digestive system. warm up what does digestion mean? what does absorption mean in regards to the...
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Digestive System
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Warm Up
• What does digestion mean?
• What does absorption mean in regards to the digestive system?
• How long are your intestines?
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Functions of the Digestive System
3 main processes
• Digestion– the mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods for
use by the body’s cells.
• Absorption– the passage of digested food from the digestive tract
into the cardiovascular system.
• Elimination– The expulsion of undigested cardiovascular food or
body wastes.
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• Digestion involves both mechanical and chemical processes.
• Mechanical– Chewing– Mashing– Breaking food into smaller pieces
• Chemical– Digestive juices that breakdown food into
simpler substances
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• The nervous system and the cardiovascular system play major roles in digestion.
• The nervous system triggers the digestive system process to begin at the smell or sight of food.
• After food has been broken down- nutrients- such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals- are absorbed by the body.
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Structures of the Digestive System
• The process of digestion begins in the mouth.
• Teeth– Break down food into smaller pieces.– Mastication: process of chewing
• Salivary Glands– Produce the first digestive juices– Saliva contains an enzyme that begins to break
down the starches and sugars in food.– Lubricates food and makes it easy to swallow
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• Tongue– forms chewed food into easy to swallow size
– As you swallow• Muscles force food to pharynx, or throat.• The uvula, a small flap of muscle tissue closes off
opening to nasal passages. • Epiglottis, the flap of tissue covering the throat,
closes the opening to the trachea (windpipe).
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The Esophagus
• When food is swallowed, it enters the esophagus.
• 10 inch long muscular tube that connects the pharynx with the stomach.
• Food is moved through the esophagus, stomach, and intestines through a process called peristalsis – a series of involuntary muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.
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The Stomach• A hollow, saclike organ enclosed in a flexible
muscular wall that allows your stomach to expand when you eat.
3 Tasks of Digestion
#1: Mixing food with gastric juices: secretions from the stomach lining that contain hydrochloric acid and pepsin, and enzyme that digests protein.
#2: Storing swallowed food and liquid
#3: Moving food into the small intestine.– Food is converted into chyme: a creamy, fluid
mixture of food and gastric juices
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• Pancreas– Produces enzyme that break down
carbs, fats, and proteins in foods.
• Liver– Produces another digestive juice: BILE
• A yellow-green, bitter fluid important in the breakdown and absorption of fats.
• Gallbladder– Stores the Bile in between meals.– Released at mealtime into the intestines.
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Large and Small IntestineSmall Intestine• 20-24 feet in length• Broken into 3 parts
– Duodenum, jejunum & ileum
• The inner wall contains millions of finger-projections called villi, which are lined with capillaries.
• The capillaries absorb and carry nutrients throughout the body.
Large Intestine• Undigested parts of food pass into the colon, or large
intestine.• 2.5 inches in width and 5-6 feet in length.• Main function is to absorb water, vitamins, and salts,
and the eliminate waste.
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• The body produces waste in the form of solids, gases and liquids.
• Solid waste is eliminated through the large intestine.
• Bacteria live in the large intestine to convert undigested food into feces, which is then excreted out of the body.
• The skin excretes some waste through the pores.
• Liquid waste is filtered through the urinary system.
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Assignment:
• Page 446 - Q#1-5- AYR
• Color the digestive diagram on the back of the crossword puzzle.
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3/18
• Jeopardy tomorrow!
• Quiz on FRIDAY
• Chapter 17 Lesson #2 & 3
• Q#1-4 & AYR (2)
• Q#1-4 & AYR (3)