VUS 6VUS 6 1800-1850’s 1800-1850’s

MANIFEST DESTINYMANIFEST DESTINY

**TWO PARTIES EMERGE**TWO PARTIES EMERGE

AFTER WASHINGTON’S AFTER WASHINGTON’S PRESIDENCY ENDED IN THE 1790’S-PRESIDENCY ENDED IN THE 1790’S-2 POLITICAL PARTIES EMERGED2 POLITICAL PARTIES EMERGED

Two parties: Two parties: FEDERALISTSFEDERALISTS DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANSDEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS

**DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICAN PARTY EMERGES

Democratic-Republican party (1792) emerges because controversy over Federalists’ support for Bank of the U.S., Jays Treaty, and the undeclared war on France.

The Jays Treaty (1794) avoided war with Britain by forcing the British to evacuate their posts in the NW territory,but did nothing about British sailors impressing American sailors.

**DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS**DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS

Leaders-Thomas Jefferson, James Leaders-Thomas Jefferson, James Madison Madison

Believed in a weak national Believed in a weak national government and an agricultural government and an agricultural economyeconomy

Supporters were farmers, artisans, Supporters were farmers, artisans, and frontier settlers in the Southand frontier settlers in the South

***FEDERALISTS***FEDERALISTS

Leaders-John Adams and Alexander Leaders-John Adams and Alexander HamiltonHamilton

Believed in a strong national Believed in a strong national government and commercial government and commercial economyeconomy

Supported by bankers and business Supported by bankers and business interests in the North interests in the North

**Election of 1800**Election of 1800

Won by Won by Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson First American presidential election First American presidential election

in which power was peacefully in which power was peacefully transferred from one party to transferred from one party to anotheranother..

**LOUISIANA PURCHASE**LOUISIANA PURCHASE

1803: Thomas Jefferson authorizes 1803: Thomas Jefferson authorizes purchase from France (Napoleon)purchase from France (Napoleon)

More than doubled the size of the More than doubled the size of the United States overnight United States overnight

Jefferson purchased for $15 million-3 Jefferson purchased for $15 million-3 cents an acrecents an acre

LP=USLP=US2 2

Louisiana Purchase-Louisiana Purchase-TJ’s greatest achievementTJ’s greatest achievement

**Lewis and Clark Expedition **Lewis and Clark Expedition 1804-18061804-1806

Explored the new Explored the new territories that lay territories that lay west of the west of the Mississippi RiverMississippi River

Sacagawea, an Indian Sacagawea, an Indian woman, served as woman, served as their guide and their guide and translatortranslator

Started in St. Louis, Started in St. Louis, Missouri ended in Missouri ended in Oregon. Oregon. M = Mississippi River

S = SacagaweaU = US2

**War of 1812(Madison-**War of 1812(Madison-President) President) REASONS FOR WARREASONS FOR WAR Fought against the British because of Fought against the British because of

interference in interference in trade routes trade routes and and impressment policy impressment policy (kidnapping U.S. (kidnapping U.S. sailors to work on British ships)sailors to work on British ships)

British interfering with westward British interfering with westward expansionexpansion

Federalists opposed war-talked of Federalists opposed war-talked of secession and constitutional amendments secession and constitutional amendments which were not acted upon.which were not acted upon.

REASONS FOR WAR of REASONS FOR WAR of 18121812 Trade Route Impressment British interference with westward

expansion TIMBIWE

**War of 1812- LAND **War of 1812- LAND RESULTSRESULTS

Led to an American Led to an American claim of the claim of the OOregon regon TTerritory with Britain erritory with Britain

Increased migration into Increased migration into FFloridalorida which was later acquired in a treaty with Spain

OTFWAR OF 1812 RESULTS =

USS USS Wasp Wasp attacking HMS attacking HMS ReindeerReindeer

**Monroe Doctrine (1823)-**Monroe Doctrine (1823)-James Monroe-President James Monroe-President U.S. FOREIGN POLICYU.S. FOREIGN POLICY

No further colonization by European No further colonization by European powers on the American continentspowers on the American continents

Western Hemisphere countries were Western Hemisphere countries were republics not monarchies.republics not monarchies.

Any violation would be seen as a threat by Any violation would be seen as a threat by the United States the United States

United States would not interfere in United States would not interfere in European affairsEuropean affairs

**Monroe Doctrine (1823)-**Monroe Doctrine (1823)-James Monroe-President James Monroe-President U.S. FOREIGN POLICYU.S. FOREIGN POLICY

IF IF N0 col West Hem rep t U S N0 col West Hem rep t U S

THENTHENno inter Euraffno inter Euraff

COTTON GIN

Eli Whitney’s Eli Whitney’s invention of the invention of the cotton gincotton gin led to the spread of the cotton kingdomcotton kingdom in the Deep South

COTTON GINCOTTON GIN

**American Expansion-**American Expansion-Westward movementWestward movement

MANIFEST DESTINYMANIFEST DESTINY American settlers streamed westward American settlers streamed westward seeking

economic opportunity in the form of land to own and farm

Railroads and canals Railroads and canals helped the growth of an helped the growth of an industrial economy and moved settlers west.industrial economy and moved settlers west.

