warm up: 1. what does it mean to 1. be interdependent? 2
TRANSCRIPT
Thursday, August 31st
WARM UP:
1. What does it mean to
be interdependent?
2. Name something you
are interdependent on?
Agenda
1. Warm-ups
2. Rules
3. Sign in to
classroom
4. Review Page
8 part 2
5. Ecology
Review Notes
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome
Biosphere
A living
thing
All o
f one sp
ecie
s
Ecological Levels of Organization
Organism
First (lowest) level of organization
An individual, single species
Any unicellular or multicellular form exhibiting
all of the characteristics of life
Population
A group of organisms of the same species that
live in the same geographical area
Produce fertile offspring
Compete with each other for resources
Community
Two or more populations of different
species that interact and live in the same
geographical area
• This is only the
living organisms
A community of living organisms and the
abiotic factors they interact with
◦ Abiotic factors—non-living factors (light, air,
water, etc.)
Ecosystem
One of several types of ecosystems define
by their climate
Biome
A collection of ecosystems
Includes all of the living world and the
biotic and abiotic factors that affect life
Biosphere
Food Chain vs. Food Web
Food chain Food web(just 1 path of energy) (all possible energy paths)
Lions and Warthogs
Watch the video:
In your notes, draw a food chain to represent the transfer of energy observed.
(2 minutes)
Feeding Relationships
Watch the video:
Predator – Prey
In your notes, draw a food web to represent the transfer of energy observed.
(3 min)
EXAMPLES OF FOOD WEBS
P
PP
1 1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
Differ in the type of organism they consume to obtain their energy
Herbivore
Carnivore
Omnivore
Detritivore
Decomposer
TYPES OF HETEROTROPHS
Differ in the type of organism they consume to obtain their energy
Herbivore—eats only plants
Carnivore
Omnivore
Detritivore
Decomposer
TYPES OF HETEROTROPHS
Differ in the type of organism they consume to obtain their energy
Herbivore
Carnivore—eats other animals
Omnivore
Detritivore
Decomposer
TYPES OF HETEROTROPHS
Differ in the type of organism they consume to obtain their energy
Herbivore
Carnivore
Omnivore—eats BOTH plants and animals
Detritivore
Decomposer
TYPES OF HETEROTROPHS
Differ in the type of organism they consume to obtain their energy
Herbivore
Carnivore
Omnivore
Detritivore—eats dead plants and animals
Decomposer
TYPES OF HETEROTROPHS
Differ in the type of organism they consume to obtain their energy
Herbivore
Carnivore
Omnivore
Detritivore
Decomposer—eats dead plants and animals AND breaks down dead organic matter and returns
it to the environment
TYPES OF HETEROTROPHS
Trophic Levels
☼Organisms are assigned to trophic
levels based on the organism’s
source of energy.
You may have
learned these were
called energy levels!
1st trophic level 2nd trophic level 3rd trophic level
Ecosystems and Pyramid
☼Each trophic level is represented by a block.
☼Lowest trophic level (producers) on the bottom.
☼Energy stored by the organisms at each trophic level is about one-tenth the energy stored by the organism in the level below.
☼10% of energy moves to the next tropic level.
Why is only 10 %
passed to the next
trophic level?The other 90% is used in metabolism or lost to the
atmosphere as heat.
Ecosystems and Pyramid☼ Energy Pyramids
☼ Shows the available amount of
energy in different levels of an
ecosystem.
☼ Pyramid of Numbers
☼ Shows the number of individual
organisms in an ecosystem.
☼ Biomass Pyramids
☼ Shows the amount of living mass in
an ecosystem.
Read this quote--
Three hundred trout are needed to support one
man for a year. The trout, in turn, must
consume 90,000 frogs, that must consume 27
million grasshoppers that live off of 1,000 tons
of grass. -- G. Tyler Miller, Jr., American Chemist
(1971)
Why is this significant?
Closing Activity--
You have been given $1 million to help a third world country.
You can either—
A. Use the money to buy supplies and teach the people to raise cattle
Or
B. Use the money to buy supplies and teach the people to farm grains
Write a paragraph explaining which would you choose to do and why?
Symbiosis
☼“Syn” means “together” or “with”
☼“Bio” means life
☼Symbiosis is a relationship in which two species live closely together
☼These relationships can be beneficial, harmful, or have no effect on one or both species involved.
Symbiotic Relationships
MUTUALISM
•Occurs when both
organisms benefit.
COMMENSALISM•Occurs when one organism
benefits and the other organism
neither benefits or is harmed.
PARASITISM•Occurs when one organism
(the parasite) benefits and the
other (the host) is harmed.
PREDATION•Occurs when one organism
(the predator) hunts another
organism (the prey) for food.
COMPETITION
• Occurs when two
organisms compete for
the same resources
MutualismAlligator and bird, the bird eats parasites out of the alligators mouth.
CommensalismEpiphyte – orchid make it’s own nutrients, grows on tree to reach sunlight
Parasitism –mistletoes takes nutrients away from trees
Predation – rabbit eating a marigold
Competition
Sibilings in the same family will compete for food.