institutions and hospitalsSeek better treatment- were
chained in jailsStates will build mental
hospitals to treat these patients
Education Reform
Led by Horace MannCreate common school
systemsLed by state
governmentsEqual education to all
childrenSpecial schools for
hearing and visually impaired
Improved curriculum and teacher training
Utopian Communities
Utopia- perfect society without crime, poverty and injustice
Based on communal living- everyone working together for the common good (sharing)
ExamplesNew Harmony- religious utopiaBrook Farm- social utopia
Founded by transcendentalistsEnded in 6 yearsMade up of poets, authors
Oneida- religious and social utopiaRenounce marriage and personal property (sharing)
2nd Great Awakening1797-1859Religious Movement
Meetings called “revivals” or “tent meetings”
Emphasize a personal relationship with God
Emphasized that society could be changed for better
Lead to other reform movements
Led by preachers like Charles G. Finney
Religious groups will be involved in Temperance Movement (ban alcohol)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t62fUZJvjOs
Warm Up: 2/10
What reform movements changed American social and religious institutions during the early 19th century?
Of these reforms which do you feel was the most important to America?
Antebellum Politics
Henry Clay- known as Great CompromiserAmerican System-
plan to improve countryHigh Tariff National bank Internal
transportation improvements to improve trade and industry
Antebellum Politics Continued
Corrupt Bargain of 1824Election of 1824 there
are 3 candidates- John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay and Andrew Jackson
Adams and Clay combine their supporters to defeat Andrew Jackson
Deal- Adams becomes President and Clay gets a cabinet position
Presidency of Andrew Jackson
Won in 1828 (defeated in 1824 by corrupt bargain)
New IdeasSpeak up for common
man and farmersSpoils system- give
jobs in government to people based on loyalty and friendship (distrust most politicians)
South Carolina Nullification Crisis
1828- Congress pass high tariff (known as Tariff of Abomination)
South Carolina will protest and not follow the tariff
1832- President Jackson will force SC to follow tariffAgain establish
supremacy of federal government over state governments
Jackson and the IndiansJackson thought Indians
should be relocatedIndian Removal Act of 1830-
made it legal to remove Indians from their land
Cherokee Indians challenge this lawWorchester v. Georgia (1832)-
US Supreme Court rules that Indians have right to their land
Jackson will defy court rulingForce Cherokees on Trail of
Tears- march to their new homeland on Indian Reservation in Oklahoma
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EGfxyeuy8u8
Warm Up: 2/11
Suppose you lived during the 1800s. Who would you have supported Henry Clay or Andrew Jackson? Why?
Bank of the U.S.Jackson thought the
bank was unconstitutional
Blamed bank for economic problems in 1819-thought it hurt common man
Defied ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland
Jackson puts federal money in “pet banks”
Causes the Panic of 1837
S-
P-
A-
M-
Second American Party System
First- Federalists and Democratic-Republicans
Second- Whigs and Democrats (Jackson)Whigs- begin to resist
JacksonSupport Henry ClayOne candidate elected President-
1840 William Henry HarrisonDie out and most will support
new Republican Party by 1850Republican Party
Form in 1830’s around one issue- Abolish slavery
Will become major party by 1850 (think Abraham Lincoln)
New Technology Telegraph and Morse
Samuel Morse- Code (communication)
Eli Whitney- South will become Cotton Kingdom (#1 producer of cotton in world)
John Deere- better plowCyrus McCormick- Reaper
to harvest grain in MidwestRobert Fulton- Steamboat
and new mode of transportation
Eerie Canal
Started in 1808 and finished in 1825
Joins Lake Erie and Hudson River
Impact cities like Buffalo, NY and New York CityTrade will increaseFood prices go down-
lower costs of shippingCities will grow (Buffalo,
Rochester, Syracuse NY)Jobs created
Immigration First Wave of Immigration
Mainly from Northern and Western Europe
Ireland- come to America due to potato famine
Scandinavia- Sweden, etc1820s to 1860s
Lead to Nativism- hatred of immigrantsKnow-Nothing Party-
political party formed to fight immigrants and foreigners
Nativism
Other Goal 2 Stuff
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)Federal government
has the right to control interstate and foreign commerce (between 2 or more states)