Reasons for westward movement = MD CREOReasons for westward movement = MD CREO

**WESTERN MOVEMENT-IMPACT **WESTERN MOVEMENT-IMPACT ON AMERICAN INDIANSON AMERICAN INDIANS ““Manifest Destiny” provided political Manifest Destiny” provided political

support for territorial expansionsupport for territorial expansion During westward expansionDuring westward expansion, the American , the American

Indians were repeatedly defeated in Indians were repeatedly defeated in violent conflicts with settlers and soldiers. violent conflicts with settlers and soldiers. They would be forcibly removed from their They would be forcibly removed from their ancestral homelands in 1830.ancestral homelands in 1830.

**WESTERN MOVEMENT IMPACT ON **WESTERN MOVEMENT IMPACT ON AMERICAN INDIANSAMERICAN INDIANS

AAndrew ndrew JJackson’s ackson’s IINDIAN NDIAN RREMOVAL EMOVAL AACT-1830-CT-1830-

The The TTrail rail OOf f TTears- ears- when several tribes were relocated from Atlantic coastal states to Oklahoma. AJIRA = ToTAJIRA = ToT

TRAIL OF TEARS

**MIGRATION INTO TEXAS**MIGRATION INTO TEXAS

Mexico gained freedom from Spain in Mexico gained freedom from Spain in 18191819

American migration into Texas led to an American migration into Texas led to an armed revolt against Mexican rule armed revolt against Mexican rule Battle of the Alamo-1836 Battle of the Alamo-1836 –Band of –Band of

Texans fought to the last man against a Texans fought to the last man against a vastly superior Mexican Army. vastly superior Mexican Army.

The Texans eventual victory over Mexican The Texans eventual victory over Mexican forces brought Texas into the United Statesforces brought Texas into the United States

**Mexican War (1846-1848)**Mexican War (1846-1848)

American victory in the American victory in the Mexican WarMexican War led to led to the acquisition of Mexican territory the acquisition of Mexican territory ((Mexican CessionMexican Cession) that included the ) that included the present-day states of California, present-day states of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and parts of Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and parts of Colorado and New Mexico.Colorado and New Mexico. California Gold Rush 1848-1855California Gold Rush 1848-1855 Mexican Cession = CC NUANMexican Cession = CC NUAN

**MANIFEST DESTINY**MANIFEST DESTINY

GADSDEN PURCHASE GADSDEN PURCHASE ((1853), from Mexico- present 1853), from Mexico- present day shape of the day shape of the CONTINENTAL U.S. CONTINENTAL U.S. is now is now complete. complete.

Terms to know Aristocracy-government in which power

is given to those seen as most qualified (rich people). Aristocrat.

Presidential veto- Constitutional power granted to the President to prevent passage of legislation. Jackson used this power more than any previous President.

**THE AGE OF THE”COMMON MAN”was characterized by the following:

The rise of interest group politics and sectional issues

A dirty campaigning Increased voter (more voters)

participation-elimination of property requirements to vote for white males-prior to 1828

Age of the Common Man = InG Si dicam Mvote

THE AGE OF ANDREW THE AGE OF ANDREW JACKSONJACKSON

**ANDREW JACKSON-“the common man” AJ personified the “democratic spirit”

of the age by challenging the economic elite (aristocrats + rich people) and rewarding campaign supporters with cushy public service jobs (the spoils system) AJ = DS3

Tariff of 1828 – The Tariff of AbominationsThe major goal of the tariff was to protect industries in the northern United States which

were being driven out of business by low-priced imported goods by putting a tax on them. The South, however, was harmed directly by having to pay higher prices on goods the

region did not produce, and indirectly because reducing the exportation of British goods to the US made it difficult for the British to pay for the cotton they imported from the South.[1] The reaction in the South, particularly in South Carolina, would lead to the

Nullification Crisis that began in late 1832.

The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (1798-99) were political statements in which the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures took the position that the federal

Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional. The Resolutions argued that the states had the right and the duty to declare unconstitutional any acts of Congress that were not authorized by the Constitution. In doing so, they argued for states' rights and strict constructionism of the Constitution. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions of 1798 were written secretly by Vice President Thomas Jefferson

and James Madison, respectively.

