WAP-Presented By-

Arati Avhad

Shirali Agrawal

Xue Li

What is WAP?

What led to this new Technology?

Checking your accounts before shopping or ordering tickets for tonight's concert no longer requires a PC. The demand for access to information anywhere and anytime has led to a new technology -Wireless Application Protocol, abrreviated to WAP.

The WAP Forum

Its founder members include Nokia, Ericsson, Motorola and Phone.com.

Essentailly, WAP is the technology that makes it possible to link wireless devices (such as mobile phones) to the Internet by translating internet information so it can be displayed on the display screen of a mobile telephone or other portable devices.

What Exactly is WAP?

Is an applicaton communication protocol

Is used to access services and information

Is inherited from internet standards

Is for handheld devices such as mobile phones

Enables the creating of web applications for mobile devices by using the mark-up language WML .

Special Constraints

Small screen size. Only a small amount of information can be displayed at once.

Limited processing power.

Lack of a full keyboard, making it awkward for the user to enter information. There are some handheld devices that feature a full keyboard, but they are the exception.

Special Constraints

Slow connection speeds. Currently, wireless connection speeds are around 9600 bits per second.

Costly access. Users are generally paying by the minute or the kilobyte to use a wireless application. It is important to allow them to access information

WAP Application Architecture

• Follows client-server paradigm used by the Internet

• WAP gateway

a) WAP used to access the Internetb) WAP used to access an intranetc) the Internet architecture

Components in WAP

WAP Device WAP Client, WAP Browser, Microbrowser User Agent WAP Gateway Network Operator Bearer Services Content/Origin/Application Server

WAP Client

WAE User Agent (Wireless Application Environment User Agent)

WTA User Agent (Wireless Telephony Applications User Agent)

WAP Stack

WAP Gateway (1)

Protocol conversion — connecting different types of network

WAP Gateway (2)

Encoding / Decoding

WAP Gateway (3)

Translates of encrypted data

Implements interface for each of the bearers

Provides interface for accessing WTA server

WAP Protocol Stack

WAP Layers and Web Protocol Stack

Wireless Application Environment

WML (Wireless Markup Language) WMLScript WTA

WML

Byte-encoded for optimization Well formed and Valid Decks of cards cards, image, task and event, variables and context

An example:<wml><card id=“card1” title=“Welcome”><p>Hello WAP developer!</p><do type=“pre” name=“back” label=“Return”></pre></do><br><a href=“#card2”>Next</a><onevent type=“onpick”><go href=“choice.wml”></onevent></card></wml>

WMLScript

Based on ECMAScript Is compiled into binary files called compilation units A dynamically typed language (data type: integer, boolean,

floating point, string)

Validating the input (data type: invalid)

Access to the device facilities Methods of interacting with the user (e.g. display error

messages)

WTA and WTAI

An example of a Public WTAI function:

This function may be accessed from the WMLScript as the following library call:

WTAPublic.make Call(“4221234”);

Alternatively, it may be accessed from WML through the following URL:

Wtai://wp/mc;4221234;

Wireless Session Protocol

Primitives

Connection oriented session servicesPush:

Confirmed push

Unconfirmed push

Connectionless session services

Wireless Transaction Protocol

Unreliable Request

Reliable Request

Reliable Request with on Result Message

Wireless Transport Layer Security (optional)

Privacy, Server Authentication, Client Authentication, Data Integrity

Wireless Networks

WAP Applications

M-commerce- shopping, ticket purchases, reservations, comparison shopping

Finance- statements, fund transfer, shares trading M-billing- notification, presentation, payment of bills Enterprise Access- inventory, shipment/sales updates,

email access Entertainment- games, gambling, interactive

multiplayer events

WAP Applications

Messaging- Email, SMS, chat Travel- Scheduling, reservations, advisories M-care- customer service, payment status, other

backroom operations Location-smart services- traffic reports, parking

information, store discounts, event recommendations PUSHed services- The services which are provided

with no request made by the user. Email alerts, stock alerts, special deal notifications

Why WAP?

The number of people having wireless devices are more than the people having PC

Access to information/services anytime from anywhere

Existing WAP Sites

College on the move – The Central Carolina Technical College’s WAP site http://wap.sum.tec.sc.us

WAP Portal- http://wap.wapportal.com ElectricNews.Net- tech news via WAP

http://adlib.ie/enn/waphome.wml Continental Airline- Flight status, itinerary, schedules,

seat availability at http://pda.continental.com UK Entertainment Center-

http://www.ents24.com/index.wml And Many More…

What’s Next…

WAP 2.0 will support…– XHTML (WML2)– TCP– Color graphics– Animation– Large file downloading– Location-smart services– Pop-up/context sensitive menus– Data synchronization with desktop PIM

What’s Next…

WAP over General Packet Radio Service– GPRS is a packet-switched technology– Faster than conventional GSM/CDMA technology.

GPRS will respond to data transfer request in less than 0.25 seconds compared to at least 30 seconds with GSM

– Always connected– With GPRS Data transfer rate will be between 20

and 30 Kbps compared to 9.6 Kbps over GSM

What’s Next…

WAP over Bluetooth

– Enables the user to connect through, and interact with devices in their proximity.

– Phone enabled with WAP over Bluetooth can be used as an interactive remote control.

What’s Next…

WAP and VoiceXML

– Enables data input/output in the form of Voice

– Enables Voice Browsing

What’s Next…

Power consumption is a very critical issue and even if high speeds are available power considerations may limit the data speeds.

What’s Next…

By 2004, the number of WAP users across the globe is estimated to grow to well over 300 million (source: Ovum).

In part, this growth is driven by the introduction of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), WAP 2.0, Bluetooth, VoiceXML and Mobile Commerce.

Thank You!!!