Warm-Up 08/19/14

1)You learned the states of matter in elementary school. On my desk is a burning candle. Name the states of matter that are involved, and explain which parts of the candle represent that state.

2)Explain how you know what state of matter something is in. What properties does it have?

Unit 2Nature of Matter:

Properties of Matter

In this unit, we will MASTER these standards!

•S8P1. Students will examine the scientific view of the nature of matter.

a. Distinguish between atoms and molecules. b. Describe the difference between pure substances (elements and compounds) and mixtures. c. Describe the movement of particles in solids, liquids, gases, and plasmas states. d. Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matter as physical (i.e., density, melting point, boiling point) or chemical (i.e., reactivity, combustibility). e. Distinguish between changes in matter as physical (i.e., physical change) or chemical (development of a gas, formation of precipitate, and change in color). f. Recognize that there are more than 100 elements and some have similar properties as shown on the Periodic Table of Elements. g. Identify and demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Matter.

Let’s access your prior knowledge: Remember…

•Matter is anything that has MASS and takes up SPACE!•Today we will focus on this standard:

c. Describe the movement of particles

in solid, liquid, gas, and plasma states.

There are actually FIVE states of

matter!

…but we will mainly focus on the properties of just solids, liquids, gases, and plasmas.

In your group, complete the “Is it a Solid?” activity. Discuss the

properties that you determined made something a solid.

SolidsA state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volumeExamples would include ice, bricks, wood, steelThere are two types of solids:

Crystalline solid – a solid that is made up of crystals in which particles are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern. Examples include salt, sugar, snowflakes, ice, diamondsAmorphous solid – a solid made up of particles that are not arranged in a regular pattern. Examples include butter, plastic, candle

Warm-Up 08/20/14

•Read the article on your desk. •Using the RACE strategy, explain the movement of the particles in a SOLID substance.

LiquidsLiquid – a state of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite volumeSurface tension – the result of an inward pull among the molecules of a liquid that brings the molecules on the surface closer together

Liquids… continuedFluid – a substance that can easily flowViscosity – a liquid’s resistance to flowing

GasesState of matter with no definite shape or volumeGases will fill a sealed container, creating pressure on the walls of the container

PlasmasPlasmas are a lot like gases, but the atoms are different, because they are made up of negatively charged particles. Examples: Northern Lights, neon signs, fluorescent light bulbs. Stars are big balls of gases at really high temperatures. The high temperatures charge up the atoms and create plasma.

Review: Can you fill in these sentences with your group?:

• A ____________________________ does not have a definite shape. It sometimes takes the shape of its container and sometimes flies freely around you. These particles are not connected to each other and take up whatever space is available.• A ____________________________ does not have a definite

shape. It takes the shape of its container. It does have a definite volume because it can be measured.• A ____________________________ has a definite shape. It does

not take the shape of its container. It also has a definite volume because it can be measured.• A _____________________________ is a super-energized gas. It

takes the shape of its container. It is the most common state of matter in the universe.

Matter changing states/phasesObjects can move from one state/phase to another when specific physical conditions change. When the temperature of a system goes up, the matter in the system becomes more excited and active. If enough energy or pressure is placed in a system, a phase change may occur as the matter moves to a more active state.

Melting – the change from the solid to the liquid state of matterMelting point – the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid

Freezing – the change from the liquid to the solid state of matterFreezing point – the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid

The MELTING point and the FREEZING pointare the SAME!!!!!

Vaporization – the change of state from a liquid to a gas. There are 2 types:• Evaporation – the process that occurs

when vaporization takes place only on the surface of a liquid

• Boiling – the process that occurs when vaporization takes place inside a liquid as well as on the surface.

Condensation – the change from the gaseous to the liquid state of matter

Boiling point – the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gasCondensation point – the temperature at which a substance changes from a gas to a liquid

•Guess what…•…they are the SAME!!!!

Sublimination – the change in state from a solid directly to a gas without passing through the liquid state. Ex: Dry Ice

Deposition occurs when a gas becomes a solid without going through the liquid state of matter. Example: frost on plants on winter mornings build up when water vapor from the air becomes a solid on the leaves of plants.