Marbury v. Madison 1803 – Judicial Review

McCulloch v. Maryland 1819 – Implied PowersGibbons v. Ogden 1824 – Interstate Commerce

Background of Nullification

****DEBATES OVER THE DEBATES OVER THE NATURE OF THE UNION(U.S.)-NATURE OF THE UNION(U.S.)-THE NULLIFICATION CRISISTHE NULLIFICATION CRISIS

South Carolinians argued thatSouth Carolinians argued that states could states could NULLIFY (VOID NULLIFY (VOID ))The Tariff of The Tariff of 1832(protective tax on imported goods)1832(protective tax on imported goods) and other acts of Congress.and other acts of Congress.

states could secede from the Union in states could secede from the Union in defense of slaverydefense of slavery (the Nullification (the Nullification Crisis).Crisis).

President Jackson threatened to send in federal troops to collect the tariff revenues.

JACKSON AND THE BANK OF THE UNITED STATES(BUS)

JACKSON VIEWED THE BANK AS A TOOL OF THE RICH-HE VETOED THE RECHARTERING OF THE BANK IN 1832. HIS OPPONENT HENRY CLAY SUPPORTED THE BANK.

JACKSON’S RE-ELECTION BROUGHT AN END TO THE BANK. AJ = IRA NOBUS

JACKSON AND THE PANIC OF 1837

1)JACKSON TOOK MONEY OUT OF THE BANK of the US AND PUT IN PET BANKS

2)PET BANKS FAILED –BANKS STOPPED ACCEPTING PAPER CURRENCY

3)LED TO THE PANIC OF 1837

PANIC OF 1837-RESULTS

COLLAPSE OF THE CREDIT SYSTEM BANK CLOSINGS BANKRUPTED HUNDREDS OF

BUSINESSES 1/3 PEOPLE OUT OF WORK

Jackson Political CartoonsJackson Political Cartoons

**POLITICAL PARTIES The FEDERALIST PARTY disappeared

and new political parties were organized in opposition to the Democratic Party

The Whigs-believed in a strong central government and opposed Jackson’s King Like actions.

The Know Nothings-anti-immigrant party

**SECTIONAL TENSIONS-**SECTIONAL TENSIONS-between North and Southbetween North and South The The INDUSTRIAL NORTHINDUSTRIAL NORTH

--favored high protective tariffs favored high protective tariffs to to protect Northern manufactured goods protect Northern manufactured goods from foreign competition.from foreign competition.

**protective tariffprotective tariff-tax on imported goods-tax on imported goods

**SECTIONAL TENSIONS-**SECTIONAL TENSIONS-between North and Southbetween North and South The The AGRICULTURAL SOUTH

--opposed protective tariffs opposed protective tariffs because that made the price of because that made the price of imports more expensive.imports more expensive.

**POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY**POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

WHEN STATES (OR WHEN STATES (OR PEOPLES) RULE PEOPLES) RULE THEMSELVES.THEMSELVES.

**SECTIONAL TENSIONS-caused by westward expansion

As new states entered the Union, compromises were reached that maintained the balance of power in Congress between “free” and “slave” states.

**SLAVERY COMPROMISES**SLAVERY COMPROMISES

The Missouri Compromise 1820The Missouri Compromise 1820--drew an east-west line through the drew an east-west line through the Louisiana Purchase, with slavery Louisiana Purchase, with slavery prohibited above the line and prohibited above the line and allowed below,allowed below,except slavery was allowed in Missouri,north of the line 36-30.

**SLAVERY COMPROMISES**SLAVERY COMPROMISES

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850--California enters as free state-California enters as free state-while the new Southwestern while the new Southwestern Territories acquired from Territories acquired from Mexico would decide on their Mexico would decide on their own(popular sovereignty).own(popular sovereignty).

**SLAVERY COMPROMISES**SLAVERY COMPROMISES Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854--repealed repealed

the Missouri Compromise line, the Missouri Compromise line, by giving by giving Kansas and Nebraska the choice to Kansas and Nebraska the choice to allow slavery in their states (allow slavery in their states (popularpopular sovereigntysovereignty)). .

This law produced bloody fighting in This law produced bloody fighting in Kansas as pro- and anti-slavery forces Kansas as pro- and anti-slavery forces battled each other.battled each other.

Led to birth of Led to birth of Republican PartyRepublican Party which which opposed spread of slavery.opposed spread of slavery.

**SECTIONAL TENSIONS CAUSED BY **SECTIONAL TENSIONS CAUSED BY THE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERYTHE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY

Slave revolts in Virginia, led by Nat Nat Turner and Gabriel ProsserTurner and Gabriel Prosser fed white fed white Southerners’ fears about more slave Southerners’ fears about more slave rebellions rebellions and led to harsh laws in the and led to harsh laws in the South against fugitive slaves. South against fugitive slaves.

