ch. 1 - matter i. states of matter kinetic energy states of matter
TRANSCRIPT
A. Kinetic Energy
Particles of matter are always in motion.
The kinetic energy (speed) of these particles increases as temperature increases.
B. Four States of Matter
Solids very low KE - particles
vibrate but can’t move around
fixed shape fixed volume
B. Four States of Matter
Liquids low KE - particles can
move around but are still close together
Variable shape fixed volume
B. Four States of Matter
Gases high KE - particles can
separate and move to fill the container
variable shape variable volume
B. Four States of Matter
Plasma very high KE - particles collide with
enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-)
gas-like, variableshape & volume
stars
A. Matter Flowchart
MATTER
Can it be physically separated?
Homogeneous Mixture
(solution)
Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element
MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE
yes no
Can it be chemically decomposed?
noyesIs the composition uniform?
noyes
Colloids Suspensions
A. Matter Flowchart
Example:a.Pure substance or Mixtureb.Type of Pure substance or Type of mixture
1. Graphite (carbon)
2. Pepper
3. Sugar (sucrose)
4. Soda
Type of Matter:a.Pure substance or Mixtureb.Type of Pure substance or Type of mixture
a. Pure substanceb. element
a. Mixtureb. Heterogeneous
a. Pure substanceb. compound
a. Mixtureb. Homogeneous
B. Pure Substances
Compound
2 or more elements in a fixed ratio
properties differ from those of individual elements
EX: table salt (NaCl); water (H2O)
C. Mixtures
Examples:
mayonnaise
muddy water
fog
saltwater
Italian salad dressing
colloid
suspension
colloid
solution
suspension
Physical vs. Chemical
Physical Property
can be observed without changing the identity of the substance
Chemical Property
describes the ability of a substance to undergo changes in identity
Physical vs. Chemical
Examples:
melting point
flammable
density
magnetic
tarnishes in air
physical
chemical
physical
physical
chemical
Physical vs. Chemical
Physical Change
changes the form of a substance without changing its identity
properties remain the same
Chemical Change
changes the identity of a substance
products have different properties
Physical vs. Chemical
Signs of a Chemical Change
change in color or odor
formation of a gas
formation of a precipitate (solid)
change in light or heat