wake-up 1.explain the difference between transcription and translation. (hint: think about what is...

Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon.

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Mutations

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Wake-up

1. Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made)

2. Explain difference between codon and anticodon.

Wake-up

1. Find the amino acid sequence for the following strand of DNA:

TAC GGC CCA AAA CTC AGC

Page 3: Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon

MutationsMutations

Page 4: Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon

What is a mutation?

Change in the DNA nitrogen base

sequence of a gene

Page 5: Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon

What causes mutations????

Page 6: Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon

How do Mutations Occur?

Errors in DNA

Replication

Page 7: Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon

How do Mutations Occur?

Damaged DNA caused by

agents such as sunlight, smoke,

radiation

Page 8: Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon

Category of Mutation: Point Change in one base of the DNA sequence.

Original: The fat cat ate the wee rat

Point mutation: The fat hat ate the wee rat

Page 9: Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon

Example of Point Mutation: Sickle Cell Anemia

Page 10: Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon

Page 11: Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon

Sickle Cell Anemia: Point Mutation

Page 12: Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon

Sickle Cell Anemia Story(Beginning to 3:00)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2CsgXHdWqVs&feature=related

Page 13: Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon

Category of Mutation: Frameshift Addition or deletion of a DNA base resulting

in a different sequence of DNA.

Original: The fat cat ate the wee rat

Frameshift mutation: The fat ata tet hew eer at

Page 14: Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon

Tay Sachs Disease: Frameshift Mutation

Page 15: Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon

Tay Sachs Symptoms: Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o3yQZp5Rs-o

Page 16: Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon

Example of Frameshift Mutation: Tay Sachs

Page 17: Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon

Blame it on DNA: Review Song

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gqvYOr78THo&feature=related

Page 18: Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon

Wake-up1. What are two causes of mutations?

2. Which type of mutation, point or frameshift, does the most “damage” to the protein/amino acid sequence.

3. Explain why.

Page 19: Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon

Let’s practice protein synthesis with normal DNA

DNA: TAC AAC GTC ACC ATT

mRNA: AUG UUG CAG UGG UAA

Amino acid: Met Leu Gln Trp STOP

Page 20: Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon

Mutated Example of Substitution

DNA: TAC AAG GTC ACC ATT

mRNA: AUG UUC CAG UGG UAA

Amino acid: Met Phe Gln Trp STOP

Page 21: Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon

Type of Mutations: Substitution Change in one base of the DNA sequence

which causes a change in amino acid.

Page 22: Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon

Mutated Example of Insertion/Addition

DNA: TAC AAC CGT CAC CAT T

mRNA: AUG UUG GCA GUG GUA A

Amino acid: Met Leu Ala Val Val

Page 23: Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon

Type of Mutations: Insertion/AdditionAddition of one or more bases into a DNA

sequence

Page 24: Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon

Mutated Example of Deletion

DNA: TAC AAC GCA CCA TT

mRNA: AUG UUG CGU GGU AA

Amino acid: Met Leu Arg Gly

Page 25: Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon

Type of Mutations: DeletionThe removal of one or more bases in DNA

Anticodon Loop Mutations Perturb Reading Frame Maintenance by

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