Southerners who favored abolition were Southerners who favored abolition were intimidated into silence.intimidated into silence.

DRED SCOTT DECISION 1857

DRED SCOTT-SLAVE HAD LIVED IN A FREE TERRITORY THEREFORE THOUGHT HE SHOULD BE FREE

CASE WENT TO SUPREME COURT COURT RULED THAT BLACKS WERE

NOT CITIZENS AND THERFORE COULD NOT file a law suit

**ABOLITIONIST**ABOLITIONIST

PERSON WHO WAS AGAINST PERSON WHO WAS AGAINST SLAVERY FOR MORAL REASONS SLAVERY FOR MORAL REASONS AND TRIED TO FREE THEM.AND TRIED TO FREE THEM.

**SECTIONAL TENSIONS CAUSED BY **SECTIONAL TENSIONS CAUSED BY THE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERYTHE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY

Northerners led by William Lloyd Garrison, publisher of The Liberator, increasingly viewed the institution of slavery as a violation of Christian principles and argued for its abolition.

Southerners grew alarmed by the growing force of the Northern response to the abolitionists.

WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISONWILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON

HARRIET TUBMAN

**SECTIONAL TENSIONS CAUSED BY **SECTIONAL TENSIONS CAUSED BY THE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERYTHE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY

Fugitive Slave ActFugitive Slave Act pitted Southern pitted Southern slave owners against outraged slave owners against outraged Northerners who opposed returning Northerners who opposed returning escaped slaves to bondage.escaped slaves to bondage.

LINCOLN VS DOUGLAS LINCOLN (REPUBLICAN) RAN

AGAINST STEPHEN DOUGLAS(DEMOCRAT) AND DEBATED OVER SLAVERY.

LINCOLN OPPOSED SLAVERY SPREADING INTO NEW STATES

DOUGLAS BELIEVED IN POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

LINCOLN’S QUOTE LINCOLN WARNED “A HOUSE DIVIDED AGAINST ITSELF

CANNOT STAND” THE NATION COULD NOT BE HALF

FREE AND HALF SLAVE

**THE WOMEN’S **THE WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENTSUFFRAGE MOVEMENT At the same time the abolitionist movement At the same time the abolitionist movement

grew,another reform movement took root-grew,another reform movement took root-the the movement to give equal rights to women.movement to give equal rights to women.

Leading suffragettes were Elizabeth Cady Leading suffragettes were Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony.Stanton and Susan B. Anthony.

They wrote the They wrote the Seneca Falls DeclarationSeneca Falls Declaration in in 1848-modeled after The Declaration of 1848-modeled after The Declaration of Independence listing the rights denied Independence listing the rights denied women.It was presented at the women.It was presented at the Seneca Falls Seneca Falls ConventionConvention

**THE WOMEN’S **THE WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENTSUFFRAGE MOVEMENT Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.

Anthony became involved in the women’s suffrage movement before the Civil War and continued with the movement after the war.

SUFFRAGE- the right to vote

Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady StantonStanton

Westward farm power transferred spoils system Mexican MississippiAristocrats cotton gin Democratic-Republicans Florida federal Trail of

Tears

Westward farm power transferred spoils system Mexican MississippiAristocrats cotton gin Democratic-Republicans Florida federal Trail of

Tears

Westward farm power transferred spoils system Mexican MississippiAristocrats cotton gin Democratic-Republicans Florida federal Trail of

Tears

God harsher increase foreign Dred Scott emancipation propertyAndrew Jackson slave women Uncle Tom’s Cabin slavery tariffs

Popular sovereignty California repeal

God harsher increase foreign Dred Scott emancipation propertyAndrew Jackson slave women Uncle Tom’s Cabin slavery tariffs

Popular sovereignty California repeal

God harsher increase foreign Dred Scott emancipation propertyAndrew Jackson slave women Uncle Tom’s Cabin slavery tariffs

Popular sovereignty California repeal

*Monroe Doctrine-The US would not interfere in __________ affairs-The Western hemisphere should not be considered for future ________ by any European powers.-The US would regard European powers placing their will on independent nations in the Western Hemisphere as a _______ to its own security.-The Western Hemisphere is a ____________ not a monarchy.

*Western Movement-belief in manifest ________

-opportunity for cheap _______ and resources-US gaining control of the Mississippi River and New Orleans

*Panic of 1837-lead to _____ closings

-the collapse of the ______ system-_________ hundreds of businesses

-put _________ of the population out of work

DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING:1)THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE2)THE COMPROMISE OF 1850

3)THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT4)THE DRED SCOTT DECISION